1
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Qu W, Wu X, Wu W, Wang Y, Sun Y, Deng L, Walker M, Chen C, Dai H, Han Q, Ding Y, Xia Y, Smith G, Li R, Liu NK, Xu XM. Chondroitinase ABC combined with Schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1467-1482. [PMID: 39075913 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00029/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties. A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous Schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury. A major challenge for Schwann cell transplantation is that grafted Schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity, and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar, thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal cord. Here we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted Schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. We report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders, Schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal directions. Such Schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth, including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions, and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder functions. Importantly, the Schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury, even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord injury. These findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and Schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Qu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangbing Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yan Sun
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lingxiao Deng
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Melissa Walker
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heqiao Dai
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qi Han
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yongzhi Xia
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George Smith
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Nai-Kui Liu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Xu
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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2
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Ding X, Chen C, Zhao H, Dai B, Ye L, Song T, Huang S, Wang J, You T. Inhibiting SHP2 reduces glycolysis, promotes microglial M1 polarization, and alleviates secondary inflammation following spinal cord injury in a mouse model. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:858-872. [PMID: 38886958 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202503000-00030/figure1/v/2024-06-17T092413Z/r/image-tiff Reducing the secondary inflammatory response, which is partly mediated by microglia, is a key focus in the treatment of spinal cord injury. Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, is widely expressed in the human body and plays a role in inflammation through various mechanisms. Therefore, SHP2 is considered a potential target for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. However, its role in secondary inflammation after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, SHP2 was found to be abundantly expressed in microglia at the site of spinal cord injury. Inhibition of SHP2 expression using siRNA and SHP2 inhibitors attenuated the microglial inflammatory response in an in vitro lipopolysaccharide-induced model of inflammation. Notably, after treatment with SHP2 inhibitors, mice with spinal cord injury exhibited significantly improved hind limb locomotor function and reduced residual urine volume in the bladder. Subsequent in vitro experiments showed that, in microglia stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, inhibiting SHP2 expression promoted M2 polarization and inhibited M1 polarization. Finally, a co-culture experiment was conducted to assess the effect of microglia treated with SHP2 inhibitors on neuronal cells. The results demonstrated that inflammatory factors produced by microglia promoted neuronal apoptosis, while inhibiting SHP2 expression mitigated these effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that SHP2 enhances secondary inflammation and neuronal damage subsequent to spinal cord injury by modulating microglial phenotype. Therefore, inhibiting SHP2 alleviates the inflammatory response in mice with spinal cord injury and promotes functional recovery postinjury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Lei Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Tao You
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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3
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Chen J, Zeng X, Wang L, Zhang W, Li G, Cheng X, Su P, Wan Y, Li X. Mutual regulation of microglia and astrocytes after Gas6 inhibits spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:557-573. [PMID: 38819067 PMCID: PMC11317951 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202502000-00032/figure1/v/2024-05-28T214302Z/r/image-tiff Invasive inflammation and excessive scar formation are the main reasons for the difficulty in repairing nervous tissue after spinal cord injury. Microglia and astrocytes play key roles in the spinal cord injury micro-environment and share a close interaction. However, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we found that after spinal cord injury, resting microglia (M0) were polarized into pro-inflammatory phenotypes (MG1 and MG3), while resting astrocytes were polarized into reactive and scar-forming phenotypes. The expression of growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6) and its receptor Axl were significantly down-regulated in microglia and astrocytes after spinal cord injury. In vitro experiments showed that Gas6 had negative effects on the polarization of reactive astrocytes and pro-inflammatory microglia, and even inhibited the cross-regulation between them. We further demonstrated that Gas6 can inhibit the polarization of reactive astrocytes by suppressing the activation of the Yes-associated protein signaling pathway. This, in turn, inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia by suppressing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB/p65 and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways. In vivo experiments showed that Gas6 inhibited the polarization of pro-inflammatory microglia and reactive astrocytes in the injured spinal cord, thereby promoting tissue repair and motor function recovery. Overall, Gas6 may play a role in the treatment of spinal cord injury. It can inhibit the inflammatory pathway of microglia and polarization of astrocytes, attenuate the interaction between microglia and astrocytes in the inflammatory microenvironment, and thereby alleviate local inflammation and reduce scar formation in the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Zeng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenwu Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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4
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Olaya AMS, Almeida FM, Martinez AMB, Marques SA. Treatment of spinal cord injury with biomaterials and stem cell therapy in non-human primates and humans. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:343-353. [PMID: 38819038 PMCID: PMC11317961 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury results in the loss of sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, which almost always produces permanent physical disability. Thus, in the search for more effective treatments than those already applied for years, which are not entirely efficient, researches have been able to demonstrate the potential of biological strategies using biomaterials to tissue manufacturing through bioengineering and stem cell therapy as a neuroregenerative approach, seeking to promote neuronal recovery after spinal cord injury. Each of these strategies has been developed and meticulously evaluated in several animal models with the aim of analyzing the potential of interventions for neuronal repair and, consequently, boosting functional recovery. Although the majority of experimental research has been conducted in rodents, there is increasing recognition of the importance, and need, of evaluating the safety and efficacy of these interventions in non-human primates before moving to clinical trials involving therapies potentially promising in humans. This article is a literature review from databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier, Scielo, Redalyc, Cochrane, and NCBI) from 10 years ago to date, using keywords (spinal cord injury, cell therapy, non-human primates, humans, and bioengineering in spinal cord injury). From 110 retrieved articles, after two selection rounds based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were analyzed. Thus, this review arises from the need to recognize the experimental therapeutic advances applied in non-human primates and even humans, aimed at deepening these strategies and identifying the advantages and influence of the results on extrapolation for clinical applicability in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Milena Silva Olaya
- PhD Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Adriani Marques
- Graduate Program in Pathological Anatomy (PPGAP/UFRJ), Department of Neurobiology/Institute of Biology, Campus do Gragoatá, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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Brown RI, Barber HM, Kucenas S. Satellite glial cell manipulation prior to axotomy enhances developing dorsal root ganglion central branch regrowth into the spinal cord. Glia 2024; 72:1766-1784. [PMID: 39141572 PMCID: PMC11325082 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS and PNS, respectively) exhibit remarkable diversity in the capacity to regenerate following neuronal injury with PNS injuries being much more likely to regenerate than those that occur in the CNS. Glial responses to damage greatly influence the likelihood of regeneration by either promoting or inhibiting axonal regrowth over time. However, despite our understanding of how some glial lineages participate in nerve degeneration and regeneration, less is known about the contributions of peripheral satellite glial cells (SGC) to regeneration failure following central axon branch injury of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons. Here, using in vivo, time-lapse imaging in larval zebrafish coupled with laser axotomy, we investigate the role of SGCs in axonal regeneration. In our studies we show that SGCs respond to injury by relocating their nuclei to the injury site during the same period that DRG neurons produce new central branch neurites. Laser ablation of SGCs prior to axon injury results in more neurite growth attempts and ultimately a higher rate of successful central axon regrowth, implicating SGCs as inhibitors of regeneration. We also demonstrate that this SGC response is mediated in part by ErbB signaling, as chemical inhibition of this receptor results in reduced SGC motility and enhanced central axon regrowth. These findings provide new insights into SGC-neuron interactions under injury conditions and how these interactions influence nervous system repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin I Brown
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Heather M Barber
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Cell & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sarah Kucenas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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6
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Ganesan S, Dharmarajan A, Sudhir G, Perumalsamy LR. Unravelling the Road to Recovery: Mechanisms of Wnt Signalling in Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7661-7679. [PMID: 38421469 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a complex neurodegenerative pathology that consistently harbours a poor prognostic outcome. At present, there are few therapeutic strategies that can halt neuronal cell death and facilitate functional motor recovery. However, recent studies have highlighted the Wnt pathway as a key promoter of axon regeneration following central nervous system (CNS) injuries. Emerging evidence also suggests that the temporal dysregulation of Wnt may drive cell death post-SCI. A major challenge in SCI treatment resides in developing therapeutics that can effectively target inflammation and facilitate glial scar repair. Before Wnt signalling is exploited for SCI therapy, further research is needed to clarify the implications of Wnt on neuroinflammation during chronic stages of injury. In this review, an attempt is made to dissect the impact of canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways in relation to individual aspects of glial and fibrotic scar formation. Furthermore, it is also highlighted how modulating Wnt activity at chronic time points may aid in limiting lesion expansion and promoting axonal repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchita Ganesan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, 6102, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - G Sudhir
- Department of Orthopedics and Spine Surgery, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
| | - Lakshmi R Perumalsamy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
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7
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Ala-Kokko N, Baek I, Song Y. Development of Tissue-Engineered Model of Fibrotic Scarring after Spinal Cord Injury to Study Astrocyte Activation and Neurite Outgrowth In Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024. [PMID: 39259933 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) are debilitating injuries affecting twenty-seven million people worldwide and cause functional impairments. Despite decades of research and medical advancements, current treatment options for SCI remain limited, in part due to the complex pathophysiology of spinal cord lesions including cellular transformation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Recent studies have increased focus on fibrotic scarring after SCI, and yet much remains unclear about the impact of fibrotic scarring on SCI lesion progression. Here, using collagen and decellularized spinal cord-based composite hydrogels, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model mimicking the fibrous core of spinal cord lesions was implemented to investigate its influence on the surrounding astrocytes. To mimic the fibrotic milieu, collagen fibril thickness was tuned using previously established temperature-controlled casting methods. In our platforms, astrocytes in fibro-mimetic hydrogels exhibited increased levels of activation markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein and N-cadherin. Furthermore, astrocytes in fibro-mimetic hydrogels deposited more fibronectin and laminin, further hinting that astrocytes may also contribute to fibrotic scarring. These markers were decreased when Rho-ROCK and integrin β1 were inhibited via pharmacological inhibitors. Mechanistic analysis of Yes-associated protein reveals that blocking integrin β1 prevents mechanosensing of astrocytes, contributing to altered phenotypes in variable culture conditions. In the presence of these inhibitors, astrocytes increased the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and a greater degree of dorsal root ganglia neurite infiltration into the underlying hydrogels was observed. Altogether, this study presents a novel tissue-engineered platform to study fibrotic scarring after SCI and may be a useful platform to advance our understanding of SCI lesion aggravation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Ala-Kokko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Inha Baek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Younghye Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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8
