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Li D, Shen C, Zheng Y, Xu J. Electrochemo-Mechanical Degradation and Failure of Active Particles in High Energy Density Batteries: A Review. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2025; 21:e2407740. [PMID: 39776184 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202407740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2024] [Revised: 12/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
Failure of the active particles is inherently electrochemo-mechanics dominated. This review comprehensively examines the electrochemo-mechanical degradation and failure mechanisms of active particles in high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. The study delves into the growth of passivating layers, such as the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and their impact on battery performance. It highlights the role of elevated temperatures in accelerating degradation reactions, such as the dissolution of transition metals and the formation of new SEI layers, leading to capacity fade and increased internal resistance. The review also discusses the mechanical degradation of electrode materials, including the fracture of active particles and the impact of stress on electrode performance. Advanced characterization techniques, such as cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy and 3D tomography, are explored to provide insights into the structural and chemical evolution of battery materials. By addressing the interplay between chemical, mechanical, and thermal factors, this review aims to provide guidelines for the chemistry development, material selection, structural design as well as recycling of next-generation batteries with high safety, durability, and high energy density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, university of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Chenhao Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, university of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yuejiu Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, university of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Energy Mechanics and Sustainability Laboratory (EMSLab), University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
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2
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Wang H, Li X, Li T, Chen XC, Chang K, Chen L, Yang Z, Zhu L. Low Melting Temperature Gallium-Indium Liquid Metal Anode for Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025; 17:811-822. [PMID: 39679835 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state Li-ion batteries are attracting attention for their enhanced safety features, higher energy density, and broader operational temperature range compared to systems based on liquid electrolytes. However, current solid-state Li-ion batteries face performance challenges, such as suboptimal cycling and poor rate capabilities, often due to inadequate interfacial contact between the solid electrolyte and electrodes. To address this issue, we incorporated a gallium-indium (Ga-In) liquid metal as the anode in a solid-state Li-ion battery setup, employing Li6PS5Cl as the solid electrolyte. Operating at room temperature, this configuration achieved an initial capacity of 389 mAh g-1 and maintained 88% of this capacity after 30 cycles at a 0.05 C rate. It also demonstrated a capacity retention of 66% after 500 cycles at a 0.5 C rate. In comparison to solid anode materials, such as tin, the Ga-In liquid metal exhibited superior cycling stability and rate capacity, which is due to the self-healing and fluid properties of the alloy that ensure stable interfacial contact with solid electrolytes. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ex situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses revealed that indium does not directly participate in the lithiation/delithiation process. Instead, it helps maintain the alloy's low melting point, facilitating its return to a liquid state after delithiation. In a comparative analysis of stack pressure during cycling in cells utilizing Ga-In liquid metal and tin, the Ga-In liquid metal cell demonstrated an ability to buffer pressure increases associated with deformation. These findings suggest a promising approach for enhancing solid-state batteries by integrating liquid metal anodes, which improve interfacial contact and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Tianyi Li
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Xi Chelsea Chen
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kai Chang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, Michigan 48128, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Likun Zhu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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3
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Yang Y, Biswas S, Xu R, Xiao X, Xu X, Zhang P, Gong H, Zheng X, Peng Y, Li J, Ai H, Wu Y, Ye Y, Gao X, Serrao C, Zhang W, Sayavong P, Huang Z, Chen Z, Cui Y, Vilá RA, Boyle DT, Cui Y. Capacity recovery by transient voltage pulse in silicon-anode batteries. Science 2024; 386:322-327. [PMID: 39418354 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
In the quest for high-capacity battery electrodes, addressing capacity loss attributed to isolated active materials remains a challenge. We developed an approach to substantially recover the isolated active materials in silicon electrodes and used a voltage pulse to reconnect the isolated lithium-silicon (LixSi) particles back to the conductive network. Using a 5-second pulse, we achieved >30% of capacity recovery in both Li-Si and Si-lithium iron phosphate (Si-LFP) batteries. The recovered capacity sustains and replicates through multiple pulses, providing a constant capacity advantage. We validated the recovery mechanism as the movement of the neutral isolated LixSi particles under a localized nonuniform electric field, a phenomenon known as dielectrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Srija Biswas
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- The Polytechnic School, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huaxin Gong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xueli Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yucan Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Junyan Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huayue Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yecun Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yusheng Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chad Serrao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhouyi Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rafael A Vilá
