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Ehehalt L, Beleh OM, Priest IC, Mouat JM, Olszewski AK, Ahern BN, Cruz AR, Chi BK, Castro AJ, Kang K, Wang J, Weix DJ. Cross-Electrophile Coupling: Principles, Methods, and Applications in Synthesis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:13397-13569. [PMID: 39591522 PMCID: PMC11638928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 10/11/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024]
Abstract
Cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), defined by us as the cross-coupling of two different σ-electrophiles that is driven by catalyst reduction, has seen rapid progression in recent years. As such, this review aims to summarize the field from its beginnings up until mid-2023 and to provide comprehensive coverage on synthetic methods and current state of mechanistic understanding. Chapters are split by type of bond formed, which include C(sp3)-C(sp3), C(sp2)-C(sp2), C(sp2)-C(sp3), and C(sp2)-C(sp) bond formation. Additional chapters include alkene difunctionalization, alkyne difunctionalization, and formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. Each chapter is generally organized with an initial summary of mechanisms followed by detailed figures and notes on methodological developments and ending with application notes in synthesis. While XEC is becoming an increasingly utilized approach in synthesis, its early stage of development means that optimal catalysts, ligands, additives, and reductants are still in flux. This review has collected data on these and various other aspects of the reactions to capture the state of the field. Finally, the data collected on the papers in this review is offered as Supporting Information for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabella C. Priest
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Julianna M. Mouat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alyssa K. Olszewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Ahern
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Alexandro R. Cruz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Benjamin K. Chi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Anthony J. Castro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Kai Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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2
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Su ZM, Deng R, Stahl SS. Zinc and manganese redox potentials in organic solvents and their influence on nickel-catalysed cross-electrophile coupling. Nat Chem 2024; 16:2036-2043. [PMID: 39242931 PMCID: PMC12012851 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01627-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Zinc and manganese are widely used as reductants in synthetic methods, such as nickel-catalysed cross-electrophile coupling (XEC) reactions, but their redox potentials are unknown in organic solvents. Here we show how open-circuit potential measurements may be used to determine the thermodynamic potentials of Zn and Mn in different organic solvents and in the presence of common reaction additives. The impact of these Zn and Mn potentials is analysed for a pair of Ni-catalysed reactions, each showing a preference for one of the two reductants. Ni-catalysed coupling of N-alkyl-2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium reagents (Katritzky salts) with aryl halides are then compared under chemical reaction conditions, using Zn or Mn reductants, and under electrochemical conditions performed at applied potentials corresponding to the Zn and Mn reduction potentials and at potentials optimized to achieve the maximum yield. The collective results illuminate the important role of reductant redox potential in Ni-catalysed XEC reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Ming Su
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruohan Deng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shannon S Stahl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Sato K, Teranishi S, Sakaue A, Karuo Y, Tarui A, Kawai K, Takeda H, Kinashi T, Omote M. Rhodium-catalyzed homo-coupling reaction of aryl Grignard reagents and its application for the synthesis of an integrin inhibitor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1341-1347. [PMID: 38887571 PMCID: PMC11181203 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel Rh-catalyzed one-pot homo-coupling reaction of aryl Grignard reagents was achieved. The reaction with bromobenzenes having an electron-donating group or a halogen substituent gave the corresponding homo-coupling products in good yields, although the reaction using heterocyclic or aliphatic bromides scarcely proceeded. A Rh(III)-bis(aryl) complex, which might be formed from RhCl(PPh3)3 and the aryl Grignard reagents, plays an important role in giving the homo-coupling products in this reaction. Furthermore, we applied the reaction to the synthesis of a novel inhibitor for integrins which is critical for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Satoki Teranishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakaue
- Kyowa Marina Hospital, 4-15-1 Nishinomiyahama, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 662-0934, Japan
| | - Yukiko Karuo
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tarui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Proteo-Drug-Discovery Sciences, Ehime University Proteo-Science Center
- Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan,
| | - Tatsuo Kinashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masaaki Omote
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
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4
