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Liu HL, Nan H, Zhao WW, Wan XB, Fan XJ. Phase separation in DNA double-strand break response. Nucleus 2024; 15:2296243. [PMID: 38146123 PMCID: PMC10761171 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2023.2296243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) is the most dangerous type of DNA damage, which may lead to cell death or oncogenic mutations. Homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) are two typical DSB repair mechanisms. Recently, many studies have revealed that liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) plays a pivotal role in DSB repair and response. Through LLPS, the crucial biomolecules are quickly recruited to damaged sites with a high concentration to ensure DNA repair is conducted quickly and efficiently, which facilitates DSB repair factors activating downstream proteins or transmitting signals. In addition, the dysregulation of the DSB repair factor's phase separation has been reported to promote the development of a variety of diseases. This review not only provides a comprehensive overview of the emerging roles of LLPS in the repair of DSB but also sheds light on the regulatory patterns of phase separation in relation to the DNA damage response (DDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Lei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest AF University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Nan
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest AF University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan-Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Bo Wan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Juan Fan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P.R. China
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2
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Ali U, Vungarala S, Tiriveedhi V. Genomic Features of Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Breast Cancer: Impact on Testing and Immunotherapy. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:162. [PMID: 38397152 PMCID: PMC10887603 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is one of the well-established hallmarks of cancer. The homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway plays a critical role in correcting the double-stranded breaks (DSB) due to DNA damage in human cells. Traditionally, the BRCA1/2 genes in the HRR pathway have been tested for their association with breast cancer. However, defects in the HRR pathway (HRD, also termed 'BRCAness'), which has up to 50 genes, have been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and treatment susceptibility to poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis), platinum-based chemotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A reliable consensus on HRD scores is yet to be established. Emerging evidence suggests that only a subset of breast cancer patients benefit from ICI-based immunotherapy. Currently, albeit with limitations, the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) are utilized as biomarkers to predict the favorable outcomes of ICI therapy in breast cancer patients. Preclinical studies demonstrate an interplay between the HRR pathway and PDL1 expression. In this review, we outline the current understanding of the role of HRD in genomic instability leading to breast tumorigenesis and delineate outcomes from various clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss potential strategies for combining HRD-targeted therapy with immunotherapy to achieve the best healthcare outcomes in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umer Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Sunitha Vungarala
- Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Venkataswarup Tiriveedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
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3
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Khamidullina AI, Abramenko YE, Bruter AV, Tatarskiy VV. Key Proteins of Replication Stress Response and Cell Cycle Control as Cancer Therapy Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1263. [PMID: 38279263 PMCID: PMC10816012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome the consequences of improper replication control, malignant cells frequently inactivate parts of their DNA damage response (DDR) pathways (the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway), while relying on other pathways which help to maintain replication fork stability (ATR-CHK1). This creates a dependency on the remaining DDR pathways, vulnerability to further destabilization of replication and synthetic lethality of DDR inhibitors with common oncogenic alterations such as mutations of TP53, RB1, ATM, amplifications of MYC, CCNE1 and others. The response to RS is normally limited by coordination of cell cycle, transcription and replication. Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 kinases, which prevent unscheduled mitosis entry, leads to fragility of under-replicated sites. Recent evidence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets-ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina I. Khamidullina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav E. Abramenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Yang X, Li G, Lou P, Zhang M, Yao K, Xiao J, Chen Y, Xu J, Tian S, Deng M, Pan Y, Li M, Wu X, Liu R, Shi X, Tian Y, Yu L, Ke H, Jiao B, Cong Y, Plikus MV, Liu X, Yu Z, Lv C. Excessive nucleic acid R-loops induce mitochondria-dependent epithelial cell necroptosis and drive spontaneous intestinal inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307395120. [PMID: 38157451 PMCID: PMC10769860 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307395120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, which can be activated by a variety of environmental risk factors, has been implicated as an important pathogenic factor for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, how oxidative stress drives IBD onset remains elusive. Here, we found that oxidative stress was strongly activated in inflamed tissues from both ulcerative colitis patients and Crohn's disease patients, and it caused nuclear-to-cytosolic TDP-43 transport and a reduction in the TDP-43 protein level. To investigate the function of TDP-43 in IBD, we inducibly deleted exons 2 to 3 of Tardbp (encoding Tdp-43) in mouse intestinal epithelium, which disrupted its nuclear localization and RNA-processing function. The deletion gave rise to spontaneous intestinal inflammation by inducing epithelial cell necroptosis. Suppression of the necroptotic pathway with deletion of Mlkl or the RIP1 inhibitor Nec-1 rescued colitis phenotypes. Mechanistically, disruption of nuclear TDP-43 caused excessive R-loop accumulation, which triggered DNA damage and genome instability and thereby induced PARP1 hyperactivation, leading to subsequent NAD+ depletion and ATP loss, consequently activating mitochondrion-dependent necroptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Importantly, restoration of cellular NAD+ levels with NAD+ or NMN supplementation, as well as suppression of ALKBH7, an α-ketoglutarate dioxygenase in mitochondria, rescued TDP-43 deficiency-induced cell death and intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, TDP-43 protein levels were significantly inversely correlated with γ-H2A.X and p-MLKL levels in clinical IBD samples, suggesting the clinical relevance of TDP-43 deficiency-induced mitochondrion-dependent necroptosis. Taken together, these findings identify a unique pathogenic mechanism that links oxidative stress to intestinal inflammation and provide a potent and valid strategy for IBD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Yang
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
- College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi725000, China
| | - Guilin Li
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Pengbo Lou
- China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing100094, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Kai Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Jintao Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of AI Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqian Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of AI Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiuzhi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Shengyuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Min Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Yuwei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Mengzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Ruiqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Xiaojing Shi
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450052, China
| | - Yuhua Tian
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450052, China
| | - Lu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Hao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650223, China
| | - Baowei Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution of Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650223, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, IL60611
| | - Maksim V. Plikus
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA92697
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan410008, China
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of AI Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengquan Yu
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
| | - Cong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, China
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Butterfield DA. Oxidative damage in neurodegeneration: roles in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:103-197. [PMID: 37843394 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is associated with multiple etiologies and pathological mechanisms, among which oxidative stress (OS) appears as a major determinant. Intriguingly, OS arises in various pathways regulating brain functions, and it seems to link different hypotheses and mechanisms of AD neuropathology with high fidelity. The brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative damage, mainly because of its unique lipid composition, resulting in an amplified cascade of redox reactions that target several cellular components/functions ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. The present review highlights the "OS hypothesis of AD," including amyloid beta-peptide-associated mechanisms, the role of lipid and protein oxidation unraveled by redox proteomics, and the antioxidant strategies that have been investigated to modulate the progression of AD. Collected studies from our groups and others have contributed to unraveling the close relationships between perturbation of redox homeostasis in the brain and AD neuropathology by elucidating redox-regulated events potentially involved in both the pathogenesis and progression of AD. However, the complexity of AD pathological mechanisms requires an in-depth understanding of several major intracellular pathways affecting redox homeostasis and relevant for brain functions. This understanding is crucial to developing pharmacological strategies targeting OS-mediated toxicity that may potentially contribute to slow AD progression as well as improve the quality of life of persons with this severe dementing disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Domenico
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli," Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - D Allan Butterfield
- Department of Chemistry and Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
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6
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Biegała Ł, Gajek A, Szymczak-Pajor I, Marczak A, Śliwińska A, Rogalska A. Targeted inhibition of the ATR/CHK1 pathway overcomes resistance to olaparib and dysregulates DNA damage response protein expression in BRCA2 MUT ovarian cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22659. [PMID: 38114660 PMCID: PMC10730696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50151-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Olaparib is a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) approved for targeted treatment of ovarian cancer (OC). However, its efficacy is impeded by the inevitable occurrence of resistance. Here, we investigated whether the cytotoxic activity of olaparib could be synergistically enhanced in olaparib-resistant OC cells with BRCA2 reversion mutation by the addition of inhibitors of the ATR/CHK1 pathway. Moreover, we provide insights into alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway induced by combination treatments. Antitumor activity of olaparib alone or combined with an ATR inhibitor (ATRi, ceralasertib) or CHK1 inhibitor (CHK1i, MK-8776) was evaluated in OC cell lines sensitive (PEO1, PEO4) and resistant (PEO1-OR) to olaparib. Antibody microarrays were used to explore changes in expression of 27 DDR-related proteins. Olaparib in combination with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors synergistically induced a decrease in viability and clonogenic survival and an increase in apoptosis mediated by caspase-3/7 in all OC cells. Combination treatments induced cumulative alterations in expression of DDR-related proteins mediating distinct DNA repair pathways and cell cycle control. In the presence of ATRi and CHK1i, olaparib-induced upregulation of proteins determining cell fate after DNA damage (PARP1, CHK1, c-Abl, Ku70, Ku80, MDM2, and p21) was abrogated in PEO1-OR cells. Overall, the addition of ATRi or CHK1i to olaparib effectively overcomes resistance to PARPi exerting anti-proliferative effect in BRCA2MUT olaparib-resistant OC cells and alters expression of DDR-related proteins. These new molecular insights into cellular response to olaparib combined with ATR/CHK1 inhibitors might help improve targeted therapies for olaparib-resistant OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Biegała
