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Liang Y, Kaushal D, Wilson RB. Cellular Senescence and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Obesity-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7943. [PMID: 39063184 PMCID: PMC11276987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores the pathophysiology of obesity, cellular senescence, and exosome release. When exposed to excessive nutrients, adipocytes develop mitochondrial dysfunction and generate reactive oxygen species with DNA damage. This triggers adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia, inhibition of adiponectin secretion and adipogenesis, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and maladaptive unfolded protein response, metaflammation, and polarization of macrophages. Such feed-forward cycles are not resolved by antioxidant systems, heat shock response pathways, or DNA repair mechanisms, resulting in transmissible cellular senescence via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Senescence can thus affect preadipocytes, mature adipocytes, tissue macrophages and lymphocytes, hepatocytes, vascular endothelium, pancreatic β cells, myocytes, hypothalamic nuclei, and renal podocytes. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is closely related to visceral adipose tissue expansion and metaflammation; inhibition of SIRT-1, adiponectin, and autophagy; and increased release of exosomes, exosomal micro-RNAs, pro-inflammatory adipokines, and saturated free fatty acids. The resulting hypernefemia, insulin resistance, and diminished fatty acid β-oxidation lead to lipotoxicity and progressive obesity, metabolic syndrome, and physical and cognitive functional decline. Weight cycling is related to continuing immunosenescence and exposure to palmitate. Cellular senescence, exosome release, and the transmissible senescence-associated secretory phenotype contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Targeted therapies have interrelated and synergistic effects on cellular senescence, obesity, and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Liang
- Bankstown Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Campbelltown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, High St., Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Wang C, An T, Lu C, Liu T, Shan X, Zhu Z, Gao Y. Tangzhiping Decoction Improves Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Exerts Protective Effects Against White Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Prediabetic Mice. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2951-2969. [PMID: 39050798 PMCID: PMC11268521 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s462603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prediabetes, characterized by a series of metabolic abnormalities, increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Tangzhiping (TZP), a clinically validated traditional Chinese medicine formula, is used to treat impaired glucose tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of TZP in intervening prediabetes is not fully elucidated. Purpose The current study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of TZP against prediabetes mice and explore its potential mechanism. Methods After establishing a prediabetic animal model through 12 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding, mice were subjected to TZP for 8 weeks. Various parameters related to body weight, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity were measured. Histopathological examinations observed adipose cell size and liver lipid deposition. The Sable Promethion system assessed energy metabolism activity. Transcriptomic analysis of Epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT) identified enriched pathways and genes. The key genes in the enriched pathways were identified through RT-PCR. Results Our data revealed that the administration of TZP reduced body weight and fat mass in a prediabetes mouse model. TZP normalized the glucose and insulin levels, improved insulin resistance, and decreased plasma TC and FFA. The alleviation of adipose tissue hypertrophy and lipid deposition by TZP was demonstrated through pathological examination. Indirect calorimetry measurements indicated a potential increase in VO2 and EE levels with TZP. The results of EWAT transcription showed that TZP reversed pathways and genes related to inflammation and catabolic metabolism. RT-PCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression of inflammation and lipolysis, including Tlr2, Ccr5, Ccl9, Itgb2, Lipe, Pnpla2, Cdo1, Ces1d, Echs1, and Acad11, were changed by TZP treatment. Conclusion TZP effectively alleviates obesity, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance. The effect of TZP might be associated with the regulation of gene expression in dysfunctional adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiting Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian An
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Shan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyao Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Ma C, Zhao Q, Yin H, Li L, Wang D, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Shi X, Li X, Huang C. Interleukin-6 promotes visceral adipose tissue accumulation during aging via inhibiting fat lipolysis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:111906. [PMID: 38593501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related visceral obesity could contribute to the development of cardiometabolic complications. The pathogenesis of visceral fat mass accumulation during the aging process remains complex and largely unknown. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as one of the prominent inflammaging markers which are elevated in circulation during aging. However, the precise role of IL-6 in regulating age-related visceral adipose tissue accumulation remains uncertain. RESULTS A cross-sectional study including 77 older adults (≥65 years of age) was initially conducted. There was a significant positive association between serum IL-6 levels and visceral fat mass. We subsequently validated a modest but significant elevation in serum IL-6 levels in aged mice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that compared to wildtype control, IL-6 deficiency (IL-6 KO) significantly attenuated the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue during aging. Further metabolic characterization suggested that IL-6 deficiency resulted in improved lipid metabolism parameters and energy expenditure in aged mice. Moreover, histological examinations of adipose depots revealed that the absence of IL-6 ameliorated adipocyte hypertrophy in visceral adipose tissue of aged mice. Mechanically, the ablation of IL-6 could promote the PKA-mediated lipolysis and consequently mitigate lipid accumulation in adipose tissue in aged mice. CONCLUSION Our findings identify a detrimental role of IL-6 during the aging process by promoting visceral adipose tissue accumulation through inhibition of lipolysis. Therefore, strategies aimed at preventing or reducing IL-6 levels may potentially ameliorate age-related obesity and improve metabolism during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Hongyan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Long Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China; Department of Public Health and Medical Technology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yinxiang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China.
