1
|
Putranto AF, Petit-Etienne C, Cavalaglio S, Cabannes-Boué B, Panabiere M, Forcina G, Fleury G, Kogelschatz M, Zelsmann M. Controlled Anisotropic Wetting by Plasma Treatment for Directed Self-Assembly of High-χ Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:27841-27849. [PMID: 38758246 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a promising next-generation lithography technique for high-resolution patterning. However, achieving lithographically applicable BCP organization such as out-of-plane lamellae requires proper tuning of interfacial energies between the BCP domains and the substrate, which remains difficult to address effectively and efficiently with high-χ BCPs. Here, we present the successful generation of anisotropic wetting by plasma treatment on patterned spin-on-carbon (SOC) substrates and its application to the DSA of a high-χ Si-containing material, poly(1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane)-block-polystyrene (PDMSB-b-PS), with a 9 nm half pitch. Exposing the SOC substrate to different plasma chemistries promotes the vertical alignment of the PDMSB-b-PS lamellae within the trenches. In particular, a patterned substrate treated with HBr/O2 plasma gives both a neutral wetting at the bottom interface and a strong PS-affine wetting at the sidewalls of the SOC trenches to efficiently guide the vertical BCP lamellae. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to HBr/O2 plasma enables an adjustment of the trench width and an increased density of BCP lines on the substrate. Experimental observations are in agreement with a free energy configurational model developed to describe the system. These advances, which could be easily implemented in industry, could contribute to the wider adoption of self-assembly techniques in microelectronics, and beyond to applications such as metasurfaces, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and sensing technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achmad Fajar Putranto
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Petit-Etienne
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Cavalaglio
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Marie Panabiere
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gianluca Forcina
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Martin Kogelschatz
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique (LTM), Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cho J, Oh J, Bang J, Koh JH, Jeong HY, Chung S, Son JG. Roll-to-plate 0.1-second shear-rolling process at elevated temperature for highly aligned nanopatterns. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8412. [PMID: 38110407 PMCID: PMC10728125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The shear-rolling process is a promising directed self-assembly method that can produce high-quality sub-10 nm block copolymer line-space patterns cost-effectively and straightforwardly over a large area. This study presents a high temperature (280 °C) and rapid (~0.1 s) shear-rolling process that can achieve a high degree of orientation in a single process while effectively preventing film delamination, that can be applied to large-area continuous processes. By minimizing adhesion, normal forces, and ultimate shear strain of the polydimethylsiloxane pad, shearing was successfully performed without peeling up to 280 °C at which the chain mobility significantly increases. This method can be utilized for various high-χ block copolymers and surface neutralization processes. It enables the creation of block copolymer patterns with a half-pitch as small as 8 nm in a unidirectional way. Moreover, the 0.1-second rapid shear-rolling was successfully performed on long, 3-inch width polyimide flexible films to validate its potential for the roll-to-roll process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Hyun Koh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Yeub Jeong
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Moschovas D, Papadopoulos G, Ntaras C, Rosenthal M, Vidal L, Ageev GG, Ivanov DA, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis and Structural Insight into poly(dimethylsiloxane)- b-poly(2-vinylpyridine) Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4227. [PMID: 37959907 PMCID: PMC10648597 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the use of anionic polymerization for the synthesis of living poly(dimethylsiloxane) or PDMS-Li+, as well as poly(2-vinylpyridine) or P2VP-Li+ homopolymers, and the subsequent use of chlorosilane chemistry in order for the two blocks to be covalently joined leading to PDMS-b-P2VP copolymers is proposed. High vacuum manipulations enabled the synthesis of well-defined materials with different molecular weights (Μ¯n, from 9.8 to 36.0 kg/mol) and volume fraction ratios (φ, from 0.15 to 0.67). The Μ¯n values, dispersity indices, and composition were determined through membrane/vapor pressure osmometry (MO/VPO), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR), respectively, while the thermal transitions were determined via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphological characterization results suggested that for common composition ratios, lamellar, cylindrical, and spherical phases with domain periodicities ranging from approximately 15 to 39 nm are formed. A post-polymerization chemical modification reaction to quaternize the nitrogen atom in some of the P2VP monomeric units in the copolymer with the highest P2VP content, and the additional characterizations through 1H NMR, infrared spectroscopy, DSC, and contact angle are reported. The synthesis, characterization, and quaternization of the copolymer structure are important findings toward the preparation of functional materials with enhanced properties suitable for various nanotechnology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (L.V.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Georgios Papadopoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Christos Ntaras
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, P.O. Box 2404, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Loic Vidal
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (L.V.); (D.A.I.)
| | - Georgiy G. Ageev
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia;
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France; (L.V.); (D.A.I.)