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 21/23 Jana Matejki Street, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Gajek
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Street, 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska Street, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
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Berico P, Nogaret M, Cigrang M, Lallement A, Vand-Rajabpour F, Flores-Yanke A, Gambi G, Davidson G, Seno L, Obid J, Vokshi BH, Le Gras S, Mengus G, Ye T, Cordero CF, Dalmasso M, Compe E, Bertolotto C, Hernando E, Davidson I, Coin F. Super-enhancer-driven expression of BAHCC1 promotes melanoma cell proliferation and genome stability. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113363. [PMID: 37924516 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers (SEs) are stretches of enhancers ensuring a high level of expression of key genes associated with cell function. The identification of cancer-specific SE-driven genes is a powerful means for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies. Here, we identify a MITF/SOX10/TFIIH-dependent SE promoting the expression of BAHCC1 in a broad panel of melanoma cells. BAHCC1 is highly expressed in metastatic melanoma and is required for tumor engraftment, growth, and dissemination. Integrative genomics analyses reveal that BAHCC1 is a transcriptional regulator controlling expression of E2F/KLF-dependent cell-cycle and DNA-repair genes. BAHCC1 associates with BRG1-containing remodeling complexes at the promoters of these genes. BAHCC1 silencing leads to decreased cell proliferation and delayed DNA repair. Consequently, BAHCC1 deficiency cooperates with PARP inhibition to induce melanoma cell death. Our study identifies BAHCC1 as an SE-driven gene expressed in melanoma and demonstrates how its inhibition can be exploited as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Berico
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France; Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Maguelone Nogaret
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Max Cigrang
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Antonin Lallement
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Fatemeh Vand-Rajabpour
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amanda Flores-Yanke
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Giovanni Gambi
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Guillaume Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Leane Seno
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Julian Obid
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Bujamin H Vokshi
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Stephanie Le Gras
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Gabrielle Mengus
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Tao Ye
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Carlos Fernandez Cordero
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mélanie Dalmasso
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer 2020" and Equipe labellisée "Fondation ARC 2022", Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Compe
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France; INSERM, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Equipe labellisée "Ligue contre le Cancer 2020" and Equipe labellisée "Fondation ARC 2022", Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Frédéric Coin
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Equipe Labéllisée, "Ligue contre le Cancer 2022", BP 163, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C.U. Strasbourg, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, 67404 Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
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8
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O’Sullivan J, Kothari C, Caron MC, Gagné JP, Jin Z, Nonfoux L, Beneyton A, Coulombe Y, Thomas M, Atalay N, Meng X, Milano L, Jean D, Boisvert FM, Kaufmann S, Hendzel M, Masson JY, Poirier G. ZNF432 stimulates PARylation and inhibits DNA resection to balance PARPi sensitivity and resistance. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:11056-11079. [PMID: 37823600 PMCID: PMC10639050 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger (ZNF) motifs are some of the most frequently occurring domains in the human genome. It was only recently that ZNF proteins emerged as key regulators of genome integrity in mammalian cells. In this study, we report a new role for the Krüppel-type ZNF-containing protein ZNF432 as a novel poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) reader that regulates the DNA damage response. We show that ZNF432 is recruited to DNA lesions via DNA- and PAR-dependent mechanisms. Remarkably, ZNF432 stimulates PARP-1 activity in vitro and in cellulo. Knockdown of ZNF432 inhibits phospho-DNA-PKcs and increases RAD51 foci formation following irradiation. Moreover, purified ZNF432 preferentially binds single-stranded DNA and impairs EXO1-mediated DNA resection. Consequently, the loss of ZNF432 in a cellular system leads to resistance to PARP inhibitors while its overexpression results in sensitivity. Taken together, our results support the emerging concept that ZNF-containing proteins can modulate PARylation, which can be embodied by the pivotal role of ZNF432 to finely balance the outcome of PARPi response by regulating homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia O’Sullivan
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Charu Kothari
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QCG1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Caron
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QCG1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Zhigang Jin
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Louis Nonfoux
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QCG1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Adèle Beneyton
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Yan Coulombe
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Mélissa Thomas
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Nurgul Atalay
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - X Wei Meng
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larissa Milano
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Dominique Jean
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - François-Michel Boisvert
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michael J Hendzel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QCG1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Guy G Poirier
- CHU de Québec Research Center, CHUL Pavilion, Oncology Division, Laval University Cancer Research Center, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec City, QCG1V 4G2, Canada
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9
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Bowling GC, Swargaloganathan P, Heintz C, Madan RA, Eldhose B, Dobi A, Chesnut GT. Hematological Toxicities with PARP Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Phase II/III Randomized Controlled Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4904. [PMID: 37835597 PMCID: PMC10571760 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) are an important class of therapeutics for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Unlike hormone-based treatments for mCRPC, PARPis are not without drug-related hematological adverse events. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on hematological toxicities, including anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia from PARPis in prostate cancer. STUDY METHODOLOGY A systematic review and meta-analysis using the PRISMA guidelines was performed for phase II and III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PARPis in prostate cancer. PubMed, Embase, and Ovid All EBM reviews-Cochrane were queried from inception to 9 June 2023. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to report risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all-grade and high-grade anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia toxicities. RESULTS The systematic review retrieved eight phase II and III RCTs; specifically, eight were included in the anemia, five in the all-grade thrombocytopenia and neutropenia, and four in the high-grade thrombocytopenia and neutropenia outcomes. Compared to a placebo and/or other non-PARPi treatments, PARPi use was associated with an increased risk of all-grade anemia (RR, 3.37; 95% CI, 2.37-4.79; p < 0.00001), thrombocytopenia (RR, 4.54; 95% CI, 1.97-10.44; p = 0.0004), and neutropenia (RR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.60-6.03; p = 0.0008). High-grade anemia (RR, 6.94; 95% CI, 4.06-11.86; p < 0.00001) and thrombocytopenia (RR, 5.52; 95% CI, 2.80-10.88; p < 0.00001) were also associated with an increased risk, while high-grade neutropenia (RR, 3.63; 95% CI, 0.77-17.23; p = 0.10) showed no significant association. Subgroup stratification analyses showed differences in various all-grade and high-grade toxicities. CONCLUSION PARPis were associated with an increased risk of hematological AEs. Future studies with more pooled RCTs will enhance this understanding and continue to inform patient-physician shared decision-making. Future studies may also have a role in improving the current management strategies for these AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gartrell C. Bowling
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | | | - Carly Heintz
- School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Ravi A. Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Binil Eldhose
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Albert Dobi
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Gregory T. Chesnut
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Murtha Cancer Center Research Program, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
- Urology Service, Walter Reed National Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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Ayala-Zambrano C, Yuste M, Frias S, Garcia-de-Teresa B, Mendoza L, Azpeitia E, Rodríguez A, Torres L. A Boolean network model of the double-strand break repair pathway choice. J Theor Biol 2023; 573:111608. [PMID: 37595867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Double strand break (DSB) repair is critical to maintaining the integrity of the genome. DSB repair deficiency underlies multiple pathologies, including cancer, chromosome instability syndromes, and, potentially, neurodevelopmental defects. DSB repair is mainly handled by two pathways: highly accurate homologous recombination (HR), which requires a sister chromatid for template-based repair, limited to S/G2 phases of the cell cycle, and canonical non-homologous end joining (c-NHEJ), available throughout the cell cycle in which minimum homology is sufficient for highly efficient yet error-prone repair. Some circumstances, such as cancer, require alternative highly mutagenic DSB repair pathways like microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) and single-strand annealing (SSA), which are triggered to attend to DNA damage. These non-canonical repair alternatives are emerging as prominent drivers of resistance in drug-based tumor therapies. Multiple DSB repair options require tight inter-pathway regulation to prevent unscheduled activities. In addition to this complexity, epigenetic modifications of the histones surrounding the DSB region are emerging as critical regulators of the DSB repair pathway choice. Modeling approaches to understanding DSBs repair pathway choice are advantageous to perform simulations and generate predictions on previously uncharacterized aspects of DSBs response. In this work, we present a Boolean network model of the DSB repair pathway choice that incorporates the knowledge, into a dynamic system, of the inter-pathways regulation involved in DSB repair, i.e., HR, c-NHEJ, SSA, and MMEJ. Our model recapitulates the well-characterized HR activity observed in wild-type cells in response to DSBs. It also recovers clinically relevant behaviors of BRCA1/FANCS mutants, and their corresponding drug resistance mechanisms ascribed to DNA repair gain-of-function pathogenic variants. Since epigenetic modifiers are dynamic and possible druggable targets, we incorporated them into our model to better characterize their involvement in DSB repair. Our model predicted that loss of the TIP60 complex and its corresponding histone acetylation activity leads to activation of SSA in response to DSBs. Our experimental validation showed that TIP60 effectively prevents activation of RAD52, a key SSA executor, and confirms the suitable use of Boolean network modeling for understanding DNA DSB repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Ayala-Zambrano
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mariana Yuste
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Sara Frias
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico; Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Eugenio Azpeitia
- Centro de Ciencias Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
| | - Leda Torres
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México 04530, Mexico.