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Gao W, Kim MW, Dykstra T, Du S, Boskovic P, Lichti CF, Ruiz-Cardozo MA, Gu X, Weizman Shapira T, Rustenhoven J, Molina C, Smirnov I, Merbl Y, Ray WZ, Kipnis J. Engineered T cell therapy for central nervous system injury. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07906-y. [PMID: 39232158 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) afflict millions of individuals worldwide1, yet an effective treatment remains elusive. Following such injuries, the site is populated by a multitude of peripheral immune cells, including T cells, but a comprehensive understanding of the roles and antigen specificity of these endogenous T cells at the injury site has been lacking. This gap has impeded the development of immune-mediated cellular therapies for CNS injuries. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated the clonal expansion of mouse and human spinal cord injury-associated T cells and identified that CD4+ T cell clones in mice exhibit antigen specificity towards self-peptides of myelin and neuronal proteins. Leveraging mRNA-based T cell receptor (TCR) reconstitution, a strategy aimed to minimize potential adverse effects from prolonged activation of self-reactive T cells, we generated engineered transiently autoimmune T cells. These cells demonstrated notable neuroprotective efficacy in CNS injury models, in part by modulating myeloid cells via IFNγ. Our findings elucidate mechanistic insight underlying the neuroprotective function of injury-responsive T cells and pave the way for the future development of T cell therapies for CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Gao
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Min Woo Kim
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taitea Dykstra
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cheryl F Lichti
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Miguel A Ruiz-Cardozo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xingxing Gu
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tal Weizman Shapira
- Systems Immunology Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Camilo Molina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor Smirnov
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yifat Merbl
- Systems Immunology Department, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Wilson Z Ray
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Immunology Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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9
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Hou Y, Liang C, Sui L, Li Y, Wang K, Li X, Zheng K, Su H, Xie D, Lin D, Guo D, Wang L. Curculigoside Regulates Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress Against Spinal Cord Injury by Modulating the Nrf-2/NQO-1 Signaling Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04409-9. [PMID: 39230866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disorder that can lead to paralysis or death. Oxidative stress during SCI is a critical phase causing extensive nerve cell damage and apoptosis, thereby impairing spinal cord healing. Thus, a primary goal of SCI drug therapy is to mitigate oxidative stress. Curculigoside (CUR), a phenolic glucoside extracted from the dried root and rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn, possesses neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate whether CUR effectively promotes the recovery of spinal cord tissue following SCI and elucidate its mechanism. We employed a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced PC12 cell model and an SCI rat model to observe the effects of CUR on oxidation and apoptosis. The results demonstrated that CUR significantly reduced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bax and Caspase-3), Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI), and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), while increasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Moreover, CUR effectively enhanced levels of antioxidants (glutathione [GSH)] and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro. Furthermore, CUR facilitated functional recovery through its anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative stress effects on spinal cord tissues in SCI rats. These effects were mediated via the Nrf2/NQO1 signaling pathway. Therefore, our study showed that CUR acted as an anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidative stress agent, inhibiting astrocyte activation and promoting neuronal reconstruction and functional recovery. These findings may contribute significantly to the development of SCI treatments and advance the field of SCI drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hou
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaolun Liang
- Department of Orthopedics (Joint Surgery), Guangdong Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhuhai, 519015, Guangdong, China
| | - Lili Sui
- The First Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kunrui Zheng
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianweng Xie
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness, Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Le Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Ma D, Fu C, Li F, Ruan R, Lin Y, Li X, Li M, Zhang J. Functional biomaterials for modulating the dysfunctional pathological microenvironment of spinal cord injury. Bioact Mater 2024; 39:521-543. [PMID: 38883317 PMCID: PMC11179178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in irreversible loss of sensory and motor functions, and most SCIs are incurable with current medical practice. One of the hardest challenges in treating SCI is the development of a dysfunctional pathological microenvironment, which mainly comprises excessive inflammation, deposition of inhibitory molecules, neurotrophic factor deprivation, glial scar formation, and imbalance of vascular function. To overcome this challenge, implantation of functional biomaterials at the injury site has been regarded as a potential treatment for modulating the dysfunctional microenvironment to support axon regeneration, remyelination at injury site, and functional recovery after SCI. This review summarizes characteristics of dysfunctional pathological microenvironment and recent advances in biomaterials as well as the technologies used to modulate inflammatory microenvironment, regulate inhibitory microenvironment, and reshape revascularization microenvironment. Moreover, technological limitations, challenges, and future prospects of functional biomaterials to promote efficient repair of SCI are also discussed. This review will aid further understanding and development of functional biomaterials to regulate pathological SCI microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezun Ma
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Changlong Fu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Fenglu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
| | - Renjie Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
| | - Yanming Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Xihai Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1 Qiuyang Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Fujian Children's Hospital, Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center, 966 Hengyu Road, Fuzhou, 350014, PR China
- Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, 111 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350005, PR China
- College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 111 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350005, PR China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108, PR China
- Qingyuan Innovation Laboratory, 1 Xueyuan Road, Quanzhou, 362801, PR China
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11
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Chen X, Shen Y, Song Z, Wang X, Yao H, Cai Y, Zhao ZA, Hu B. microRNA-2184 orchestrates Mauthner-cell axon regeneration in zebrafish via syt3 modulation. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:911-921. [PMID: 38582297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in axon regeneration following spinal cord injury. However, the functions of numerous miRNAs in axon regeneration within the central nervous system (CNS) remain largely unexplored. Here, we elucidate the positive role of microRNA-2184 (miR-2184) in axon regeneration within zebrafish Mauthner cells (M-cells). The upregulation of miR-2184 in a single M-cell can facilitate axon regeneration, while the specific sponge-induced silencing of miR-2184 leads to impeded regeneration. We show that syt3, a downstream target of miR-2184, negatively regulates axon regeneration, and the regeneration suppression modulated by syt3 depends on its binding to Ca2+. Furthermore, pharmacological stimulation of the cAMP/PKA pathway suggests that changes in the readily releasable pool may affect axon regeneration. Our data indicate that miR-2184 promotes axon regeneration of M-cells within the CNS by modulating the downstream target syt3, providing valuable insights into potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yueru Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zheng Song
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huaitong Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zi-Ang Zhao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China; Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
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12
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Zhai C, Wang Z, Cai J, Fang L, Li X, Jiang K, Shen Y, Wang Y, Xu X, Liu W, Wang T, Wu Q. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after spinal cord injury through LRP-1. Exp Neurol 2024; 379:114844. [PMID: 38830500 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious trauma of the central nervous system. The clearance of myelin debris is a critical step in the functional recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI). Recent studies have begun to reveal critical roles for professional phagocytes in the central nervous system, microglia, and their receptors in the control of myelin debris in neurodegenerative disease. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) has been demonstrated as a noninvasive SCI treatment that enhances tissue repair and functional recovery. In this study, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of rTSMS on microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris in a rat SCI model. In our studies, we found that rTSMS significantly promoted the motor function recovery of SCI rats associated with the inhibition the neuroinflammation and glia scar formation. Immunofluorescence results further showed that the rTSMS promotes the clearance of myelin debris by microglia in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, receptor-associated protein (RAP), a Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) inhibitor, could cancel the accelerated microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after rTSMS in vitro experiments. Simultaneously, Elisa's results and western blotting respectively showed that rTSMS significantly decreased the levels of soluble LRP-1(sLRP-1) and the LRP-1 splicing enzyme of ADAM17. In conclusion, rTSMS could promote the clearance of myelin debris by microglia through LRP-1 to improve the functional recovery of SCI rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyuan Zhai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Rehabilitation medicine department, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Nanjing university of Chinese medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jili Cai
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiangzhe Li
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Suzhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, China
| | - Kunmao Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xingjun Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Tong Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang 421000, China.
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13
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Zhang ZH, Wu TY, Ju C, Zuo XS, Wang XK, Ma YG, Luo L, Zhu ZJ, Song ZW, Yao Z, Zhou J, Wang Z, Hu XY. Photobiomodulation Increases M2-Type Polarization of Macrophages by Inhibiting Versican Production After Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:6950-6967. [PMID: 38363534 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a catastrophic accidence with little effective treatment, and inflammation played an important role in that. Previous studies showed photobiomodulation (PBM) could effectively downregulate the process of inflammation with modification of macrophage polarization after SCI; however, the potential mechanism behind that is still unclear. In the presented study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PBM on the expression level of versican, a matrix molecular believed to be associated with inflammation, and tried to find the mechanism on how that could regulate the inflammation process. Using immunofluorescence technique and western blot, we found the expression level of versican is increased after injury and markedly downregulated by irradiation treatment. Using virus intrathecal injection, we found the knock-down of versican could produce the effect similar to that of PBM and might have an effect on inflammation and macrophage polarization after SCI. To further verify the deduction, we peptide the supernatant of astrocytes to induce M0, M1, and M2 macrophages. We found that the versican produced by astrocytes might have a role on the promotion of M2 macrophages to inflammatory polarization. Finally, we investigated the potential pathway in the regulation of M2 polarization with the induction of versican. This study tried to give an interpretation on the mechanism of inflammation inhibition for PBM in the perspective of matrix regulation. Our results might provide light on the inflammation regulation after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hao Zhang
- General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting-Yu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuan-Kang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yang-Guang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Xue-Yu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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14
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Tan Y, Lai T, Li Y, Tang Q, Zhang W, Liu Q, Wu S, Peng X, Sui X, Reggiori F, Jiang X, Chen Q, Wang C. An oil-in-gel type of organohydrogel loaded with methylprednisolone for the treatment of secondary injuries following spinal cord traumas. J Control Release 2024; 374:505-524. [PMID: 39182693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
The secondary injuries following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a multiphasic and complex process that is difficult to treat. Although methylprednisolone (MP) is the only available pharmacological regime for SCI treatment, its efficacy remains controversial due to its very narrow therapeutic time window and safety concerns associated with high dosage. In this study, we have developed an oil-in-gel type of organohydrogel (OHG) in which the binary oleic-water phases coexist, for the local delivery of MP. This new OHG is fabricated by a glycol chitosan/oxidized hyaluronic acid hydrophilic network that is uniformly embedded with a biocompatible oil phase, and it can be effectively loaded with MP or other hydrophobic compounds. In addition to spatiotemporally control MP release, this biodegradable OHG also provides a brain tissue-mimicking scaffold that can promote tissue regeneration. OHG remarkably decreases the therapeutic dose of MP in animals and extends its treatment course over 21 d, thereby timely manipulating microglia/macrophages and their associated with signaling molecules to restore immune homeostasis, leading to a long-term functional improvement in a complete transection SCI rat model. Thus, this OHG represents a new type of gel for clinical treatment of secondary injuries in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinqiu Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, PR China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ting Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qi Liu
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital Guangdong Medical University No. 42, Jiaoping Road Dongguan, Guangdong 523710, PR China
| | - Sihan Wu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP)&College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Lab of Optoelectronics Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP)&College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Lab of Optoelectronics Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Allé 4, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430022, PR China.