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Lei X, Wang Y, Ma S, Jiao P. Purple Light-Promoted Coupling of Bromopyridines with Grignard Reagents via SET. J Org Chem 2024; 89:7148-7155. [PMID: 38718346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Alkyl- and arylpyridines and 2,2'-bipyridines are conventionally prepared by Minisci reactions of pyridines and transition metal-catalyzed coupling reactions of halopyridines. Herein, purple light-promoted radical coupling reactions of 2- or 4-bromopyridines with Grignard reagents in Et2O or a mixture of Et2O and tetrahydrofuran in regular glassware without the need for a transition metal catalyst were disclosed for the first time. Methyl, primary and secondary alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, pyridyl, and alkynyl Grignard reagents were compatible with the protocol. As a result, alkyl- and arylpyridines and 2,2'-bipyridines were easily prepared. Single electron transfer from the Grignard reagent to bromopyridine was stimulated by purple light. An electron extruded from the dimerization of the Grignard reagent worked as the catalyst. Light on/off experiments indicated that constant irradiation was required for product formation. Studies of radical clock substrates verified the involvement of a pyridyl radical from bromopyridine and the noninvolvement of an alkyl or aryl radical from the Grignard reagent. The available proof supports a photoinduced SRN mechanism for the new coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Lei
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- Institute of Rural Revitalization (Institute of Medicine and Health Care), Dezhou University, No. 566 West University Road, Dezhou 253023, China
| | - Peng Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing 100875, China
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5
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Recent Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed C-C Cross-Coupling. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2023_85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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6
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Coupling photocatalytic water oxidation with reductive transformations of organic molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6186. [PMID: 36261445 PMCID: PMC9581948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of readily available and non-toxic water by photocatalytic water splitting is highly attractive in green chemistry. Herein we report that light-induced oxidative half-reaction of water splitting is effectively coupled with reduction of organic compounds, which provides a light-induced avenue to use water as an electron donor to enable reductive transformations of organic substances. The present strategy allows various aryl bromides to undergo smoothly the reductive coupling with Pd/g-C3N4* as the photocatalyst, giving a pollutive reductant-free method for synthesizing biaryl skeletons. Moreover, the use of green visible-light energy endows this process with more advantages including mild conditions and good functional group tolerance. Although this method has some disadvantages such as a use of environmentally unfriendly 1,2-dioxane, an addition of Na2CO3 and so on, it can guide chemists to use water as a reducing agent to develop clean procedures for various organic reactions. While reductive coupling strategies in organic synthesis are crucial, most require additional sacrificial or toxic reagents. Here, authors demonstrate water as mild reducing agent in the photochemical reduction of organic compounds paired with photocatalytic water oxidation.
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Song Z, Huang X, Jiang S, He C, Tang L, Ni Q, Ma M, Chen B, Ma Y. C(sp 2)-C(sp 2) Reductive Cross-Coupling of Triarylphosphines with Aryl Halides by Palladium/Nickel Co-catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:5573-5578. [PMID: 35862269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first general C(sp2)-C(sp2) reductive cross-coupling reaction of diverse triarylphosphines with a wide range of aryl halides by palladium/nickel co-catalysis. This protocol offers a unique route for the synthesis of biaryl compounds via the activation of inert C(Ar)-P bonds. The mechanistic studies demonstrate that the formation of the phosphonium salts in situ plays a key role in the catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Chen He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Qian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry R&D of Hunan Province, and Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, 410081 Changsha, P. R. China
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Charboneau DJ, Hazari N, Huang H, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. Homogeneous Organic Electron Donors in Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Transformations. J Org Chem 2022; 87:7589-7609. [PMID: 35671350 PMCID: PMC9335070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many contemporary organic transformations, such as Ni-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), require a reductant. Typically, heterogeneous reductants, such as Zn0 or Mn0, are used as the electron source in these reactions. Although heterogeneous reductants are highly practical for preparative-scale batch reactions, they can lead to complications in performing reactions on process scale and are not easily compatible with modern applications, such as flow chemistry. In principle, homogeneous organic reductants can address some of the challenges associated with heterogeneous reductants and also provide greater control of the reductant strength, which can lead to new reactivity. Nevertheless, homogeneous organic reductants have rarely been used in XEC. In this Perspective, we summarize recent progress in the use of homogeneous organic electron donors in Ni-catalyzed XEC and related reactions, discuss potential synthetic and mechanistic benefits, describe the limitations that inhibit their implementation, and outline challenges that need to be solved in order for homogeneous organic reductants to be widely utilized in synthetic chemistry. Although our focus is on XEC, our discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of different methods for introducing electrons is general to other reductive transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L Zultanski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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9