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11
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Novak EA, Crawford EC, Mentrup HL, Griffith BD, Fletcher DM, Flanagan MR, Schneider C, Firek B, Rogers MB, Morowitz MJ, Piganelli JD, Wang Q, Mollen KP. Epithelial NAD + depletion drives mitochondrial dysfunction and contributes to intestinal inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231700. [PMID: 37744380 PMCID: PMC10512956 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We have previously demonstrated that a pathologic downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) within the intestinal epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism underlying downregulation of PGC1α expression and activity during IBD is not yet clear. Methods Mice (male; C57Bl/6, Villincre/+;Pgc1afl/fl mice, and Pgc1afl/fl) were subjected to experimental colitis and treated with nicotinamide riboside. Western blot, high-resolution respirometry, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) quantification, and immunoprecipitation were used to in this study. Results We demonstrate a significant depletion in the NAD+ levels within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, as well as humans with ulcerative colitis. While we found no decrease in the levels of NAD+-synthesizing enzymes within the intestinal epithelium of mice undergoing experimental colitis, we did find an increase in the mRNA level, as well as the enzymatic activity, of the NAD+-consuming enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1). Treatment of mice undergoing experimental colitis with an NAD+ precursor reduced the severity of colitis, restored mitochondrial function, and increased active PGC1α levels; however, NAD+ repletion did not benefit transgenic mice that lack PGC1α within the intestinal epithelium, suggesting that the therapeutic effects require an intact PGC1α axis. Discussion Our results emphasize the importance of PGC1α expression to both mitochondrial health and homeostasis within the intestinal epithelium and suggest a novel therapeutic approach for disease management. These findings also provide a mechanistic basis for clinical trials of nicotinamide riboside in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Erin C. Crawford
- Division of Gastroenterology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heather L. Mentrup
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian D. Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - David M. Fletcher
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | - Corinne Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brian Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Matthew B. Rogers
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jon D. Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pathology, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kevin P. Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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12
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Pinedo-Carpio E, Dessapt J, Beneyton A, Sacre L, Bérubé MA, Villot R, Lavoie EG, Coulombe Y, Blondeau A, Boulais J, Malina A, Luo VM, Lazaratos AM, Côté JF, Mallette FA, Guarné A, Masson JY, Fradet-Turcotte A, Orthwein A. FIRRM cooperates with FIGNL1 to promote RAD51 disassembly during DNA repair. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf4082. [PMID: 37556550 PMCID: PMC10411901 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs) represent complex lesions that compromise genomic stability. Several pathways have been involved in ICL repair, but the extent of factors involved in the resolution of ICL-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) remains poorly defined. Using CRISPR-based genomics, we identified FIGNL1 interacting regulator of recombination and mitosis (FIRRM) as a sensitizer of the ICL-inducing agent mafosfamide. Mechanistically, we showed that FIRRM, like its interactor Fidgetin like 1 (FIGNL1), contributes to the resolution of RAD51 foci at ICL-induced DSBs. While the stability of FIGNL1 and FIRRM is interdependent, expression of a mutant of FIRRM (∆WCF), which stabilizes the protein in the absence of FIGNL1, allows the resolution of RAD51 foci and cell survival, suggesting that FIRRM has FIGNL1-independent function during DNA repair. In line with this model, FIRRM binds preferentially single-stranded DNA in vitro, raising the possibility that it directly contributes to RAD51 disassembly by interacting with DNA. Together, our findings establish FIRRM as a promoting factor of ICL repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pinedo-Carpio
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Julien Dessapt
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Adèle Beneyton
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lauralicia Sacre
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Marie-Anne Bérubé
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Romain Villot
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Elise G. Lavoie
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yan Coulombe
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Andréanne Blondeau
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Abba Malina
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Vincent M. Luo
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Anna-Maria Lazaratos
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Frédérick A. Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7 Canada
| | - Alba Guarné
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Amélie Fradet-Turcotte
- CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval (L’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Laval University Cancer Research Center, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3T2, Canada
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Herrmann GK, Yin YW. The Role of Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase 1 in Nuclear and Mitochondrial Base Excision Repair. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1195. [PMID: 37627260 PMCID: PMC10452840 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) Polymerase 1 (PARP-1), also known as ADP-ribosyl transferase with diphtheria toxin homology 1 (ARTD-1), is a critical player in DNA damage repair, during which it catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of self and target enzymes. While the nuclear localization of PARP-1 has been well established, recent studies also suggest its mitochondrial localization. In this review, we summarize the differences between mitochondrial and nuclear Base Excision Repair (BER) pathways, the involvement of PARP-1 in mitochondrial and nuclear BER, and its functional interplay with other BER enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey K. Herrmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Y. Whitney Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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14
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Svetlova M, Solovjeva L, Kropotov A, Nikiforov A. The Impact of NAD Bioavailability on DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Capacity in Human Dermal Fibroblasts after Ionizing Radiation. Cells 2023; 12:1518. [PMID: 37296639 PMCID: PMC10252650 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) serves as a substrate for protein deacetylases sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases, which are involved in the regulation of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair molecular machinery by various mechanisms. However, the impact of NAD bioavailability on DSB repair remains poorly characterized. Herein, using immunocytochemical analysis of γH2AX, a marker for DSB, we investigated the effect of the pharmacological modulation of NAD levels on DSB repair capacity in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR). We demonstrated that NAD boosting with nicotinamide riboside did not affect the efficiency of DSB elimination after the exposure of cells to IR at 1 Gy. Moreover, even after irradiation at 5 Gy, we did not observe any decrease in intracellular NAD content. We also showed that, when the NAD pool was almost completely depleted by inhibition of its biosynthesis from nicotinamide, cells were still able to eliminate IR-induced DSB, though the activation of ATM kinase, its colocalization with γH2AX and DSB repair capacity were reduced in comparison to cells with normal NAD levels. Our results suggest that NAD-dependent processes, such as protein deacetylation and ADP-ribosylation, are important but not indispensable for DSB repair induced by moderate doses of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Svetlova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (L.S.); (A.K.)
| | | | | | - Andrey Nikiforov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; (L.S.); (A.K.)
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15
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Longarini EJ, Dauben H, Locatelli C, Wondisford AR, Smith R, Muench C, Kolvenbach A, Lynskey ML, Pope A, Bonfiglio JJ, Jurado EP, Fajka-Boja R, Colby T, Schuller M, Ahel I, Timinszky G, O'Sullivan RJ, Huet S, Matic I. Modular antibodies reveal DNA damage-induced mono-ADP-ribosylation as a second wave of PARP1 signaling. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1743-1760.e11. [PMID: 37116497 PMCID: PMC10205078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
PARP1, an established anti-cancer target that regulates many cellular pathways, including DNA repair signaling, has been intensely studied for decades as a poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase. Although recent studies have revealed the prevalence of mono-ADP-ribosylation upon DNA damage, it was unknown whether this signal plays an active role in the cell or is just a byproduct of poly-ADP-ribosylation. By engineering SpyTag-based modular antibodies for sensitive and flexible detection of mono-ADP-ribosylation, including fluorescence-based sensors for live-cell imaging, we demonstrate that serine mono-ADP-ribosylation constitutes a second wave of PARP1 signaling shaped by the cellular HPF1/PARP1 ratio. Multilevel chromatin proteomics reveals histone mono-ADP-ribosylation readers, including RNF114, a ubiquitin ligase recruited to DNA lesions through a zinc-finger domain, modulating the DNA damage response and telomere maintenance. Our work provides a technological framework for illuminating ADP-ribosylation in a wide range of applications and biological contexts and establishes mono-ADP-ribosylation by HPF1/PARP1 as an important information carrier for cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo José Longarini
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen Dauben
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Carolina Locatelli
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne R Wondisford
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT (Biologie, Santé, Innovation Technologique de Rennes) - UMS 3480, US 018, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Charlotte Muench
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolvenbach
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michelle Lee Lynskey
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexis Pope
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Juan José Bonfiglio
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Pinto Jurado
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT (Biologie, Santé, Innovation Technologique de Rennes) - UMS 3480, US 018, 35000 Rennes, France; Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 6276 Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Multidisciplinary Medical Sciences, University of Szeged, 6276 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roberta Fajka-Boja
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 6276 Szeged, Hungary; Department of Immunology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Colby
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Marion Schuller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Gyula Timinszky
- Laboratory of DNA Damage and Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), 6276 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roderick J O'Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sébastien Huet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR (Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes) - UMR 6290, BIOSIT (Biologie, Santé, Innovation Technologique de Rennes) - UMS 3480, US 018, 35000 Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
| | - Ivan Matic
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-Ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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16
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Dall'Agnese G, Dall'Agnese A, Banani SF, Codrich M, Malfatti MC, Antoniali G, Tell G. Role of condensates in modulating DNA repair pathways and its implication for chemoresistance. J Biol Chem 2023:104800. [PMID: 37164156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
For cells, it is important to repair DNA damage, such as double strand and single strand DNA breaks, because unrepaired DNA can compromise genetic integrity, potentially leading to cell death or cancer. Cells have multiple DNA damage repair pathways that have been the subject of detailed genetic, biochemical, and structural studies. Recently, the scientific community has started to gain evidence that the repair of DNA double strand breaks may occur within biomolecular condensates and that condensates may also contribute to DNA damage through concentrating genotoxic agents used to treat various cancers. Here, we summarize key features of biomolecular condensates and note where they have been implicated in the repair of DNA double strand breaks. We also describe evidence suggesting that condensates may be involved in the repair of other types of DNA damage, including single strand DNA breaks, nucleotide modifications (e.g., mismatch and oxidized bases) and bulky lesions, among others. Finally, we discuss old and new mysteries that could now be addressed considering the properties of condensates, including chemoresistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Dall'Agnese