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China.
| | - Cuifeng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, JiuJiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang, PR China.
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15
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Akhlaghpasand M, Tavanaei R, Hosseinpoor M, Yazdani KO, Soleimani A, Zoshk MY, Soleimani M, Chamanara M, Ghorbani M, Deylami M, Zali A, Heidari R, Oraee-Yazdani S. Safety and potential effects of intrathecal injection of allogeneic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in complete subacute spinal cord injury: a first-in-human, single-arm, open-label, phase I clinical trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:264. [PMID: 39183334 PMCID: PMC11346059 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological and functional impairments are commonly observed in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) due to insufficient regeneration of damaged axons. Exosomes play a crucial role in the paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and have emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for SCI. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and potential effects of intrathecal administration of allogeneic exosomes derived from human umbilical cord MSCs (HUC-MSCs) in patients with complete subacute SCI. METHODS This study was a single-arm, open-label, phase I clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up period. HUC-MSCs were extracted from human umbilical cord tissue, and exosomes were isolated via ultracentrifugation. After intrathecal injection, each participant a underwent complete evaluation, including neurological assessment using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale, functional assessment using the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM-III), neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) assessment using the NBD score, modified Ashworth scale (MAS), and lower urinary tract function questionnaire. RESULTS Nine patients with complete subacute SCI were recruited. The intrathecal injection of allogeneic HUC-MSCs-exosomes was safe and well tolerated. No early or late adverse event (AE) attributable to the study intervention was observed. Significant improvements in ASIA pinprick (P-value = 0.039) and light touch (P-value = 0.038) scores, SCIM III total score (P-value = 0.027), and NBD score (P-value = 0.042) were also observed at 12-month after the injection compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that intrathecal administration of allogeneic HUC-MSCs-exosomes is safe in patients with subacute SCI. Moreover, it seems that this therapy might be associated with potential clinical and functional improvements in these patients. In this regard, future larger phase II/III clinical trials with adequate power are highly required. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT20200502047277N1. Registered 2 October 2020, https://en.irct.ir/trial/48765 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhosein Akhlaghpasand
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1411718541, Tehran, Iran
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1988873554, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roozbeh Tavanaei
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1411718541, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maede Hosseinpoor
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1988873554, Tehran, Iran
- Stem Cell Technology Research Center (STRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Oraii Yazdani
- Department of cardiovascular diseases, Zahedan university of medical science, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Afsane Soleimani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1988873554, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Chamanara
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghorbani
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1411718541, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Deylami
- Department of ICU &Critical care, Faculty of Medicine, Loghman-e Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Zali
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1988873554, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Medical Biotechnology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1411718541, Tehran, Iran.
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO box: 1988873554, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Liu X, Xu Y, Wang Y, Peng X, Jian J, Wang X, Wang T. Administration of methylprednisolone do not affect the spinal scar component of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39167368 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2024.2352929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of methylprednisolone (MP) on scar composition following spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN A total of 40 adult Sprague Dawley rats underwent right hemisection injuries to the spinal cord. INTERVENTIONS The rats were randomly divided into two groups: the vehicle group and the MP group. In the MP group, rats received intraperitoneal injections of MP at a dose of 30 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days, while the vehicle group received intraperitoneal injections of saline as a control. Weekly assessments of hindlimb performance in the rat models were conducted using the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan test (BBB) score and the horizontal ladder-walking test. Changes in scar components were identified through immunofluorescence staining, and an axonal regeneration assay was employed to evaluate regrowth under inhibitory conditions. RESULTS The administration of MP led to a significant improvement in BBB scores compared to the control group at 7 days post-injury, although this improvement was not consistent. Furthermore, rats in the MP group did not demonstrate progressive improvement in horizontal ladder walking. Notably, there were no significant changes in the content of scar components in the injured area following MP treatment, and the axon length of neurons treated with MP did not exhibit significant extension compared to the vehicle group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the administration of MP does not effectively enhance hindlimb motor function or promote neuronal axon growth within a scarred environment after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Institute of Base Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Jian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinghua Wang
- Institute of Base Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University & The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Laboratory Zoology Department, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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17
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Lu ZJ, Pan QL, Lin FX. Epigenetic modifications of inflammation in spinal cord injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117306. [PMID: 39153436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system injury that leads to neurological dysfunction or paralysis, which seriously affects patients' quality of life and causes a heavy social and economic burden. The pathological mechanism of SCI has not been fully revealed, resulting in unsatisfactory clinical treatment. Therefore, more research is urgently needed to reveal its precise pathological mechanism. Numerous studies have shown that inflammation is closely related to various pathological processes in SCI. Inflammatory response is an important pathological process leading to secondary injury, and sustained inflammatory response can exacerbate the injury and hinder the recovery of neurological function after injury. Epigenetic modification is considered to be an important regulatory mechanism in the pathological process of many diseases. Epigenetic modification mainly affects the function and characteristics of genes through the reversibility of mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation of non-coding RNA, thus having a significant impact on the pathological process of diseases and the survival state of the body. Recently, the role of epigenetic modification in the inflammatory response of SCI has gradually entered the field of view of researchers, and epigenetic modification may be a potential means to treat SCI. In this paper, we review the effects and mechanisms of different types of epigenetic modifications (including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and non-coding RNAs) on post-SCI inflammation and their potential therapeutic effects on inflammation to improve our understanding of the secondary SCI stage. This review aims to help identify new markers, signaling pathways and targeted drugs, and provide theoretical basis and new strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Lu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
| | - Qi-Lin Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China
| | - Fei-Xiang Lin
- Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China; Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou Hospital-Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University), 16 Meiguan Avenue, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, PR China.
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18
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Zhu J, Liu Z, Liu Q, Xu Q, Ding C, Chen Z, Li J, Wu Z. Enhanced neural recovery and reduction of secondary damage in spinal cord injury through modulation of oxidative stress and neural response. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19042. [PMID: 39152171 PMCID: PMC11329651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69861-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a critical medical challenge, marked by substantial neural damage and persistent functional deficits. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) for SCI, utilizing a tailored dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) device to conduct comprehensive in vivo and in vitro analyses. The findings show that CAP treatment significantly improves functional recovery after SCI, reduces neuronal apoptosis, lowers inflammation, and increases axonal regeneration. These findings illustrate the efficacy of CAP in fostering a conducive environment for recovery by modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing neuronal survival, and encouraging regenerative processes. The underlying mechanism involves CAP's reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, followed by activating antioxidant enzymes. These findings position CAP as a pioneering approach for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment, presenting opportunities for improved neural recovery and establishing a new paradigm in SCI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qinghua Xu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230061, Anhui, China
| | - Chengbiao Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, 100068, China.
| | - Zhengwei Wu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
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19
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Manrique-Castano D, Bhaskar D, ElAli A. Dissecting glial scar formation by spatial point pattern and topological data analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19035. [PMID: 39152163 PMCID: PMC11329771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69426-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Glial scar formation represents a fundamental response to central nervous system (CNS) injuries. It is mainly characterized by a well-defined spatial rearrangement of reactive astrocytes and microglia. The mechanisms underlying glial scar formation have been extensively studied, yet quantitative descriptors of the spatial arrangement of reactive glial cells remain limited. Here, we present a novel approach using point pattern analysis (PPA) and topological data analysis (TDA) to quantify spatial patterns of reactive glial cells after experimental ischemic stroke in mice. We provide open and reproducible tools using R and Julia to quantify spatial intensity, cell covariance and conditional distribution, cell-to-cell interactions, and short/long-scale arrangement, which collectively disentangle the arrangement patterns of the glial scar. This approach unravels a substantial divergence in the distribution of GFAP+ and IBA1+ cells after injury that conventional analysis methods cannot fully characterize. PPA and TDA are valuable tools for studying the complex spatial arrangement of reactive glia and other nervous cells following CNS injuries and have potential applications for evaluating glial-targeted restorative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manrique-Castano
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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20
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Ye J, Pan X, Wen Z, Wu T, Jin Y, Ji S, Zhang X, Ma Y, Liu W, Teng C, Tang L, Wei W. Injectable conductive hydrogel remodeling microenvironment and mimicking neuroelectric signal transmission after spinal cord injury. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 668:646-657. [PMID: 38696992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.04.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Severe spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to dysregulated neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis, resulting in axonal die-back and the loss of neuroelectric signal transmission. While biocompatible hydrogels are commonly used in SCI repair, they lack the capacity to support neuroelectric transmission. To overcome this limitation, we developed an injectable silk fibroin/ionic liquid (SFMA@IL) conductive hydrogel to assist neuroelectric signal transmission after SCI in this study. The hydrogel can form rapidly in situ under ultraviolet (UV) light. The mechanical supporting and neuro-regenerating properties are provided by silk fibroin (SF), while the conductive capability is provided by the designed ionic liquid (IL). SFMA@IL showed attractive features for SCI repair, such as anti-swelling, conductivity, and injectability. In vivo, SFMA@IL hydrogel used in rats with complete transection injuries was found to remodel the microenvironment, reduce inflammation, and facilitate neuro-fiber outgrowth. The hydrogel also led to a notable decrease in cell apoptosis and the achievement of scar-free wound healing, which saved 45.6 ± 10.8 % of spinal cord tissue in SFMA@IL grafting. Electrophysiological studies in rats with complete transection SCI confirmed SFMA@IL's ability to support sensory neuroelectric transmission, providing strong evidence for its signal transmission function. These findings provide new insights for the development of effective SCI treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Ye
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Xihao Pan
- Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China; Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China 310000
| | - Zhengfa Wen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Tianxin Wu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Shunxian Ji
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Xianzhu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuanzhu Ma
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Chong Teng
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
| | - Longguang Tang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, and International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China.