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Peng Y, Isshiki R, Muto K, Yamaguchi J. Decarbonylative Reductive Coupling of Aromatic Esters by Nickel and Palladium Catalyst. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Peng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Ryota Isshiki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Kei Muto
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, 513 Wasedatsurumakicho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
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10
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He X, Liu J, Chen G, Xiong B, Xiao X, Chen L, Zhang X, Dong L, Ma X, Lian Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions between Allylic Acetates and gem-Difluorovinyl Tosylate. Org Lett 2022; 24:3538-3543. [PMID: 35511450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of allylic acetates and gem-difluorovinyl tosylate is presented, which first achieves allylic gem-difluoroolefins via C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-electrophile coupling. In addition, this protocol was performed under mild reaction conditions, affording a variety of allylic gem-difluorovinyl arenes in moderate to good yields. Moreover, both linear and branched allylic acetate could produce a linear cross-coupling product exclusively. Mechanistic studies reveal that the reaction involves two different Ni(0)/Ni(II) catalytic cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun He
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Xiao
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Dong
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Lian
- West China School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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11
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Mhaldar PM, Patil MV, Rashinkar GS, Pore DM. Magnetically Recoverable Palladium Nanocatalyst [Pd(II)-Benz-Am-Fe3O4@SiO2] for Ullmann Type Homocoupling of Aryl halides with N2H4 as an Efficient Reductant. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02340-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Di Terlizzi L, Scaringi S, Raviola C, Pedrazzani R, Bandini M, Fagnoni M, Protti S. Visible Light-Driven, Gold(I)-Catalyzed Preparation of Symmetrical (Hetero)biaryls by Homocoupling of Arylazo Sulfones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4863-4872. [PMID: 35316603 PMCID: PMC8981317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of symmetrical (hetero)biaryls via arylazo sulfones has been successfully carried out upon visible light irradiation in the presence of PPh3AuCl as the catalyst. The present protocol led to the efficient synthesis of a wide range of target compounds in an organic-aqueous solvent under photocatalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Scaringi
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlotta Raviola
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pedrazzani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica ″Giacomo Ciamician″, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Bandini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica ″Giacomo Ciamician″, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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13
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Xi L, Du L, Shi Z. Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of polyfluoroarenes with alkyl electrophiles by site-selective C–F bond activation. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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14
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Gao N, Li Y, Teng D. Nickel-catalysed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl bromides and primary alkyl bromides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:3569-3572. [PMID: 35425390 PMCID: PMC8979266 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00010e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of primary alkylated arenes plays an important role in the molecular action of drugs and natural products. The nickel/spiro-bidentate-pyox catalysed cross-electrophile coupling of aryl bromides and primary alkyl bromides was developed for the formation of the Csp2-Csp3 bond, which provided an efficient method for the synthesis of primary alkylated arenes. The reactions could tolerate functional groups such as ester, aldehyde, ketone, ether, benzyl, and imide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanxing Gao
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Yanshun Li
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Dawei Teng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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15
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Sun H, Xiong B, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Lian Z. gem-Difluorovinylation of alkynyl bromoarenes via dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A dual nickel-/palladium-catalyzed gem-difluorovinylation of alkynyl bromoarenes is presented. This method proceeds smoothly to afford various dihydrobenzofuran compounds containing gem-difluorovinyl fragments with excellent stereoselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Sun
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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16