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Salman F Banani
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 455 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marta Codrich
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matilde Clarissa Malfatti
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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17
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Carney SV, Banerjee K, Mujeeb A, Zhu B, Haase S, Varela ML, Kadiyala P, Tronrud CE, Zhu Z, Mukherji D, Gorla P, Sun Y, Tagett R, Núñez FJ, Luo M, Luo W, Ljungman M, Liu Y, Xia Z, Schwendeman A, Qin T, Sartor MA, Costello JF, Cahill DP, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Zinc Finger MYND-Type Containing 8 (ZMYND8) Is Epigenetically Regulated in Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) Glioma to Promote Radioresistance. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:1763-1782. [PMID: 36692427 PMCID: PMC10159884 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1) alters the epigenetic regulation of chromatin, leading to a hypermethylation phenotype in adult glioma. This work focuses on identifying gene targets epigenetically dysregulated by mIDH1 to confer therapeutic resistance to ionizing radiation (IR). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated changes in the transcriptome and epigenome in a radioresistant mIDH1 patient-derived glioma cell culture (GCC) following treatment with an mIDH1-specific inhibitor, AGI-5198. We identified Zinc Finger MYND-Type Containing 8 (ZMYND8) as a potential target of mIDH1 reprogramming. We suppressed ZMYND8 expression by shRNA knockdown and genetic knockout (KO) in mIDH1 glioma cells and then assessed cellular viability to IR. We assessed the sensitivity of mIDH1 GCCS to pharmacologic inhibition of ZMYND8-interacting partners: HDAC, BRD4, and PARP. RESULTS Inhibition of mIDH1 leads to an upregulation of gene networks involved in replication stress. We found that the expression of ZMYND8, a regulator of DNA damage response, was decreased in three patient-derived mIDH1 GCCs after treatment with AGI-5198. Knockdown of ZMYND8 expression sensitized mIDH1 GCCs to radiotherapy marked by decreased cellular viability. Following IR, mIDH1 glioma cells with ZMYND8 KO exhibit significant phosphorylation of ATM and sustained γH2AX activation. ZMYND8 KO mIDH1 GCCs were further responsive to IR when treated with either BRD4 or HDAC inhibitors. PARP inhibition further enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy in ZMYND8 KO mIDH1 glioma cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the impact of ZMYND8 in the maintenance of genomic integrity and repair of IR-induced DNA damage in mIDH1 glioma. See related commentary by Sachdev et al., p. 1648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V. Carney
- Cancer Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kaushik Banerjee
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anzar Mujeeb
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brandon Zhu
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Santiago Haase
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria L. Varela
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Padma Kadiyala
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Claire E. Tronrud
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Devarshi Mukherji
- Neuroscience, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, the Arts (LSA), Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Preethi Gorla
- Neuroscience, University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, the Arts (LSA), Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yilun Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Tagett
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Felipe J. Núñez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maowu Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX 75390, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Science, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyun Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tingting Qin
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joseph F. Costello
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, 94143 USA
| | - Daniel P. Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, 02114, USA
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Cancer Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Cancer Biology Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biosciences Initiative in Brain Cancer, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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18
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Gillespie MS, Ward CM, Davies CC. DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1897. [PMID: 36980782 PMCID: PMC10047301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs are thus presented as the principal target for elimination during cancer treatment. However, CSCs are challenging to drug target because of numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is the DNA damage response (DDR). CSCs are presumed to possess properties that enable enhanced DNA repair efficiency relative to their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved repair of double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression and splicing fidelity of DNA repair genes, robust activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and elevated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge concerning improved genome integrity in non-transformed stem cells and CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within the DDR for re-sensitising CSCs to genotoxic stressors, and consider the challenges posed regarding unbiased identification of novel DDR-directed strategies in CSCs. A better understanding of the DDR mediating chemo/radioresistance mechanisms in CSCs could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Gillespie
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ciara M. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| | - Clare C. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
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19
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Tisseverasinghe S, Bahoric B, Anidjar M, Probst S, Niazi T. Advances in PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061849. [PMID: 36980735 PMCID: PMC10046616 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase plays an essential role in cell function by regulating apoptosis, genomic stability and DNA repair. PARPi is a promising drug class that has gained significant traction in the last decade with good outcomes in different cancers. Several trials have sought to test its effectiveness in metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). We conducted a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the current role of PARPi in this setting. To this effect, we conducted queries in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases. We reviewed and compared all major contemporary publications on the topic. In particular, recent phase II and III studies have also demonstrated the benefits of olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, talazoparib in CRPC. Drug effectiveness has been assessed through radiological progression or overall response. Given the notion of synthetic lethality and potential synergy with other oncological therapies, several trials are looking to integrate PARPi in combined therapies. There remains ongoing controversy on the need for genetic screening prior to treatment initiation as well as the optimal patient population, which would benefit most from PARPi. PARPi is an important asset in the oncological arsenal for mCRPC. New combinations with PARPi may improve outcomes in earlier phases of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boris Bahoric
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Maurice Anidjar
- Department of Urology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Stephan Probst
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Tamim Niazi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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20
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Lodovichi S, Quadri R, Sertic S, Pellicioli A. PARylation of BRCA1 limits DNA break resection through BRCA2 and EXO1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112060. [PMID: 36735534 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolytic processing (resection) of a DNA double-strand break (DSB) is a critical step to repair the lesion by homologous recombination (HR). PARylation, which is the attachment of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) units to specific targets by PAR polymerases (PARPs), regulates many steps of HR, including resection. Here, we show that preventing PARylation of the oncosuppressor BRCA1 induces hyper-resection of DSBs through BRCA2 and the EXO1 nuclease. Upon expression of the unPARylatable variant of BRCA1, we observe a reduced 53BP1-RIF1 barrier for resection accompanied by an increase in the recruitment of the RAD51 recombinase. Similar results are observed when cells are treated with the clinically approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. We propose that PARylation of BRCA1 is important to limit the formation of excessively extended DNA filaments, thereby reducing illegitimate chromosome rearrangements. Our results shed light on molecular aspects of HR and on the mechanisms of PARP inhibitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Lodovichi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Quadri
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Sarah Sertic
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Achille Pellicioli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20131 Milano, Italy.
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21
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Zuo K, Xu Q, Wang Y, Sui Y, Niu Y, Liu Z, Liu M, Liu X, Liu D, Sun W, Wang Z, Liu X, Liu J. L-Ascorbic Acid 2-Phosphate Attenuates Methylmercury-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and DNA Damage in Human SH-SY5Y Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:144. [PMID: 36851019 PMCID: PMC9967424 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxin that causes severe neuronal oxidative damage. As vitamin C is an antioxidant well-known to protect neurons from oxidative damage, our goal was to elucidate its protective mechanism against MeHg-induced oxidative stress in human neuroblastomas (SHSY5Y). We treated cells with MeHg, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA2P), or both, and used MTT, flow cytometry, and Western blot analyses to assess cell damage. We found that MeHg significantly decreased the survival rate of SH-SY5Y cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner, increased apoptosis, downregulated PAR and PARP1 expression, and upregulated AIF, Cyto C, and cleaved Caspase-3 expression. A time course study showed that MeHg increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; enhanced apoptosis; increased DNA damage; upregulated expression ofγH2A.X, KU70, 67 and 57 kDa AIF, CytoC, and cleaved Caspase-3; and downregulated expression of 116 kDa PARP1, PAR, BRAC1, and Rad51. Supplementation with AA2P significantly increased cell viability and decreased intrinsic ROS accumulation. It also reduced ROS accumulation in cells treated with MeHg and decreased MeHg-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, AA2P conversely regulated gene expression compared to MeHg. Collectively, we demonstrate that AA2P attenuates MeHg-induced apoptosis by alleviating ROS-mediated DNA damage and is a potential treatment for MeHg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyang Zuo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yutong Sui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zinan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Mingsheng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xinpeng Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun 130021, China
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22
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DNA Damage Response Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer: Significant Implications for Therapy and Survival. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032760. [PMID: 36769087 PMCID: PMC9917521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is a term collectively used to describe a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise in the oral cavity, larynx, nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx, and represents the sixth most common type of malignancy worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality treatment, the disease has a recurrence rate of around 50%, and the prognosis of metastatic patients remains poor. HNCs are characterized by a high degree of genomic instability, which involves a vicious circle of accumulating DNA damage, defective DNA damage repair (DDR), and replication stress. Nonetheless, the damage that is induced on tumor cells by chemo and radiotherapy relies on defective DDR processes for a successful response to treatment, and may play an important role in the development of novel and more effective therapies. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the genes and proteins that appear to be deregulated in DDR pathways, their implication in HNC pathogenesis, and the rationale behind targeting these genes and pathways for the development of new therapies. We give particular emphasis on the therapeutic targets that have shown promising results at the pre-clinical stage and on those that have so far been associated with a therapeutic advantage in the clinical setting.