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21
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Tan S, Wang Y, Wei X, Xiao X, Gao L. Microneedle-mediated drug delivery for neurological diseases. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124400. [PMID: 38950662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including brain injury, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative diseases, rank as the second leading cause of death worldwide. Exploring effective new treatments for neurological disorders has long been a hot research issue in clinical practice. Recently, microneedles (MNs) have attracted much attention due to their designation as a "painless and non-invasive" novel transdermal delivery method, characterized by their biocompatibility and sustainability. The advantages of MNs open an avenue for potential therapeutic interventions targeting neurological disorders. This review presents a concise overview of progress in the field of MNs, with highlights on the application in the treatment of neurological disorders. Notably, trends in the development of MNs and future challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Yitian Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Xuan Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
| | - Linbo Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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22
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Arriero-Cabañero A, García-Vences E, Sánchez-Torres S, Aristizabal-Hernandez S, García-Rama C, Pérez-Rizo E, Fernández-Mayoralas A, Grijalva I, Buzoianu-Anguiano V, Doncel-Pérez E, Mey J. Transplantation of Predegenerated Peripheral Nerves after Complete Spinal Cord Transection in Rats: Effect of Neural Precursor Cells and Pharmacological Treatment with the Sulfoglycolipid Tol-51. Cells 2024; 13:1324. [PMID: 39195214 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) is severely limited by the failure of axonal regeneration. The regeneration of CNS axons has been shown to occur by grafting predegenerated peripheral nerves (PPNs) and to be promoted by the transplantation of neural precursor cells (NPCs). The introduction of a combinatorial treatment of PPNs and NPCs after SCI has to address the additional problem of glial scar formation, which prevents regenerating axons from leaving the implant and making functional connections. Previously, we discovered that the synthetic sulfoglycolipid Tol-51 inhibits astrogliosis. The objective was to evaluate axonal regeneration and locomotor function improvement after SCI in rats treated with a combination of PPN, NPC, and Tol-51. One month after SCI, the scar tissue was removed and replaced with segments of PPN or PPN+Tol-51; PPN+NPC+Tol-51. The transplantation of a PPN segment favors regenerative axonal growth; in combination with Tol-51 and NPC, 30% of the labeled descending corticospinal axons were able to grow through the PPN and penetrate the caudal spinal cord. The animals treated with PPN showed significantly better motor function. Our data demonstrate that PPN implants plus NPC and Tol-51 allow successful axonal regeneration in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa García-Vences
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Universidad Anáhuac México Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico
- Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Escuela Militar de Graduados en Sanidad, Ciudad de Méxcio 11200, Mexico
| | - Stephanie Sánchez-Torres
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Concepción García-Rama
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Enrique Pérez-Rizo
- Unidad de Ingeniería y Evaluación Motora del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Israel Grijalva
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI. Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Col. Doctores, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jörg Mey
- Laboratorio de Regeneración Neural, Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, 45071 Toledo, Spain
- EURON Graduate School of Neuroscience, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
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23
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Shu H, Zhang X, Pu Y, Zhang Y, Huang S, Ma J, Cao L, Zhou X. Fucoidan improving spinal cord injury recovery: Modulating microenvironment and promoting remyelination. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14903. [PMID: 39139089 PMCID: PMC11322593 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Excessive neuroinflammation, apoptosis, glial scar, and demyelination triggered by spinal cord injury (SCI) are major obstacles to SCI repair. Fucoidan, a natural marine plant extract, possesses broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and is regarded as a potential therapeutic for various diseases, including neurological disorders. However, its role in SCI has not been investigated. METHODS In this study, we established an SCI model in mice and intervened in injury repair by daily intraperitoneal injections of different doses of fucoidan (10 and 20 mg/kg). Concurrently, primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were treated in vitro to validate the differentiation-promoting effect of fucoidan on OPCs. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), Louisville Swim Scale (LSS), and Rotarod test were carried out to measure the functional recovery. Immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to assess the neuroinflammation, apoptosis, glial scar, and remyelination. Western blot analysis was conducted to clarify the underlying mechanism of remyelination. RESULTS Our results indicate that in the SCI model, fucoidan exhibits significant anti-inflammatory effects and promotes the transformation of pro-inflammatory M1-type microglia/macrophages into anti-inflammatory M2-type ones. Fucoidan enhances the survival of neurons and axons in the injury area and improves remyelination. Additionally, fucoidan promotes OPCs differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. CONCLUSION Fucoidan improves SCI repair by modulating the microenvironment and promoting remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoming Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of EducationNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yingyan Pu
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of EducationNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yinuo Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shixue Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology of the Ministry of EducationNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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24
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Petillo E, Veneruso V, Gragnaniello G, Brochier L, Frigerio E, Perale G, Rossi F, Cardia A, Orro A, Veglianese P. Targeted therapy and deep learning insights into microglia modulation for spinal cord injury. Mater Today Bio 2024; 27:101117. [PMID: 38975239 PMCID: PMC11225820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that can cause significant motor and sensory impairment. Microglia, the central nervous system's immune sentinels, are known to be promising therapeutic targets in both SCI and neurodegenerative diseases. The most effective way to deliver medications and control microglial inflammation is through nanovectors; however, because of the variability in microglial morphology and the lack of standardized techniques, it is still difficult to precisely measure their activation in preclinical models. This problem is especially important in SCI, where the intricacy of the glia response following traumatic events necessitates the use of a sophisticated method to automatically discern between various microglial cell activation states that vary over time and space as the secondary injury progresses. We address this issue by proposing a deep learning-based technique for quantifying microglial activation following drug-loaded nanovector treatment in a preclinical SCI model. Our method uses a convolutional neural network to segment and classify microglia based on morphological characteristics. Our approach's accuracy and efficiency are demonstrated through evaluation on a collection of histology pictures from injured and intact spinal cords. This robust computational technique has potential for analyzing microglial activation across various neuropathologies and demonstrating the usefulness of nanovectors in modifying microglia in SCI and other neurological disorders. It has the ability to speed development in this crucial sector by providing a standardized and objective way to compare therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Petillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Valeria Veneruso
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Gragnaniello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Segrate 20054, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Brochier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Segrate 20054, Italy
| | - Enrico Frigerio
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Regenera GmbH, Modecenterstrasse 22/D01, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via Mancinelli 7, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Andrea Cardia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter of the Southern Switzerland, Regional Hospital of Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Orro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Segrate 20054, Italy
| | - Pietro Veglianese
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, via Mario Negri 2, Milano 20156, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, via Buffi 13, Lugano 6900, Switzerland
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25
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de Sena-Tomás C, Rebola Lameira L, Rebocho da Costa M, Naique Taborda P, Laborde A, Orger M, de Oliveira S, Saúde L. Neutrophil immune profile guides spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:514-531. [PMID: 38925414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers a strong innate inflammatory response in both non-regenerative mammals and regenerative zebrafish. Neutrophils are the first immune population to be recruited to the injury site. Yet, their role in the repair process, particularly in a regenerative context, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that, following rapid recruitment to the injured spinal cord, neutrophils mostly reverse migrate throughout the zebrafish body. In addition, promoting neutrophil inflammation resolution by inhibiting Cxcr4 boosts cellular and functional regeneration. Neutrophil-specific RNA-seq analysis reveals an enhanced activation state that correlates with a transient increase in tnf-α expression in macrophage/microglia populations. Conversely, blocking neutrophil recruitment through Cxcr1/2 inhibition diminishes the presence of macrophage/microglia at the injury site and impairs spinal cord regeneration. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the role of neutrophils in spinal cord regeneration, emphasizing the significant impact of their immune profile on the outcome of the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de Sena-Tomás
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Leonor Rebola Lameira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rebocho da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Naique Taborda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Laborde
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Orger
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Harold and Muriel Block Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leonor Saúde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia de Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Zhu K, Zheng Z, Zhang YY, Li ZY, Zhou AF, Hu CW, Shu B, Zhou LY, Shi Q, Wang YJ, Yao M, Cui XJ. A comprehensive and systematic review of the potential neuroprotective effect of quercetin in rat models of spinal cord injury. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:857-869. [PMID: 37691351 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2257425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a potentially fatal neurological disease with severe complications and a high disability rate. An increasing number of animal experimental studies support the therapeutic effect of quercetin, which is a natural anti-inflammatory and antioxidant bioflavonoid. OBJECTIVE This paper reviewed the therapeutic effect of quercetin on a rat SCI model and summarized the relevant mechanistic research. DATA SOURCES PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Science Direct, WanFang Data, SinoMed databases, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and the Vip Journal Integration Platform were searched from their inception to April 2023 for animal experiments applying quercetin to treat SCI. STUDY SELECTION Based on the PICOS criteria, a total of 18 eligible studies were included, of which 14 were high quality. RESULTS In this study, there was a gradual increase in effect based on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) score after three days (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, gender differences also appeared in the efficacy of quercetin; males performed better than females (p = 0.008). Quercetin was also associated with improved inclined plane test score (p = 0.008). In terms of biochemical indicators, meta-analysis showed that MDA (p < 0.0001) and MPO (p = 0.0002) were significantly reduced after quercetin administration compared with the control group, and SOD levels were increased (p = 0.004). Mechanistically, quercetin facilitates the inhibition of oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis that occur after SCI. CONCLUSIONS Generally, this systematic review suggests that quercetin has a neuroprotective effect on SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Yun Zhang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Yao Li
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Fang Zhou
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Wei Hu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shu
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Yun Zhou
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shi
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yao