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David T Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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4
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Meyssonnier C, Merabet A, Dupré N, Paireau C, Lestriez B. Critical Binder-to-Powders Coverage Ratio for Faster Graphite/SiO x Electrode Formulation Optimization. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301370. [PMID: 38098166 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Mastering electrodes' formulations is a complex and tedious task, because for each composition of electroactive material(s) it is necessary to adjust the inactive additives nature and content to optimize battery performance. In this direction, the amount of binder is proposed to be adjusted to the surface developed by all of the powders involved in the composition of the electrode, i.e., the electroactive materials and electronic conductive additives. This concept, introduces here as binder-to-powders coverage ratio, relies upon the micromechanical models developed in the field of polymer-based composite materials. The validity of this new electrode formulation parameter is shown here for two different SiOx/Graphite blends, which differ in the type of graphite, and for blends of two different binders, polyacrylic acid and styrene-butadiene rubber. At the optimal coverage ratio, a satisfactory capacity retention is obtained in full cell with an ethylene carbonate free and fluoroethylene carbonate rich electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Meyssonnier
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
- Armor Battery Films, 7 Rue de la Pelissière, La Chevrolière, 44118, France
| | - Amina Merabet
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
| | - Cyril Paireau
- Armor Battery Films, 7 Rue de la Pelissière, La Chevrolière, 44118, France
| | - Bernard Lestriez
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, Nantes, F-44000, France
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Hua W, Chen J, Ferreira Sanchez D, Schwarz B, Yang Y, Senyshyn A, Wu Z, Shen CH, Knapp M, Ehrenberg H, Indris S, Guo X, Ouyang X. Probing Particle-Carbon/Binder Degradation Behavior in Fatigued Layered Cathode Materials through Machine Learning Aided Diffraction Tomography. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403189. [PMID: 38701048 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how reaction heterogeneity impacts cathode materials during Li-ion battery (LIB) electrochemical cycling is pivotal for unraveling their electrochemical performance. Yet, experimentally verifying these reactions has proven to be a challenge. To address this, we employed scanning μ-XRD computed tomography to scrutinize Ni-rich layered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) and Li-rich layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 (LLNMO). By harnessing machine learning (ML) techniques, we scrutinized an extensive dataset of μ-XRD patterns, about 100,000 patterns per slice, to unveil the spatial distribution of crystalline structure and microstrain. Our experimental findings unequivocally reveal the distinct behavior of these materials. NCM622 exhibits structural degradation and lattice strain intricately linked to the size of secondary particles. Smaller particles and the surface of larger particles in contact with the carbon/binder matrix experience intensified structural fatigue after long-term cycling. Conversely, both the surface and bulk of LLNMO particles endure severe strain-induced structural degradation during high-voltage cycling, resulting in significant voltage decay and capacity fade. This work holds the potential to fine-tune the microstructure of advanced layered materials and manipulate composite electrode construction in order to enhance the performance of LIBs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Hua
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jinniu Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.28, West Xianning Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Dario Ferreira Sanchez
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Björn Schwarz
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yang Yang
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Anatoliy Senyshyn
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, D-85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Michael Knapp
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Helmut Ehrenberg
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylvio Indris
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, No. 24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ouyang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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6
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Bai M, Tang X, Zhang M, Wang H, Wang Z, Shao A, Ma Y. An in-situ polymerization strategy for gel polymer electrolyte Si||Ni-rich lithium-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5375. [PMID: 38918392 PMCID: PMC11199651 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coupling the Si-based anodes with nickel-rich LiNixMnyCo1-x-yO2 cathodes (x ≥ 0.8) in the energy-dense cell prototype suffers from the mechanical instability of the Li-Si alloys, cathode collapse upon the high-voltage cycling, as well as the severe leakage current at elevated temperatures. More seriously, the cathode-to-anode cross-talk effect of transitional metal aggravates the depletion of the active Li reservoir. To reconcile the cation utilization degree, stress dissipation, and extreme temperature tolerance of the Si-based anode||NMC prototype, we propose a gel polymer electrolyte to reinforce the mechanical integrity of Si anode and chelate with the transitional cations towards the stabilized interfacial property. As coupling the conformal gel polymer electrolyte encapsulation with the spatial arranged Si anode and NMC811 cathode, the 2.7 Ah pouch-format cell could achieve the high energy density of 325.9 Wh kg-1 (based on the whole pouch cell), 88.7% capacity retention for 2000 cycles, self-extinguish property as well as a wide temperature tolerance. Therefore, this proposed polymerization strategy provides a leap toward the secured Li batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Helin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Zhiqiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Ahu Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yue Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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7
