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Moretti R, Massimello G, Chessa S, Sartore S, Tranchero A, Profiti M, Sacchi P. Allele and genotype frequencies for primary hereditary cataract, multifocal retinopathy 1, and degenerative myelopathy in Pyrenean Mountain dog from Italy. Top Companion Anim Med 2024; 58:100844. [PMID: 38081509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenean Mountain Dog (PMD) is an ancient dog breed firstly described in XIV century in the Pyrenees Region and nowadays diffused both in Europe and in the US. Hereditary Cataract (HC), defined as the inherited opacity of the lens, involves clinical signs ranging from reduced vision to glaucoma. A molecular basis of HC was firstly described in Staffordshire Bull Terriers and then reported in multiple canine breeds. The HC-associated variation is a single nucleotide deletion in HSF4 gene that introduces a premature stop codon (c.962del, p.Ala321*). Multifocal Retinopathy 1 (MR) is an ocular disorder characterized by multiple areas of retinal degeneration, caused in various dog breeds (including PMD) by a single nucleotide variant (SNV) in BEST1 gene that generates a premature stop codon (c.73G>A, p.Arg25*). Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is an adult-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disease and it is associated to a SNV in SOD1 gene causing a change in aminoacidic sequence of the protein (c.118G>A, p.Glu40Lys). This causative variant has been described in various dog breeds, including PMD. Aim of this study was to determine the allele frequencies for the abovementioned three genetic diseases in the Italian breeding PMD population. The survey found no dogs carrying the allele (deletion) associated with HC, while three dogs (6 %) were heterozygous (G/A) for the MR-associated variant, and seven dogs (13 %) were heterozygous (G/A) for the DM-associated alteration, indicating that the variant alleles frequency were 0 %, 3 %, and 7 %, respectively. Appropriate mating management is suggested for the prevention of genetic diseases spreading in the PMD population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco TO 10095 Italy
| | | | - S Chessa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco TO 10095 Italy.
| | - S Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco TO 10095 Italy
| | - A Tranchero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco TO 10095 Italy
| | - M Profiti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco TO 10095 Italy
| | - P Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco TO 10095 Italy
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Sartore S, Moretti R, Piras LA, Longo M, Chessa S, Sacchi P. Osteochondrodysplasia and the c.1024G>T variant of TRPV4 gene in Scottish Fold cats: genetic and radiographic evaluation. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231211763. [PMID: 38055304 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231211763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to investigate the c.1024G>T SNP in the TRPV4 gene in Scottish Straight and Fold cats, and to evaluate the pattern of skeletal phenotype and the evolution of radiological signs of Scottish Fold osteochondrodysplasia (SFOCD) over time in heterozygous subjects. METHODS DNA was obtained from blood samples of 17 cats (Scottish Fold: n = 12; Scottish Straight: n = 5) and subsequently genotyped by sequencing in a 249 bp region of the TRPV4 gene (exon 6), including the known c.1024G>T causative mutation for osteochondrodysplasia. Orthopaedic and radiographic analyses were performed on animals carrying the mutant allele. RESULTS Genotyping by sequencing confirmed that all and only the Scottish Fold cats carried the mutant allele in a heterozygous asset. Furthermore, two other exon variants, already described in the literature as silent variants, were found in some of the sampled cats. Comparative orthogonal radiographic views of the shoulder, elbow, carpus, hip, stifle and tarsus were obtained. A mediolateral projection of the thoracic and lumbar column was also performed. Three out of four cats were clinically and radiographically examined again 1.5 years later. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although the presence of the mutant allele in all the tested Scottish Fold cats was confirmed, only 1/12 showed clinical signs of SFOCD. Furthermore, no cats in the 1.5-year follow-up showed skeletal changes. Although significant, the c.1024G>T mutation in the TRPV4 gene, supposedly, is not the only cause or risk of developing SFOCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Lisa Adele Piras
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Longo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
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Bordonaro S, Chessari G, Mastrangelo S, Senczuk G, Chessa S, Castiglioni B, Tumino S, Marletta D, Criscione A. Genome-wide population structure, homozygosity, and heterozygosity patterns of Nero Siciliano pig in the framework of Italian and cosmopolitan breeds. Anim Genet 2023; 54:591-605. [PMID: 37381662 DOI: 10.1111/age.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of genomic data is becoming more and more common for the effective management of livestock breeding programmes, even in the case of local populations. In this work, the genome-wide data of Nero Siciliano pig breed were compared to that of wild boar, Italian local and cosmopolitan breeds to investigate its genetic structure, and runs of homozygosity (ROH) and heterozygosity patterns. The Nero Siciliano has been reported to have the highest rate of genetic diversity among the Italian breeds, and a genetic variability comparable to that of the cosmopolitan breeds. Analyses of genomic structure and relationships underlined its proximity to wild boar, and an internal substructure probably linked to different family lines. The breed showed a low value of inbreeding estimated from ROH, and the highest diversity index among the Italian breeds, even if lower than that of the cosmopolitans. Four ROH islands in three chromosomes (SSC8, SSC11, and SSC14) and one heterozygosity-rich region (SSC1) were identified in Nero Siciliano, highlighting genomic regions related to productive QTL. Across breeds, SSC8 and SSC14 were the chromosomes with most ROH islands, with Mora Romagnola and wild boar showing the highest level of autozygosity. Chromosomes SSC2, SSC6, SSC8 and SSC13 showed the majority of runs of heterozygosity regions, mainly found in the cosmopolitan pig breeds, which reported several genes associated with health-related QTL. The outlined results can help to better identify the genomic profile of this local breed in order to plan matings, maintain adequate internal diversity and exploit the production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Chessari
