1
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Iost RM, Venkatkarthick R, Nascimento SQ, Lima FHB, Crespilho FN. Hydrogen bioelectrogeneration with pH-resilient and oxygen-tolerant cobalt apoenzyme-saccharide. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2509-2511. [PMID: 38333929 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06185j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogenases are enzymes that catalyze the reversible conversion of protons to hydrogen gas, using earth-abundant metals such as nickel and/or iron. This characteristic makes them promising for sustainable energy applications, particularly in clean hydrogen production. However, their widespread use faces challenges, including a limited pH range and susceptibility to oxygen. In response to these issues, SacCoMyo is introduced as an artificial enzyme. SacCoMyo is designed by replacing the native metal in the myoglobin (Myo) scaffold with a hydroxocobalamin (Co) porphyrin core and complemented by a protective heteropolysaccharide-linked (Sac) shell. This engineered protein proves to be resilient, maintaining robust functionality even in acidic environments and preventing denaturation in a pH 1 electrolyte. The cobalt porphyrin core of SacCoMyo reduces the activation overpotential for hydrogen generation. A high turnover frequency of about 2400 H2 s-1 is demonstrated in the presence of molecular oxygen, showcasing its potential in biohydrogen production and its ability to overcome the limitations associated with natural hydrogenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Iost
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
| | | | - Steffane Q Nascimento
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Fabio H B Lima
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP 13566-590, Brazil.
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2
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Yang J, Ran K, Ma W, Chen L, Chen C, Zhang C, Ye H, Lu Y, Ran C. Degradation of amyloid beta species by multi-copper oxidases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.02.547398. [PMID: 37461701 PMCID: PMC10350030 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.02.547398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of the production of amyloid beta (Aβ) species has been intensively investigated as potential therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the degradation of Aβ species, another potential beneficial approach, has been far less explored. In this study, we discovered that ceruloplasmin (CP), an important multi-copper oxidase (MCO) in human blood, could degrade Aβ peptides. We also found that the presence of Vitamin C could enhance the degrading effect in a concentration-dependent manner. We then validated the CP-Aβ interaction using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, fluorescence photometer, and fluorescence polarization measurement. Based on the above discovery, we hypothesized that other MCOs had similar Aβ-degrading functions. Indeed, we found that other MCOs could induce Aβ degradation as well. Remarkably, we revealed that ascorbate oxidase (AO) had the strongest degrading effect among the tested MCOs. Using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) neuron cells, we observed that AO could rescue neuron toxicity which induced by Aβ oligomers. In addition, our electrophysiological analysis with brain slices suggested that AO could prevent an Ab-induced deficit in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. To the best of our knowledge, our report is the first to demonstrate that MCOs have a degrading function for peptides/proteins. Further investigations are warranted to explore the possible benefits of MCOs for future AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129
- School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Kathleen Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Wenzhe Ma
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lucy Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Cindy Chen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60660
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Room 2301, Building 149, Charlestown, Boston, Massachusetts 02129
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3
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Mo X, Deng Y, Lai SKM, Gao X, Yu HL, Low KH, Guo Z, Wu HL, Au-Yeung HY, Tse ECM. Mechanical Interlocking Enhances the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Activity and Selectivity of Molecular Copper Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:6087-6099. [PMID: 36853653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient O2 reduction reaction (ORR) for selective H2O generation enables advanced fuel cell technology. Nonprecious metal catalysts are viable and attractive alternatives to state-of-the-art Pt-based materials that are expensive. Cu complexes inspired by Cu-containing O2 reduction enzymes in nature are yet to reach their desired ORR catalytic performance. Here, the concept of mechanical interlocking is introduced to the ligand architecture to enforce dynamic spatial restriction on the Cu coordination site. Interlocked catenane ligands could govern O2 binding mode, promote electron transfer, and facilitate product elimination. Our results show that ligand interlocking as a catenane steers the ORR selectivity to H2O as the major product via the 4e- pathway, rivaling the selectivity of Pt, and boosts the onset potential by 130 mV, the mass activity by 1.8 times, and the turnover frequency by 1.5 fold as compared to the noninterlocked counterpart. Our Cu catenane complex represents one of the first examples to take advantage of mechanical interlocking to afford electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and selectivity. The mechanistic insights gained through this integrated experimental and theoretical study are envisioned to be valuable not just to the area of ORR energy catalysis but also with broad implications on interlocked metal complexes that are of critical importance to the general fields in redox reactions involving proton-coupled electron transfer steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samuel Kin-Man Lai
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xutao Gao
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Ling Yu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Hangzhou 311305, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng-Liang Wu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Center of Atomic Initiative for New Materials, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edmund C M Tse