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Gao L, Han S, Ni H, Zhu J, Wang L, Gao S, Wang Y, Huang D, Zhao Y, Zou R. Application of neutron imaging in observing various states of matter inside lithium batteries. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad238. [PMID: 37854950 PMCID: PMC10581545 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium batteries have been essential technologies and become an integral part of our daily lives, powering a range of devices from phones to electric vehicles. To fully understand and optimize the performance of lithium batteries, it is necessary to investigate their internal states and processes through various characterization methods. Neutron imaging has been an indispensable complementary characterization technique to X-ray imaging or electron microscopy because of the unique interaction principle between neutrons and matter. It provides particular insights into the various states of matter inside lithium batteries, including the Li+ concentration in solid electrodes, the Li plating/stripping behavior of Li-metal anodes, the Li+ diffusion in solid ionic conductors, the distribution of liquid electrolytes and the generation of gases. This review aims to highlight the capabilities and advantages of neutron imaging in characterizing lithium batteries, as well as its current state of application in this field. Additionally, we discuss the potential of neutron imaging to contribute to the ongoing development of advanced batteries through its ability to visualize internal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songbai Han
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haijin Ni
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinlong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Song Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Dubin Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Ruqiang Zou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Quilty CD, Wu D, Li W, Bock DC, Wang L, Housel LM, Abraham A, Takeuchi KJ, Marschilok AC, Takeuchi ES. Electron and Ion Transport in Lithium and Lithium-Ion Battery Negative and Positive Composite Electrodes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1327-1363. [PMID: 36757020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical energy storage systems, specifically lithium and lithium-ion batteries, are ubiquitous in contemporary society with the widespread deployment of portable electronic devices. Emerging storage applications such as integration of renewable energy generation and expanded adoption of electric vehicles present an array of functional demands. Critical to battery function are electron and ion transport as they determine the energy output of the battery under application conditions and what portion of the total energy contained in the battery can be utilized. This review considers electron and ion transport processes for active materials as well as positive and negative composite electrodes. Length and time scales over many orders of magnitude are relevant ranging from atomic arrangements of materials and short times for electron conduction to large format batteries and many years of operation. Characterization over this diversity of scales demands multiple methods to obtain a complete view of the transport processes involved. In addition, we offer a perspective on strategies for enabling rational design of electrodes, the role of continuum modeling, and the fundamental science needed for continued advancement of electrochemical energy storage systems with improved energy density, power, and lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin D Quilty
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Daren Wu
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Wenzao Li
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - David C Bock
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Lisa M Housel
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alyson Abraham
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Kenneth J Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Amy C Marschilok
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther S Takeuchi
- Institute of Energy, Environment, Sustainability and Equity, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Interdisciplinary Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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9
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Sánchez-Ramírez N, Monje IE, Bélanger D, Camargo PH, Torresi RM. High rate and long-term cycling of silicon anodes with phosphonium-based ionic liquids as electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Homogenization-Informed Convolutional Neural Networks for Estimation of Li-ion Battery Effective Properties. Transp Porous Media 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-022-01862-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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11
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Insight mechanism of nano iron difluoride cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries: a review. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05287-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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12
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de Vasconcelos LS, Xu R, Xu Z, Zhang J, Sharma N, Shah SR, Han J, He X, Wu X, Sun H, Hu S, Perrin M, Wang X, Liu Y, Lin F, Cui Y, Zhao K. Chemomechanics of Rechargeable Batteries: Status, Theories, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13043-13107. [PMID: 35839290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemomechanics is an old subject, yet its importance has been revived in rechargeable batteries where the mechanical energy and damage associated with redox reactions can significantly affect both the thermodynamics and rates of key electrochemical processes. Thanks to the push for clean energy and advances in characterization capabilities, significant research efforts in the last two decades have brought about a leap forward in understanding the intricate chemomechanical interactions regulating battery performance. Going forward, it is necessary to consolidate scattered ideas in the literature into a structured framework for future efforts across multidisciplinary fields. This review sets out to distill