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Han Y, Sun Q, Chen W, Gao Y, Ye J, Chen Y, Wang T, Gao L, Liu Y, Yang Y. New advances of adiponectin in regulating obesity and related metabolic syndromes. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:100913. [PMID: 38799237 PMCID: PMC11127227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic syndromes have been recognized as important disease risks, in which the role of adipokines cannot be ignored. Adiponectin (ADP) is one of the key adipokines with various beneficial effects, including improving glucose and lipid metabolism, enhancing insulin sensitivity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting ceramides degradation, and stimulating adipose tissue vascularity. Based on those, it can serve as a positive regulator in many metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), sarcopenia, neurodegenerative diseases, and certain cancers. Therefore, a promising therapeutic approach for treating various metabolic diseases may involve elevating ADP levels or activating ADP receptors. The modulation of ADP genes, multimerization, and secretion covers the main processes of ADP generation, providing a comprehensive orientation for the development of more appropriate therapeutic strategies. In order to have a deeper understanding of ADP, this paper will provide an all-encompassing review of ADP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qianwen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanfang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Li YM, He HW, Zhang N. Targeting Protein Phosphatases for the Treatment of Chronic Liver Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:171-189. [PMID: 38213163 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501278886231221092522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
There exists a huge number of patients suffering from chronic liver disease worldwide. As a disease with high incidence and mortality worldwide, strengthening the research on the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease and the development of novel drugs is an important issue related to the health of all human beings. Phosphorylation modification of proteins plays a crucial role in cellular signal transduction, and phosphatases are involved in the development of liver diseases. Therefore, this article summarized the important role of protein phosphatases in chronic liver disease with the aim of facilitating the development of drugs targeting protein phosphatases for the treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Microbial Drugs, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
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Zhang Y, Fang XM. The pan-liver network theory: From traditional chinese medicine to western medicine. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2023; 66:401-436. [PMID: 38149555 DOI: 10.4103/cjop.cjop-d-22-00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the liver is the "general organ" that is responsible for governing/maintaining the free flow of qi over the entire body and storing blood. According to the classic five elements theory, zang-xiang theory, yin-yang theory, meridians and collaterals theory, and the five-viscera correlation theory, the liver has essential relationships with many extrahepatic organs or tissues, such as the mother-child relationships between the liver and the heart, and the yin-yang and exterior-interior relationships between the liver and the gallbladder. The influences of the liver to the extrahepatic organs or tissues have been well-established when treating the extrahepatic diseases from the perspective of modulating the liver by using the ancient classic prescriptions of TCM and the acupuncture and moxibustion. In modern medicine, as the largest solid organ in the human body, the liver has the typical functions of filtration and storage of blood; metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, hormones, and foreign chemicals; formation of bile; storage of vitamins and iron; and formation of coagulation factors. The liver also has essential endocrine function, and acts as an immunological organ due to containing the resident immune cells. In the perspective of modern human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology, the liver has the organ interactions with the extrahepatic organs or tissues, for example, the gut, pancreas, adipose, skeletal muscle, heart, lung, kidney, brain, spleen, eyes, skin, bone, and sexual organs, through the circulation (including hemodynamics, redox signals, hepatokines, metabolites, and the translocation of microbiota or its products, such as endotoxins), the neural signals, or other forms of pathogenic factors, under normal or diseases status. The organ interactions centered on the liver not only influence the homeostasis of these indicated organs or tissues, but also contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic diseases (including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic [dysfunction]-associated fatty liver diseases, and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases), pulmonary diseases, hyperuricemia and gout, chronic kidney disease, and male and female sexual dysfunction. Therefore, based on TCM and modern medicine, the liver has the bidirectional interaction with the extrahepatic organ or tissue, and this established bidirectional interaction system may further interact with another one or more extrahepatic organs/tissues, thus depicting a complex "pan-hepatic network" model. The pan-hepatic network acts as one of the essential mechanisms of homeostasis and the pathogenesis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology; Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong; Issue 12th of