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Spine Disease Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Michel-Flutot P, Cheng L, Thomas SJ, Lisi B, Schwartz H, Lam S, Lyttle M, Jaffe DA, Smith G, Li S, Wright MC, Lepore AC. PTEN inhibition promotes robust growth of bulbospinal respiratory axons and partial recovery of diaphragm function in a chronic model of cervical contusion spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114816. [PMID: 38789023 PMCID: PMC11200215 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
High spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to persistent and debilitating compromise in respiratory function. Cervical SCI not only causes the death of phrenic motor neurons (PhMNs) that innervate the diaphragm, but also damages descending respiratory pathways originating in the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG) located in the brainstem, resulting in denervation and consequent silencing of spared PhMNs located caudal to injury. It is imperative to determine whether interventions targeting rVRG axon growth and respiratory neural circuit reconnection are efficacious in chronic cervical contusion SCI, given that the vast majority of individuals are chronically-injured and most cases of SCI involve contusion-type damage to the cervical region. We therefore employed a rat model of chronic cervical hemicontusion to test therapeutic manipulations aimed at reconstructing damaged rVRG-PhMN-diaphragm circuitry to achieve recovery of respiratory function. At a chronic time point post-injury, we systemically administered: an antagonist peptide directed against phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a central inhibitor of neuron-intrinsic axon growth potential; an antagonist peptide directed against receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ), another important negative regulator of axon growth capacity; or a combination of these two peptides. PTEN antagonist peptide (PAP4) promoted partial recovery of diaphragm motor activity out to nine months post-injury (though this effect depended on the anesthetic regimen used during recording), while PTPσ peptide did not impact diaphragm function after cervical SCI. Furthermore, PAP4 promoted robust growth of descending bulbospinal rVRG axons caudal to the injury within the denervated portion of the PhMN pool, while PTPσ peptide did not affect rVRG axon growth at this location that is critical to control of diaphragmatic respiratory function. In conclusion, we find that, when PTEN inhibition is targeted at a chronic time point following cervical contusion, our non-invasive PAP4 strategy can successfully promote significant regrowth of damaged respiratory neural circuitry and also partial recovery of diaphragm motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Michel-Flutot
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Samantha J Thomas
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Brianna Lisi
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Harrison Schwartz
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Sandy Lam
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Megan Lyttle
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David A Jaffe
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - George Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 191405104, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 191405104, USA
| | - Megan C Wright
- Department of Biology, Arcadia University, Glenside, PA 19038, USA
| | - Angelo C Lepore
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Wang L, Zhao H, Han M, Yang H, Lei M, Wang W, Li K, Li Y, Sang Y, Xin T, Liu H, Qiu J. Electromagnetic Cellularized Patch with Wirelessly Electrical Stimulation for Promoting Neuronal Differentiation and Spinal Cord Injury Repair. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307527. [PMID: 38868910 PMCID: PMC11321663 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Although stem cell therapy holds promise for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI), its practical applications are limited by the low degree of neural differentiation. Electrical stimulation is one of the most effective ways to promote the differentiation of stem cells into neurons, but conventional wired electrical stimulation may cause secondary injuries, inflammation, pain, and infection. Here, based on the high conductivity of graphite and the electromagnetic induction effect, graphite nanosheets with neural stem cells (NSCs) are proposed as an electromagnetic cellularized patch to generate in situ wirelessly pulsed electric signals under a rotating magnetic field for regulating neuronal differentiation of NSCs to treat SCI. The strength and frequency of the induced voltage can be controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the magnetic field. The generated pulsed electrical signals promote the differentiation of NSCs into functional mature neurons and increase the proportion of neurons from 12.5% to 33.7%. When implanted in the subarachnoid region of the injured spinal cord, the electromagnetic cellularized patch improves the behavioral performance of the hind limbs and the repair of spinal cord tissue in SCI mice. This work opens a new avenue for remote treatment of SCI and other nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinan250014P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinan250014P. R. China
| | - Hongru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Keyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
| | - Tao Xin
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalJinan250014P. R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan HospitalShandong UniversityJinan250014P. R. China
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation CenterShandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan250117P. R. China
- Department of NeurosurgeryJiangxi Provincial People's HospitalNanchangJiangxi330006P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary ResearchUniversity of JinanJinanShandong250022P. R. China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinanShandong250100P. R. China
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Tai Z, Liu J, Wang B, Chen S, Liu C, Chen X. The Effect of Aligned and Random Electrospun Fibers Derived from Porcine Decellularized ECM on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatments for Spinal Cord Injury. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:772. [PMID: 39199730 PMCID: PMC11351159 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11080772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can be extremely devastating, as it often results in the disruption of neural tissues, impeding the regenerative capacity of the central nervous system. However, recent research has demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the capacity for multi-differentiation and have a proven track record of safety in clinical applications, thus rendering them effective in facilitating the repair of spinal cord injuries. It is urgent to develop an aligned scaffold that can effectively load MSCs for promoting cell aligned proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we prepared an aligned nanofiber scaffold using the porcine decellularized spinal cord matrix (DSC) to induce MSCs differentiation for spinal cord injury. The decellularization method removed 87% of the immune components while retaining crucial proteins in DSC. The electrospinning technique was employed to fabricate an aligned nanofiber scaffold possessing biocompatibility and a diameter of 720 nm. In in vitro and in vivo experiments, the aligned nanofiber scaffold induces the aligned growth of MSCs and promotes their differentiation into neurons, leading to tissue regeneration and nerve repair after spinal cord injury. The approach exhibits promising potential for the future development of nerve regeneration scaffolds for spinal cord injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (Z.T.); (C.L.)
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30
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Huang T, Mu J, Wu J, Cao J, Zhang X, Guo J, Zhu M, Ma T, Jiang X, Feng S, Gao J. A Functionalized Scaffold Facilitates Neurites Extension for Spinal Cord Injury Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401020. [PMID: 39012061 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Scaffolds have garnered considerable attention for enhancing neural repairment for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. Both microstructural features and biochemical modifications play pivotal roles in influencing the interaction of cells with the scaffold, thereby affecting tissue regeneration. Here, a scaffold is designed with spiral structure and gradient peptide modification (GS) specifically for SCI treatment. The spiral structure provides crucial support and space, while the gradient peptide isoleucine-lysine-valine-alanine-valine (IKVAV) modification imparts directional guidance for neuronal and axonal extension. GS scaffold shows a significant nerve extension induction effect through its interlayer gap and gradient peptide density to dorsal root ganglia in vitro, while in vivo studies reveal its substantial promotion for functional recovery and neural repair. Additionally, the GS scaffold displays impressive drug-loading capacity, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can be efficiently loaded into the GS scaffold and delivered to the injury site, thereby synergistically promoting SCI repair. Overall, the GS scaffold can serve as a versatile platform and present a promising multifunctional approach for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiafu Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahe Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer, Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jian Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xunqi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Manning Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Teng Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xinchi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin, 300052, P. R. China
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
- Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321002, P. R. China
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Liengswangwong W, Lertviboonluk N, Yuksen C, Jamkrajang P, Limroongreungrat W, Mongkolpichayaruk A, Jenpanitpong C, Watcharakitpaisan S, Palee C, Reechaipichitkool P, Thaipasong S. Validity of Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU Sensor) for Measurement of Cervical Spine Motion, Compared with Eight Optoelectronic 3D Cameras Under Spinal Immobilization Devices. MEDICAL DEVICES-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH 2024; 17:261-269. [PMID: 39050910 PMCID: PMC11268762 DOI: 10.2147/mder.s475166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The assessment of cervical spine motion is critical for out-of-hospital patients who suffer traumatic spinal cord injuries, given the profound implications such injuries have on individual well-being and broader public health concerns. 3D Optoelectronic systems (BTS SmartDX) are standard devices for motion measurement, but their price, complexity, and size prevent them from being used outside of designated laboratories. This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in gauging cervical spine motion among healthy volunteers, using a 3D optoelectronic motion capture system as a reference. Methods Twelve healthy volunteers participated in the study. They underwent lifting, transferring, and tilting simulations using a long spinal board, a Sked stretcher, and a vacuum mattress. During these simulations, cervical spine angular movements-including flexion-extension, axial rotation, and lateral flexion-were concurrently measured using the IMU and an optoelectronic device. We employed the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Bland-Altman plot to assess reliability and validity. Results A single statistically significant difference was observed between the two devices in the flexion-extension plane. The mean differences across all angular planes ranged from -1.129° to 1.053°, with the most pronounced difference noted in the lateral flexion plane. Ninety-five percent of the angular motion disparities ascertained by the SmartDX and IMU were less than 7.873° for the lateral flexion plane, 11.143° for the flexion-extension plane, and 25.382° for the axial rotation plane. Conclusion The IMU device exhibited robust validity when assessing the angular motion of the cervical spine in the axial rotation plane and demonstrated commendable validity in both the lateral flexion and flexion-extension planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijittra Liengswangwong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natcha Lertviboonluk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaporn Yuksen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parunchaya Jamkrajang
- College of Sports Science and Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | | | - Chetsadakon Jenpanitpong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sorawich Watcharakitpaisan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chantarat Palee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Picharee Reechaipichitkool
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suchada Thaipasong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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32
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Sousa JPM, Deus IA, Monteiro CF, Custódio CA, Gil J, Papadimitriou L, Ranella A, Stratakis E, Mano JF, Marques PAAP. Amniotic Membrane-Derived Multichannel Hydrogels for Neural Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400522. [PMID: 38989725 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In the pursuit of advancing neural tissue regeneration, biomaterial scaffolds have emerged as promising candidates, offering potential solutions for nerve disruptions. Among these scaffolds, multichannel hydrogels, characterized by meticulously designed micrometer-scale channels, stand out as instrumental tools for guiding axonal growth and facilitating cellular interactions. This study explores the innovative application of human amniotic membranes modified with methacryloyl domains (AMMA) in neural stem cell (NSC) culture. AMMA hydrogels, possessing a tailored softness resembling the physiological environment, are prepared in the format of multichannel scaffolds to simulate native-like microarchitecture of nerve tracts. Preliminary experiments on AMMA hydrogel films showcase their potential for neural applications, demonstrating robust adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs without the need for additional coatings. Transitioning into the 3D realm, the multichannel architecture fosters intricate neuronal networks guiding neurite extension longitudinally. Furthermore, the presence of synaptic vesicles within the cellular arrays suggests the establishment of functional synaptic connections, underscoring the physiological relevance of the developed neuronal networks. This work contributes to the ongoing efforts to find ethical, clinically translatable, and functionally relevant approaches for regenerative neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana P M Sousa