- Scientific Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave., 354340 Sochi, Russia;
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus-Dourouti, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (G.-M.M.); (I.M.); (D.M.); (G.P.); (C.N.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng H, Kash B, Yim S, Bagchi K, Craig GSW, Chen W, Rowan SJ, Nealey PF. Wetting Behavior of A -block-(B- random-C) Copolymers with Equal Block Surface Energies on Surfaces Functionalized with B- random-C Copolymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:14688-14698. [PMID: 37782843 PMCID: PMC10586369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
To form nanopatterns with self-assembled block copolymers (BCPs), it is desirable to have through-film domains that are oriented perpendicular to the substrate. The domain orientation is determined by the interfacial interactions of the BCP domains with the substrate and with the free surface. Here, we use thin films of two different sets of BCPs with A-block-(B-random-C) architecture matched with a corresponding B-random-C copolymer nanocoating on the substrate to demonstrate two distinct wetting behaviors. The two sets of A-b-(B-r-C) BCPs are made by using thiol-epoxy click chemistry to functionalize polystyrene-block-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) with trifluoroethanethiol (TFET) and either 2-mercaptopyridine (2MP) or methyl thioglycolate (MTG). For each set of BCPs, the composition ratio of the two thiols in the BCP (φ1) is found that results in the two blocks of the modified BCP having equal surface energies (Δγair = 0). The corresponding B-r-C random copolymers were synthesized and used to modify the substrate, and the composition ratio (φ2) values that resulted in the two blocks of the BCP having equal interfacial energy with the substrate (Δγsub = 0) were determined with scanning electron microscopy. The correlation between each block's γsub value and the interaction parameter, χ, is employed to explain the different wetting behaviors of the two sets of BCPs. For the thiol pair 2MP and TFET, the values of φ1 and φ2 that lead to Δγair = 0 and Δγsub = 0, respectively, are significantly different. A similar difference was observed between the φ1 and φ2 values that lead to Δγair = 0 and Δγsub = 0 for the BCPs made with the thiol pair MTG and TFET. In the latter case, for Δγsub = 0 two windows of φ2 are identified, which can be explained by the thermodynamic interactions of the specific thiol pair and the A-b-(B-r-C) architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Feng
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benjamin Kash
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Soonmin Yim
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Kushal Bagchi
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gordon S. W. Craig
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Wen Chen
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Stuart J. Rowan
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Paul F. Nealey
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center
for Molecular Engineering, Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baumgarten N, Mumtaz M, Merino DH, Solano E, Halila S, Bernard J, Drockenmuller E, Fleury G, Borsali R. Interface Manipulations Using Cross-Linked Underlayers and Surface-Active Diblock Copolymers to Extend Morphological Diversity in High-χ Diblock Copolymer Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:23736-23748. [PMID: 37134266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Top and bottom interfaces of high-χ cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-maltoheptaose (PS-b-MH) diblock copolymer (BCP) thin films are manipulated using cross-linked copolymer underlayers and a fluorinated phase-preferential surface-active polymer (SAP) additive to direct the self-assembly (both morphology and orientation) of BCP microdomains into sub-10 nm patterns. A series of four photo-cross-linkable statistical copolymers with various contents of styrene, a 4-vinylbenzyl azide cross-linker, and a carbohydrate-based acrylamide are processed into 15 nm-thick cross-linked passivation layers on silicon substrates. A partially fluorinated analogue of the PS-b-MH phase-preferential SAP additive is designed to tune the surface energy of the top interface. The self-assembly of PS-b-MH thin films on top of different cross-linked underlayers and including 0-20 wt % of SAP additive is investigated by atomic force microscopy and synchrotron grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering analysis. The precise manipulation of the interfaces of ca. 30 nm thick PS-b-MH films not only allows the control of the in-plane/out-of-plane orientation of hexagonally packed (HEX) cylinders but also promotes epitaxial order-order transitions from HEX cylinders to either face-centered orthorhombic or body-centered cubic spheres without modifying the volume fraction of both blocks. This general approach paves the way for the controlled self-assembly of other high-χ BCP systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Baumgarten
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | | | - Daniel Hermida Merino
- Dutch-Belgian Beamline, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, E36310 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Sami Halila
- Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Bernard
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Drockenmuller
- Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, INSA de Lyon, CNRS, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, UMR 5223, F-69003, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hung CJ, Panda AS, Lee YC, Liu SY, Lin JW, Wang HF, Avgeropoulos A, Tseng FG, Chen FR, Ho RM. Direct Visualization of the Self-Alignment Process for Nanostructured Block Copolymer Thin Films by Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:570-576. [PMID: 37053545 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Herein, this work aims to directly visualize the morphological evolution of the controlled self-assembly of star-block polystyrene-block-polydimethylsiloxane (PS-b-PDMS) thin films via in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. With an environmental chip, possessing a built-in metal wire-based microheater fabricated by the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) technique, in situ TEM observations can be conducted under low-dose conditions to investigate the development of film-spanning perpendicular cylinders in the block copolymer (BCP) thin films via a self-alignment process. Owing to the free-standing condition, a symmetric condition of the BCP thin films can be formed for thermal annealing under vacuum with neutral air surface, whereas an asymmetric condition can be formed by an air plasma treatment on one side of the thin film that creates an end-capped neutral layer. A systematic comparison of the time-resolved self-alignment process in the symmetric and asymmetric conditions can be carried out, giving comprehensive insights for the self-alignment process via the nucleation and growth mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jung Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Aum Sagar Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Liu
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Electron Microscopy Development and Application, Material and Chemical Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jheng-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Rong Chen
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, 518057, Hong Kong
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Demazy N, Argudo PG, Fleury G. Competitive Registration Fields for The Development of Complex Block Copolymer Structures by A Layer-by-Layer Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205254. [PMID: 36504447 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly in thin films is an elegant method to generate nanometric features with tunable geometrical configurations. By combining directed assembly and hybridization methods, advances in nano-manufacturing have been attested over the past decades with flagship applications in lithography and optics. Nevertheless, the range of geometrical configurations is limited by the accessible morphologies inherent to the energy minimization process involved in BCP self-assembly. Layering of nanostructured BCP thin films has been recently proposed in order to enrich the span of nanostructures derived from BCP self-assembly with the formation of non-native heterostructures such as double-layered arrays of nanowires or dots-on-line and dots-in-hole hierarchical structures. In this work, the layer-by-layer method is further exploited for the generation of nano-mesh arrays using nanostructured BCP thin films. In particular, a subtle combination of chemical and topographical fields is leveraged in order to demonstrate design rules for the controlled registration of a BCP layer on top of an underneath immobilized one by the precise tuning of the interfacial chemical field between the two BCP layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Demazy
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Pablo G Argudo
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, Pessac, F-33600, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Panda AS, Lee YC, Shastry T, Manesi GM, Avgeropoulos A, Ho RM. Controlled Orientation of Silicon-Containing Diblock Copolymer Thin Films by Substrate Functionalization Under Vacuum. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aum Sagar Panda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chien Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Thanmayee Shastry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, University Campus, Ioannina45110, Greece
| | - Rong-Ming Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Angelopoulou PP, Moutsios I, Manesi GM, Ivanov DA, Sakellariou G, Avgeropoulos A. Designing high χ copolymer materials for nanotechnology applications: A systematic bulk vs. thin films approach. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
10
|
Zenati A. Triblock Azo copolymers: RAFT synthesis, properties, thin film self-assembly and applications. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2015779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Athmen Zenati
- Refining and Petrochemistry, Division of Method and Operation, Sonatrach, Arzew, Algeria