Guangxi Apprenticeship Education of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Shi-Cheng Class of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), College of Continuing Education, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xian-Ming Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine (Guangxi Hospital of Integrated Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Ruikang Clinical Faculty of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine), Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Zhang W, Lang R. Macrophage metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1257596. [PMID: 37868954 PMCID: PMC10586316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1257596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its inflammatory and often progressive subtype nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), have emerged as significant contributors to hepatic morbidity worldwide. The pathophysiology of NAFLD/NASH is multifaceted, variable, and remains incompletely understood. The pivotal role of liver-resident and recruited macrophages in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH is widely acknowledged as a crucial factor in innate immunity. The remarkable plasticity of macrophages enables them to assume diverse activation and polarization states, dictated by their immunometabolism microenvironment and functional requirements. Recent studies in the field of immunometabolism have elucidated that alterations in the metabolic profile of macrophages can profoundly influence their activation state and functionality, thereby influencing various pathological processes. This review primarily focuses on elucidating the polarization and activation states of macrophages, highlighting the correlation between their metabolic characteristics and the transition from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Additionally, we explore the potential of targeting macrophage metabolism as a promising therapeutic approach for the management of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Bordonaro S, Chessari G, Mastrangelo S, Senczuk G, Chessa S, Castiglioni B, Tumino S, Marletta D, Criscione A. Genome-wide population structure, homozygosity, and heterozygosity patterns of Nero Siciliano pig in the framework of Italian and cosmopolitan breeds. Anim Genet 2023; 54:591-605. [PMID: 37381662 DOI: 10.1111/age.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of genomic data is becoming more and more common for the effective management of livestock breeding programmes, even in the case of local populations. In this work, the genome-wide data of Nero Siciliano pig breed were compared to that of wild boar, Italian local and cosmopolitan breeds to investigate its genetic structure, and runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity patterns. The Nero Siciliano has been reported to have the highest rate of genetic diversity among the Italian breeds, and a genetic variability comparable to that of the cosmopolitan breeds. Analyses of genomic structure and relationships underlined its proximity to wild boar, and an internal substructure probably linked to different family lines. The breed showed a low value of inbreeding estimated from ROH, and the highest diversity index among the Italian breeds, even if lower than that of the cosmopolitans. Four ROH islands in three chromosomes (SSC8, SSC11, and SSC14) and one heterozygosity-rich region (SSC1) were identified in Nero Siciliano, highlighting genomic regions related to productive QTL. Across breeds, SSC8 and SSC14 were the chromosomes with most ROH islands, with Mora Romagnola and wild boar showing the highest level of autozygosity. Chromosomes SSC2, SSC6, SSC8 and SSC13 showed the majority of runs of heterozygosity regions, mainly found in the cosmopolitan pig breeds, which reported several genes associated with health-related QTL. The outlined results can help to better identify the genomic profile of this local breed in order to plan matings, maintain adequate internal diversity and exploit the production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Chessari
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Serena Tumino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Criscione
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Shin MC, Jung YH, Jeong Y, Oh AR, Lee SB, Kim K. Kctd17-mediated Chop degradation promotes adipogenic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:126-132. [PMID: 36868076 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with excessive adipogenesis, a process by which preadipocytes undergo differentiation into mature adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying adipogenesis are not completely understood. Potassium channel tetramerization domain-containing 17 (Kctd17) belongs to the Kctd superfamily and act as a substrate adaptor of the Cullin 3-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, which is involved in a wide variety of cell functions. However, its function in the adipose tissue remains largely unknown. Here, we found that Kctd17 expression levels were increased in white adipose tissue, especially in adipocytes, in obese mice compared to lean control mice. Gain or loss of function of Kctd17 in preadipocytes inhibited or promoted adipogenesis, respectively. Furthermore, we found that Kctd17 bound to C/EBP homologous protein (Chop) to target it for ubiquitin-mediated degradation, and this process was likely associated with increased adipogenesis. In conclusion, these data suggest that Kctd17 plays an important role in adipogenesis and can be a novel therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cheol Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Yelin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea.