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Inês A Deus
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Cátia F Monteiro
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Catarina A Custódio
- CICECO - Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- Metatissue, PCI · Creative Science Park Aveiro Region, Via do Conhecimento, Ílhavo, 3830-352, Portugal
| | - João Gil
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
- INESC-MN - INESC Microsistemas e Nanotecnologia, Rua Alves Redol 9, Lisbon, 1000-029, Portugal
| | - Lina Papadimitriou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anthi Ranella
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH-IESL), Heraklion, Greece
| | - João F Mano
- CDRSP - Centre for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Polytechnic of Leiria, Marinha Grande, 2430-028, Portugal
| | - Paula A A P Marques
- TEMA - Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
- LASI - Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory, Portugal
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Zhang B, Wang W, Gao P, Li X, Chen L, Lin Z, Chen H, Liang W, Kong Z, Lin D, Wu X, Zhang T. Injectable, Electroconductive, Free Radical Scavenging Silk Fibroin/Black Phosphorus/Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Enhancing Spinal Cord Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304300. [PMID: 38589053 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to a severe permanent disability. A poor inflammatory microenvironment and nerve electric signal conduction block are the main reasons for difficulty in spinal cord nerve regeneration. In this study, black phosphorus (BP) and glycyrrhizic acid (GA) are integrated into methacrylate-modified silk fibroin (SF) to construct a bifunctional injectable hydrogel (SF/BP/GA) with appropriate conductivity and the ability to inhibit inflammation to promote neuronal regeneration after SCI. This work discovers that the SF/BP/GA hydrogel can reduce the oxidative damage mediated by oxygen free radicals, promote the polarization of macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, and improve the inflammatory microenvironment. Moreover, it induces neural stem cell (NSC) differentiation and neurosphere formation, restores signal conduction at the SCI site in vivo, and ameliorates motor function in mice with spinal cord hemisection, revealing a significant neural repair effect. An injectable, electroconductive, free-radical-scavenging hydrogel is a promising therapeutic strategy for SCI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beichen Zhang
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Wanshun Wang
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zefeng Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenhao Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiyuan Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Dingkun Lin
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaona Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Graduate School and Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Ryan F, Blex C, Ngo TD, Kopp MA, Michalke B, Venkataramani V, Curran L, Schwab JM, Ruprecht K, Otto C, Jhelum P, Kroner A, David S. Ferroptosis inhibitor improves outcome after early and delayed treatment in mild spinal cord injury. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:106. [PMID: 38907771 PMCID: PMC11193702 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
We show that redox active iron can induce a regulated form of non-apoptotic cell death and tissue damage called ferroptosis that can contribute to secondary damage and functional loss in the acute and chronic periods after spinal cord injury (SCI) in young, adult, female mice. Phagocytosis of red blood cells at sites of hemorrhage is the main source of iron derived from hemoglobin after SCI. Expression of hemeoxygenase-1 that induces release of iron from heme, is increased in spinal cord macrophages 7 days after injury. While iron is stored safely in ferritin in the injured spinal cord, it can, however, be released by NCOA4-mediated shuttling of ferritin to autophagosomes for degradation (ferritinophagy). This leads to the release of redox active iron that can cause free radical damage. Expression of NCOA4 is increased after SCI, mainly in macrophages. Increase in the ratio of redox active ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric iron (Fe3+) is also detected after SCI by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled mass spectrometry. These changes are accompanied by other hallmarks of ferroptosis, i.e., deficiency in various elements of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. We also detect increases in enzymes that repair membrane lipids (ACSL4 and LPCAT3) and thus promote on-going ferroptosis. These changes are associated with increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), a toxic lipid peroxidation product. Mice with mild SCI (30 kdyne force) treated with the ferroptosis inhibitor (UAMC-3203-HCL) either early or delayed times after injury showed improvement in locomotor recovery and secondary damage. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from human SCI cases show evidence of increased iron storage (ferritin), and other iron related molecules, and reduction in GSH. Collectively, these data suggest that ferroptosis contributes to secondary damage after SCI and highlights the possible use of ferroptosis inhibitors to treat SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fari Ryan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Christian Blex
- Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - The Dung Ngo
- Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Kopp
- Clinical and Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Research (Neuroparaplegiology), Department of Neurology and Experimental Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vivek Venkataramani
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Laura Curran
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jan M Schwab
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury and Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Klemens Ruprecht
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Otto
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Antje Kroner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Samuel David
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, The BRAiN Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Livingston Hall, Room L7-210, 1650 Cedar Ave., Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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Conforti P, Martínez Santamaría JC, Schachtrup C. Fibrinogen: connecting the blood circulatory system with CNS scar formation. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1402479. [PMID: 38962511 PMCID: PMC11220163 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1402479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wound healing of the central nervous system (CNS) is characterized by the classical phases of 'hemostasis', 'inflammation', 'proliferation', and 'remodeling'. Uncontrolled wound healing results in pathological scar formation hindering tissue remodeling and functional recovery in the CNS. Initial blood protein extravasation and activation of the coagulation cascade secure hemostasis in CNS diseases featuring openings in the blood-brain barrier. However, the relevance of blood-derived coagulation factors was overlooked for some time in CNS wound healing and scarring. Recent advancements in animal models and human tissue analysis implicate the blood-derived coagulation factor fibrinogen as a molecular link between vascular permeability and scar formation. In this perspective, we summarize the current understanding of how fibrinogen orchestrates scar formation and highlight fibrinogen-induced signaling pathways in diverse neural and non-neural cells that may contribute to scarring in CNS disease. We particularly highlight a role of fibrinogen in the formation of the lesion border between the healthy neural tissue and the fibrotic scar. Finally, we suggest novel therapeutic strategies via manipulating the fibrinogen-scar-forming cell interaction to improve functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Conforti
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jose C. Martínez Santamaría
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Sun Y, Wu J, Zhou L, Wang W, Wang H, Sun S, Xu Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Zhu G, Xi K, Gu Y, Chen L. Genetically engineered electrospinning contributes to spinal cord injury repair by regulating the immune microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1415527. [PMID: 38933542 PMCID: PMC11199540 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1415527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with microenvironment imbalance, thereby resulting in poor regeneration and recovery of the spinal cord. Gene therapy can be used to balance the inflammatory response, however target genes cannot exist in localized injured areas. Methods: A genetically engineered electrospun scaffold (GEES) to achieve long-term immunoregulation and nerve repair was constructed. By combining the microfluidic and electrospinning techniques, interleukin-10 plasmid (pIL10) was loaded into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) (pIL10-LNP), which was encapsulated to the nerve growth factor (NGF). Immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and other tests were employed to comprehensively assess the role of GEES in modulating macrophage polarization and facilitating neural repair. Results: The results showed that the scaffold released >70% of the pIL10-LNP within 10 d and continued slow release within 30 d. In vitro cell experiments have demonstrated that GEES effectively stimulates macrophages to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and facilitates the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuronal cells. In rat T9 SCI model, the GEES significantly inhibited the inflammatory response in the acute and chronic phases of SCI by transfecting local tissues with slow-release pIL10-LNP to promote the release of the anti-inflammatory factor IL10, thereby creating a favorable microenvironment. With the addition of NGF, the repair and regeneration of nerve tissues was effectively promoted, and the post-SCI motor function of rats improved. Discussion: GEES can regulate post-SCI immune responses through continuous and effective gene delivery, providing a new strategy for the construction of electrospun scaffolds for nerve repair in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaosong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinzhao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Hingorani S, Paniagua Soriano G, Sánchez Huertas C, Villalba Riquelme EM, López Mocholi E, Martínez Rojas B, Alastrué Agudo A, Dupraz S, Ferrer Montiel AV, Moreno Manzano V. Transplantation of dorsal root ganglia overexpressing the NaChBac sodium channel improves locomotion after complete SCI. Mol Ther 2024; 32:1739-1759. [PMID: 38556794 PMCID: PMC11184342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition currently lacking treatment. Severe SCI causes the loss of most supraspinal inputs and neuronal activity caudal to the injury, which, coupled with the limited endogenous capacity for spontaneous regeneration, can lead to complete functional loss even in anatomically incomplete lesions. We hypothesized that transplantation of mature dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) genetically modified to express the NaChBac sodium channel could serve as a therapeutic option for functionally complete SCI. We found that NaChBac expression increased the intrinsic excitability of DRG neurons and promoted cell survival and neurotrophic factor secretion in vitro. Transplantation of NaChBac-expressing dissociated DRGs improved voluntary locomotion 7 weeks after injury compared to control groups. Animals transplanted with NaChBac-expressing DRGs also possessed higher tubulin-positive neuronal fiber and myelin preservation, although serotonergic descending fibers remained unaffected. We observed early preservation of the corticospinal tract 14 days after injury and transplantation, which was lost 7 weeks after injury. Nevertheless, transplantation of NaChBac-expressing DRGs increased the neuronal excitatory input by an increased number of VGLUT2 contacts immediately caudal to the injury. Our work suggests that the transplantation of NaChBac-expressing dissociated DRGs can rescue significant motor function, retaining an excitatory neuronal relay activity immediately caudal to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hingorani
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillem Paniagua Soriano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez Huertas
- Development and Assembly of Bilateral Neural Circuits Laboratory, Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Miguel Hernández, Avenida Santiago Ramon y Cajal, s/n, 03550 Sant Joan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eva María Villalba Riquelme
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche-IDiBE, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n, Edificio Torregaitán, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Eric López Mocholi
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez Rojas
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Alastrué Agudo
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sebastián Dupraz
- Laboratory for Axonal Growth and Regeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonio Vicente Ferrer Montiel
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche-IDiBE, Avenida de la Universidad, s/n, Edificio Torregaitán, 03202 Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Victoria Moreno Manzano
- Neuronal and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012 Valencia, Spain.