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Kang K, Loud NL, DiBenedetto TA, Weix DJ. A General, Multimetallic Cross-Ullmann Biheteroaryl Synthesis from Heteroaryl Halides and Heteroaryl Triflates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21484-21491. [PMID: 34918908 PMCID: PMC9007723 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite their importance to medicine and materials science, the synthesis of biheteroaryls by cross-coupling remains challenging. We describe here a new, general approach to biheteroaryls: the Ni- and Pd-catalyzed multimetallic cross-Ullmann coupling of heteroaryl halides with triflates. An array of 5-membered, 6-membered, and fused heteroaryl bromides and chlorides, as well as aryl triflates derived from heterocyclic phenols, proved to be viable substrates in this reaction (62 examples, 63 ± 17% average yield). The generality of this approach to biheteroaryls was further demonstrated in 96-well plate format at 10 μmol scale. An array of 96 possible products provided >90% hit rate under a single set of conditions. Further, low-yielding combinations could be rapidly optimized with a single "Toolbox Plate" of ligands, additives, and reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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17
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Charboneau DJ, Huang H, Barth EL, Germe CC, Hazari N, Mercado BQ, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. Tunable and Practical Homogeneous Organic Reductants for Cross-Electrophile Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21024-21036. [PMID: 34846142 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of four new tunable homogeneous organic reductants based on a tetraaminoethylene scaffold are reported. The new reductants have enhanced air stability compared to current homogeneous reductants for metal-mediated reductive transformations, such as cross-electrophile coupling (XEC), and are solids at room temperature. In particular, the weakest reductant is indefinitely stable in air and has a reduction potential of -0.85 V versus ferrocene, which is significantly milder than conventional reductants used in XEC. All of the new reductants can facilitate C(sp2)-C(sp3) Ni-catalyzed XEC reactions and are compatible with complex substrates that are relevant to medicinal chemistry. The reductants span a range of nearly 0.5 V in reduction potential, which allows for control over the rate of electron transfer events in XEC. Specifically, we report a new strategy for controlled alkyl radical generation in Ni-catalyzed C(sp2)-C(sp3) XEC. The key to our approach is to tune the rate of alkyl radical generation from Katritzky salts, which liberate alkyl radicals upon single electron reduction, by varying the redox potentials of the reductant and Katritzky salt utilized in catalysis. Using our method, we perform XEC reactions between benzylic Katritzky salts and aryl halides. The method tolerates a variety of functional groups, some of which are particularly challenging for most XEC transformations. Overall, we expect that our new reductants will both replace conventional homogeneous reductants in current reductive transformations due to their stability and relatively facile synthesis and lead to the development of novel synthetic methods due to their tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Haotian Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Cameron C Germe
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Brandon Q Mercado
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P.O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R Uehling
- Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L Zultanski
- Department of Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
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18
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Xiong B, Chen X, Liu J, Zhang X, Xia Y, Lian Z. Stereoselective gem-Difluorovinylation of gem-Difluorinated Cyclopropanes Enabled by Ni/Pd Cooperative Catalysis. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemeng Chen
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ying Xia
- West China School of Public Health, West China Fourth Hospital, and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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19
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C(sp 3)-C(sp 3) bond formation via nickel-catalyzed deoxygenative homo-coupling of aldehydes/ketones mediated by hydrazine. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3729. [PMID: 34140496 PMCID: PMC8211713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23971-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldehydes and ketones are widely found in biomass resources and play important roles in organic synthesis. However, the direct deoxygenative coupling of aldehydes or ketones to construct C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond remains a scientific challenge. Here we report a nickel−catalyzed reductive homo-coupling of moisture- and air-stable hydrazones generated in-situ from naturally abundant aldehydes and ketones to construct challenging C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond. This transformation has great functional group compatibility and can suit a broad substrate scope with innocuous H2O, N2 and H2 as the by-products. Furthermore, the application in several biological molecules and the transformation of PEEK model demonstrate the generality, practicability, and applicability of this novel methodology. The direct deoxygenative coupling of aldehydes or ketones to construct C(sp3)−C(sp3) bond remains a scientific challenge. Here the authors use a nickel−catalyzed reductive homo-coupling of moisture- and air-stable hydrazones generated in-situ from naturally abundant aldehydes and ketones to construct challenging C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds.