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Liu X, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhang Z, Cui L, Wei T. Loss of pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 has protective effects on high glucose-injured retinal ganglion cells via the effect on the Akt-GSK-3β-Nrf2 pathway. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:373-385. [PMID: 36562794 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pleckstrin homology domain and leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase 2 (PHLPP2) is linked to various pathological states. However, whether PHLPP2 mediates diabetic retinopathy is unaddressed. This work explored the biological function of PHLPP2 in modulating high glucose (HG)-elicited damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), an in vitro model for studying diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Mouse RGCs were treated with HG to establish a cell model. PHLPP2 was silenced by transfecting specific shRNAs targeting PHLPP2. RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, and ELISA were carried out. RESULTS Significant increases in PHLPP2 levels were observed in cultured RGCs exposed to HG. The severe damages evoked by HG to RGCs were remarkably weakened in PHLPP2-silenced RGCs, including improved cell survival, attenuated cell apoptosis, repressed oxidative stress, and prohibited proinflammatory response. The silencing of PHLPP2 strengthened the activation of Nrf2 in HG-treated RGCs via modulation of the Akt-GSK-3β axis. Interruption of the Akt-GSK-3β axis reversed PHLPP2-silencing-elicited Nrf2 activation. The protective effects of PHLPP2 silencing on HG-induced injury of RGCs were diminished by Nrf2 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS The loss of PHLPP2 was beneficial for HG-injured RGCs through the effect on the Akt-GSK-3β-Nrf2 pathway. This work suggests a possible role of PHLPP2 in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- The Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- The Institute of Neurobiology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No. 76 Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
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11
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Li J, Wu K, Zhong Y, Kuang J, Huang N, Guo X, Du H, Guo C, Li R, Zhu X, Zhang T, Gong L, Sheng L, Sun R. Si-Ni-SAN ameliorates obesity through AKT/AMPK/HSL pathway-mediated lipolysis: Network pharmacology and experimental validation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115892. [PMID: 36334816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si-Ni-San (SNS) is a famous Chinese herbal formula used in China for thousands of years. It has clinical effects on a variety of lipid metabolism disorders, but the ameliorating effects of SNS on obesity and underlying mechanisms remained poorly elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of SNS on obesity from multiple perspectives in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of SNS. Then network pharmacologic methods were performed to predict underlying mechanisms, and the core pathways were verified in animal and cell studies. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SNS significantly reduced body weight, body fat content, white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion in obese mice, and lipid accumulation in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cells. Network pharmacologic analysis identified 66 potential therapeutic targets, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of these genes revealed that the most important signaling pathway includes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, lipid and atherosclerosis. Western blot assay confirmed that SNS activated hormone-sensitive triglyceride lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) activity and promoted lipolysis through AMPK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION The results confirmed that SNS improves lipid accumulation through AKT/AMPK/HSL axis mediated lipolysis, which opens a new option for clinical treatment of obesity and associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Li
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Kaiyi Wu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Ying Zhong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Jiangying Kuang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Nana Huang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Xin Guo
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin, 301617, China.