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Bingnan W, Jiao T, Ghorbani A, Baghei S. Enhancing regenerative potential: A comprehensive review of stem cell transplantation for sports-related neuronal injuries, with a focus on spinal cord injuries and peripheral nervous system damage. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102429. [PMID: 38833939 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Neuronal injuries, as one of the consequences of sports-related incidents, exert a profound influence on the athletes' future, potentially leading to complete immobility and impeding their athletic pursuits. In cases of severe damage inflicted upon the spinal cord (SC) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS), the regenerative process is notably compromised, rendering it essentially inefficient. Among the pivotal therapeutic approaches for the enhancement and prevention of secondary SC injuries (SCI), stem cell transplantation (SCT) stands out prominently. Stem cells, whether directly involved in replacement and reconstruction or indirectly through modification and secretion of crucial bioenvironmental factors, engage in the intricate process of tissue regeneration. Stem cells, through the secretion of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) (aiming to modulate the immune system), reduction of inflammation, axonal growth stimulation, and myelin formation, endeavor to facilitate the regeneration of damaged SC tissue. The fundamental challenges of this approach encompass the proper selection of suitable stem cell candidates for transplantation and the establishment of an appropriate microenvironment conducive to SC repair. In this article, an attempt has been made to explore sports-related injuries, particularly SCI, to comprehensively review innovative methods for treating SCI, and to address the existing challenges. Additionally, some of the stem cells used in neural injuries and the process of their utilization have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Bingnan
- Department of P.E, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tong Jiao
- The High School Attached to Hunan Normal University Bocai Experimental Middle School,Changsha 410208, China.
| | - A Ghorbani
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sh Baghei
- Biotechnology Department, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
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Zhuang Y, Lin F, Xiang L, Cai Z, Wang F, Cui W. Prevented Cell Clusters' Migration Via Microdot Biomaterials for Inhibiting Scar Adhesion. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312556. [PMID: 38563392 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cluster-like collective cell migration of fibroblasts is one of the main factors of adhesion in injured tissues. In this research, a microdot biomaterial system is constructed using α-helical polypeptide nanoparticles and anti-inflammatory micelles, which are prepared by ring-opening polymerization of α-amino acids-N-carboxylic anhydrides (NCAs) and lactide, respectively. The microdot biomaterial system slowly releases functionalized polypeptides targeting mitochondria and promoting the influx of extracellular calcium ions under the inflammatory environment, thus inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin mediating cell-cell interaction, and promoting apoptosis of cluster fibroblasts, synergistically inhibiting the migration of fibroblast clusters at the site of tendon injury. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory micelles are celecoxib (Cex) solubilized by PEG/polyester, which can improve the inflammatory microenvironment at the injury site for a long time. In vitro, the microdot biomaterial system can effectively inhibit the migration of the cluster fibroblasts by inhibiting the expression of N-cadherin between cell-cell and promoting apoptosis. In vivo, the microdot biomaterial system can promote apoptosis while achieving long-acting anti-inflammation effects, and reduce the expression of vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibroblasts. Thus, this microdot biomaterial system provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of tendon adhesion by inhibiting the cluster migration of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310000, P. R. China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, P. R. China
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Moura MM, Monteiro A, Salgado AJ, Silva NA, Monteiro S. Disrupted autonomic pathways in spinal cord injury: Implications for the immune regulation. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106500. [PMID: 38614275 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) disrupts critical autonomic pathways responsible for the regulation of the immune function. Consequently, individuals with SCI often exhibit a spectrum of immune dysfunctions ranging from the development of damaging pro-inflammatory responses to severe immunosuppression. Thus, it is imperative to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the extent and mechanisms through which SCI-induced autonomic dysfunction influences the immune response. In this review, we provide an overview of the anatomical organization and physiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), elucidating how SCI impacts its function, with a particular focus on lymphoid organs and immune activity. We highlight recent advances in understanding how intraspinal plasticity that follows SCI may contribute to aberrant autonomic activity in lymphoid organs. Additionally, we discuss how sympathetic mediators released by these neuron terminals affect immune cell function. Finally, we discuss emerging innovative technologies and potential clinical interventions targeting the ANS as a strategy to restore the normal regulation of the immune response in individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Moura
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; ICVS/3B's Associate Lab, PT Government Associated Lab, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Fan X, Shi L, Yang Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Bai B, Chen L, Yilihamu EEY, Qi Z, Li W, Xiao P, Liu M, Qiu J, Yang F, Ran N, Shang Y, Liu J, Zhang T, Kong X, Liu H, Zhou H, Feng S. Targeted Repair of Spinal Cord Injury Based on miRNA-124-3p-Loaded Mesoporous Silica Camouflaged by Stem Cell Membrane Modified with Rabies Virus Glycoprotein. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309305. [PMID: 38509833 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) has no effective treatment modalities. It faces a significant global therapeutical challenge, given its features of poor axon regeneration, progressive local inflammation, and inefficient systemic drug delivery due to the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). To address these challenges, a new nano complex that achieves targeted drug delivery to the damaged spinal cord is proposed, which contains a mesoporous silica nanoparticle core loaded with microRNA and a cloaking layer of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell membrane modified with rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG). The nano complex more readily crosses the damaged BSCB with its exosome-resembling properties, including appropriate size and a low-immunogenic cell membrane disguise and accumulates in the injury center because of RVG, where it releases abundant microRNAs to elicit axon sprouting and rehabilitate the inflammatory microenvironment. Culturing with nano complexes promotes axonal growth in neurons and M2 polarization in microglia. Furthermore, it showed that SCI mice treated with this nano complex by tail vein injection display significant improvement in axon regrowth, microenvironment regulation, and functional restoration. The efficacy and biocompatibility of the targeted delivery of microRNA by nano complexes demonstrate their immense potential as a noninvasive treatment for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Lusen Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zimeng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Baoshuai Bai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Elzat Elham-Yilizati Yilihamu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Zhangyang Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Mingshan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jichuan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ran
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Shang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tehan Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohong Kong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Jinan Branch, Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China
| | - Hengxing Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China
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Gomez-Cruz C, Fernandez-de la Torre M, Lachowski D, Prados-de-Haro M, Del Río Hernández AE, Perea G, Muñoz-Barrutia A, Garcia-Gonzalez D. Mechanical and Functional Responses in Astrocytes under Alternating Deformation Modes Using Magneto-Active Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312497. [PMID: 38610101 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This work introduces NeoMag, a system designed to enhance cell mechanics assays in substrate deformation studies. NeoMag uses multidomain magneto-active materials to mechanically actuate the substrate, transmitting reversible mechanical cues to cells. The system boasts full flexibility in alternating loading substrate deformation modes, seamlessly adapting to both upright and inverted microscopes. The multidomain substrates facilitate mechanobiology assays on 2D and 3D cultures. The integration of the system with nanoindenters allows for precise evaluation of cellular mechanical properties under varying substrate deformation modes. The system is used to study the impact of substrate deformation on astrocytes, simulating mechanical conditions akin to traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. The results reveal local heterogeneous changes in astrocyte stiffness, influenced by the orientation of subcellular regions relative to substrate strain. These stiffness variations, exceeding 50% in stiffening and softening, and local deformations significantly alter calcium dynamics. Furthermore, sustained deformations induce actin network reorganization and activate Piezo1 channels, leading to an initial increase followed by a long-term inhibition of calcium events. Conversely, fast and dynamic deformations transiently activate Piezo1 channels and disrupt the actin network, causing long-term cell softening. These findings unveil mechanical and functional alterations in astrocytes during substrate deformation, illustrating the multiple opportunities this technology offers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Gomez-Cruz
- Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernandez-de la Torre
- Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dariusz Lachowski
- Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Martin Prados-de-Haro
- Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Armando E Del Río Hernández
- Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Av. Doctor Arce, 37., 28002, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arrate Muñoz-Barrutia
- Departamento de Bioingeniería, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- Área de Ingeniería Biomédica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Calle del Doctor Esquerdo 46, Leganés, Madrid, ES28007, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Daniel Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Continuum Mechanics and Structural Analysis, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
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43
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Lv J, Yu H, Shan F, Ye J, Li A, Jing J, Zheng M, Tian D. Effect of Myelin Debris on the Phenotypic Transformation of Astrocytes after Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Neuroscience 2024; 547:1-16. [PMID: 38570063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), the accumulation of myelin debris can serve as proinflammatory agents, hindering axon regrowth and exacerbating damage. While astrocytes have been implicated in the phagocytosis of myelin debris, the impact of this process on the phenotypic transformation of astrocytes and their characteristics following SCI in rats is not well understood. Here, we demonstrated that the conditioned medium of myelin debris can trigger apoptosis in rat primary astrocytes in vitro. Using a compressional SCI model in rats, we observed that astrocytes can engulf myelin debris through ATP-binding cassette transporter sub-family A member 1 (ABCA1), and these engulfed cells tend to transform into A1 astrocytes, as indicated by C3 expression. At 4 days post-injury (dpi), astrocytes rapidly transitioned into A1 astrocytes and maintained this phenotype from 4 to 28 dpi, while A2 astrocytes, characterized by S100, were only detected at 14 and 28 dpi. Reactive astrocytes, identified by Nestin, emerged at 4 and 7 dpi, whereas scar-forming astrocytes, marked by N-cadherin, were evident at 14 and 28 dpi. This study illustrates the distribution patterns of astrocyte subtypes and the potential interplay between astrocytes and myelin debris after SCI in rats. We emphasize that myelin debris can induce astrocyte apoptosis in vitro and promote the transformation of astrocytes into A1 astrocytes in vivo. These two classification methods are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fangli Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Meige Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Dasheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China; Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
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44