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Mastrangelo
- Dipartimento Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriele Senczuk
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Serena Tumino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Donata Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Criscione
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Moretti R, Sartore S, Colitti B, Profiti M, Chessa S, Rosati S, Sacchi P. Susceptibility of different TMEM154 genotypes in three Italian sheep breeds infected by different SRLV genotypes. Vet Res 2022; 53:60. [PMID: 35906709 PMCID: PMC9335956 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) belong to the Retroviridae family and can cause various diseases. One of the most impacting diseases is visna-maedi, a complex disease characterized by long latencies and chronic progressive inflammatory events affecting the nervous system, lungs, mammary gland, and articular joints. A single nucleotide polymorphism (rs408593969, c.103G>A, missense mutation E35K) in the ovine transmembrane protein gene 154 (TMEM154) was identified as protective against small ruminant lentivirus infection in different herds worldwide. However, there is evidence in the scientific literature of a breed-specificity of this protective effect and, furthermore, there are still limited studies regarding the association between the animal genotype and the infecting virus genotype. Thus, the aim of this study was to further investigate the association between the animal genotype for the suggested protective mutation and the infecting virus genotype, in three different sheep breeds reared in northern Italy. The results obtained only partially confirmed the data available in the literature, as the protective effect was confirmed only for SRLV genotype A clusters, while other genotypes (namely B and E) infected AA and GA animals. Further studies with an experimental infection of specific virus genotypes in hosts with specific genotypes are required to confirm the larger number of cases the results obtained in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Margherita Profiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
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Cremonesi P, Capra E, Turri F, Lazzari B, Chessa S, Battelli G, Colombini S, Rapetti L, Castiglioni B. Effect of Diet Enriched With Hemp Seeds on Goat Milk Fatty Acids, Transcriptome, and miRNAs. Front Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.909271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In dairy ruminants, a diet supplemented with feed rich in unsaturated fatty acids can be an effective medium to increase the health-promoting properties of milk, although their effect on the pathways/genes involved in these processes has not been properly and completely defined to date. To improve our knowledge of the cell’s activity in specific conditions, next-generation RNA-sequencing technology was used to allow whole transcriptome characterization under given conditions. In addition to this, microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently been known as post-transcriptional regulators in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism by targeting lipid metabolism genes. In this study, to analyze the transcriptome and miRNAs in goat milk after a supplemental diet enriched with linoleic acid (hemp seeds), next-generation RNA-sequencing was used in order to point out the general biological mechanisms underlying the effects related to milk fat metabolism. Ten pluriparous Alpine goats were fed with the same pretreatment diet for 40 days; then, they were arranged to two dietary treatments consisting of control (C) and hemp seed (H)-supplemented diets. Milk samples were collected at 40 (time point = T0) and 140 days of lactation (time point = T1). Milk fatty acid (FA) profiles revealed a significant effect of hemp seeds that determined a strong increment in the preformed FA, causing a reduction in the concentration of de-novo FA. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated n−3 FAs were increased by hemp treatment, determining a reduction in the n−6/n−3 ratio. After removing milk fats and proteins, RNA was extracted from the milk cells and transcriptomic analysis was conducted using Illumina RNA-sequencing. A total of 3,835 genes were highly differentially expressed (p-value < 0.05, fold change > 1.5, and FDR < 0.05) in the H group. Functional analyses evidenced changes in metabolism, immune, and inflammatory responses. Furthermore, modifications in feeding strategies affected also key transcription factors regulating the expression of several genes involved in milk fat metabolism, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Moreover, 38 (15 known and 23 novel) differentially expressed miRNAs were uncovered in the H group and their potential functions were also predicted. This study gives the possibility to improve our knowledge of the molecular changes occurring after a hemp seed supplementation in the goat diet and increase our understanding of the relationship between nutrient variation and phenotypic effects.