| | - Hang Du
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Chong Guo
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Rongrong Li
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 4655 Daxue Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
| | - Liping Gong
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Lisong Sheng
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Ave, Jinan, Shandong, 250033, China; Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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12
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Castaño C, Novials A, Párrizas M. An Overview of Inter-Tissue and Inter-Kingdom Communication Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in the Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2071. [PMID: 36768391 PMCID: PMC9916451 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with defects of insulin action in different tissues or alterations in β-cell secretory capacity that may be triggered by environmental challenges, inadequate lifestyle choices, or an underlying genetic predisposition. In addition, recent data shows that obesity may also be caused by perturbations of the gut microbiota, which then affect metabolic function and energy homeostasis in the host. Maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in complex organisms such as mammals requires organismal-level communication, including between the different organs and the gut microbiota. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified in all domains of life and have emerged as crucial players in inter-organ and inter-kingdom crosstalk. Interestingly, EVs found in edible vegetables or in milk have been shown to influence gut microbiota or tissue function in mammals. Moreover, there is a multidirectional crosstalk mediated by EVs derived from gut microbiota and body organs that has implications for host health. Untangling this complex signaling network may help implement novel therapies for the treatment of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Castaño
- Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Group, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcelina Párrizas
- Pathogenesis and Prevention of Diabetes Group, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Sharma M, Dey CS. PHLPP isoforms differentially regulate Akt isoforms and AS160 affecting neuronal insulin signaling and insulin resistance via Scribble. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:179. [PMID: 36376971 PMCID: PMC9664818 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to determine the role of individual PHLPP isoforms in insulin signaling and insulin resistance in neuronal cells. METHODS PHLPP isoforms were either silenced or overexpressed individually, and the effects were observed on individual Akt isoforms, AS160 and on neuronal glucose uptake, under insulin sensitive and resistant conditions. To determine PHLPP regulation itself, we tested effect of scaffold protein, Scribble, on PHLPP isoforms and neuronal glucose uptake. RESULTS We observed elevated expression of both PHLPP1 and PHLPP2 in insulin resistant neuronal cells (Neuro-2A, mouse neuroblastoma; SHSY-5Y, human neuroblastoma) as well as in the whole brain lysates of high-fat-diet mediated diabetic mice. In insulin sensitive condition, PHLPP isoforms differentially affected activation of all Akt isoforms, wherein PHLPP1 regulated serine phosphorylation of Akt2 and Akt3, while PHLPP2 regulated Akt1 and Akt3. This PHLPP mediated Akt isoform specific regulation activated AS160 affecting glucose uptake. Under insulin resistant condition, a similar trend of results were observed in Akt isoforms, AS160 and glucose uptake. Over-expressed PHLPP isoforms combined with elevated endogenous expression under insulin resistant condition drastically affected downstream signaling, reducing neuronal glucose uptake. No compensation was observed amongst PHLPP isoforms under all conditions tested, indicating independent roles and pointing towards possible scaffolding interactions behind isoform specificity. Silencing of Scribble, a scaffolding protein known to interact with PHLPP, affected cellular localization of both PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, and caused increase in glucose uptake. CONCLUSIONS PHLPP isoforms play independent roles via Scribble in regulating Akt isoforms differentially, affecting AS160 and neuronal glucose uptake. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Sharma
- grid.417967.a0000 0004 0558 8755Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- grid.417967.a0000 0004 0558 8755Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
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14
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Fang Z, Wei L, Lv Y, Wang T, Hamezah HS, Han R, Tong X. Phillyrin restores metabolic disorders in mice fed with high-fat diet through inhibition of interleukin-6-mediated basal lipolysis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:956218. [PMID: 36276810 PMCID: PMC9581271 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.956218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of white adipose tissue as an energy reservoir is impaired in obesity, leading to lipid spillover and ectopic lipid deposition. Adipose tissue inflammation can reduce the efficacy of lipid storage in adipocytes by augmenting basal lipolysis through producing interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, pharmacological compounds targeting adipose tissue inflammation or IL-6 signaling might have the potential to combat obesity. This study aims to investigate the impact of Phillyrin, which is frequently used for treating respiratory infections in clinics in China, on obesity-related metabolic dysfunctions. Firstly, a mouse model of diet-induced obesity is used to assess the pharmacological applications of Phillyrin on obesity in vivo. Secondly, ex vivo culture of adipose tissue explants is utilized to investigate actions of Phillyrin on IL-6-linked basal lipolysis. Thirdly, a mouse model of IL-6 injection into visceral adipose tissue is explored to confirm the anti-basal lipolytic effect of Phillyrin against IL-6 in vivo. The results show that Phillyrin treatment reduces circulating level of glycerol, decreases hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Meanwhile, Phillyrin attenuates obesity-related inflammation and IL-6 production in adipose tissue in obese mice. Furthermore, Phillyrin treatment results in resistance to IL-6-induced basal lipolysis in adipose tissue through suppressing expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) both in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest that Phillyrin can restrain lipid efflux from inflamed adipose tissue in obesity by inhibiting IL-6-initiated basal lipolysis and ATGL expression, and thus is a potential candidate in the treatment of obesity-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizheng Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanping Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tongsheng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | | | - Rongchun Han
