1
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Liu F, Xin X, Chang S, Liang N, Cui L, Zhai T. Broad-band-enhanced plasmonic random laser in silver nanostar arrays. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:18247-18256. [PMID: 38858986 DOI: 10.1364/oe.520523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
As a novel optical device, the plasmonic random laser has unique working principle and emission characteristics. However, the simultaneous enhancement of absorption and emission by plasmons is still a problem. In this paper, we propose a broad-band-enhanced plasmonic random laser. Two-dimensional silver (Ag) nanostar arrays were prepared using a bottom-up method with the assistance of self-assembled nanosphere templates. The plasmon resonance of Ag nanostars contributes to the pump light absorption and photoluminescence (PL) of RhB. Coherent random lasing was achieved in RhB@PVA film based on localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) dual enhancement and scattering feedback of Ag nanostars. Ag nanostars prepared with different nanosphere diameters affect the laser emission wavelength. In addition, the random laser device achieves wavelength tunability on a flexible substrate under mechanical external force.
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2
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Wu Y, Yu S, de Lázaro I. Advances in lipid nanoparticle mRNA therapeutics beyond COVID-19 vaccines. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:6820-6836. [PMID: 38502114 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable success of two lipid nanoparticle-mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has placed the therapeutic and prophylactic potential of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the spotlight. It has also drawn attention to the indispensable role of lipid nanoparticles in enabling the effects of this nucleic acid. To date, lipid nanoparticles are the most clinically advanced non-viral platforms for mRNA delivery. This is thanks to their favorable safety profile and efficiency in protecting the nucleic acid from degradation and allowing its cellular uptake and cytoplasmic release upon endosomal escape. Moreover, the development of lipid nanoparticle-mRNA therapeutics was already a very active area of research even before the COVID-19 pandemic, which has likely only begun to bear its fruits. In this Review, we first discuss key aspects of the development of lipid nanoparticles as mRNA carriers. We then highlight promising preclinical and clinical studies involving lipid nanoparticle-mRNA formulations against infectious diseases and cancer, and to enable protein replacement or supplementation and genome editing. Finally, we elaborate on the challenges in advancing lipid nanoparticle-mRNA technology to widespread therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeung Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, USA.
| | - Sinuo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, USA.
| | - Irene de Lázaro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, USA
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3
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Chen H, Gui L, Guo J, Xu K. Efficient dual-wavelength metasurface for second-order differential edge detection in the ultraviolet. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:8552-8557. [PMID: 38037968 DOI: 10.1364/ao.499446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces for edge detection through spatial analog calculations have attracted much attention due to advantages such as a flexible design and small footprint. Up until now, most studies have focused on single-wavelength operation in the near-infrared or visible regions, while little work has been done in the ultraviolet band. It is of significance to explore metasurfaces for edge detection in the ultraviolet band for their great potential in high-resolution imaging and lithography. Here, we propose a dual-wavelength H f O 2 metasurface for edge detection working at 273 nm and 293 nm, with 25% and 72% efficiency, respectively, controlled by the linear polarization of the incident light. The efficient dual-wavelength second-order differential calculation in the ultraviolet band of the metasurface has been confirmed by 1D signal and 2D image processing. It may find applications in the fields of computer vision and bioimaging.