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Severgnini M, Lazzari B, Capra E, Chessa S, Luini M, Bordoni R, Castiglioni B, Ricchi M, Cremonesi P. Author Correction: Genome sequencing of Prototheca zopfii genotypes 1 and 2 provides evidence of a severe reduction in organellar genomes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6040. [PMID: 35410351 PMCID: PMC9001647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09754-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Moretti R, Soglia D, Chessa S, Sartore S, Finocchiaro R, Rasero R, Sacchi P. Identification of SNPs Associated with Somatic Cell Score in Candidate Genes in Italian Holstein Friesian Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:366. [PMID: 33535694 PMCID: PMC7912858 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an infectious disease affecting the mammary gland, leading to inflammatory reactions and to heavy economic losses due to milk production decrease. One possible way to tackle the antimicrobial resistance issue stemming from antimicrobial therapy is to select animals with a genetic resistance to this disease. Therefore, aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability of the SNPs found in candidate genes related to mastitis resistance in Holstein Friesian bulls. Target regions were amplified, sequenced by Next-Generation Sequencing technology on the Illumina® MiSeq, and then analyzed to find correlation with mastitis related phenotypes in 95 Italian Holstein bulls chosen with the aid of a selective genotyping approach. On a total of 557 detected mutations, 61 showed different genotype distribution in the tails of the deregressed EBVs for SCS and 15 were identified as significantly associated with the phenotype using two different approaches. The significant SNPs were identified in intergenic or intronic regions of six genes, known to be key components in the immune system (namely CXCR1, DCK, NOD2, MBL2, MBL1 and M-SAA3.2). These SNPs could be considered as candidates for a future genetic selection for mastitis resistance, although further studies are required to assess their presence in other dairy cattle breeds and their possible negative correlation with other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Moretti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Raffaella Finocchiaro
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana—ANAFIJ, 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Roberto Rasero
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy; (R.M.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (P.S.)
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Tiezzi F, Maisano AM, Chessa S, Luini M, Biffani S. Heritability of Teat Condition in Italian Holstein Friesian and Its Relationship with Milk Production and Somatic Cell Score. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122271. [PMID: 33276452 PMCID: PMC7760219 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In spite of the impressive advancements observed on both management and genetic factors, udder health still represents one of most demanding objectives to be attained in the dairy cattle industry. Udder morphology and especially teat condition might represent the first physical barrier to pathogens' access. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic component of teat condition and to elucidate its relationship with both milk yield and somatic cell scores in dairy cattle. Moreover, the effect of selection for both milk yield and somatic cell scores on teat condition was also investigated. A multivariate analysis was conducted on 10,776 teat score records and 30,160 production records from 2469 Italian Holstein cows. Three teat scoring traits were defined and included in the analysis. Heritability estimates for the teat score traits were moderate to low, ranging from 0.084 to 0.238. When teat score was based on a four-classes ordinal scoring, its genetic correlation with milk yields and somatic cell score were 0.862 and 0.439, respectively. The scale used to classify teat-end score has an impact on the magnitude of the estimates. Genetic correlations suggest that selection for milk yield could deteriorate teat health, unless more emphasis is given to somatic cell scores. Considering that both at national and international level, the current selection objectives are giving more emphasis to health traits, a further genetic deterioration in teat condition is not expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Tiezzi
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
| | - Antonio Marco Maisano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”—I.Z.S.L.E.R. Territorial Section of Lodi and Brescia Sector Diagnostic, Animal Health and Welfare, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Mario Luini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”—I.Z.S.L.E.R. Territorial Section of Lodi and Brescia Sector Diagnostic, Animal Health and Welfare, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (A.M.M.); (M.L.)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di biologia e biotecnologia agraria (IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Biffani
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di biologia e biotecnologia agraria (IBBA), Via Edoardo Bassini, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Salmasi M, Moretti R, Chessa S, Sartore S, Mimosi A, Cornale P. Genetic variability of milk proteins in two cattle breeds of Piedmont region and the potential effects on milk quality. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1850217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Salmasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Riccardo Moretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Stefano Sartore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
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Chessa S, Gattolin S, Cremonesi P, Soglia D, Finocchiaro R, Van Kaam JT, Marusi M, Civati G. The effect of selection on casein genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes in Italian Holstein cattle. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1802356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Gattolin
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, National Research Council, Lodi, Italy
| | - Dominga Soglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - Raffaella Finocchiaro
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
| | - Jan-Thijs Van Kaam
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
| | - Maurizio Marusi
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Civati
- Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Razza Frisona e Jersey Italiana – ANAFIJ, Cremona, Italy
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Cagnotti G, Cantile C, Chessa S, Sacchi P, D'Angelo A, Bellino C. Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Blonde D'Aquitaine Calves Is Not Associated With FVT1 Gene Mutation. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:348. [PMID: 32714947 PMCID: PMC7344245 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a motor neuron disease (MND) in humans and diverse animal species: canid, felid, and bovid. To date, bovine SMA has been reported in Brown Swiss, Holstein, Friesian, and Red Danish breed; it has been associated with a genetic mutation of the FVT1 gene, also known as 3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase (KDSR). The aim of the present case series was to describe clinical presentation, pathological findings, and genetic analysis of five Blond d'Aquitaine calves diagnosed with SMA and to determine whether the mutation was associated with the disease. Five Blonde d'Aquitaine calves (three females and two males) from the same cow-calf operation farm were presented between June 2018 and February 2019 because unable to stand or walk unassisted since birth. Neurological examination aroused suspicion of a diffuse lesion affecting the peripheral nervous system in all calves. Findings from electromyographic investigations and muscle and nerve biopsies were consistent with a non-regenerative, chronic, active axonal neuropathy and marked neurogenic muscular atrophy and assumed to be associated with a neurodegenerative process. Histopathological examination of tissue samples from two animals revealed neuronal loss and several degenerated, shrunken, and hypereosinophilic neurons at the level of the ventral horn of the cervico-thoracic and the lumbo-sacral intumescence, diffuse loss of myelinated axons at the level of the ventral funiculi of all segments of the spinal cord, and moderate diffuse astrocytic reaction. These findings confirmed the diagnosis of SMA. No mutation of the FVT1 gene was found on genetic analysis. Further study into the causative gene mutation of SMA in Blonde D'Aquitaine calves is under way. Identification of a novel genetic mutation could improve our understanding of the disease in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cagnotti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Cagnotti