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,*Correspondence: Rongchun Han,
| | - Xiaohui Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China,Xiaohui Tong,
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15
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Guo YY, Li BY, Xiao G, Liu Y, Guo L, Tang QQ. Cdo1 promotes PPARγ-mediated adipose tissue lipolysis in male mice. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1352-1368. [PMID: 36253617 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00644-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine dioxygenase 1 (Cdo1) is a key enzyme in taurine synthesis. Here we show that Cdo1 promotes lipolysis in adipose tissue. Adipose-specific knockout of Cdo1 in mice impairs energy expenditure, cold tolerance and lipolysis, exacerbates diet-induced obesity (DIO) and decreases adipose expression of the key lipolytic genes encoding ATGL and HSL, with little effect on adipose taurine levels. White-adipose-specific overexpression of ATGL and HSL blunts the role of adipose Cdo1 deficiency in promoting DIO. Mechanistically, Cdo1 interacts with PPARγ and facilitates the recruitment of Med24, the core subunit of mediator complex, to ATGL and HSL gene promoters, thereby transactivating their expression. Further, mice with transgenic overexpression of Cdo1 show better cold tolerance, ameliorated DIO and higher lipolysis capacity. Thus, we uncover an unexpected and important role of Cdo1 in regulating adipose lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Guo
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bai-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, and School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qi-Qun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Yadav Y, Dey CS. Ser/Thr phosphatases: One of the key regulators of insulin signaling. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:905-917. [PMID: 35697962 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is an important post-translational modification that regulates several cellular processes including insulin signaling. The evidences so far have already portrayed the importance of balanced actions of kinases and phosphatases in regulating the insulin signaling cascade. Therefore, elucidating the role of both kinases and phosphatases are equally important. Unfortunately, the role of phosphatases is less studied as compared to kinases. Since brain responds to insulin and insulin signaling is reported to be crucial for many neuronal processes, it is important to understand the role of neuronal insulin signaling regulators. Ser/Thr phosphatases seem to play significant roles in regulating neuronal insulin signaling. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the involvement of Ser/Thr phosphatases in regulating insulin signaling and insulin resistance in neuronal system at the backdrop of the same phosphatases in peripheral insulin sensitive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Yadav
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Chinmoy Sankar Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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17
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Approaches to Measuring the Activity of Major Lipolytic and Lipogenic Enzymes In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911093. [PMID: 36232405 PMCID: PMC9570359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1950s, one of the goals of adipose tissue research has been to determine lipolytic and lipogenic activity as the primary metabolic pathways affecting adipocyte health and size and thus representing potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated diseases. Nowadays, there is a relatively large number of methods to measure the activity of these pathways and involved enzymes, but their applicability to different biological samples is variable. Here, we review the characteristics of mean lipogenic and lipolytic enzymes, their inhibitors, and available methodologies for assessing their activity, and comment on the advantages and disadvantages of these methodologies and their applicability in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, i.e., in cells, organs and their respective extracts, with the emphasis on adipocytes and adipose tissue.
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18
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Zhang Y, Huang B, Yang W, Zhong S, Lai S, Zhao H, He J, Cai S, Lv S, Wang C, Jia Y. Correlations Between Endocrine Hormones and Cognitive Function in Patients with Obesity: a Cross-sectional Study. Obes Surg 2022; 32:2299-2308. [PMID: 35486288 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-06076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity not only affects physical and mental conditions, but also influences cognitive function. Endocrine hormones may influence the risk of obesity and severe obesity. Our study investigated the influences of changes in levels of endocrine hormones on cognitive function in patients with obesity and severe obesity. METHODS We used the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to evaluate cognitive function in the groups of healthy control (HC), obesity (OB), and severe obesity (SOB). We detected the levels of endocrine hormones and cortisol at 8:00 am in the three groups. We statistically analyzed differences in cognitive function and levels of endocrine hormones among the three groups, and performed linear correlation analysis of cortisol level and cognitive function. Using mediation analysis, we assessed the influences of body mass index (BMI) on endocrine levels and cognitive function. RESULTS Our findings revealed that OB and SOB groups exhibited a lower level of cortisol than HC group. Among the three groups, we found significant differences in verbal learning (F = 4.433, P = 0.014), social cognition (F = 4.778, P = 0.010), and total cognition (F = 2.989, P = 0.008). After post hoc Bonferroni correction, we noted that SOB group had worse scores in the above-mentioned three areas than OB and HC groups. Moreover, except for working memory and visual cognition, we identified that the degree of cognitive impairment in SOB group was more severe than that in OB group. In our study, mediation analysis showed a mediating effect of BMI on cortisol level and verbal learning. We also found correlations between cortisol level and attention/alertness (r = 0.277, P = 0.003), between cortisol level and verbal learning (r = 0.205, P = 0.030), and between BMI and verbal learning (r = - 0.192, P = 0.043). CONCLUSION In our study, patients in both OB and SOB groups experienced a widespread cognitive impairment. We also found that patients with severe obesity had more severe cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment could be mediated by abnormal cortisol metabolism, and BMI could be a mediating factor in regulation of cortisol level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Institute of Metabolic Medicine Between State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wah Yang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Joint Institute of Metabolic Medicine Between State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiali He