- Central Directorate of Research and Development, Sonatrach, Boumerdes, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang GG, Choi HJ, Han KH, Kim JH, Lee CW, Jung EI, Jin HM, Kim SO. Block Copolymer Nanopatterning for Nonsemiconductor Device Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:12011-12037. [PMID: 35230079 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymer (BCP) nanopatterning has emerged as a versatile nanoscale fabrication tool for semiconductor devices and other applications, because of its ability to organize well-defined, periodic nanostructures with a critical dimension of 5-100 nm. While the most promising application field of BCP nanopatterning has been semiconductor devices, the versatility of BCPs has also led to enormous interest from a broad spectrum of other application areas. In particular, the intrinsically low cost and straightforward processing of BCP nanopatterning have been widely recognized for their large-area parallel formation of dense nanoscale features, which clearly contrasts that of sophisticated processing steps of the typical photolithographic process, including EUV lithography. In this Review, we highlight the recent progress in the field of BCP nanopatterning for various nonsemiconductor applications. Notable examples relying on BCP nanopatterning, including nanocatalysts, sensors, optics, energy devices, membranes, surface modifications and other emerging applications, are summarized. We further discuss the current limitations of BCP nanopatterning and suggest future research directions to open up new potential application fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geon Gug Yang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyo Han
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang Hwan Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Edwin Ino Jung
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Min Jin
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cho J, Hwang M, Shin M, Oh J, Cho J, Son JG, Yeom B. Chiral Plasmonic Nanowaves by Tilted Assembly of Unidirectionally Aligned Block Copolymers with Buckling-Induced Microwrinkles. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17463-17471. [PMID: 34606232 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c03752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chiral-structured nanoscale materials exhibit chiroptical properties with preferential absorptions of circularly polarized light. The distinctive optical responses of chiral materials have great potential for advanced optical and biomedical applications. However, the fabrication of three-dimensional structures with mirrored nanoscale geometry is still challenging. This study introduces chiral plasmonic nanopatterns in wavy shapes based on the unidirectional alignment of block copolymer thin films and their tilted transfer, combined with buckling processes. The cylindrical nanodomains of polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) thin films were unidirectionally aligned over a large area by the shear-rolling process. The aligned block copolymer thin films were transferred onto uniaxially prestrained polydimethylsiloxane films at certain angles relative to the stretching directions. The strain was then released to induce buckling. The aligned nanopatterns across the axis of the formed microwrinkles were selectively infiltrated with gold ions. After reduction by plasma treatment, chiral plasmonic nanowave patterns were fabricated with the presence of mirror-reflected circular dichroism spectra. This fabrication method does not require any lithography processing or innately chiral biomaterials, which can be advantageous over other conventional fabrication methods for artificial nanoscale chiral materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Myonghoo Hwang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oh J, Shin M, Kim IS, Suh HS, Kim Y, Kim JK, Bang J, Yeom B, Son JG. Shear-Rolling Process for Unidirectionally and Perpendicularly Oriented Sub-10-nm Block Copolymer Patterns on the 4 in Scale. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8549-8558. [PMID: 33979144 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shear alignment of the block copolymer (BCP) thin film is one of the promising directed self-assembly (DSA) methodologies for the unidirectional alignment of sub-10 nm microdomains of BCPs for next-generation nanolithography and nanowire-grid polarizers. However, because of the differences in the surface/interfacial energies at the top surface/bottom interface, the shear-induced ordering of BCP nanopatterns has been restricted to BCPs with spherical and cylindrical nanopatterns and cannot be realized for high-aspect-ratio perpendicular lamellar structures, which is essential for practical application to semiconductor pattern processes. It is still a difficult challenge to fabricate the unidirectional alignment in a short time over a large area. In this study, we propose an approach for combining the shear-rolling process with the filtered plasma treatment of BCP films for the fabrication of unidirectionally aligned and perpendicularly oriented lamellar nanostructures. This approach enables fabrication within 1 min on a 4 in scale. We treated filtered plasma on the BCP film for perpendicular orientation and executed the hot-rolling process with different roller and stage speeds. Large-scale shear was generated only at the location where the BCP film was in contact with both the roller and stage, effectively applying shear stress to a large area of the BCP film within a short time. The repeated application of this shear-rolling process can achieve a higher level of unidirectional alignment. Our aligned BCP vertical lamellae were used to fabricate a high-aspect-ratio sub-10-nm-wide metallic nanowire array via dry/wet processes. In addition, shear-rolling with chemoepitaxy patterns can achieve higher orientational order and lower defectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Shin