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4
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Hollstein S, Ali LMA, Coste M, Vogel J, Bettache N, Ulrich S, von Delius M. A Triazolium-Anchored Self-Immolative Linker Enables Self-Assembly-Driven siRNA Binding and Esterase-Induced Release. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203311. [PMID: 36346344 PMCID: PMC10108132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The increased importance of RNA-based therapeutics comes with a need to develop next-generation stimuli-responsive systems capable of binding, transporting and releasing RNA oligomers. In this work, we describe triazolium-based amphiphiles capable of siRNA binding and enzyme-responsive release of the nucleic acid payload. In aqueous medium, the amphiphile self-assembles into nanocarriers that can disintegrate upon the addition of esterase. Key to the molecular design is a self-immolative linker that is anchored to the triazolium moiety and acts as a positively-charged polar head group. We demonstrate that addition of esterase leads to a degradation cascade of the linker, leaving the neutral triazole compound unable to form complexes and therefore releasing the negatively-charged siRNA. The reported molecular design and overall approach may have broad utility beyond this proof-of-principle study, because the underlying CuAAC "click" chemistry allows bringing together three groups very efficiently as well as cleaving off one of the three groups under the mild action of an esterase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Hollstein
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Lamiaa M. A. Ali
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
- Department of BiochemistryMedical Research InstituteUniversity of Alexandria21561AlexandriaEgypt
| | - Maëva Coste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Julian Vogel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Nadir Bettache
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)CNRSUniversité de Montpellier, ENSCMMontpellierFrance
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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5
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Wang X, Cao Q, Wang R, Cao X, Liu S. Domain growth driven by a femtosecond laser in lithium niobate crystal. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:566-569. [PMID: 36723532 DOI: 10.1364/ol.469202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate to drive domain growth in lithium niobate crystal by using a focused infrared femtosecond laser without relative displacement or any additional treatment. The physical process has four stages: modified domain generation; thermoelectric field formation; domain inversion; and domain growth. The length of domain growth depends on drive energy (pulse energy) and drive time (number of pulses), up to 155 µm. We use this approach to rapidly fabricate two-dimensional period-inverted domain structures and perform frequency-doubling conversion based on quasi-phase-matching. Laser-driven domain growth delivers an efficient manufacturing route for tailored functional materials.
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6
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Liu Y, Gui L, Xu K. Enhancement of second-harmonic generation from Fano plasmonic metasurfaces by introducing structural asymmetries. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:42440-42453. [PMID: 36366698 DOI: 10.1364/oe.469129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Resonant plasmonic metasurfaces have attracted much attention for great potential in augmenting nonlinear optical conversion at the nanoscale and thus related sensing and integrated optics applications. In this work, we use the nonlinear scattering theory to numerically investigate enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) from Fano metasurfaces which consist of gold asymmetric double-bars. We find that the Fano resonance at the fundamental wavelength boosts the nonlinear response by more than a factor of 60. On this basis, by introducing translational and rotational structural asymmetries, the SHG signal is further amplified because of the broken mirror symmetry. More specifically, under the optimal condition, the previously suppressed SHG component can be greatly released and play a more important role compared to the original existing SHG component in an extra 6-fold enhancement in total SHG intensity. The 360-fold enhancement by tailoring both resonance quality and structural asymmetries indicates the clear and important roles of both linear resonance and local-field distribution in reaching the largest SHG emission. Our results are a step towards enlarging SHG responses of more complex plasmonic nanostructures.
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7
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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in asymptomatic and symptomatic children attended in a referral public pediatric hospital in Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2022:S0325-7541(22)00082-7. [PMID: 36402614 PMCID: PMC9618439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, different reports have shown that children reach similar SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) levels compared to adults; however, the impact of VL on children remains ambiguous when asymptomatic versus symptomatic cases are compared. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess VL at the time of diagnosis in asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected children. VL analysis was retrospectively carried out from nasopharyngeal swabs on 82 SARS-CoV-2 infected children, from March to October 2020. Of the 82 children, 31 were asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients had significantly higher VL values compared to asymptomatic ones (median = 7.41 vs 4.35 log10 copies/ml, respectively). Notwithstanding, 8 out of 31 asymptomatic children had high VL levels, overlapping levels observed above the first quartile in the symptomatic group. Analysis of different age groups revealed that median VL values were higher in the symptomatic groups, although there was only a significant difference in children younger than 5 years of age. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the VL values from the 82 SARS-CoV-2 infected children according to age, sex, underlying disease, symptoms or severity of COVID-19 related disease. This study emphasizes the importance of VL analysis in SARS-CoV-2 infected children, who could contribute to viral spread in the community. This concern could be extended to healthcare workers, who are in contact with children.