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20
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Schwartz LA, Spielmann K, Swyka RA, Xiang M, Krische MJ. Formate-Mediated Cross-Electrophile Reductive Coupling of Aryl Iodides and Bromopyridines. Isr J Chem 2021; 61:198-301. [PMID: 34334805 PMCID: PMC8323530 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two catalytic systems for the formate-mediated cross-electrophile reductive coupling of 4-iodoansiole with 6-bromopyridines are described. Using homogenous rhodium or heterogeneous palladium catalysts, the product of reductive biaryl cross-coupling could be formed in moderate yield with excellent levels of chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyah A Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall, 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kim Spielmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall, 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert A Swyka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall, 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall, 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael J Krische
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall, 105 E 24 St., Austin, TX 78712, USA
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21
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Nohira I, Chatani N. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling between C(sp 2)–F and C(sp 2)–Cl Bonds by the Reaction of ortho-Fluoro-Aromatic Amides with Aryl Chlorides. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Itsuki Nohira
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)
| | - Naoto Chatani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan)
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22
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Ahmadvand Z, Bayat M. Competition between the Hiyama and Suzuki–Miyaura Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction mechanisms for the formation of some regioselective derivatives of quinoxaline and benzofuran; Which reaction mechanism is more favorable? J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Lv L, Li CJ. Ruthenium catalyzed β-selective alkylation of vinylpyridines with aldehydes/ketones via N 2H 4 mediated deoxygenative couplings. Chem Sci 2020; 12:2870-2875. [PMID: 34164052 PMCID: PMC8179402 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06586b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Umpolung (polarity reversal) tactics of aldehydes/ketones have greatly broadened carbonyl chemistry by enabling transformations with electrophilic reagents and deoxygenative functionalizations. Herein, we report the first ruthenium-catalyzed β-selective alkylation of vinylpyridines with both naturally abundant aromatic and aliphatic aldehyde/ketones via N2H4 mediated deoxygenative couplings. Compared with one-electron umpolung of carbonyls to alcohols, this two-electron umpolung strategy realized reductive deoxygenation targets, which were not only applicable to the regioselective alkylation of a broad range of 2/4-alkene substituted pyridines, but also amenable to challenging 3-vinyl and steric-embedded internal pyridines as well as their analogous heterocyclic structures. Ruthenium-catalyzed β-selective alkylation of vinylpyridines with carbonyls (both aromatic and aliphatic ketones/aldehydes) via N2H4 mediated deoxygenative couplings was achieved.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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24
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Long CY, Ni SF, Su MH, Wang XQ, Tan W. Highly Chemoselective Access to 2,2′-Diaminobiaryls via Ni-Catalyzed Protecting-Group-Free Coupling of 2-Haloanilines. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Long
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Min-Hui Su
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Sciences and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Chemistry and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang 310022, China
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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25
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Xiong B, Wang T, Sun H, Li Y, Kramer S, Cheng GJ, Lian Z. Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling Reactions for the Synthesis of gem-Difluorovinyl Arenes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-therapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Haotian Sun
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-therapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-therapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Søren Kramer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gui-Juan Cheng
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhong Lian
- Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Bio-therapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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26
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Charboneau DJ, Barth EL, Hazari N, Uehling MR, Zultanski SL. A Widely Applicable Dual Catalytic System for Cross-Electrophile Coupling Enabled by Mechanistic Studies. ACS Catal 2020; 10:12642-12656. [PMID: 33628617 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dual catalytic system for cross-electrophile coupling reactions between aryl halides and alkyl halides that features a Ni catalyst, a Co cocatalyst, and a mild homogeneous reductant is described. Mechanistic studies indicate that the Ni catalyst activates the aryl halide, while the Co cocatalyst activates the alkyl halide. This allows the system to be rationally optimized for a variety of substrate classes by simply modifying the loadings of the Ni and Co catalysts based on the reaction product profile. For example, the coupling of aryl bromides and aryl iodides with alkyl bromides, alkyl iodides, and benzyl chlorides is demonstrated using the same Ni