and structure what the authors consider to be significant recent developments on the study of chemomechanics of rechargeable batteries in a concise and accessible format to the audiences of different backgrounds in electrochemistry, materials, and mechanics. Importantly, we review the significance of chemomechanics in the context of battery performance, as well as its mechanistic understanding by combining electrochemical, materials, and mechanical perspectives. We discuss the coupling between the elements of electrochemistry and mechanics, key experimental and modeling tools from the small to large scales, and design considerations. Lastly, we provide our perspective on ongoing challenges and opportunities ranging from quantifying mechanical degradation in batteries to manufacturing battery materials and developing cyclic protocols to improve the mechanical resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Zhengrui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nikhil Sharma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sameep Rajubhai Shah
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jiaxiu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaomei He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xianyang Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shan Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Madison Perrin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xiaokang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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13
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Quantitative Lithiation Depth Profiling in Silicon Containing Anodes Investigated by Ion Beam Analysis. BATTERIES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries8020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The localisation and quantitative analysis of lithium (Li) in battery materials, components, and full cells are scientifically highly relevant, yet challenging tasks. The methodical developments of MeV ion beam analysis (IBA) presented here open up new possibilities for simultaneous elemental quantification and localisation of light and heavy elements in Li and other batteries. It describes the technical prerequisites and limitations of using IBA to analyse and solve current challenges with the example of Li-ion and solid-state battery-related research and development. Here, nuclear reaction analysis and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry can provide spatial resolutions down to 70 nm and 1% accuracy. To demonstrate the new insights to be gained by IBA, SiOx-containing graphite anodes are lithiated to six states-of-charge (SoC) between 0–50%. The quantitative Li depth profiling of the anodes shows a linear increase of the Li concentration with SoC and a match of injected and detected Li-ions. This unambiguously proofs the electrochemical activity of Si. Already at 50% SoC, we derive C/Li = 5.4 (< LiC6) when neglecting Si, proving a relevant uptake of Li by the 8 atom % Si (C/Si ≈ 9) in the anode with Li/Si ≤ 1.8 in this case. Extrapolations to full lithiation show a maximum of Li/Si = 1.04 ± 0.05. The analysis reveals all element concentrations are constant over the anode thickness of 44 µm, except for a ~6-µm-thick separator-side surface layer. Here, the Li and Si concentrations are a factor 1.23 higher compared to the bulk for all SoC, indicating preferential Li binding to SiOx. These insights are so far not accessible with conventional analysis methods and are a first important step towards in-depth knowledge of quantitative Li distributions on the component level and a further application of IBA in the battery community.
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14
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Müller S, Sauter C, Shunmugasundaram R, Wenzler N, De Andrade V, De Carlo F, Konukoglu E, Wood V. Deep learning-based segmentation of lithium-ion battery microstructures enhanced by artificially generated electrodes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6205. [PMID: 34707110 PMCID: PMC8551326 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26480-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate 3D representations of lithium-ion battery electrodes, in which the active particles, binder and pore phases are distinguished and labeled, can assist in understanding and ultimately improving battery performance. Here, we demonstrate a methodology for using deep-learning tools to achieve reliable segmentations of volumetric images of electrodes on which standard segmentation approaches fail due to insufficient contrast. We implement the 3D U-Net architecture for segmentation, and, to overcome the limitations of training data obtained experimentally through imaging, we show how synthetic learning data, consisting of realistic artificial electrode structures and their tomographic reconstructions, can be generated and used to enhance network performance. We apply our method to segment x-ray tomographic microscopy images of graphite-silicon composite electrodes and show it is accurate across standard metrics. We then apply it to obtain a statistically meaningful analysis of the microstructural evolution of the carbon-black and binder domain during battery operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Müller
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina Sauter
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramesh Shunmugasundaram
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nils Wenzler
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ender Konukoglu
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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15
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Inhomogeneities and Cell-to-Cell Variations in Lithium-Ion Batteries, a Review. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Battery degradation is a fundamental concern in battery research, with the biggest challenge being to maintain performance and safety upon usage. From the microstructure of the materials to the design of the cell connectors in modules and their assembly in packs, it is impossible to achieve perfect reproducibility. Small manufacturing or environmental variations will compound big repercussions on pack performance and reliability. This review covers the origins of cell-to-cell variations and inhomogeneities on a multiscale level, their impact on electrochemical performance, as well as their characterization and tracking methods, ranging from the use of large-scale equipment to in operando studies.