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujing Cai
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sihui Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cunchuan Wang
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. .,Joint Institute of Metabolic Medicine Between State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
The global prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising, along with the epidemic of diabesity. NAFLD is present in >70% of individuals with type 2 diabetes. Although the mutually detrimental relationship between NAFLD and type 2 diabetes has been well established, a multitude of recent studies have further shown that type 2 diabetes is closely linked to the development of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver‐related morbidity and mortality. In contrast, NAFLD also negatively impacts type 2 diabetes both in terms of its incidence and related adverse clinical outcomes, including cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. In response to these global health threats, clinical care pathways for NAFLD and guidelines for metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease have been developed. Several antidiabetic agents have been evaluated for their potential hepatic benefits with promising results. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes patients are increasingly represented in clinical trials of novel therapeutics for NAFLD. However, despite the wealth of knowledge in NAFLD and type 2 diabetes, lack of awareness of the disease and the potential weight of this problem remains a major challenge, especially among clinicians who are outside the field of hepatology and gastroenterology. This review therefore aimed to provide all diabetes care providers with a summary of the latest evidence that supports NAFLD as an emerging diabetic complication of increasing importance, and to present the current recommendations, focusing on the assessment and therapeutic strategies, on the management of NAFLD among type 2 diabetes patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dtw Lui
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Ksl Lam
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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20
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Nguyen TH, Yousefi H, Okpechi SC, Lauterboeck L, Dong S, Yang Q, Alahari SK. Nischarin Deletion Reduces Oxidative Metabolism and Overall ATP: A Study Using a Novel NISCHΔ5-6 Knockout Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031374. [PMID: 35163298 PMCID: PMC8835720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nischarin (Nisch) is a cytosolic scaffolding protein that harbors tumor-suppressor-like characteristics. Previous studies have shown that Nisch functions as a scaffolding protein and regulates multiple biological activities. In the current study, we prepared a complete Nisch knockout model, for the first time, by deletion of exons 5 and 6. This knockout model was confirmed by Qrt–PCR and Western blotting with products from mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Embryos and adult mice of knockouts are significantly smaller than their wild-type counterparts. Deletion of Nisch enhanced cell migration, as demonstrated by wound type and transwell migration assays. Since the animals were small in size, we investigated Nisch’s effect on metabolism by conducting several assays using the Seahorse analyzer system. These data indicate that Nisch null cells have lower oxygen consumption rates, lower ATP production, and lower levels of proton leak. We examined the expression of 15 genes involved in lipid and fat metabolism, as well as cell growth, and noted a significant increase in expression for many genes in Nischarin null animals. In summary, our results show that Nischarin plays an important physiological role in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina H. Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.N.); (H.Y.); (S.C.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.N.); (H.Y.); (S.C.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Samuel C. Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.N.); (H.Y.); (S.C.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Lothar Lauterboeck
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (L.L.); (Q.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shengli Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.N.); (H.Y.); (S.C.O.); (S.D.)
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Cardiovascular Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (L.L.); (Q.Y.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Suresh K. Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (T.H.N.); (H.Y.); (S.C.O.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-4734
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Abstract
Over the last decades, research has focused on the role of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatases (PHLPPs) in regulating cellular signaling via PI3K/Akt inhibition. The PKB/Akt signaling imbalances are associated with a variety of illnesses, including various types of cancer, inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and diabetes, demonstrating the relevance of PHLPPs in the prevention of diseases. Furthermore, identification of novel substrates of PHLPPs unveils their role as a critical mediator in various cellular processes. Recently, researchers have explored the increasing complexity of signaling networks involving PHLPPs whereby relevant information of PHLPPs in metabolic diseases was obtained. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of PHLPPs on the well-known substrates and metabolic regulation, especially in liver, pancreatic beta cell, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle in relation with the stated diseases. Understanding the context-dependent functions of PHLPPs can lead to a promising treatment strategy for several kinds of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Yelin Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sang Bae Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University; Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Hong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - KyeongJin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
- Research Center for Controlling Intercellular Communication (RCIC), College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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