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | | | - YongJoo Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Kyeong Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim KH, Kim M, Moon J, Huh J, Bang J. Bottlebrush Copolymer as Surface Neutralizer for Vertical Alignment of Block Copolymer Nanodomains in Thin Films. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:346-353. [PMID: 35549064 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein we designed bottlebrush copolymers for use as a neutral additive to block copolymer (BCP) thin films in which they are segregated to the interfaces via architectural effects and produce nonpreferential interfaces to induce perpendicular orientation of BCP microdomains. Two BCP systems were employed, a conventional poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) with relatively low χ and similar surface energies between blocks, and a high χ poly(styrene-b-methacrylic acid) (PS-b-PMAA) with distinct surface energies. The bottlebrushes, with either short side-chains of PS-r-PMMA or PS-r-PMAA random copolymers, were synthesized via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Remarkably, it was observed that the top and bottom interfaces of both BCP films were enriched with bottlebrush copolymers, regardless of the surface energy difference between blocks, hence, vertically oriented microdomains were achieved for both BCP systems. This can be attributed to the screening of polymer interactions by a good solvent during the spin-casting process, allowing architectural effects to play a role in surface segregation of bottlebrush copolymers, as confirmed by contact angle measurements and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS). We believe that this concept can be further extended to various applications that require polymer films with functional surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mincheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Moon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chevalier X, Gomes Correia C, Pound-Lana G, Bézard P, Sérégé M, Petit-Etienne C, Gay G, Cunge G, Cabannes-Boué B, Nicolet C, Navarro C, Cayrefourcq I, Müller M, Hadziioannou G, Iliopoulos I, Fleury G, Zelsmann M. Lithographically Defined Cross-Linkable Top Coats for Nanomanufacturing with High-χ Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11224-11236. [PMID: 33621463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a powerful method for the manufacture of high-resolution features. Critical issues remain to be addressed for successful implementation of DSA, such as dewetting and controlled orientation of BCP domains through physicochemical manipulations at the BCP interfaces, and the spatial positioning and registration of the BCP features. Here, we introduce novel top-coat (TC) materials designed to undergo cross-linking reactions triggered by thermal or photoactivation processes. The cross-linked TC layer with adjusted composition induces a mechanical confinement of the BCP layer, suppressing its dewetting while promoting perpendicular orientation of BCP domains. The selection of areas of interest with perpendicular features is performed directly on the patternable TC layer via a lithography step and leverages attractive integration pathways for the generation of locally controlled BCP patterns and nanostructured BCP multilayers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Chevalier
- ARKEMA FRANCE, GRL, Route Nationale 117, BP34 64170 Lacq, France
| | - Cindy Gomes Correia
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Gwenaelle Pound-Lana
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Bézard
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Matthieu Sérégé
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Petit-Etienne
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Gay
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Cunge
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Célia Nicolet
- ARKEMA FRANCE, GRL, Route Nationale 117, BP34 64170 Lacq, France
| | | | - Ian Cayrefourcq
- ARKEMA FRANCE, GRL, Route Nationale 117, BP34 64170 Lacq, France
| | - Marcus Müller
- Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Institute for Theoretical Physics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Ilias Iliopoulos
- Laboratoire PIMM, Arts et Métiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Cnam, HESAM Université, 151 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Fleury
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Marc Zelsmann
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shi LY, Lee S, Du Q, Zhou B, Weng L, Liu R, Ross CA. Bending Behavior and Directed Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:10437-10445. [PMID: 33606493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formation of zigzags, chevrons, Y-junctions, and line segments is demonstrated in thin films formed from cylindrical morphology silicon-containing conformationally asymmetric rod-coil diblock copolymers and triblock terpolymers under solvent annealing. Directed self-assembly of the block copolymers within trenches yields well-ordered cylindrical microdomains oriented either parallel or transverse to the sidewalls depending on the chemical functionalization of the sidewalls, and the location and structure of concentric bends in the cylinders is determined by the shape of the trenches. The innate etching contrast, the spontaneous sharp bends and junctions, and the range of demonstrated periodicity and line/space ratios make these conformationally asymmetric rod-coil polymers attractive for nanoscale pattern generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qingyang Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Lin Weng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Runze Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Effect of Polymer Removal on the Morphology and Phase of the Nanoparticles in All-Inorganic Heterostructures Synthesized via Two-Step Polymer Infiltration. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030679. [PMID: 33525515 PMCID: PMC7865626 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer templates play an essential role in the robust infiltration-based synthesis of functional multicomponent heterostructures with controlled structure, porosity, and composition. Such heterostructures are be used as hybrid organic-inorganic composites or as all-inorganic systems once the polymer templates are removed. Using iron oxide/alumina heterostructures formed by two-step infiltration of polystyrene-block-polyvinyl pyridine block copolymer with iron and aluminum precursors from the solution and vapor-phases, respectively, we show that the phase and morphology of iron oxide nanoparticles dramatically depend on the approach used to remove the polymer. We demonstrate that thermal and plasma oxidative treatments result in iron oxide nanoparticles with either solid or hollow morphologies, respectively, that lead to different magnetic properties of the resulting materials. Our study extends the boundaries of structure manipulations in multicomponent heterostructures synthesized using polymer infiltration synthesis, and hence their properties.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zenati A, Kada I, Zaouia GK. Thermal Properties and Self-Assembly Behaviors of Triblock Copolymers Consisting of PEG Segment and Acrylamide-Based Block Bearing Alkyl Side Chains Prepared by RAFT Method. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Athmen Zenati
- Central Directorate of Research and Development, Sonatrach, Avenue du 1er Novembre, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria
- Refining and Petrochemistry, Division of Method and Operation, Sonatrach, Arzew 31200, Algeria
| | - Ismail Kada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Oran, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Gherici-Kaddour Zaouia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lundy R, Yadav P, Prochukhan N, Giraud EC, O'Mahony TF, Selkirk A, Mullen E, Conway J, Turner M, Daniels S, Mani-Gonzalez PG, Snelgrove M, Bogan J, McFeely C, O'Connor R, McGlynn E, Hughes G, Cummins C, Morris MA. Precise Definition of a "Monolayer Point" in Polymer Brush Films for Fabricating Highly Coherent TiO 2 Thin Films by Vapor-Phase Infiltration. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:12394-12402. [PMID: 33021792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we show that in order to fabricate coherent titania (TiO2) films with precise thickness control, it is critical to generate a complete polymer brush monolayer. To date, demonstrations of such dense polymer monolayer formation that can be utilized for inorganic infiltration have been elusive. We describe a versatile bottom-up approach to covalently and rapidly (60 s processing) graft hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-vinyl pyridine) (P2VP-OH) polymers on silicon substrates. P2VP-OH monolayer films of varying thicknesses can subsequently be used to fabricate high-quality TiO2 films. Our innovative strategy is based upon room-temperature titanium vapor-phase infiltration of the grafted P2VP-OH polymer brushes that can produce TiO2 nanofilms of 2-4 nm thicknesses. Crucial parameters are explored, including molecular weight and solution concentration for grafting dense P2VP-OH monolayers from the liquid phase with high coverage and uniformity across wafer-scale areas (>2 cm2). Additionally, we compare the P2VP-OH polymer systems with another reactive polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate)-OH, and a relatively nonreactive polymer, poly(styrene)-OH. Furthermore, we prove the latter to be effective for surface blocking and deactivation. We show a simple process to graft monolayers for polymers that are weakly interacting with one another but more challenging for reactive systems. Our methodology provides new insight into the rapid grafting of polymer brushes and their ability to form TiO2 films. We believe that the results described herein are important for further expanding the use of reactive and unreactive polymers for fields including area-selective deposition, solar cell absorber layers, and antimicrobial surface coatings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Lundy
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Pravind Yadav
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nadezda Prochukhan
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elsa C Giraud
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tom F O'Mahony
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew Selkirk
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eleanor Mullen
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jim Conway
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Miles Turner
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen Daniels
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - P G Mani-Gonzalez
- Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Physics and Mathematics, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez, Cd. Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Matthew Snelgrove
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Justin Bogan
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Caitlin McFeely
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert O'Connor
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Enda McGlynn
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Greg Hughes
- National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Physical Sciences, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Cian Cummins