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16
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De Andrade V, Nikitin V, Wojcik M, Deriy A, Bean S, Shu D, Mooney T, Peterson K, Kc P, Li K, Ali S, Fezzaa K, Gürsoy D, Arico C, Ouendi S, Troadec D, Simon P, De Carlo F, Lethien C. Fast X-ray Nanotomography with Sub-10 nm Resolution as a Powerful Imaging Tool for Nanotechnology and Energy Storage Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008653. [PMID: 33871108 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, transmission X-ray microscopes (TXMs) have come into operation in most of the synchrotrons worldwide. They have proven to be outstanding tools for non-invasive ex and in situ 3D characterization of materials at the nanoscale across varying range of scientific applications. However, their spatial resolution has not improved in many years, while newly developed functional materials and microdevices with enhanced performances exhibit nanostructures always finer. Here, optomechanical breakthroughs leading to fast 3D tomographic acquisitions (85 min) with sub-10 nm spatial resolution, narrowing the gap between X-ray and electron microscopy, are reported. These new achievements are first validated with 3D characterizations of nanolithography objects corresponding to ultrahigh-aspect-ratio hard X-ray zone plates. Then, this powerful technique is used to investigate the morphology and conformality of nanometer-thick film electrodes synthesized by atomic layer deposition and magnetron sputtering deposition methods on 3D silicon scaffolds for electrochemical energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent De Andrade
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Viktor Nikitin
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Michael Wojcik
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Alex Deriy
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Sunil Bean
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Deming Shu
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Tim Mooney
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Kevin Peterson
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Prabhat Kc
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Kenan Li
- Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Sajid Ali
- Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kamel Fezzaa
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Doga Gürsoy
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Cassandra Arico
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, YNCREA-ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts de France UPHF, CNRS UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), CNRS UMR 5085 - Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 31062, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
| | - Saliha Ouendi
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, YNCREA-ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts de France UPHF, CNRS UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
| | - David Troadec
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, YNCREA-ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts de France UPHF, CNRS UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
| | - Patrice Simon
- Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux (CIRIMAT), CNRS UMR 5085 - Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, 31062, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
| | - Francesco De Carlo
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Christophe Lethien
- Institut d'Electronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie, Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille Institut, YNCREA-ISEN, Université Polytechnique des Hauts de France UPHF, CNRS UMR 8520-IEMN, Lille, F-59000, France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'Energie (RS2E), CNRS FR 3459, Amiens Cedex, 80039, France
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17
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Iqbal N, Ali Y, Lee S. Chemo-mechanical response of composite electrode systems with multiple binder connections. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Using In-Situ Laboratory and Synchrotron-Based X-ray Diffraction for Lithium-Ion Batteries Characterization: A Review on Recent Developments. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Renewable technologies, and in particular the electric vehicle revolution, have generated tremendous pressure for the improvement of lithium ion battery performance. To meet the increasingly high market demand, challenges include improving the energy density, extending cycle life and enhancing safety. In order to address these issues, a deep understanding of both the physical and chemical changes of battery materials under working conditions is crucial for linking degradation processes to their origins in material properties and their electrochemical signatures. In situ and operando synchrotron-based X-ray techniques provide powerful tools for battery materials research, allowing a deep understanding of structural evolution, redox processes and transport properties during cycling. In this review, in situ synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction methods are discussed in detail with an emphasis on recent advancements in improving the spatial and temporal resolution. The experimental approaches reviewed here include cell designs and materials, as well as beamline experimental setup details. Finally, future challenges and opportunities for battery technologies are discussed.
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19
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Li S, Jiang Z, Han J, Xu Z, Wang C, Huang H, Yu C, Lee SJ, Pianetta P, Ohldag H, Qiu J, Lee JS, Lin F, Zhao K, Liu Y. Mutual modulation between surface chemistry and bulk microstructure within secondary particles of nickel-rich layered oxides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4433. [PMID: 32895388 PMCID: PMC7477569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18278-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface lattice reconstruction is commonly observed in nickel-rich layered oxide battery cathode materials, causing unsatisfactory high-voltage cycling performance. However, the interplay of the surface chemistry and the bulk microstructure remains largely unexplored due to the intrinsic structural complexity and the lack of integrated diagnostic tools for a thorough investigation at complementary length scales. Herein, by combining nano-resolution X-ray probes in both soft and hard X-ray regimes, we demonstrate correlative surface chemical mapping and bulk microstructure imaging over a single charged LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) secondary particle. We reveal that the sub-particle regions with more micro cracks are associated with more severe surface degradation. A mechanism of mutual modulation between the surface chemistry and the bulk microstructure is formulated based on our experimental observations and finite element modeling. Such a surface-to-bulk reaction coupling effect is fundamentally important for the design of the next generation battery cathode materials. The interplay of surface chemistry and bulk microstructure in layered oxides is critical to battery performance. Here, the authors demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of such a reaction mechanism within an individual cathode particle using integrated synchrotron imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Li
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.,State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Zhisen Jiang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jiaxiu Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhengrui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Chenxu Wang
- Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hai Huang
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Chang Yu
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China
| | - Sang-Jun Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Piero Pianetta
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Hendrik Ohldag
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Key Lab for Energy Materials and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024, Dalian, China.