- Department of Chemistry, HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory of New Materials, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- HKU Zhejiang Institute of Research and Innovation, Hangzhou 311305, People's Republic of China
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4
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Castro KPR, Colombo RNP, Iost RM, da Silva BGR, Crespilho FN. Low-dimensionality carbon-based biosensors: the new era of emerging technologies in bioanalytical chemistry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04578-x. [PMID: 36757464 PMCID: PMC9909134 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the last decade, carbon nanomaterials have had a notable impact on different fields such as bioimaging, drug delivery, artificial tissue engineering, and biosensors. This is due to their good compatibility toward a wide range of chemical to biological molecules, low toxicity, and tunable properties. Especially for biosensor technology, the characteristic features of each dimensionality of carbon-based materials may influence the performance and viability of their use. Surface area, porous network, hybridization, functionalization, synthesis route, the combination of dimensionalities, purity levels, and the mechanisms underlying carbon nanomaterial interactions influence their applications in bioanalytical chemistry. Efforts are being made to fully understand how nanomaterials can influence biological interactions, to develop commercially viable biosensors, and to gain knowledge on the biomolecular processes associated with carbon. Here, we present a comprehensive review highlighting the characteristic features of the dimensionality of carbon-based materials in biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla P. R. Castro
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Rafael N. P. Colombo
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Iost
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Beatriz G. R. da Silva
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São Carlense, 400 Parque Arnold Schimidt, São Carlos, SP 13566-590 Brazil
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5
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Unifying views on catalyst deactivation. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Cząstka K, Oughli AA, Rüdiger O, DeBeer S. Enzymatic X-ray absorption spectroelectrochemistry. Faraday Discuss 2022; 234:214-231. [PMID: 35142778 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to observe the changes that occur at an enzyme active site during electrocatalysis can provide very valuable information for understanding the mechanism and ultimately aid in catalyst design. Herein, we discuss the development of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in combination with electrochemistry for operando studies of enzymatic systems. XAS has had a long history of enabling geometric and electronic structural insights into the catalytic active sites of enzymes, however, XAS combined with electrochemistry (XA-SEC) has been exceedingly rare in bioinorganic applications. Herein, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of applying operando XAS to enzymatic electrocatalysts. The challenges due to the low concentration of the photoabsorber and the instability of the protein in the X-ray beam are discussed. Methods for immobilizing enzymes on the electrodes, while maintaining full redox control are highlighted. A case study of combined XAS and electrochemistry applied to a [NiFe] hydrogenase is presented. By entrapping the [NiFe] hydrogenase in a redox polymer, relatively high protein concentrations can be achieved on the electrode surface, while maintaining redox control. Overall, it is demonstrated that the experiments are feasible, but require precise redox control over the majority of the absorber atoms and careful controls to discriminate between electrochemically-driven changes and beam damage. Opportunities for future applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Cząstka
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, DE, Germany.
| | - Alaa A Oughli
- Technical University Munich, Campus Straubing for Biotechnology and Sustainability, Uferstraße 53, 94315 Straubing, Germany
| | - Olaf Rüdiger
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, DE, Germany.
| | - Serena DeBeer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Mülheim an der Ruhr, DE, Germany.
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7
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Macedo LJ, Santo AA, Sedenho GC, Hassan A, Iost RM, Feliciano GT, Crespilho FN. Three-dimensional catalysis and the efficient bioelectrocatalysis beyond surface chemistry. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Takada K, Morita M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma J, Albrecht K, Yamamoto K. Metal atom-guided conformational analysis of single polynuclear coordination molecules. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/32/eabd9887. [PMID: 34362728 PMCID: PMC8346213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd9887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microscopic observation of single molecules is a rapidly expanding field in chemistry and differs from conventional characterization techniques that require a large number of molecules. One of such form of single-molecule microscopy is high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), which is especially suitable for coordination compounds because of its atomic number-dependent contrast. However, to date, single-molecule observations using HAADF-STEM has limited to simple planar molecules. In the present study, we demonstrate a direct structural investigation of nonplanar dendronized polynuclear Ir complexes with subnanometer resolution using Ir as an atomic label. Decreasing the electron dose to the dendrimer complexes is critical for the single-molecule observation. A comparison with simulated STEM images of conformational isomers is performed to determine the most plausible conformation. Our results enlarge the potential of electron microscopic observation to realize structural analysis of coordination macromolecules, which has been impossible with conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takada
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Mari Morita
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Takane Imaoka
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Junko Kakinuma
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Ken Albrecht
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Kimihisa Yamamoto
- JST ERATO, Yamamoto Atom Hybrid Project, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan.