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23
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A CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies EXO1 as a formaldehyde resistance gene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:381. [PMID: 36693839 PMCID: PMC9873647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35802-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is a rare, genome instability-associated disease characterized by a deficiency in repairing DNA crosslinks, which are known to perturb several cellular processes, including DNA transcription, replication, and repair. Formaldehyde, a by-product of metabolism, is thought to drive FA by generating DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). However, the impact of formaldehyde on global cellular pathways has not been investigated thoroughly. Herein, using a pangenomic CRISPR-Cas9 screen, we identify EXO1 as a critical regulator of formaldehyde-induced DNA lesions. We show that EXO1 knockout cell lines exhibit formaldehyde sensitivity leading to the accumulation of replicative stress, DNA double-strand breaks, and quadriradial chromosomes, a typical feature of FA. After formaldehyde exposure, EXO1 is recruited to chromatin, protects DNA replication forks from degradation, and functions in parallel with the FA pathway to promote cell survival. In vitro, EXO1-mediated exonuclease activity is proficient in removing DPCs. Collectively, we show that EXO1 limits replication stress and DNA damage to counteract formaldehyde-induced genome instability.
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24
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Shah ZA, Nouroz F, Ejaz S, Tayyeb A. An Insight into the Role of E2F1 in Breast Cancer Progression, Drug Resistance, and Metastasis. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:365-376. [PMID: 35260053 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220308095834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the role of E2F1 in breast cancer biology. BACKGROUND Expression of E2F1, a transcription factor of many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, is lowered in several malignancies, including breast carcinoma. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we analyzed the status of E2F1 expression in association with diverse attributes of breast malignancy and its impact on cancer progression. METHODS For this purpose, we used various freely available online applications for gene enrichment, expression, and methylation analysis to extract mutation-based E2F1 map, to measure E2F1 drug sensitivity, and to determine E2F1 association with DNA damage response proteins. RESULTS Results revealed tissue-specific regulatory behavior of E2F1. Moreover, the key role of E2F1 in the promotion of metastasis, stem cell-mediated carcinogenesis, estrogen-mediated cell proliferation, and cellular defense system, has therefore highlighted it as a metaplastic marker and hot member of key resistome pathways. CONCLUSION The information thus generated can be employed for future implications in devising rational therapeutic strategies. Moreover, this study has provided a more detailed insight into the diagnostic and prognostic potential of E2F1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Abbas Shah
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Nouroz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Samina Ejaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics (IBBB), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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Khoury A, Elias E, Mehanna S, Shebaby W, Deo KM, Mansour N, Khalil C, Sayyed K, Sakoff JA, Gilbert J, Daher CF, Gordon CP, Taleb RI, Aldrich-Wright JR. Novel Platinum(II) and Platinum(IV) Antitumor Agents that Exhibit Potent Cytotoxicity and Selectivity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16481-16493. [PMID: 36480933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel platinum(II) complex 47OMESS(II) and its platinum(IV) derivative 47OMESS(IV) were synthesized and characterized. Cytotoxicity studies against mesenchymal cells (MCs) and lung (A549), breast (MDA-MB-231), and melanoma (A375) cancer cells demonstrated 7-20-fold superior activity for both complexes relative to cisplatin. Remarkably, 47OMESS(IV) demonstrated 17-22-fold greater selectivity toward the cancerous cells compared to the non-cancerous MCs. Western blot analysis on A549 cells showed the involvement of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Cellular fractionation and uptake experiments in A549 cells using ICP-mass spectrometry (MS) indicated that 47OMESS(II) and 47OMESS(IV) cross the cellular membrane predominantly via active transport mechanisms. The significant improvement in selectivity that is exhibited by 47OMESS(IV) is reported for the first time for this class of complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleen Khoury
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Elias Elias
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Wassim Shebaby
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Krishant M Deo
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Najwa Mansour
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Katia Sayyed
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | | | - Jayne Gilbert
- Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Costantine F Daher
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Christopher P Gordon
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Robin I Taleb
- School of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Byblos Lebanon
| | - Janice R Aldrich-Wright
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith South, NSW 2751, Australia
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26
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Mahadevan J, Jha A, Rudolph J, Bowerman S, Narducci D, Hansen AS, Luger K. Dynamics of endogenous PARP1 and PARP2 during DNA damage revealed by live-cell single-molecule imaging. iScience 2022; 26:105779. [PMID: 36594010 PMCID: PMC9804145 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 contributes to genome architecture and DNA damage repair through its dynamic association with chromatin. PARP1 and PARP2 (PARP1/2) recognize damaged DNA and recruit the DNA repair machinery. Using single-molecule microscopy in live cells, we monitored the movement of PARP1/2 on undamaged and damaged chromatin. We identify two classes of freely diffusing PARP1/2 and two classes of bound PARP1/2. The majority (>60%) of PARP1/2 diffuse freely in both undamaged and damaged nuclei and in the presence of inhibitors of PARP1/2 used for cancer therapy (PARPi). Laser-induced DNA damage results in a small fraction of slowly diffusing PARP1 and PARP2 to become transiently bound. Treatment of cells with PARPi in the presence of DNA damage causes subtle changes in the dynamics of bound PARP1/2, but not the high levels of PARP1/2 trapping seen previously. Our results imply that next-generation PARPi could specifically target the small fraction of DNA-bound PARP1/2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi Mahadevan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Asmita Jha
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Johannes Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Samuel Bowerman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Domenic Narducci
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anders S. Hansen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Karolin Luger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA,Corresponding author
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27
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DNA Damage Response in Cancer Therapy and Resistance: Challenges and Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314672. [PMID: 36499000 PMCID: PMC9735783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy is a common event among cancer patients and a reason why new cancer therapies and therapeutic strategies need to be in continuous investigation and development. DNA damage response (DDR) comprises several pathways that eliminate DNA damage to maintain genomic stability and integrity, but different types of cancers are associated with DDR machinery defects. Many improvements have been made in recent years, providing several drugs and therapeutic strategies for cancer patients, including those targeting the DDR pathways. Currently, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARP inhibitors) are the DDR inhibitors (DDRi) approved for several cancers, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. However, PARPi resistance is a growing issue in clinical settings that increases disease relapse and aggravate patients' prognosis. Additionally, resistance to other DDRi is also being found and investigated. The resistance mechanisms to DDRi include reversion mutations, epigenetic modification, stabilization of the replication fork, and increased drug efflux. This review highlights the DDR pathways in cancer therapy, its role in the resistance to conventional treatments, and its exploitation for anticancer treatment. Biomarkers of treatment response, combination strategies with other anticancer agents, resistance mechanisms, and liabilities of treatment with DDR inhibitors are also discussed.
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28
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Impact of Nuclear De Novo NAD + Synthesis via Histone Dynamics on DNA Repair during Cellular Senescence To Prevent Tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0037922. [PMID: 36278823 PMCID: PMC9670974 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00379-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NAD+ synthesis is a fundamental process in living cells. The effects of local metabolite production on chromatin influence the epigenetic status of chromatin in DNA metabolism. We have previously shown that K5 acetylation of H2AX by TIP60 is required for the ADP ribosylation activity of PARP-1, for histone H2AX exchange at DNA damage sites. However, the detailed molecular mechanism has remained unclear. Here, we identified de novo NAD synthetase 1 (NAD syn1) as a novel binding partner to H2AX. The enzymatic activity of NAD syn1 is crucial for the ADP ribosylation activity of PARP-1 for the H2AX dynamics at sites of DNA damage. Inhibition of the NAD synthetase activity in the cell nucleus decreased the overall cellular NAD+ concentration, leading to cellular senescence. Accordingly, the acetylation-dependent H2AX dynamics and homologous recombination repair were suppressed, leading to increased tumorigenesis. Our findings have revealed the importance of de novo NAD+ production in the cell nucleus for protection against the decreased DNA repair capacity caused by cellular senescence and thus against tumorigenesis.
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Soni A, Lin X, Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. BMN673 Is a PARP Inhibitor with Unique Radiosensitizing Properties: Mechanisms and Potential in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225619. [PMID: 36428712 PMCID: PMC9688666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BMN673 is a relatively new PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that exhibits superior efficacy in vitro compared to olaparib and other clinically relevant PARPi. BMN673, similar to most clinical PARPi, inhibits the catalytic activities of PARP-1 and PARP-2 and shows impressive anticancer potential as monotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. Tumor resistance to PARPi poses a significant challenge in the clinic. Thus, combining PARPi with other treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy (RT), is being actively pursued to overcome such resistance. However, the modest to intermediate radiosensitization exerted by olaparib, rucaparib, and veliparib, limits the rationale and the scope of such combinations. The recently reported strong radiosensitizing potential of BMN673 forecasts a paradigm shift on this front. Evidence accumulates that BMN673 may radiosensitize via unique mechanisms causing profound shifts in the balance among DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. According to one of the emerging models, BMN673 strongly inhibits classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and increases reciprocally and profoundly DSB end-resection, enhancing error-prone DSB processing that robustly potentiates cell killing. In this review, we outline and summarize the work that helped to formulate this model of BMN673 action on DSB repair, analyze the causes of radiosensitization and discuss its potential as a radiosensitizer in the clinic. Finally, we highlight strategies for combining BMN673 with other inhibitors of DNA damage response for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xixi Lin
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4152
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CHK2 activation contributes to the development of oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:1615-1628. [PMID: 35999268 PMCID: PMC9596403 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common cancer type, causes high morbidity and mortality. Patients who develop drug resistance to oxaliplatin-based regimens have short overall survival. Thus, identifying molecules involved in the development of oxaliplatin resistance is critical for designing therapeutic strategies. METHODS A proteomic screen was performed to reveal altered protein kinase phosphorylation in oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) CRC tumour spheroids. The function of CHK2 was characterised using several biochemical techniques and evident using in vitro cell and in vivo tumour models. RESULTS We revealed that the level of phospho-CHK2(Thr68) was elevated in OR CRC cells and in ~30% of tumour samples from patients with OR CRC. We demonstrated that oxaliplatin activated several phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases (PIKKs) and CHK2 downstream effectors and enhanced CHK2/PARP1 interaction to facilitate DNA repair. A phosphorylation mimicking CHK2 mutant, CHK2T68D, but not a kinase-dead CHK2 mutant, CHK2D347A, promoted DNA repair, the CHK2/PARP1 interaction, and cell growth in the presence of oxaliplatin. Finally, we showed that a CHK2 inhibitor, BML-277, reduced protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), FANCD2 monoubiquitination, homologous recombination and OR CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CHK2 activity is critical for modulating oxaliplatin response and that CHK2 is a potential therapeutic target for OR CRC.