| | - Jun-Sik Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Kejie Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Yijin Liu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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20
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Levett A, Gagen EJ, Rintoul L, Guagliardo P, Diao H, Vasconcelos PM, Southam G. Characterisation of iron oxide encrusted microbial fossils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9889. [PMID: 32555223 PMCID: PMC7303173 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust methods for the characterisation of microbial biosignatures in geological matrices is critical for developing mineralogical biosignatures. Studying microbial fossils is fundamental for our understanding of the role microorganisms have played in elemental cycling in modern and ancient environments on Earth and potentially Mars. Here, we aim to understand what promotes the fossilisation of microorganisms after the initial stages of biomineralisation, committing bacteriomorphic structures to the geological record within iron-rich environments. Mineral encrusted cell envelope structures were routinely identified within a goethite-rich vein that cross-cut the saprolite (iron ore) of a weathered banded iron formation (BIF) system in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Brazil. The preservation of potential organic and mineralogical biosignatures associated with these fossils was characterised using the following high-resolution analytical techniques: scanning and transmission electron microscopy, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry, synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Electron microscopy demonstrated that mineral nucleation associated with a range of cell envelope structures typically followed the extant cell templates. These biologically-influenced iron-rich minerals are microcrystalline with minimal secondary growth. In contrast, intracellular mineralisation formed larger minerals that grew inward from the cell membrane to infill intracellular voids after cell death. A three dimensional reconstruction of encrusted cell envelopes in a fossilised biofilm suggests that microorganisms may be able to replicate, during the initial stages of mineralisation. Carbon and nitrogen signatures are preserved associated with the cell envelope structures; however, there were no conclusive mineralogical biosignatures associated with the mineralised cell envelopes highlighting the classical importance of morphology and elemental biosignatures in determining the biogenicity of bacteriomorphic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Levett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Emma J Gagen
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Llew Rintoul
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Institute of Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia
| | - Paul Guagliardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hui Diao
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paulo M Vasconcelos
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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21
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Machine-learning-revealed statistics of the particle-carbon/binder detachment in lithium-ion battery cathodes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2310. [PMID: 32385347 PMCID: PMC7210251 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16233-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The microstructure of a composite electrode determines how individual battery particles are charged and discharged in a lithium-ion battery. It is a frontier challenge to experimentally visualize and, subsequently, to understand the electrochemical consequences of battery particles’ evolving (de)attachment with the conductive matrix. Herein, we tackle this issue with a unique combination of multiscale experimental approaches, machine-learning-assisted statistical analysis, and experiment-informed mathematical modeling. Our results suggest that the degree of particle detachment is positively correlated with the charging rate and that smaller particles exhibit a higher degree of uncertainty in their detachment from the carbon/binder matrix. We further explore the feasibility and limitation of utilizing the reconstructed electron density as a proxy for the state-of-charge. Our findings highlight the importance of precisely quantifying the evolving nature of the battery electrode’s microstructure with statistical confidence, which is a key to maximize the utility of active particles towards higher battery capacity. Developing understanding of degradation phenomena in nickel rich cathodes is under intense investigation. Here the authors use learning-assisted statistical analysis and experiment-informed mathematical modelling to resolve the microstructure of a Ni-rich NMC composite cathode.