| | - Carlo Cantile
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Sacchi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Bellino
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Gattolin S, Cirilli M, Chessa S, Stella A, Bassi D, Rossini L. Mutations in orthologous PETALOSA TOE-type genes cause a dominant double-flower phenotype in phylogenetically distant eudicots. J Exp Bot 2020; 71:2585-2595. [PMID: 31960023 PMCID: PMC7210751 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The double-flower phenotype has been selected by humans for its attractiveness in various plant species and it is of great commercial value for the ornamental market. In this study we investigated the genetic determinant of the dominant double-flower trait in carnation, petunia, and Rosa rugosa, and identified mutant alleles of TARGET OF EAT (TOE)-type genes characterized by a disruption of the miR172 target sequence and of the C-terminal portion of the encoded protein. Despite the phylogenetic distance between these eudicots, which diverged in the early Cretaceous, the orthologous genes carrying these mutations all belong to a single TOE-type subgroup, which we name as PETALOSA (PET). Homology searches allowed us to identify PET sequences in various other species. To confirm the results from naturally occurring mutations, we used CrispR-Cas9 to induce lesions within the miR172 target site of Nicotiana tabacum PET genes, and this resulted in the development of supernumerary petaloid structures. This study describes pet alleles in economically important ornamental species and provides evidence about the possibility of identifying and engineering PET genes to obtain the desirable double-flower trait in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gattolin
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Milano, Italy
- PTP Science Park, Lodi, Italy
- Correspondence: or
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Università degli Studi di Milano – DiSAA, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stella
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Bassi
- Università degli Studi di Milano – DiSAA, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Rossini
- Università degli Studi di Milano – DiSAA, Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Gattolin S, Cirilli M, Chessa S, Stella A, Bassi D, Rossini L. Mutations in orthologous PETALOSA TOE-type genes cause a dominant double-flower phenotype in phylogenetically distant eudicots. J Exp Bot 2020. [PMID: 31960023 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa032/5710789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The double-flower phenotype has been selected by humans for its attractiveness in various plant species and it is of great commercial value for the ornamental market. In this study we investigated the genetic determinant of the dominant double-flower trait in carnation, petunia, and Rosa rugosa, and identified mutant alleles of TARGET OF EAT (TOE)-type genes characterized by a disruption of the miR172 target sequence and of the C-terminal portion of the encoded protein. Despite the phylogenetic distance between these eudicots, which diverged in the early Cretaceous, the orthologous genes carrying these mutations all belong to a single TOE-type subgroup, which we name as PETALOSA (PET). Homology searches allowed us to identify PET sequences in various other species. To confirm the results from naturally occurring mutations, we used CrispR-Cas9 to induce lesions within the miR172 target site of Nicotiana tabacum PET genes, and this resulted in the development of supernumerary petaloid structures. This study describes pet alleles in economically important ornamental species and provides evidence about the possibility of identifying and engineering PET genes to obtain the desirable double-flower trait in different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gattolin
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Milano, Italy
- PTP Science Park, Lodi, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Università degli Studi di Milano - DiSAA, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stella
- CNR-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA), Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Bassi
- Università degli Studi di Milano - DiSAA, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Rossini
- Università degli Studi di Milano - DiSAA, Milano, Italy
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Severgnini M, Lazzari B, Capra E, Chessa S, Luini M, Bordoni R, Castiglioni B, Ricchi M, Cremonesi P. Genome sequencing of Prototheca zopfii genotypes 1 and 2 provides evidence of a severe reduction in organellar genomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14637. [PMID: 30279542 PMCID: PMC6168571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototheca zopfii (P. zopfii, class Trebouxiophyceae, order Chlorellales, family Chlorellaceae), a non-photosynthetic predominantly free-living unicellular alga, is one of the few pathogens belonging to the plant kingdom. This alga can affect many vertebrate hosts, sustaining systemic infections and diseases such as mastitis in cows. The aim of our work was to sequence and assemble the P. zopfii genotype 1 and genotype 2 mitochondrial and plastid genomes. Remarkably, the P. zopfii mitochondrial (38 Kb) and plastid (28 Kb) genomes are models of compaction and the smallest known in the Trebouxiophyceae. As expected, the P. zopfii genotype 1 and 2 plastid genomes lack all the genes involved in photosynthesis, but, surprisingly, they also lack those coding for RNA polymerases. Our results showed that plastid genes are actively transcribed in P. zopfii, which suggests that the missing RNA polymerases are substituted by nuclear-encoded paralogs. The simplified architecture and highly-reduced gene complement of the P. zopfii mitochondrial and plastid genomes are closer to those of P. stagnora and the achlorophyllous obligate parasite Helicosporidium than to those of P. wickerhamii or P. cutis. This similarity is also supported by maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses inferences. Overall, the P. zopfii sequences reported here, which include nuclear genome drafts for both genotypes, will help provide both a deeper understanding of the evolution of Prototheca spp. and insights into the corresponding host/pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- PTP-Science Park, Lodi, Italy.,Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Lodi, Italy
| | - Emanuele Capra
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Lodi, Italy
| | - Mario Luini
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Lodi, Italy
| | - Roberta Bordoni
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (ITB-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Lodi, Italy
| | - Matteo Ricchi