and Co catalysts under similar reaction conditions but with different optimal catalyst loadings in each case. Our system is tolerant of numerous functional groups and is capable of coupling heteroaryl halides, di-ortho-substituted aryl halides, pharmaceutically relevant druglike aryl halides, and a diverse range of alkyl halides. Additionally, the dual catalytic platform facilitates a series of selective one-pot three-component cross-electrophile coupling reactions of bromo(iodo)arenes with two distinct alkyl halides. This demonstrates the unique level of control that the platform provides and enables the rapid generation of molecular complexity. The system can be readily utilized for a wide range of applications as all reaction components are commercially available, the reaction is scalable, and toxic amide-based solvents are not required. It is anticipated that this strategy, as well as the underlying mechanistic framework, will be generalizable to other cross-electrophile coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Charboneau
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Emily L. Barth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Nilay Hazari
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, P. O. Box 208107, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Mycah R. Uehling
- Merck & Co., Inc., Discovery Chemistry, HTE and Lead Discovery Capabilities, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Merck & Co., Inc., Department of Process Research and Development, Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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27
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Wang Z, Peng X, Wong HNC. Ligand‐Free Iron‐Catalyzed Homo‐Coupling of Aryllithium Reagents. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Yong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Shui Peng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen P. R. China
| | - Henry N. C. Wong
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) Shenzhen P. R. China
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28
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Entz ED, Russell JEA, Hooker LV, Neufeldt SR. Small Phosphine Ligands Enable Selective Oxidative Addition of Ar-O over Ar-Cl Bonds at Nickel(0). J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15454-15463. [PMID: 32805116 PMCID: PMC8082739 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current methods for Suzuki-Miyaura couplings of nontriflate phenol derivatives are limited by their intolerance of halides including aryl chlorides. This is because Ni(0) and Pd(0) often undergo oxidative addition of organohalides at a similar or faster rate than most Ar-O bonds. DFT and stoichiometric oxidative addition studies demonstrate that small phosphines, in particular PMe3, are unique in promoting preferential reaction of Ni(0) with aryl tosylates and other C-O bonds in the presence of aryl chlorides. This selectivity was exploited in the first Ni-catalyzed C-O-selective Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of chlorinated phenol derivatives where the oxygen-containing leaving group is not a fluorinated sulfonate such as triflate. Computational studies suggest that the origin of divergent selectivity between PMe3 and other phosphines differs from prior examples of ligand-controlled chemodivergent cross-couplings. PMe3 effects selective reaction at tosylate due to both electronic and steric factors. A close interaction between nickel and a sulfonyl oxygen of tosylate during oxidative addition is critical to the observed selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. Entz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - John E. A. Russell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | | | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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29
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Cao D, Chen Z, Lv L, Zeng H, Peng Y, Li CJ. Light-Driven Metal-Free Direct Deoxygenation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions. iScience 2020; 23:101419. [PMID: 32798970 PMCID: PMC7452908 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyl is widely found in organic molecules as functional group and its deprivation plays an inevitable role in organic synthesis. However, the direct cleavage of Csp3-O bond in alcohols with high selectivity and efficiency, especially without the assistance of metal catalyst, has been a formidable challenge because of its strong bond dissociation energy and unfavorable thermodynamics. Herein, an efficient metal-free strategy that enables direct deoxygenation of alcohols has been developed for the first time, with hydrazine as the reductant induced by light. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group tolerance, and abundant and easily available starting materials, rendering selective deoxygenation of a variety of 1° and 2° alcohols, vicinal diols, and β-1 and even β-O-4 models of natural wood lignin. This strategy is also highlighted by its “traceless” and non-toxic by-products N2 and H2, as readily escapable gases. Mechanistic studies demonstrated dimethyl sulfide being a key intermediate in this transformation. Metal-free direct deoxygenation of alcohols enabled by light Traceless non-toxic N2 and H2 as by-products Broad substrate scope and wide functional group compatibility Converting lignin models into simple aromatics
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Cao
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada; Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China; The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhangpei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Technology and Electron Microscopy Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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30