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22
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Mistry A, Smith K, Mukherjee PP. Stochasticity at Scales Leads to Lithium Intercalation Cascade. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:16359-16366. [PMID: 32164403 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Porous intercalation electrodes are synonymous with the promise of lithium-ion batteries toward electromobility. These electrodes exhibit stochastic geometrical features spanning different length scales. The implication of microstructural inhomogeneity on the lithium intercalation dynamics is hitherto unknown. Starting from three-dimensional (3D), X-ray tomograms of intercalation electrode microstructures, we characterize the microstructural variability in porous intercalation electrodes. Furthermore, a physics-based analysis of electrochemical response reveals that the stochastic features can cause preferential lithiation fronts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashutosh Mistry
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kandler Smith
- Transportation and Hydrogen Systems Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Partha P Mukherjee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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23
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Lin CH, Sun K, Ge M, Housel LM, McCarthy AH, Vila MN, Zhao C, Xiao X, Lee WK, Takeuchi KJ, Takeuchi ES, Marschilok AC, Chen-Wiegart YCK. Systems-level investigation of aqueous batteries for understanding the benefit of water-in-salt electrolyte by synchrotron nanoimaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay7129. [PMID: 32181349 PMCID: PMC7060054 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay7129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes provide a promising path toward aqueous battery systems with enlarged operating voltage windows for better safety and environmental sustainability. In this work, a new electrode couple, LiV3O8-LiMn2O4, for aqueous Li-ion batteries is investigated to understand the mechanism by which the WIS electrolyte improves the cycling stability at an extended voltage window. Operando synchrotron transmission x-ray microscopy on the LiMn2O4 cathode reveals that the WIS electrolyte suppresses the mechanical damage to the electrode network and dissolution of the electrode particles, in addition to delaying the water decomposition process. Because the viscosity of WIS is notably higher, the reaction heterogeneity of the electrodes is quantified with x-ray absorption spectroscopic imaging, visualizing the kinetic limitations of the WIS electrolyte. This work furthers the mechanistic understanding of electrode-WIS electrolyte interactions and paves the way to explore the strategy to mitigate their possible kinetic limitations in three-dimensional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hung Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Ke Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mingyuan Ge
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Lisa M. Housel
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alison H. McCarthy
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Mallory N. Vila
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Chonghang Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Xianghui Xiao
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Wah-Keat Lee
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Kenneth J. Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Esther S. Takeuchi
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Energy and Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Amy C. Marschilok
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Energy and Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
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24
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Jung CH, Kim KH, Hong SH. Stable Silicon Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries through Covalent Bond Formation with a Binder via Esterification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26753-26763. [PMID: 31276371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is considered to be one of the most promising anode candidates for next-generation lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity and low discharge potential. However, its poor cyclability, caused by tremendous volume change during cycling, prevents commercial use of the Si anode. Herein, we demonstrate a high-performance Si anode produced via covalent bond formation between a commercially available Si nanopowder and a linear polymeric binder through an esterification reaction. For efficient ester bonding, polyacrylic acid, composed of -COOH groups, is selected as the binder, Si is treated with piranha solution to produce abundant -OH groups on its surface, and sodium hypophosphite is employed as a catalyst. The as-fabricated electrode exhibits excellent high rate capability and long cycle stability, delivering a high capacity of 1500 mA h g-1 after 500 cycles at a high current density of 1000 mA g-1 by effectively restraining the susceptible sliding of the binder, stabilizing the solid electrolyte interface layer, preventing the electrode delamination, and suppressing the Si aggregation. Furthermore, a full cell is fabricated with as-fabricated Si as an anode and commercially available LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 as a cathode, and its electrochemical properties are investigated for the possibility of practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Ho Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Hyeon Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials , Seoul National University , Seoul 151-744 , Republic of Korea
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25
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Osterhoff M, Robisch AL, Soltau J, Eckermann M, Kalbfleisch S, Carbone D, Johansson U, Salditt T. Focus characterization of the NanoMAX Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror system. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1173-1180. [PMID: 31274441 PMCID: PMC6613126 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519003886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The focusing and coherence properties of the NanoMAX Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror system at the fourth-generation MAX IV synchrotron in Lund have been characterized. The direct measurement of nano-focused X-ray beams is possible by scanning of an X-ray waveguide, serving basically as an ultra-thin slit. In quasi-coherent operation, beam sizes of down to 56 nm (FWHM, horizontal direction) can be achieved. Comparing measured Airy-like fringe patterns with simulations, the degree of coherence |μ| has been quantified as a function of the secondary source aperture (SSA); the coherence is larger than 50% for SSA sizes below 11 µm at hard X-ray energies of 14 keV. For an SSA size of 5 µm, the degree of coherence has been determined to be 87%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Osterhoff
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence e-mail:
| | - Anna-Lena Robisch
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Soltau
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marina Eckermann
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Dina Carbone
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 22484 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Johansson
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Fotongatan 2, 22484 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tim Salditt