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8
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Shi M, Zhao M, Zheng Q, Jiao L, Su Z, Li M, Zhao X, Song X, Yang S. Uniform Bi-Bi 2O 3 nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide composites for high-performance aqueous alkaline batteries. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12114-12124. [PMID: 35904078 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous alkaline batteries (AABs) with the merits of both high energy density and power density have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for the new generation of energy storage devices, while their practical applications are still limited by the lack of high-performance electrode materials, especially for the anode materials. Herein, metallic bismuth-bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi-Bi2O3), with numerous heterogeneous interfaces, are successfully anchored and uniformly distributed on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets. When Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20 electrode is used as the anode material for an AAB, it shows a high specific capacity of 288.0 mA h g-1 (1036.9 F g-1) at 1 A g-1 and good rate capability (74.7% of capacity retention ratio at 20 A g-1). Additionally, in order to match well with a Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20 anode, CoVSx thin sheets decorated with Ni-Co layered double hydroxide sheets (NiCo-LDH) were successfully constructed via a facile multistep hydrothermal method and a subsequent electrodeposition process. The resulting cathode exhibits a high specific capacity of 306.0 mA h g-1 (2448 F g-1) at 1 A g-1. The assembled CoVSx@NiCo-LDH//Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20 AAB delivers an outstanding energy density of 106.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 789.6 W kg-1. Besides, the as-synthesized Bi-based electrode is also used in aqueous Zn alkaline batteries to further extend its application and the assembled Bi-Bi2O3/rGO-20//Zn batteries possess an ultralong flat discharge plateau and exhibit a specific capacity of 250.6 mA h g-1 at 1 A g-1. The results demonstrate that the as-assembled AAB has huge potential for practical applications and provides an inspiration for the next-generation energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mangmang Shi
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Mingshu Zhao
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | | | - Lidong Jiao
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhou Su
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Min Li
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiaobo Zhao
- Xi'an Fiber Textile Supervision and Inspection Institute, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Sen Yang
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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9
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Zhang Y, Kim H, Zhang W, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gao Y, Maruyama M, Okada S, Shinokita K, Matsuda K. Magnon-Coupled Intralayer Moiré Trion in Monolayer Semiconductor-Antiferromagnet Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200301. [PMID: 35233833 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moiré fringe patterns created by stacking different 2D layered materials as artificial van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have become a novel platform to study and engineer optically generated excitonic properties. The moiré patterns contribute to the formation of spatially ordered excitonic states (excitons and trions), which can be used in the quantum simulation of many-body systems and ensembles of coherent quantum light emitters. The intriguing moiré excitonic properties are affected by and controlled via the interaction with magnetic elements. Here, a moiré excitonic system interacting with the magnetic elementary excitation of antiferromagnetic orders in MoSe2 /MnPS3 vdW heterostructures is reported. The low-temperature photoluminescence spectra with additional fine spectral structures on the low-energy side, which are coupled magnon-trion peaks below the Néel temperature of MnPS3 , are carefully investigated. The fine spectral structures with long lifetime and coherence time are assigned to intralayer trion-magnon complexes trapped in the moiré potentials (moiré trion-magnon complexes). These findings highlight the emergence of moiré trion-magnon complexes and provide a new way to explore novel quantum phenomena in moiré excitonic systems with magnetic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Heejun Kim
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wenjin Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yanlin Gao
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Mina Maruyama
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Susumu Okada
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinokita
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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10
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Krishnaiah M, Kim S, Kumar A, Mishra D, Seo SG, Jin SH. Physically Detachable and Operationally Stable Cs 2 SnI 6 Photodetector Arrays Integrated with µ-LEDs for Broadband Flexible Optical Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109673. [PMID: 35246891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the surge in perovskite research, practical features for future applications are desired to be secured, but the reliability of the materials and the use of hazardous Pb are longstanding problems. Here, an air-stable Cs2 SnI6 (CSI) is prepared via diluted hydriodic acid solvent-based precursor optimization during scalable hydrothermal growth. Materials characterization is performed using various elemental peak analyses and crystallographic identification. The resulting CSI exhibits long-term operating stability over 6 months, i) at elevated temperatures, ii) in ambient air, and iii) under light illumination from UV to near-infrared. More importantly, to demonstrate an intriguing class of applications up to system level, physically detachable CSI photodetector arrays (PD-arrays), integrated with micro-light-emitting-diodes (μ-LEDs) arrays, are successfully fabricated. In addition, 3 × 3 flexible CSI PDs are fully operational, even in air, and their spatial uniformity in pixels is quantitatively evaluated. The charge-transport mechanisms of the CSI PDs under light and elevated temperature are assessed via temperature-dependent characterization from 148 to 373 K, implying the involvement of 3D variable-range hopping. Multicycle evaluation of the CSI PD-arrays confirms their operational stability in AC and DC modes, demonstrating this platform's potential benefit for wireless optical interconnection in advanced Si technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokurala Krishnaiah
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungyeob Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Dhananjay Mishra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Gi Seo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hun Jin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, 406-772, Republic of Korea
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11
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Rapid Bacterial Detection in Urine Using Laser Scattering and Deep Learning Analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0176921. [PMID: 35234514 PMCID: PMC8941854 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01769-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Images of laser scattering patterns generated by bacteria in urine are promising resources for deep learning. However, floating bacteria in urine produce dynamic scattering patterns and require deep learning of spatial and temporal features. We hypothesized that bacteria with variable bacterial densities and different Gram staining reactions would generate different speckle images. After deep learning of speckle patterns generated by various densities of bacteria in artificial urine, we validated the model in an independent set of clinical urine samples in a tertiary hospital. Even at a low bacterial density cutoff (1,000 CFU/mL), the model achieved a predictive accuracy of 90.9% for positive urine culture. At a cutoff of 50,000 CFU/mL, it showed a better accuracy of 98.5%. The model achieved satisfactory accuracy at both cutoff levels for predicting the Gram staining reaction. Considering only 30 min of analysis, our method appears as a new screening tool for predicting the presence of bacteria before urine culture. IMPORTANCE This study performed deep learning of multiple laser scattering patterns by the bacteria in urine to predict positive urine culture. Conventional urine analyzers have limited performance in identifying bacteria in urine. This novel method showed a satisfactory accuracy taking only 30 min of analysis without conventional urine culture. It was also developed to predict the Gram staining reaction of the bacteria. It can be used as a standalone screening tool for urinary tract infection.