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Bioelectrocatalysis using redox enzymes appears as a sustainable way for biosensing, electricity production, or biosynthesis of fine products. Despite advances in the knowledge of parameters that drive the efficiency of enzymatic electrocatalysis, the weak stability of bioelectrodes prevents large scale development of bioelectrocatalysis. In this review, starting from the understanding of the parameters that drive protein instability, we will discuss the main strategies available to improve all enzyme stability, including use of chemicals, protein engineering and immobilization. Considering in a second step the additional requirements for use of redox enzymes, we will evaluate how far these general strategies can be applied to bioelectrocatalysis.
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10
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Wang W, Deng C, Xie S, Li Y, Zhang W, Sheng H, Chen C, Zhao J. Photocatalytic C-C Coupling from Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Copper Oxide with Mixed-Valence Copper(I)/Copper(II). J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2984-2993. [PMID: 33570952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To realize the evolution of C2+ hydrocarbons like C2H4 from CO2 reduction in photocatalytic systems remains a great challenge, owing to the gap between the relatively lower efficiency of multielectron transfer in photocatalysis and the sluggish kinetics of C-C coupling. Herein, with Cu-doped zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as a precursor, a hybrid photocatalyst (CuOX@p-ZnO) with CuOX uniformly dispersed among polycrystalline ZnO was synthesized. Upon illumination, the catalyst exhibited the ability to reduce CO2 to C2H4 with a 32.9% selectivity, and the evolution rate was 2.7 μmol·g-1·h-1 with water as a hole scavenger and as high as 22.3 μmol·g-1·h-1 in the presence of triethylamine as a sacrificial agent, all of which have rarely been achieved in photocatalytic systems. The X-ray absorption fine structure spectra coupled with in situ FT-IR studies reveal that, in the original catalyst, Cu mainly existed in the form of CuO, while a unique Cu+ surface layer upon the CuO matrix was formed during the photocatalytic reaction, and this surface Cu+ site is the active site to anchor the in situ generated CO and further perform C-C coupling to form C2H4. The C-C coupling intermediate *OC-COH was experimentally identified by in situ FT-IR studies for the first time during photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Moreover, theoretical calculations further showed the critical role of such Cu+ sites in strengthening the binding of *CO and stabilizing the C-C coupling intermediate. This work uncovers a new paradigm to achieve the reduction of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons in a photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Chaoyuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Shijie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Wanyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Hua Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
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11
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Murgida DH. In Situ Spectroelectrochemical Investigations of Electrode-Confined Electron-Transferring Proteins and Redox Enzymes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3435-3446. [PMID: 33585730 PMCID: PMC7876673 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This perspective analyzes recent advances in the spectroelectrochemical investigation of redox proteins and enzymes immobilized on biocompatible or biomimetic electrode surfaces. Specifically, the article highlights new insights obtained by surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR), surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), protein film infrared electrochemistry (PFIRE), polarization modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PMIRRAS), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DMES)-based spectroelectrochemical methods on the structure, orientation, dynamics, and reaction mechanisms for a variety of immobilized species. This includes small heme and copper electron shuttling proteins, large respiratory complexes, hydrogenases, multicopper oxidases, alcohol dehydrogenases, endonucleases, NO-reductases, and dye decolorizing peroxidases, among other enzymes. Finally, I discuss the challenges and foreseeable future developments toward a better understanding of the functioning of these complex macromolecules and their exploitation in technological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H. Murgida
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química-Física,
Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos
Aires 1428, Argentina
- Instituto
de Química Física de los Materiales, Medio Ambiente
y Energía (INQUIMAE), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
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12
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Souza JCP, Macedo LJA, Hassan A, Sedenho GC, Modenez IA, Crespilho FN. In Situ
and
Operando
Techniques for Investigating Electron Transfer in Biological Systems. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- João C. P. Souza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
- Campus Rio Verde Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 75901-970 Rio Verde Goiás Brazil
| | - Lucyano J. A. Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Graziela C. Sedenho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Iago A. Modenez
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry University of São Paulo 13560-970 São Carlos São Paulo Brazil
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