- Institut für Röntgenphysik, Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Three-dimensional alteration of neurites in schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:85. [PMID: 30755587 PMCID: PMC6372695 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia suggest alteration of cerebral neurons. However, the physical basis of the schizophrenia symptoms has not been delineated at the cellular level. Here, we report nanometer-scale three-dimensional analysis of brain tissues of schizophrenia and control cases. Structures of cerebral tissues of the anterior cingulate cortex were visualized with synchrotron radiation nanotomography. Tissue constituents visualized in the three-dimensional images were traced to build Cartesian coordinate models of tissue constituents, such as neurons and blood vessels. The obtained Cartesian coordinates were used for calculating curvature and torsion of neurites in order to analyze their geometry. Results of the geometric analyses indicated that the curvature of neurites is significantly different between schizophrenia and control cases. The mean curvature of distal neurites of the schizophrenia cases was ~1.5 times higher than that of the controls. The schizophrenia case with the highest neurite curvature carried a frame shift mutation in the GLO1 gene, suggesting that oxidative stress due to the GLO1 mutation caused the structural alteration of the neurites. The differences in the neurite curvature result in differences in the spatial trajectory and hence alter neuronal circuits. It has been shown that the anterior cingulate cortex analyzed in this study has emotional and cognitive functions. We suggest that the structural alteration of neurons in the schizophrenia cases should reflect psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Wang Y, Fu X, Zheng M, Zhong WH, Cao G. Strategies for Building Robust Traffic Networks in Advanced Energy Storage Devices: A Focus on Composite Electrodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804204. [PMID: 30556176 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The charge transport system in an energy storage device (ESD) fundamentally controls the electrochemical performance and device safety. As the skeleton of the charge transport system, the "traffic" networks connecting the active materials are primary structural factors controlling the transport of ions/electrons. However, with the development of ESDs, it becomes very critical but challenging to build traffic networks with rational structures and mechanical robustness, which can support high energy density, fast charging and discharging capability, cycle stability, safety, and even device flexibility. This is especially true for ESDs with high-capacity active materials (e.g., sulfur and silicon), which show notable volume change during cycling. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cost-effective strategies to realize robust transport networks, and an in-depth understanding of the roles of their structures and properties in device performance. To address this urgent need, the primary strategies reported recently are summarized here into three categories according to their controllability over ion-transport networks, electron-transport networks, or both of them. More specifically, the significant studies on active materials, binders, electrode designs based on various templates, pore additives, etc., are introduced accordingly. Finally, significant challenges and opportunities for building robust charge transport system in next-generation energy storage devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Xuewei Fu
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Wei-Hong Zhong
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Guozhong Cao
- Department of Materials and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-2120, USA
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Yang Z, Chen T, Wu C, Qu J, Wu Z, Guo X, Zhong B, Liu H, Dou S. Interpreting Abnormal Charge-Discharge Plateau Migration in Cu xS during Long-Term Cycling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:3961-3970. [PMID: 30620185 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Voltage polarization during cycling, the charge potential increase of anode or discharge plateau decrease of cathode, is widely observed and would lower the output voltage. Conversely, an anomalous potential plateau negative migration phenomenon was observed in Cu xS anode of sodium-ion battery. In this study, the background mechanism was clarified from the switch of intercalation-conversion reactions and structure evolution. The dynamic cooperation between intercalation and conversion reactions may root the potential plateau negative migration during cycling. In the initial stage, the intercalation-type reaction with Na3Cu4S4 and Na4Cu2S3 products at 2.13 and 1.92 V would dominate the early migration process of potential plateaus. In the second stage, the conversion-type reaction dominated by Na2S and metallic copper formed at 1.85 and 1.53 V in the later period. The aforementioned results would provide new perspective on the electrochemical behavior of transition-metal sulfide anode and provide a clue for reducing voltage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuguang Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Ting Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Chunjin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jie Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Zhenguo Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Energy , Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollogong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Benhe Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Huakun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollogong , NSW 2522 , Australia
| | - Shixue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials , University of Wollongong , Wollogong , NSW 2522 , Australia
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Dong K, Markötter H, Sun F, Hilger A, Kardjilov N, Banhart J, Manke I. In situ and Operando Tracking of Microstructure and Volume Evolution of Silicon Electrodes by using Synchrotron X-ray Imaging. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:261-269. [PMID: 30296015 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The internal microstructure of a silicon electrode in a lithium ion battery was visualized by operando synchrotron X-ray radioscopy during battery cycling. The silicon particles were found to change their sizes upon lithiation and delithiation and the changes could be quantified. It was found that volume change of a particle is related to its initial size and is also largely determined by the changing surrounding electron-conductive network and internal interface chemical environment (e.g., electrolyte migration, solid-electrolyte interphase propagation) within fractured particles. Moreover, an expansion prolongation phenomenon was discovered whereby some particles continue expanding even after switching the battery current direction and shrinkage would be expected, which is explained by assuming different expansion characteristics of particle cores and outer regions. The study provides new basic insights into processes inside Si particles during lithiation and delithiation and also demonstrates the unique possibilities of operando synchrotron X-ray imaging for studying degradation mechanisms in battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Dong
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Markötter
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fu Sun
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - André Hilger
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolay Kardjilov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Banhart
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109, Berlin, Germany
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