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Kurgina TA, Moor NA, Kutuzov MM, Lavrik OI. The HPF1-dependent histone PARylation catalyzed by PARP2 is specifically stimulated by an incised AP site-containing BER DNA intermediate. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 120:103423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2022.103423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Kang Y, An S, Min D, Lee JY. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques reveal molecular mechanisms underlying deoxyribonucleic acid damage repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973314. [PMID: 36185427 PMCID: PMC9520083 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-molecule techniques have uncovered numerous biological secrets that cannot be disclosed by traditional methods. Among a variety of single-molecule methods, single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques enable real-time visualization of biomolecular interactions and have allowed the accumulation of convincing evidence. These techniques have been broadly utilized for studying DNA metabolic events such as replication, transcription, and DNA repair, which are fundamental biological reactions. In particular, DNA repair has received much attention because it maintains genomic integrity and is associated with diverse human diseases. In this review, we introduce representative single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques and survey how each technique has been employed for investigating the detailed mechanisms underlying DNA repair pathways. In addition, we briefly show how live-cell imaging at the single-molecule level contributes to understanding DNA repair processes inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Soyeong An
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Duyoung Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Ja Yil Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute of Basic Sciences, Ulsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ja Yil Lee,
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Gao J, Pickett HA. Targeting telomeres: advances in telomere maintenance mechanism-specific cancer therapies. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:515-532. [PMID: 35790854 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells establish replicative immortality by activating a telomere-maintenance mechanism (TMM), be it telomerase or the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. Targeting telomere maintenance represents an intriguing opportunity to treat the vast majority of all cancer types. Whilst telomerase inhibitors have historically been heralded as promising anticancer agents, the reality has been more challenging, and there are currently no therapeutic options for cancer types that use ALT despite their aggressive nature and poor prognosis. In this Review, we discuss the mechanistic differences between telomere maintenance by telomerase and ALT, the current methods used to detect each mechanism, the utility of these tests for clinical diagnosis, and recent developments in the therapeutic strategies being employed to target both telomerase and ALT. We present notable developments in repurposing established therapeutic agents and new avenues that are emerging to target cancer types according to which TMM they employ. These opportunities extend beyond inhibition of telomere maintenance, by finding and exploiting inherent weaknesses in the telomeres themselves to trigger rapid cellular effects that lead to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixuan Gao
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Hilda A Pickett
- Telomere Length Regulation Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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A Double-Edged Sword: The Two Faces of PARylation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179826. [PMID: 36077221 PMCID: PMC9456079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a post-translational modification process. Following the discovery of PARP-1, numerous studies have demonstrated the role of PARylation in the DNA damage and repair responses for cellular stress and DNA damage. Originally, studies on PARylation were confined to PARP-1 activation in the DNA repair pathway. However, the interplay between PARylation and DNA repair suggests that PARylation is important for the efficiency and accuracy of DNA repair. PARylation has contradicting roles; however, recent evidence implicates its importance in inflammation, metabolism, and cell death. These differences might be dependent on specific cellular conditions or experimental models used, and suggest that PARylation may play two opposing roles in cellular homeostasis. Understanding the role of PARylation in cellular function is not only important for identifying novel therapeutic approaches; it is also essential for gaining insight into the mechanisms of unexplored diseases. In this review, we discuss recent reports on the role of PARylation in mediating diverse cellular functions and homeostasis, such as DNA repair, inflammation, metabolism, and cell death.
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35
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Roemer A, Mohammed L, Strickfaden H, Underhill DA, Hendzel MJ. Mechanisms governing the accessibility of DNA damage proteins to constitutive heterochromatin. Front Genet 2022; 13:876862. [PMID: 36092926 PMCID: PMC9458887 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.876862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is thought to regulate the accessibility of the underlying DNA sequence to machinery that transcribes and repairs the DNA. Heterochromatin is chromatin that maintains a sufficiently high density of DNA packing to be visible by light microscopy throughout the cell cycle and is thought to be most restrictive to transcription. Several studies have suggested that larger proteins and protein complexes are attenuated in their access to heterochromatin. In addition, heterochromatin domains may be associated with phase separated liquid condensates adding further complexity to the regulation of protein concentration within chromocenters. This provides a solvent environment distinct from the nucleoplasm, and proteins that are not size restricted in accessing this liquid environment may partition between the nucleoplasm and heterochromatin based on relative solubility. In this study, we assessed the accessibility of constitutive heterochromatin in mouse cells, which is organized into large and easily identifiable chromocenters, to fluorescently tagged DNA damage response proteins. We find that proteins larger than the expected 10 nm size limit can access the interior of heterochromatin. We find that the sensor proteins Ku70 and PARP1 enrich in mouse chromocenters. At the same time, MRE11 shows variability within an asynchronous population that ranges from depleted to enriched but is primarily homogeneously distribution between chromocenters and the nucleoplasm. While larger downstream proteins such as ATM, BRCA1, and 53BP1 are commonly depleted in chromocenters, they show a wide range of concentrations, with none being depleted beyond approximately 75%. Contradicting exclusively size-dependent accessibility, many smaller proteins, including EGFP, are also depleted in chromocenters. Our results are consistent with minimal size-dependent selectivity but a distinct solvent environment explaining reduced concentrations of diffusing nucleoplasmic proteins within the volume of the chromocenter.
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Blessing C, Apelt K, van den Heuvel D, Gonzalez-Leal C, Rother MB, van der Woude M, González-Prieto R, Yifrach A, Parnas A, Shah RG, Kuo TT, Boer DEC, Cai J, Kragten A, Kim HS, Schärer OD, Vertegaal ACO, Shah GM, Adar S, Lans H, van Attikum H, Ladurner AG, Luijsterburg MS. XPC-PARP complexes engage the chromatin remodeler ALC1 to catalyze global genome DNA damage repair. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4762. [PMID: 35963869 PMCID: PMC9376112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells employ global genome nucleotide excision repair (GGR) to eliminate a broad spectrum of DNA lesions, including those induced by UV light. The lesion-recognition factor XPC initiates repair of helix-destabilizing DNA lesions, but binds poorly to lesions such as CPDs that do not destabilize DNA. How difficult-to-repair lesions are detected in chromatin is unknown. Here, we identify the poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerases PARP1 and PARP2 as constitutive interactors of XPC. Their interaction results in the XPC-stimulated synthesis of poly-(ADP-ribose) (PAR) by PARP1 at UV lesions, which in turn enables the recruitment and activation of the PAR-regulated chromatin remodeler ALC1. PARP2, on the other hand, modulates the retention of ALC1 at DNA damage sites. Notably, ALC1 mediates chromatin expansion at UV-induced DNA lesions, leading to the timely clearing of CPD lesions. Thus, we reveal how chromatin containing difficult-to-repair DNA lesions is primed for repair, providing insight into mechanisms of chromatin plasticity during GGR. Cells employ global genome nucleotide excision repair to repair a broad spectrum of genomic DNA lesions. Here, the authors reveal how chromatin is primed for repair, providing insight into mechanisms of chromatin plasticity during DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Blessing
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Molecular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Katja Apelt
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Gonzalez-Leal
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Molecular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena B Rother
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie van der Woude
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.,Genome Proteomics Laboratory, Andalusian Center For Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CABIMER), University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Adi Yifrach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avital Parnas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rashmi G Shah
- Laboratory for Skin Cancer Research, CHU-Q: Laval University Hospital Research Centre of Quebec (CHUL site), Quebec City, Canada
| | - Tia Tyrsett Kuo
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Molecular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Daphne E C Boer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jin Cai
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Molecular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Angela Kragten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Orlando D Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alfred C O Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Girish M Shah
- Laboratory for Skin Cancer Research, CHU-Q: Laval University Hospital Research Centre of Quebec (CHUL site), Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sheera Adar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haico van Attikum
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. .,International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Molecular Life Sciences, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. .,Eisbach Bio GmbH, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Martijn S Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Pinilla K, Drewett LM, Lucey R, Abraham JE. Precision Breast Cancer Medicine: Early Stage Triple Negative Breast Cancer-A Review of Molecular Characterisation, Therapeutic Targets and Future Trends. Front Oncol 2022; 12:866889. [PMID: 36003779 PMCID: PMC9393396 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.866889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalised approaches to the management of all solid tumours are increasing rapidly, along with wider accessibility for clinicians. Advances in tumour characterisation and targeted therapies have placed triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) at the forefront of this approach. TNBC is a highly heterogeneous disease with various histopathological features and is driven by distinct molecular alterations. The ability to tailor individualised and effective treatments for each patient is of particular importance in this group due to the high risk of distant recurrence and death. The mainstay of treatment across all subtypes of TNBC has historically been cytotoxic chemotherapy, which is often associated with off-target tissue toxicity and drug resistance. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used as it allows close monitoring of early treatment response and provides valuable prognostic information. Patients who achieve a complete pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are known to have significantly improved long-term outcomes. Conversely, poor responders face a higher risk of relapse and death. The identification of those subgroups that are more likely to benefit from breakthroughs in the personalised approach is a challenge of the current era where several targeted therapies are available. This review presents an overview of contemporary practice, and promising future trends in the management of early TNBC. Platinum chemotherapy, DNA damage response (DDR) inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and androgen receptor (AR) pathways are some of the increasingly studied therapies which will be reviewed. We will also discuss the growing evidence for less-developed agents and predictive biomarkers that are likely to contribute to the forthcoming advances in this field. Finally, we will propose a framework for the personalised management of TNBC based upon the integration of clinico-pathological and molecular features to ensure that long-term outcomes are optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pinilla
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lynsey M. Drewett
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Lucey
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jean E. Abraham
- Precision Breast Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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38
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Poly(ADP) ribose polymerase promotes DNA polymerase theta-mediated end joining by activation of end resection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4547. [PMID: 35927262 PMCID: PMC9352658 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA polymerase theta (Polθ)-mediated end joining (TMEJ) pathway for repair of chromosomal double strand breaks (DSBs) is essential in cells deficient in other DSB repair pathways, including hereditary breast cancers defective in homologous recombination. Strand-break activated poly(ADP) ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) has been implicated in TMEJ, but the modest specificity of existing TMEJ assays means the extent of effect and the mechanism behind it remain unclear. We describe here a series of TMEJ assays with improved specificity and show ablation of PARP activity reduces TMEJ activity 2-4-fold. The reduction in TMEJ is attributable to a reduction in the 5’ to 3’ resection of DSB ends that is essential for engagement of this pathway and is compensated by increased repair by the nonhomologous-end joining pathway. This limited role for PARP activity in TMEJ helps better rationalize the combined employment of inhibitors of PARP and Polθ in cancer therapy. Poly(ADP) ribose polymerase (PARP) activity promotes, but is not required for, chromosome break repair by polymerase theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). PARP activity promotes TMEJ by stimulating resection, a process that controls pathway choice.