- Lombardy and Emilia Romagna Experimental Zootechnic Institute (IZSLER), Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Lodi, Italy
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15
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Chessa S, Bulgari O, Caroli AM. Letter to the Editor: About bovine β-casofensin genetic variants—A comment on. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4705. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Capra E, Lazzari B, Frattini S, Chessa S, Coizet B, Talenti A, Castiglioni B, Marsan PA, Crepaldi P, Pagnacco G, Williams JL, Stella A. Distribution of ncRNAs expression across hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Capra hircus. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:417. [PMID: 29848285 PMCID: PMC5977473 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis plays an essential role in the fine tuning of seasonal estrus in Capra hircus. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators in sexual development and mammalian reproduction. In order to identify ncRNAs and to assess their expression patterns, along the HPG axis, we sequenced ncRNA libraries from hypothalamus, pituitary and ovary of three goats. Results Among the medium length noncoding RNAs (mncRNAs) identified, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs) were found to be more abundant in ovary and hypothalamus, respectively. The observed GC content was representative for different classes of ncRNAs, allowing the identification of a tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs) subclass, which had a peak distribution around 32–38% GC content in the hypothalamus. Differences observed among organs confirmed the specificity of microRNA (miRNA) profiles for each organ system. Conclusions Data on ncRNAs in organs constituting the HPG axis will contribute to understanding their role in the physiological regulation of reproduction in goats. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4767-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Capra
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stefano Frattini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
| | - Beatrice Coizet
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Talenti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paolo Ajmone Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy.,Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - John L Williams
- Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Lodi, Italy. .,Parco Tecnologico Padano, Lodi, Italy.
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17
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Chessa S, Giambra IJ, Brandt H, Caroli AM, Gootwine E, Erhardt G. Genetic diversity within economically important loci in European, Middle Eastern, and African sheep breeds: An insight into their development. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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18
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Frattini S, Capra E, Lazzari B, McKay SD, Coizet B, Talenti A, Groppetti D, Riccaboni P, Pecile A, Chessa S, Castiglioni B, Williams JL, Pagnacco G, Stella A, Crepaldi P. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in hypothalamus and ovary of Capra hircus. BMC Genomics 2017. [PMID: 28645321 PMCID: PMC5481934 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is a frequently studied epigenetic modification due to its role in regulating gene expression and hence in biological processes and in determining phenotypic plasticity in organisms. Rudimentary DNA methylation patterns for some livestock species are publically available: among these, goat methylome deserves to be further explored. RESULTS Genome-wide DNA methylation maps of the hypothalamus and ovary from Saanen goats were generated using Methyl-CpG binding domain protein sequencing (MBD-seq). Analysis of DNA methylation patterns indicate that the majority of methylation peaks found within genes are located gene body regions, for both organs. Analysis of the distribution of methylated sites per chromosome showed that chromosome X had the lowest number of methylation peaks. The X chromosome has one of the highest percentages of methylated CpG islands in both organs, and approximately 50% of the CpG islands in the goat epigenome are methylated in hypothalamus and ovary. Organ-specific Differentially Methylated Genes (DMGs) were correlated with the expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The comparison between transcriptome and methylome in hypothalamus and ovary showed that a higher level of methylation is not accompanied by a higher gene suppression. The genome-wide DNA methylation map for two goat organs produced here is a valuable starting point for studying the involvement of epigenetic modifications in regulating goat reproduction performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Frattini
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Capra
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council UOS of Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Barbara Lazzari
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council UOS of Lodi, Lodi, Italy.,PTP Science Park, Lodi, Italy
| | - Stephanie D McKay
- Department of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Beatrice Coizet
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Talenti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Debora Groppetti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Riccaboni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Chessa
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council UOS of Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - Bianca Castiglioni
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council UOS of Lodi, Lodi, Italy
| | - John L Williams
- The Davies Research Centre, School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, 5371, Australia
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Stella
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council UOS of Lodi, Lodi, Italy.,PTP Science Park, Lodi, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Minozzi G, Mattiello S, Grosso L, Crepaldi P, Chessa S, Pagnacco G. First insights in the genetics of caseous lymphadenitis in goats. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1250610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Minozzi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Mattiello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Lilia Grosso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, Lodi, Italy
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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21
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Moretti R, Bozzi R, Maltecca C, Tiezzi F, Chessa S, Bar D, Biffani S. 0387 Daily rumination time in Italian Holstein cows: Heritability and correlation with milk production. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/jam2016-0387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Chessa S, Chiatti F, Rignanese D, Ibeagha-Awemu EM, Özbeyaz C, Hassan YA, Baig MM, Erhardt G, Caroli A. The casein genes in goat breeds from different Continents: analysis by Polymerase Chain Reaction – Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - F. Chiatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - D. Rignanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - E. M. Ibeagha-Awemu
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - C. Özbeyaz
- Vetrinär Fakültesi Zooteknii Bölümü, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y. A. Hassan
- Sudan University of Science and Technology, Sudan
| | - M. M. Baig
- Department of Zoology, Government Vidarbha Institute of Science and Humanities Amravati, India
| | - G. Erhardt
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - A. Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
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23