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12
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In-situ growth of mullite whiskers and their effect on the microstructure and properties of porous mullite ceramics with an open/closed pore structure. Ann Ital Chir 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Molla KA, Sretenovic S, Bansal KC, Qi Y. Precise plant genome editing using base editors and prime editors. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1166-1187. [PMID: 34518669 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of CRISPR-Cas systems has sparked a genome editing revolution in plant genetics and breeding. These sequence-specific RNA-guided nucleases can induce DNA double-stranded breaks, resulting in mutations by imprecise non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair or precise DNA sequence replacement by homology-directed repair (HDR). However, HDR is highly inefficient in many plant species, which has greatly limited precise genome editing in plants. To fill the vital gap in precision editing, base editing and prime editing technologies have recently been developed and demonstrated in numerous plant species. These technologies, which are mainly based on Cas9 nickases, can introduce precise changes into the target genome at a single-base resolution. This Review provides a timely overview of the current status of base editors and prime editors in plants, covering both technological developments and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutubuddin A Molla
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India.
| | - Simon Sretenovic
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kailash C Bansal
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Asia-India, New Delhi, India
| | - Yiping Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, USA.
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14
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Oh J, Lee K, Park Y. Enhancing sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy using a scattering cavity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14916. [PMID: 34290293 PMCID: PMC8295268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Absorption spectroscopy is widely used to detect samples with spectral specificity. Here, we propose and demonstrate a method for enhancing the sensitivity of absorption spectroscopy. Exploiting multiple light scattering generated by a boron nitride (h-BN) scattering cavity, the optical path lengths of light inside a diffusive reflective cavity are significantly increased, resulting in more than ten times enhancement of sensitivity in absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate highly sensitive spectral measurements of low concentrations of malachite green and crystal violet aqueous solutions. Because this method only requires the addition of a scattering cavity to existing absorption spectroscopy, it is expected to enable immediate and widespread applications in various fields, from analytical chemistry to environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghun Oh
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - KyeoReh Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Tomocube, Inc., Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Kutter JS, de Meulder D, Bestebroer TM, Lexmond P, Mulders A, Richard M, Fouchier RAM, Herfst S. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted through the air between ferrets over more than one meter distance. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1653. [PMID: 33712573 PMCID: PMC7955093 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 and caused a pandemic, whereas the closely related SARS-CoV was contained rapidly in 2003. Here, an experimental set-up is used to study transmission of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 through the air between ferrets over more than a meter distance. Both viruses cause a robust productive respiratory tract infection resulting in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to two of four indirect recipient ferrets and SARS-CoV to all four. A control pandemic A/H1N1 influenza virus also transmits efficiently. Serological assays confirm all virus transmission events. Although the experiments do not discriminate between transmission via small aerosols, large droplets and fomites, these results demonstrate that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious while traveling through the air. Efficient virus transmission between ferrets is in agreement with frequent SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in mink farms. Although the evidence for virus transmission via the air between humans under natural conditions is absent or weak for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, ferrets may represent a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin S Kutter
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis de Meulder
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ard Mulders
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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