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Chen BR, Sleckman BP. The regulation of DNA end resection by chromatin response to DNA double strand breaks. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932633. [PMID: 35912102 PMCID: PMC9335370 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) constantly arise upon exposure to genotoxic agents and during physiological processes. The timely repair of DSBs is important for not only the completion of the cellular functions involving DSBs as intermediates, but also the maintenance of genome stability. There are two major pathways dedicated to DSB repair: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The decision of deploying HR or NHEJ to repair DSBs largely depends on the structures of broken DNA ends. DNA ends resected to generate extensive single-strand DNA (ssDNA) overhangs are repaired by HR, while those remaining blunt or minimally processed can be repaired by NHEJ. As the generation and repair of DSB occurs within the context of chromatin, the resection of broken DNA ends is also profoundly affected by the state of chromatin flanking DSBs. Here we review how DNA end resection can be regulated by histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and the presence of ssDNA structure through altering the accessibility to chromatin and the activity of pro- and anti-resection proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ruei Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Bo-Ruei Chen,
| | - Barry P. Sleckman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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40
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Oh KS, Nam AR, Bang JH, Seo HR, Kim JM, Yoon J, Kim TY, Oh DY. A synthetic lethal strategy using PARP and ATM inhibition for overcoming trastuzumab resistance in HER2-positive cancers. Oncogene 2022; 41:3939-3952. [PMID: 35798878 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02384-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite its clinical efficacy in HER2-positive cancers, resistance to trastuzumab inevitably occurs. The DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is essential for maintaining genomic stability and cell survival. However, the role of the DDR pathway in HER2-positive tumors and trastuzumab resistance remains elusive. In this study, we verified that increased PARP1 expression in trastuzumab-resistant (TR) cells, owing to its augmented stability by escape from proteasomal degradation, confers tolerability to trastuzumab-induced DNA damage. Interruption of PARP1 in TR cells restrains its cellular growth, while simultaneously activating ATM to retain its genome stability. Dual inhibition of PARP and ATM induces synthetic lethality in TR cells by favoring the toxic NHEJ pathway instead of the HRR pathway. Our results highlight the potential of clinical development of DDR-targeting strategies for trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Seok Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ah-Rong Nam
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Bang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Seo
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jeesun Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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41
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Zuo WW, Zhao CF, Li Y, Sun HY, Ma GM, Liu YP, Kang S. High Expression of PARP1 in Tumor and Stroma Cells Predicts Different Prognosis and Platinum Resistance in Patients With Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:931445. [PMID: 35875162 PMCID: PMC9301997 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.931445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the roles of PARP1 mRNA and protein expression in platinum resistance and prognosis of EOC patients, and reveal the different roles of PARP1 protein in epithelial tumor and stroma cells. Methods The PARP1 mRNA expression of the EOC tissues was examined by RT-qPCR. The impacts of PARP1 expression on prognosis were measured by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed for calculating the diagnostic value of PARP1 on platinum resistance. The microarray of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues was processed for multiplex immunofluorescence to detect the protein levels of PARP1 and cytokeratin (CK). Results The PARP1mRNA expression of EOC patients was higher in the platinum-resistant group compared with the sensitive group (P<0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that high PARP1 mRNA expression was associated with poor survival of EOC patients. In Cox regression analyses, high PARP1 mRNA expression independently predicted poor prognosis (P=0.001, HR=2.076, 95%CI=1.373-3.140). The area under the ROC curve of PARP1 mRNA for predicting the platinum resistance in EOC patients was 0.649, with a sensitivity of 0.607 and specificity of 0.668. Furthermore, the protein expression of PARP1 was higher in the platinum-resistant group than in the sensitive group (P<0.01) and associated with a worse prognosis. Additionally, according to CK labeling, we observed that enhanced expression of PARP1 in the CK+ region was associated with platinum resistance and lower survival, but in CK- region, it predicted a good prognosis and platinum sensitivity. Conclusion PARP1 may be a potential biomarker to predict platinum resistance and prognosis for EOC patients, exerting different roles on epithelial tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Zuo
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Gynecology, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Chun-Fang Zhao
- Department of Histoplasty and Embryology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hai-Yan Sun
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo-Ming Ma
- Department of gastrointestinal surgery, Tangshan People’s Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Yue-Ping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Kang
- Department of Gynecology, Fourth Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Kang,
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42
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Maksoud S. The DNA Double-Strand Break Repair in Glioma: Molecular Players and Therapeutic Strategies. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5326-5365. [PMID: 35696013 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most frequent type of tumor in the central nervous system, which exhibit properties that make their treatment difficult, such as cellular infiltration, heterogeneity, and the presence of stem-like cells responsible for tumor recurrence. The response of this type of tumor to chemoradiotherapy is poor, possibly due to a higher repair activity of the genetic material, among other causes. The DNA double-strand breaks are an important type of lesion to the genetic material, which have the potential to trigger processes of cell death or cause gene aberrations that could promote tumorigenesis. This review describes how the different cellular elements regulate the formation of DNA double-strand breaks and their repair in gliomas, discussing the therapeutic potential of the induction of this type of lesion and the suppression of its repair as a control mechanism of brain tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semer Maksoud
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Neurology, Neuro-Oncology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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43
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Cis- and trans-resveratrol have opposite effects on histone serine-ADP-ribosylation and tyrosine induced neurodegeneration. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3244. [PMID: 35688816 PMCID: PMC9187644 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum tyrosine levels increase during aging, neurocognitive, metabolic, and cardiovascular disorders. However, calorie restriction (CR) and sleep lower serum tyrosine levels. We previously showed that tyrosine inhibits tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)-mediated activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Here, we show that histone serine-ADP-ribosylation is decreased in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brains, and increased tyrosine levels deplete TyrRS and cause neuronal DNA damage. However, dopamine and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increase TyrRS and histone serine-ADP-ribosylation. Furthermore, cis-resveratrol (cis-RSV) that binds to TyrRS mimicking a 'tyrosine-free' conformation increases TyrRS, facilitates histone serine-ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA repair, and provides neuroprotection in a TyrRS-dependent manner. Conversely, trans-RSV that binds to TyrRS mimicking a 'tyrosine-like' conformation decreases TyrRS, inhibits serine-ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA repair, and induces neurodegeneration in rat cortical neurons. Our findings suggest that age-associated increase in serum tyrosine levels may effect neurocognitive and metabolic disorders and offer a plausible explanation for divergent results obtained in clinical trials using resveratrol.