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Martini M, Cecchi F, Scolozzi C, Salari F, Chiatti F, Chessa S, Caroli A. The influence of β-lactoglobulin genetic polymorphism on morphometric characteristics of milk fat globules and milk fatty acids composition in Italian Friesian cow. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Martini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Cecchi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - C. Scolozzi
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Salari
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università di Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Chiatti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - S. Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - A. Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
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Talenti A, Nicolazzi EL, Chessa S, Frattini S, Moretti R, Coizet B, Nicoloso L, Colli L, Pagnacco G, Stella A, Ajmone-Marsan P, Ptak G, Crepaldi P. A method for single nucleotide polymorphism selection for parentage assessment in goats. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3646-3653. [PMID: 26971153 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate pedigrees are essential to optimize genetic improvement and conservation of animal genetic resources. In goats, the use of mating groups and kidding management procedures hamper the identification of parentage. Small panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been proposed in other species to substitute microsatellites for parentage assessment. Using data from the current GoatSNP50 chip, we developed a new 3-step procedure to identify a low-density SNP panel for highly accurate parentage assessment. Methodologies for SNP selection used in other species are less suitable in the goat because of uncertainties in the genome assembly. The procedure developed in this study is based on parent-offspring identification and on estimation of Mendelian errors, followed by canonical discriminant analysis identification and stepwise regression reduction. Starting from a reference sample of 109 Alpine goats with known pedigree relationships, we first identified a panel of 200 SNP that was further reduced to 2 final panels of 130 and 114 SNP with random coincidental match inclusion of 1.51×10(-57) and 2.94×10(-34), respectively. In our reference data set, all panels correctly identified all parent-offspring combinations, revealing a 40% pedigree error rate in the information provided by breeders. All reference trios were confirmed by official tests based on microsatellites. Panels were also tested on Saanen and Teramana breeds. Although the testing on a larger set of breeds in the reference population is still needed to validate these results, our findings suggest that our procedure could identify SNP panels for accurate parentage assessment in goats or in other species with unreliable marker positioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Talenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milano, 20133, Italy.
| | - E L Nicolazzi
- Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano (PTP), Via Einstein, Cascina Codazza, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - S Chessa
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Einstein, Cascina Codazza, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - S Frattini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - R Moretti
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Einstein, Cascina Codazza, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - B Coizet
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - L Nicoloso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - L Colli
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - G Pagnacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - A Stella
- Fondazione Parco Tecnologico Padano (PTP), Via Einstein, Cascina Codazza, Lodi, 26900, Italy; Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria (IBBA-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Einstein, Cascina Codazza, Lodi, 26900, Italy
| | - P Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Emilia Parmense, Piacenza, 29122, Italy
| | - G Ptak
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Comparate, Università di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, Teramo, 64100, Italy; Institute of Animal Production, ul. Sarego 2, Krakow 31-047, Poland
| | - P Crepaldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 10, Milano, 20133, Italy
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25
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Caroli A, Bulgari B, Chessa S, Cocchi D, Tulipano G. In vitro evaluation of caseinophosphopeptides from different genetic variants on bone mineralization. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caroli
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Bulgari Bulgari
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cocchi
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tulipano
- >Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
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Nicoloso L, Bomba L, Colli L, Negrini R, Milanesi M, Mazza R, Sechi T, Frattini S, Talenti A, Coizet B, Chessa S, Marletta D, D'Andrea M, Bordonaro S, Ptak G, Carta A, Pagnacco G, Valentini A, Pilla F, Ajmone-Marsan P, Crepaldi P. Genetic diversity of Italian goat breeds assessed with a medium-density SNP chip. Genet Sel Evol 2015; 47:62. [PMID: 26239391 PMCID: PMC4523021 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-015-0140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the European countries, Italy counts the largest number of local goat breeds. Thanks to the recent availability of a medium-density SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) chip for goat, the genetic diversity of Italian goat populations was characterized by genotyping samples from 14 Italian goat breeds that originate from different geographical areas with more than 50 000 SNPs evenly distributed on the genome. RESULTS Analysis of the genotyping data revealed high levels of genetic polymorphism and an underlying North-south geographic pattern of genetic diversity that was highlighted by both the first dimension of the multi-dimensional scaling plot and the Neighbour network reconstruction. We observed a moderate and weak population structure in Northern and Central-Southern breeds, respectively, with pairwise FST values between breeds ranging from 0.013 to 0.164 and 7.49 % of the total variance assigned to the between-breed level. Only 2.11 % of the variance explained the clustering of breeds into geographical groups (Northern, Central and Southern Italy and Islands). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the present-day genetic diversity of Italian goat populations was shaped by the combined effects of drift, presence or lack of gene flow and, to some extent, by the consequences of traditional management systems and recent demographic history. Our findings may constitute the starting point for the development of marker-assisted approaches, to better address future breeding and management policies in a species that is particularly relevant for the medium- and long-term sustainability of marginal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Nicoloso
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo Bomba
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Licia Colli
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Negrini
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy. .,Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia, via Palmiro Togliatti 1587, 00155, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Milanesi
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Mazza
- Laboratorio Genetica e Servizi (LGS) - Associazione Italiana Allevatori (AIA), via Bergamo, 292, 26100, Cremona, Italy.