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Mo Y, Lu Z, Rughoobur G, Patil P, Gershenfeld N, Akinwande AI, Buchwald SL, Jensen KF. Microfluidic electrochemistry for single-electron transfer redox-neutral reactions. Science 2020; 368:1352-1357. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba3823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Mo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhaohong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Girish Rughoobur
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Prashant Patil
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Neil Gershenfeld
- Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Akintunde I. Akinwande
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen L. Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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31
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Kang K, Huang L, Weix DJ. Sulfonate Versus Sulfonate: Nickel and Palladium Multimetallic Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Aryl Triflates with Aryl Tosylates. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10634-10640. [PMID: 32486635 PMCID: PMC7373434 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While phenols are frequent and convenient aryl sources in cross-coupling, typically as sulfonate esters, the direct cross-Ullmann coupling of two different sulfonate esters is unknown. We report here a general solution to this challenge catalyzed by a combination of Ni and Pd with Zn reductant and LiBr as an additive. The reaction has broad scope, as demonstrated in 33 examples (65% ± 11% average yield). Mechanistic studies show that Pd strongly prefers the aryl triflate, the Ni catalyst has a small preference for the aryl tosylate, aryl transfer between catalysts is mediated by Zn, and Pd improves yields by consuming arylzinc intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Kang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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32
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Wang G, Wu Z, Liang Y, Liu W, Zhan H, Song M, Sun Y. Exploring the coordination confinement effect of divalent palladium/zero palladium doped polyaniline-networking: As an excellent-performance nanocomposite catalyst for C-C coupling reactions. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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33
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Li C, Kan J, Qiu Z, Li J, Lv L, Li C. Synergistic Relay Reactions To Achieve Redox‐Neutral α‐Alkylations of Olefinic Alcohols with Ruthenium(II) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Chen Li
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jian Kan
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Yangqiao West Road 155 Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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Dewanji A, Bülow RF, Rueping M. Photoredox/Nickel Dual-Catalyzed Reductive Cross Coupling of Aryl Halides Using an Organic Reducing Agent. Org Lett 2020; 22:1611-1617. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dewanji
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Raoul F. Bülow
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Li C, Kan J, Qiu Z, Li J, Lv L, Li C. Synergistic Relay Reactions To Achieve Redox‐Neutral α‐Alkylations of Olefinic Alcohols with Ruthenium(II) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:4544-4549. [PMID: 31904892 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen‐Chen Li
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jian Kan
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Structural ChemistryFujian Institute of Research on the Structure of MatterChinese Academy of Sciences Yangqiao West Road 155 Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Leiyang Lv
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Chao‐Jun Li
- Department of ChemistryMcGill University 801 Sherbrook West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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36
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Yang Y, Luo G, Li Y, Tong X, He M, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zheng Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling for Transforming Unactivated Aryl Electrophiles into β-Fluoroethylarenes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:156-162. [PMID: 31755237 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a facile synthetic method for converting unactivated (hetero)aryl electrophiles into β-fluoroethylated (hetero)arenes via nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-couplings. This coupling reaction features the involvement of FCH2 CH2 radical intermediate rather than β-fluoroethyl manganese species which provides effective solutions to the problematic β-fluoride side eliminations. The practical value of this protocol is further demonstrated by the late-stage modification of several complex ArCl or ArOH-derived bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Gen Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Youlin Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Xia Tong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Mengmeng He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Hongyao Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, 778 Binghe Road, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
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37
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Qiu Z, Pham HDM, Li J, Li CC, Castillo-Pazos DJ, Khaliullin RZ, Li CJ. Light-enabled metal-free pinacol coupling by hydrazine. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10937-10943. [PMID: 32190250 PMCID: PMC7066673 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03737c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A light-driven pinacol coupling protocol without any metals, but with N2H4 as a clean non-metallic hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reductant was described.