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Zavvarian MM, Modi AD, Sadat S, Hong J, Fehlings MG. Translational Relevance of Secondary Intracellular Signaling Cascades Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5708. [PMID: 38891894 PMCID: PMC11172219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening and life-altering condition that results in debilitating sensorimotor and autonomic impairments. Despite significant advances in the clinical management of traumatic SCI, many patients continue to suffer due to a lack of effective therapies. The initial mechanical injury to the spinal cord results in a series of secondary molecular processes and intracellular signaling cascades in immune, vascular, glial, and neuronal cell populations, which further damage the injured spinal cord. These intracellular cascades present promising translationally relevant targets for therapeutic intervention due to their high ubiquity and conservation across eukaryotic evolution. To date, many therapeutics have shown either direct or indirect involvement of these pathways in improving recovery after SCI. However, the complex, multifaceted, and heterogeneous nature of traumatic SCI requires better elucidation of the underlying secondary intracellular signaling cascades to minimize off-target effects and maximize effectiveness. Recent advances in transcriptional and molecular neuroscience provide a closer characterization of these pathways in the injured spinal cord. This narrative review article aims to survey the MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, Rho-ROCK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT signaling cascades, in addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the involvement and therapeutic potential of these secondary intracellular pathways following traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Akshat D. Modi
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Human Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3J6, Canada
| | - Sarah Sadat
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
| | - Michael G. Fehlings
- Division of Genetics and Development, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada; (M.-M.Z.); (A.D.M.); (S.S.); (J.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
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45
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Galindo AN, Frey Rubio DA, Hettiaratchi MH. Biomaterial strategies for regulating the neuroinflammatory response. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 5:4025-4054. [PMID: 38774837 PMCID: PMC11103561 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Injury and disease in the central nervous system (CNS) can result in a dysregulated inflammatory environment that inhibits the repair of functional tissue. Biomaterials present a promising approach to tackle this complex inhibitory environment and modulate the mechanisms involved in neuroinflammation to halt the progression of secondary injury and promote the repair of functional tissue. In this review, we will cover recent advances in biomaterial strategies, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, implantable scaffolds, and neural probe coatings, that have been used to modulate the innate immune response to injury and disease within the CNS. The stages of inflammation following CNS injury and the main inflammatory contributors involved in common neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed, as understanding the inflammatory response to injury and disease is critical for identifying therapeutic targets and designing effective biomaterial-based treatment strategies. Biomaterials and novel composites will then be discussed with an emphasis on strategies that deliver immunomodulatory agents or utilize cell-material interactions to modulate inflammation and promote functional tissue repair. We will explore the application of these biomaterial-based strategies in the context of nanoparticle- and hydrogel-mediated delivery of small molecule drugs and therapeutic proteins to inflamed nervous tissue, implantation of hydrogels and scaffolds to modulate immune cell behavior and guide axon elongation, and neural probe coatings to mitigate glial scarring and enhance signaling at the tissue-device interface. Finally, we will present a future outlook on the growing role of biomaterial-based strategies for immunomodulation in regenerative medicine and neuroengineering applications in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alycia N Galindo
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - David A Frey Rubio
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Phil and Penny Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon Eugene OR USA
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46
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Yao L, Sai HV, Shippy T, Li B. Cellular and Transcriptional Response of Human Astrocytes to Hybrid Protein Materials. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2887-2898. [PMID: 38632900 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Collagen is a major component of the tissue matrix, and soybean can regulate the tissue immune response. Both materials have been used to fabricate biomaterials for tissue repair. In this study, adult and fetal human astrocytes were grown in a soy protein isolate (SPI)-collagen hybrid gel or on the surface of a cross-linked SPI-collagen membrane. Hybrid materials reduced the cell proliferation rate compared to materials generated by collagen alone. However, the hybrid materials did not significantly change the cell motility compared to the control collagen material. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed downregulated genes in the cell cycle pathway, including CCNA2, CCNB1, CCNB2, CCND1, CCND2, and CDK1, which may explain lower cell proliferation in the hybrid material. This study also revealed the downregulation of genes encoding extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including HSPG2, LUM, SDC2, COL4A1, COL4A5, COL4A6, and FN1, as well as genes encoding chemokines, including CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CX3CL1, CXCL3, and LIF, for adult human astrocytes grown on the hybrid membrane compared with those grown on the control collagen membrane. The study explored the cellular and transcriptional responses of human astrocytes to the hybrid material and indicated a potential beneficial function of the material in the application of neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Haneesha Vishwa Sai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Teresa Shippy
- KSU Bioinformatics Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, 1845 Fairmount Street, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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Overgaard Wichmann T, Hedegaard Højsager M, Hasager Damkier H. Water channels in the brain and spinal cord-overview of the role of aquaporins in traumatic brain injury and traumatic spinal cord injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1414662. [PMID: 38818518 PMCID: PMC11137310 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1414662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the fluid flow in the brain and spinal cord is essential for discovering the mechanisms implicated in the pathophysiology of central nervous system diseases. During recent years, research has highlighted the complexity of the fluid flow movement in the brain through a glymphatic system and a lymphatic network. Less is known about these pathways in the spinal cord. An important aspect of fluid flow movement through the glymphatic pathway is the role of water channels, especially aquaporin 1 and 4. This review provides an overview of the role of these aquaporins in brain and spinal cord, and give a short introduction to the fluid flow in brain and spinal cord during in the healthy brain and spinal cord as well as during traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Finally, this review gives an overview of the current knowledge about the role of aquaporins in traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, highlighting some of the complexities and knowledge gaps in the field.
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48
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Grigoryan EN, Markitantova YV. Tail and Spinal Cord Regeneration in Urodelean Amphibians. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:594. [PMID: 38792615 PMCID: PMC11122520 DOI: 10.3390/life14050594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Urodelean amphibians can regenerate the tail and the spinal cord (SC) and maintain this ability throughout their life. This clearly distinguishes these animals from mammals. The phenomenon of tail and SC regeneration is based on the capability of cells involved in regeneration to dedifferentiate, enter the cell cycle, and change their (or return to the pre-existing) phenotype during de novo organ formation. The second critical aspect of the successful tail and SC regeneration is the mutual molecular regulation by tissues, of which the SC and the apical wound epidermis are the leaders. Molecular regulatory systems include signaling pathways components, inflammatory factors, ECM molecules, ROS, hormones, neurotransmitters, HSPs, transcriptional and epigenetic factors, etc. The control, carried out by regulatory networks on the feedback principle, recruits the mechanisms used in embryogenesis and accompanies all stages of organ regeneration, from the moment of damage to the completion of morphogenesis and patterning of all its structures. The late regeneration stages and the effects of external factors on them have been poorly studied. A new model for addressing this issue is herein proposed. The data summarized in the review contribute to understanding a wide range of fundamentally important issues in the regenerative biology of tissues and organs in vertebrates including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliya V. Markitantova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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49
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Sun Z, Chen Z, Yin M, Wu X, Guo B, Cheng X, Quan R, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Fan Y, Jin C, Yin Y, Hou X, Liu W, Shu M, Xue X, Shi Y, Chen B, Xiao Z, Dai J, Zhao Y. Harnessing developmental dynamics of spinal cord extracellular matrix improves regenerative potential of spinal cord organoids. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:772-787.e11. [PMID: 38565140 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal spinal cord tissues exhibit remarkable regenerative capabilities as compared to adult spinal cord tissues after injury, but the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in this process has remained elusive. Here, we found that early developmental spinal cord had higher levels of ECM proteins associated with neural development and axon growth, but fewer inhibitory proteoglycans, compared to those of adult spinal cord. Decellularized spinal cord ECM from neonatal (DNSCM) and adult (DASCM) rabbits preserved these differences. DNSCM promoted proliferation, migration, and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and facilitated axonal outgrowth and regeneration of spinal cord organoids more effectively than DASCM. Pleiotrophin (PTN) and Tenascin (TNC) in DNSCM were identified as contributors to these abilities. Furthermore, DNSCM demonstrated superior performance as a delivery vehicle for NPCs and organoids in spinal cord injury (SCI) models. This suggests that ECM cues from early development stages might significantly contribute to the prominent regeneration ability in spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenni Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Man Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaokang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianglin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Weiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muya Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ya Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Li X, Ji R, Duan L, Hao Z, Su Y, Wang H, Guan F, Ma S. MG53/GMs/HA-Dex neural scaffold promotes the functional recovery of spinal cord injury by alleviating neuroinflammation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131520. [PMID: 38615859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The adverse microenvironment, including neuroinflammation, hinders the recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI). Regulating microglial polarization to alleviate neuroinflammation at the injury site is an effective strategy for SCI recovery. MG53 protein exerts obvious repair ability on multiple tissues damage, but with short half-life. In this study, we composited an innovative MG53/GMs/HA-Dex neural scaffold using gelatin microspheres (GMs), hyaluronic acid (HA), and dextran (Dex) loaded with MG53 protein. This novel neural scaffold could respond to MMP-2/9 protein and stably release MG53 protein with good physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. In addition, it significantly improved the motor function of SCI mice, suppressed M1 polarization of microglia and neuroinflammation, and promoted neurogenesis and axon regeneration. Further mechanistic experiments demonstrated that MG53/GMs/HA-Dex hydrogel inhibited the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, this MG53/GMs/HA-Dex neural scaffold promotes the functional recovery of SCI mice by alleviating neuroinflammation, which provides a new intervention strategy for the neural regeneration and functional repair of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Rong Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Linyan Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhizhong Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yujing Su
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Shanshan Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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