| | - Tiziana Sechi
- Agris Sardegna, Unità di Ricerca di Genetica e Biotecnologie, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Frattini
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Talenti
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Beatrice Coizet
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefania Chessa
- CNR - IBBA, UOS di Lodi, via Einstein, Località Cascina Codazza, 26900, Lodi, Italy.
| | - Donata Marletta
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Di3A, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Mariasilvia D'Andrea
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco De Sanctis s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente Di3A, Università degli Studi di Catania, via Valdisavoia 5, 95123, Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazyna Ptak
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche Comparate, Università di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro 45, Teramo, Italy.
| | - Antonello Carta
- Agris Sardegna, Unità di Ricerca di Genetica e Biotecnologie, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessio Valentini
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei sistemi Biologici, Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, via de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pilla
- Dipartimento Agricoltura, Ambiente e Alimenti, Università degli Studi del Molise, via Francesco De Sanctis s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ajmone-Marsan
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense, 84, 29122, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- DIVET, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Chessa S, Nicolazzi EL, Nicoloso L, Negrini R, Marino R, Vicario D, Ajmone Marsan P, Valentini A, Stefanon B. Analysis of candidate SNPs affecting milk and functional traits in the dual-purpose Italian Simmental cattle. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Frattini S, Nicoloso L, Coizet B, Chessa S, Rapetti L, Pagnacco G, Crepaldi P. Short communication: The unusual genetic trend of αS1-casein in Alpine and Saanen breeds. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7975-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-7780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chessa S, Bulgari O, Rizzi R, Calamari L, Bani P, Biffani S, Caroli AM. Selection for milk coagulation properties predicted by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the Italian Holstein-Friesian breed. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:4512-21. [PMID: 24792799 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk coagulation is based on a series of physicochemical changes at the casein micelle level, resulting in formation of a gel. Milk coagulation properties (MCP) are relevant for cheese quality and yield, important factors for the dairy industry. They are also evaluated in herd bulk milk to reward or penalize producers of Protected Designation of Origin cheeses. The economic importance of improving MCP justifies the need to account for this trait in the selection process. A pilot study was carried out to determine the feasibility of including MCP in the selection schemes of the Italian Holstein. The MCP were predicted in 1,055 individual milk samples collected in 16 herds (66 ± 24 cows per herd) located in Brescia province (northeastern Italy) by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The coefficient of determination of prediction models indicated moderate predictions for milk rennet coagulation time (RCT=0.65) and curd firmness (a₃₀=0.68), and poor predictions for curd-firming time (k₂₀=0.49), whereas the range error ratio (8.9, 6.9, and 9.5 for RCT, k₂₀, and a₃₀, respectively) indicated good practical utility of the predictive models for all parameters. Milk proteins were genotyped and casein haplotypes (αS₁-, β-, αS₂-, and κ-casein) were reconstructed. Data from 51 half-sib families (19.9 ± 16.4 daughters per sire) were analyzed by an animal model to estimate (1) the genetic parameters of predicted RCT, k₂₀, and a₃₀; (2) the breeding values for these predicted clotting variables; and (3) the effect of milk protein genotypes and casein haplotypes on predicted MCP (pMCP). This is the first study to estimate both genetic parameters and breeding values of pMCP, together with the effects of milk protein genotypes and casein haplotypes, that also considered k₂₀, probably the most important parameter for the dairy industry (because it indicates the time for the beginning of curd-cutting). Heritability of predicted RCT (0.26) and k₂₀ (0.31) were close to the average heritability described in literature, whereas the heritability of a₃₀ was higher (0.52 vs. 0.27). The effects of milk proteins were statistically significant and similar to those obtained on measured MCP. In particular, haplotypes including uncommon variants showed positive (B-I-A-B) or negative (B-A(1)-A-E) effects. Based on these findings, FTIR spectroscopy-pMCP is proposed as a potential selection criterion for the Italian Holstein.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chessa
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
| | - O Bulgari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - R Rizzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - L Calamari
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - P Bani
- Istituto di Zootecnica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - S Biffani
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR), via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy
| | - A M Caroli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
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Chessa S, Huatan H, Levina M, Mehta R, Ferrizzi D, Rajabi-Siahboomi A. Application of the Dynamic Gastric Model to evaluate the effect of food on the drug release characteristics of a hydrophilic matrix formulation. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:359-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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31
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Cornale P, Renna M, Lussiana C, Bigi D, Chessa S, Mimosi A. The Grey Goat of Lanzo Valleys (Fiurinà): Breed characteristics, genetic diversity, and quantitative-qualitative milk traits. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bulgari O, Caroli AM, Chessa S, Rizzi R, Gigliotti C. Variation of vitamin D in cow's milk and interaction with β-lactoglobulin. Molecules 2013; 18:10122-31. [PMID: 23973989 PMCID: PMC6269872 DOI: 10.3390/molecules180910122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is the collective name for a group of closely related lipids, whose main biological function is to maintain serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations within the normal range by enhancing the efficiency of the small intestine to absorb these minerals from the diet. We used a commercially available ELISA method for the determination of vitamin D in bovine milk. Individual milk samples from two different Italian Friesian herds were analysed. The enzyme immunoassay method used was confirmed as a useful tool to measure the vitamin D in the milk as it greatly reduces the time required to perform the conventional HPLC analysis. An interesting variation was found among individual animals that may be associated with management factors and specific genetic effects. A relationship was highlighted between vitamin D and the genetic polymorphism of β-lactoglobulin, the main bovine whey protein which is involved in the transport of small hydrophobic molecules such as retinol and vitamin D. The relatively high content of vitamin D in most milk samples suggests an opportunity to improve the natural content of vitamin D in milk either by acting on the herd management or selecting individuals genetically predisposed to produce milk with a higher vitamin D content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bulgari
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy; E-Mails: (O.B.); (C.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Caroli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy; E-Mails: (O.B.); (C.G.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-030-371-7710; Fax: +39-030-371-747
| | - Stefania Chessa
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology—National Research Council, Milano 20133, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Rita Rizzi
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health (DIVET), Milano 20133, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Carmen Gigliotti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy; E-Mails: (O.B.); (C.G.)