Efficient carbon–carbon bond formation is of great importance in modern organic synthetic chemistry. The pinacol coupling discovered over a century ago is still one of the most efficient coupling reactions to build the C–C bond in one step. However, traditional pinacol coupling often requires over-stoichiometric amounts of active metals as reductants, causing long-lasting metal waste issues and sustainability concerns. A great scientific challenge is to design a metal-free approach to the pinacol coupling reaction. Herein, we describe a light-driven pinacol coupling protocol without use of any metals, but with N2H4, used as a clean non-metallic hydrogen-atom-transfer (HAT) reductant. In this transformation, only traceless non-toxic N2 and H2 gases were produced as by-products with a relatively broad aromatic ketone scope and good functional group tolerance. A combined experimental and computational investigation of the mechanism suggests that this novel pinacol coupling reaction proceeds via a HAT process between photo-excited ketone and N2H4, instead of the common single-electron-transfer (SET) process for metal reductants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Hanh D M Pham
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Chen-Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Durbis J Castillo-Pazos
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Rustam Z Khaliullin
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry , FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. W. , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada . ;
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38
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Lv L, Zhu D, Qiu Z, Li J, Li CJ. Nickel-Catalyzed Regioselective Hydrobenzylation of 1,3-Dienes with Hydrazones. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dianhu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Zihang Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Jianbin Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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39
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Nayak MK, Mukhi P, Mohanty A, Rana SS, Arora R, Narjinari H, Roy S. Ni(II)/Al(0) mediated benzylic $$\hbox {Csp}^{3}$$-$$\hbox {Csp}^{3}$$ coupling in aqueous media. J CHEM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-019-1638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Lv L, Zhu D, Li CJ. Direct dehydrogenative alkyl Heck-couplings of vinylarenes with umpolung aldehydes catalyzed by nickel. Nat Commun 2019; 10:715. [PMID: 30755610 PMCID: PMC6372677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkenes are fundamental functionalities in nature and highly useful intermediates in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry and material sciences. Transition-metal-catalyzed Heck couplings with organic halides as electrophiles have been established as a powerful protocol for the synthesis of this valuable building block. However, the requirement of organic halides and the generation of stoichiometric hazardous halide wastes may cause significant sustainable concerns. The halide-free oxidative Heck alkenylations involving organometallics or arenes as the coupling partners provide a facile and alternative pathway. Nonetheless, stoichiometric amounts of extra oxidant are essential in most cases. Herein, we present a direct dehydrogenative alkyl Heck-coupling reaction under oxidant-free conditions, liberating hydrogen, nitrogen and water as the side products. Excellent regioselectivity is achieved via neighboring oxygen atom coordination. Broad substrate scope, great functional group (ketone, ester, phenol, free amine, amide etc) tolerance and modification of pharmaceutical candidates and biological molecules exemplified its generality and practicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiyang Lv
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Dianhu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FRQNT Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada.
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41
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Mahajan B, Mujawar T, Ghosh S, Pabbaraja S, Singh AK. Micro-electro-flow reactor (μ-EFR) system for ultra-fast arene synthesis and manufacture of daclatasvir. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11852-11855. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06127d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Electro-micro flow reactor containing Pt@Ni@Cu anode materials for reductant free biaryl synthesis, further extended to daclatasvir synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Mahajan
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Taufiqueahmed Mujawar
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Subhash Ghosh
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
| | - Srihari Pabbaraja
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Ajay K. Singh
- Division of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad-500007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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