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael A Morris
- AMBER Research Centre and School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kim DH, Kim SY. Universal Interfacial Control through Polymeric Nanomosaic Coating for Block Copolymer Nanopatterning. ACS NANO 2020; 14:7140-7151. [PMID: 32469492 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of self-assembly of soft materials has been accepted as an inexpensive, robust, and reliable patterning method. As their self-assembly relies on the delicate molecular interactions near the substrate, a precise prediction/control of the interface structure and dynamics is critical to achieve desired nanostructures. Herein, a polymeric nanomosaic (PNM) pattern is created from the air/water interfacial self-assembly of a block copolymer (BCP) and introduced as an effective interfacial energy control for substrates. As a demonstration, the PNM coating is employed to control the BCP film structures. The perpendicular orientation of BCP self-assembly, which requires neutral wetting conditions for both blocks, is difficult to achieve but can readily be obtained with the PNM coating upon a fine resolution of the pattern quality. The universal applicability of the PNM coating as an interfacial control has been confirmed on curved, flexible, and three-dimensional substrates. In addition, the PNM is introduced as an etching-free and reusable topcoat imparting free surface neutralization even for the high-χ BCP nanopatterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyup Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shi LY, Lan J, Lee S, Cheng LC, Yager KG, Ross CA. Vertical Lamellae Formed by Two-Step Annealing of a Rod-Coil Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymer Thin Film. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4289-4297. [PMID: 32182037 PMCID: PMC7309319 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-containing block copolymer thin films with high interaction parameter and etch contrast are ideal candidates to generate robust nanotemplates for advanced nanofabrication, but they typically form in-plane oriented microdomains as a result of the dissimilar surface energies of the blocks. Here, we describe a two-step annealing method to produce vertically aligned lamellar structures in thin film of a silicon-containing rod-coil thermotropic liquid crystalline block copolymer. The rod-coil block copolymer with the volume fraction of the Si-containing block of 0.22 presents an asymmetrical lamellar structure in which the rod block forms a hexatic columnar nematic liquid crystalline phase. A solvent vapor annealing step first produces well-ordered in-plane cylinders of the Si-containing block, then a subsequent thermal annealing promotes the phase transition from in-plane cylinders to vertical lamellae. The pathways of the order-order transition were examined by microscopy and in situ using grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray scattering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ying Shi
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ji Lan
- College
of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer
Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Li-Chen Cheng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kevin G. Yager
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Caroline A. Ross
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ji S, Zhang R, Zhang L, Yuan Y, Lin J. Self‐assembled nanostructures of diblock copolymer films under homopolymer topcoats. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Runrong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Liangshun Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiaping Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of EducationSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Azoulay R, Shomrat N, Weisbord I, Atiya G, Segal-Peretz T. Metal Oxide Heterostructure Array via Spatially Controlled-Growth within Block Copolymer Templates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1904657. [PMID: 31651079 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanofabrication is continuously searching for new methodologies to fabricate 3D nanostructures with 3D control over their chemical composition. A new approach for heterostructure nanorod array fabrication through spatially controlled-growth of multiple metal oxides within block copolymer (BCP) templates is presented. Selective growth of metal oxides within the cylindrical polymer domains of polystyrene-block-poly methyl methacrylate is performed using sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS). Tuning the diffusion of trimethyl aluminum and diethyl zinc organometallic precursors in the BCP film directs the growth of AlOx and ZnO to different locations within the cylindrical BCP domains, in a single SIS process. BCP removal yields an AlOx -ZnO heterostructure nanorods array, as corroborated by 3D characterization with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography and a combination of STEM and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy tomography. The strategy presented here will open up new routes for complex 3D nanostructure fabrication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Azoulay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Neta Shomrat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Inbal Weisbord
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Galit Atiya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Tamar Segal-Peretz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|