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44
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Yang M, Wang C, Zhou M, Bao L, Wang Y, Kumar A, Xing C, Luo W, Wang Y. KDM6B promotes PARthanatos via suppression of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase repair and sustained checkpoint response. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6313-6331. [PMID: 35648484 PMCID: PMC9226499 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a DNA damage sensor and contributes to both DNA repair and cell death processes. However, how PARP-1 signaling is regulated to switch its function from DNA repair to cell death remains largely unknown. Here, we found that PARP-1 plays a central role in alkylating agent-induced PARthanatic cancer cell death. Lysine demethylase 6B (KDM6B) was identified as a key regulator of PARthanatos. Loss of KDM6B protein or its demethylase activity conferred cancer cell resistance to PARthanatic cell death in response to alkylating agents. Mechanistically, KDM6B knockout suppressed methylation at the promoter of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) to enhance MGMT expression and its direct DNA repair function, thereby inhibiting DNA damage-evoked PARP-1 hyperactivation and subsequent cell death. Moreover, KDM6B knockout triggered sustained Chk1 phosphorylation and activated a second XRCC1-dependent repair machinery to fix DNA damage evading from MGMT repair. Inhibition of MGMT or checkpoint response re-sensitized KDM6B deficient cells to PARthanatos induced by alkylating agents. These findings provide new molecular insights into epigenetic regulation of PARP-1 signaling mediating DNA repair or cell death and identify KDM6B as a biomarker for prediction of cancer cell vulnerability to alkylating agent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chenliang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Weibo Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yingfei Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Peter O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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45
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Yin C, Alqahtani A, Noel MS. The Next Frontier in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Immune Milieu and Molecular Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2619. [PMID: 35681599 PMCID: PMC9179513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with abysmal prognosis. It is currently the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, despite being the 11th most common cancer. Chemotherapy is standard of care in all stages of pancreatic cancer, yet survival, particularly in the advanced stages, often remains under one year. We are turning to immunotherapies and targeted therapies in PDAC in order to directly attack the core features that make PDAC notoriously resistant to chemotherapy. While the initial studies of these agents in PDAC have generally been disappointing, we find optimism in recent preclinical and early clinical research. We find that despite the immunosuppressive effects of the PDAC tumor microenvironment, new strategies, such as combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with vaccine therapy or chemokine receptor antagonists, help elicit strong immune responses. We also expand on principles of DNA homologous recombination repair and highlight opportunities to use agents, such as PARP inhibitors, that exploit deficiencies in DNA repair pathways. Lastly, we describe advances in direct targeting of driver mutations and metabolic pathways and highlight some technological achievements such as novel KRAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus S. Noel
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.Y.); (A.A.)
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46
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Yin C, Kulasekaran M, Roy T, Decker B, Alexander S, Margolis M, Jha RC, Kupfer GM, He AR. Homologous Recombination Repair in Biliary Tract Cancers: A Prime Target for PARP Inhibition? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2561. [PMID: 35626165 PMCID: PMC9140037 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies that make up ~7% of all gastrointestinal tumors. It is notably aggressive and difficult to treat; in fact, >70% of patients with BTC are diagnosed at an advanced, unresectable stage and are not amenable to curative therapy. For these patients, chemotherapy has been the mainstay treatment, providing an inadequate overall survival of less than one year. Despite the boom in targeted therapies over the past decade, only a few targeted agents have been approved in BTCs (i.e., IDH1 and FGFR inhibitors), perhaps in part due to its relatively low incidence. This review will explore current data on PARP inhibitors (PARPi) used in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), particularly with respect to BTCs. Greater than 28% of BTC cases harbor mutations in genes involved in homologous recombination repair (HRR). We will summarize the mechanisms for PARPi and its role in synthetic lethality and describe select genes in the HRR pathway contributing to HRD. We will provide our rationale for expanding patient eligibility for PARPi use based on literature and anecdotal evidence pertaining to mutations in HRR genes, such as RAD51C, and the potential use of reliable surrogate markers of HRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yin
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.Y.); (M.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Monika Kulasekaran
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.Y.); (M.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Tina Roy
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.Y.); (M.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Brennan Decker
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA 20007, USA; (B.D.); (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Sonja Alexander
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA 20007, USA; (B.D.); (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mathew Margolis
- Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA 20007, USA; (B.D.); (S.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Reena C. Jha
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Gary M. Kupfer
- Departments of Oncology and Pediatrics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Aiwu R. He
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.Y.); (M.K.); (T.R.)
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47
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A PARylation-phosphorylation cascade promotes TOPBP1 loading and RPA-RAD51 exchange in homologous recombination. Mol Cell 2022; 82:2571-2587.e9. [PMID: 35597237 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is closely associated with genome stability and tumor response to chemotherapy. While many factors have been functionally characterized in HR, such as TOPBP1, their precise regulation remains unclear. Here, we report that TOPBP1 interacts with the RNA-binding protein HTATSF1 in a cell-cycle- and phosphorylation-dependent manner. Mechanistically, CK2 phosphorylates HTATSF1 to facilitate binding to TOPBP1, which promotes S-phase-specific TOPBP1 recruitment to damaged chromatin and subsequent RPA/RAD51-dependent HR, genome integrity, and cancer-cell viability. The localization of HTATSF1-TOPBP1 to DSBs is potentially independent of the transcription-coupled RNA-binding and processing capacity of HTATSF1 but rather relies on the recognition of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated RPA by HTATSF1, which can be blunted with PARP inhibitors. Together, our study provides a mechanistic insight into TOPBP1 loading at HR-prone DSB sites via HTATSF1 and reveals how RPA-RAD51 exchange is tuned by a PARylation-phosphorylation cascade.
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48
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CHAMP1-POGZ counteracts the inhibitory effect of 53BP1 on homologous recombination and affects PARP inhibitor resistance. Oncogene 2022; 41:2706-2718. [PMID: 35393543 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-pathway choice regulated by 53BP1 and BRCA1 contributes to genome stability. 53BP1 cooperates with the REV7-Shieldin complex and inhibits DNA end resection to block homologous recombination (HR) and affects the sensitivity to inhibitors for poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) in BRCA1-deficient cells. Here, we show that a REV7 binding protein, CHAMP1 (chromosome alignment-maintaining phosphoprotein 1), has an opposite function of REV7 in DSB repair and promotes HR through DNA end resection together with POGZ (POGO transposable element with ZNF domain). CHAMP1 was recruited to laser-micro-irradiation-induced DSB sites and promotes HR, but not NHEJ. CHAMP1 depletion suppressed the recruitment of BRCA1, but not the recruitment of 53BP1, suggesting that CHAMP1 regulates DSB repair pathway in favor of HR. Depletion of either CHAMP1 or POGZ impaired the recruitment of phosphorylated RPA2 and CtIP (CtBP-interacting protein) at DSB sites, implying that CHAMP1, in complex with POGZ, promotes DNA end resection for HR. Furthermore, loss of CHAMP1 and POGZ restored the sensitivity to a PARP inhibitor in cells depleted of 53BP1 together with BRCA1. These data suggest that CHAMP1and POGZ counteract the inhibitory effect of 53BP1 on HR by promoting DNA end resection and affect the resistance to PARP inhibitors.
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49
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Schaub JM, Soniat MM, Finkelstein IJ. Polymerase theta-helicase promotes end joining by stripping single-stranded DNA-binding proteins and bridging DNA ends. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3911-3921. [PMID: 35357490 PMCID: PMC9023281 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Homologous recombination-deficient cancers rely on DNA polymerase Theta (Polθ)-Mediated End Joining (TMEJ), an alternative double-strand break repair pathway. Polθ is the only vertebrate polymerase that encodes an N-terminal superfamily 2 (SF2) helicase domain, but the role of this helicase domain in TMEJ remains unclear. Using single-molecule imaging, we demonstrate that Polθ-helicase (Polθ-h) is a highly processive single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) motor protein that can efficiently strip Replication Protein A (RPA) from ssDNA. Polθ-h also has a limited capacity for disassembling RAD51 filaments but is not processive on double-stranded DNA. Polθ-h can bridge two non-complementary DNA strands in trans. PARylation of Polθ-h by PARP-1 resolves these DNA bridges. We conclude that Polθ-h removes RPA and RAD51 filaments and mediates bridging of DNA overhangs to aid in polymerization by the Polθ polymerase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Schaub
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael M Soniat
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ilya J Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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50
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Lakiza O, Lutze J, Vogle A, Williams J, Abukdheir A, Miller P, Liao CY'A, Pitroda SP, Martinez C, Olivas A, Setia N, Kron SJ, Weichselbaum RR, Keutgen XM. Loss of MEN1 function impairs DNA repair capability of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Endocr Relat Cancer 2022; 29:225-239. [PMID: 35171113 PMCID: PMC9045673 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Somatic MEN1 mutations occur in up to 50% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). Clinical studies have shown that radiation therapy (IR) is effective in a subset of PanNETs, but it remains unclear why some patients respond better to IR than others. Herein, we study whether MEN1 loss of function increases radiosensitivity of PanNETs and determine its effect on DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. After creating a MEN1 knockout PanNET cell line, we confirmed reduced DSB repair capacity in MEN1-deficient cells and linked these findings to a defect in homologous recombination, as well as reduced BRCA2 expression levels. Consistent with this model, we found that MEN1 mutant cells displayed increased sensitivity to the highly trapping poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1 inhibitor talazoparib in vitro. Our results suggest that combining IR with PARP inhibition may be beneficial in patients with PanNETs and MEN1 loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lakiza
- Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery Research Program, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julian Lutze
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alyx Vogle
- Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery Research Program, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jelani Williams
- Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery Research Program, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abde Abukdheir
- Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cell Therapy, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Miller
- Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery Research Program, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chih-Yi 'Andy' Liao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean P Pitroda
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cellular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Carlos Martinez
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cellular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Olivas
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Namrata Setia
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Stephen J Kron
- Committee on Cancer Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Cellular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xavier M Keutgen
- Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Surgery Research Program, Division of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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