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Abstract
The microbiological characterization of lactobacilli is historically well developed, but the genomic analysis is recent. Because of the widespread use of Lactobacillus helveticus in cheese technology, information concerning the heterogeneity in this species is accumulating rapidly. Recently, the genome of five L. helveticus strains was sequenced to completion and compared with other genomically characterized lactobacilli. The genomic analysis of the first sequenced strain, L. helveticus DPC 4571, isolated from cheese and selected for its characteristics of rapid lysis and high proteolytic activity, has revealed a plethora of genes with industrial potential including those responsible for key metabolic functions such as proteolysis, lipolysis, and cell lysis. These genes and their derived enzymes can facilitate the production of cheese and cheese derivatives with potential for use as ingredients in consumer foods. In addition, L. helveticus has the potential to produce peptides with a biological function, such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, in fermented dairy products, demonstrating the therapeutic value of this species. A most intriguing feature of the genome of L. helveticus is the remarkable similarity in gene content with many intestinal lactobacilli. Comparative genomics has allowed the identification of key gene sets that facilitate a variety of lifestyles including adaptation to food matrices or the gastrointestinal tract. As genome sequence and functional genomic information continues to explode, key features of the genomes of L. helveticus strains continue to be discovered, answering many questions but also raising many new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cremonesi
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council Lodi, Italy
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35
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Chessa S, Bulgari O, Rossoni A, Ceriotti G, Caroli AM. Bovine <i>β</i>-casein: Detection of two single nucleotide polymorphisms by bidirectional allele specific polymerase chain reaction (BAS-PCR) and monitoring of their variation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2013.31005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Cremonesi P, Pozzi F, Ricchi M, Castiglioni B, Luini M, Chessa S. Technical note: Identification of Prototheca species from bovine milk samples by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:6963-8. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ballabio C, Chessa S, Rignanese D, Gigliotti C, Pagnacco G, Terracciano L, Fiocchi A, Restani P, Caroli A. Goat milk allergenicity as a function of αS1-casein genetic polymorphism. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:998-1004. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lauri A, Chessa S, Raschetti M, Castiglioni B, Mariani P, Caetano AR. New Labelling Technology for Molecular Probes Applied to the Ligation Detection Reaction–Universal Array System. Mol Biotechnol 2011; 47:1-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-010-9305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Martini M, Salari F, Altomonte I, Rignanese D, Chessa S, Gigliotti C, Caroli A. The Garfagnina goat: a zootechnical overview of a local dairy population. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:4659-67. [PMID: 20855000 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Domestic livestock with a limited distribution are increasingly recognized in the action plans of the European Union as a reason for protecting rural land. The preservation and enhancement of the native germplasm and traits selected through the ages in different areas of farming is the first step in increasing typical products at a time when high quality products are increasingly in demand. This is the first time that a zootechnical overview has been performed on the Italian native goat population named "Garfagnina," which is registered on the Tuscan regional repertory of genetic resources at risk of extinction. The aim of the study was to give added value to this population by focusing on particular traits that could be used for promoting typical products. Data on the size of the local goats, zoometric measures, breeding system, milk quality, and genetic polymorphisms were collected to get insight into the current state of the population of this type of goat. The native goat population is reared in Tuscany in central Italy, mostly for its milk. The local goat farms considered in our study are located in the hills and mountains of the northwestern Tuscan Apennine area. For every farm we measured at least 10% of the reproductive females (273), randomly chosen, and all reproductive males (47) for a total of 320 subjects. Regarding the management of the animals and the feeding system, semi-extensive farming is practiced in all the flocks. From a morphological point of view the animals are relatively homogeneous, especially in terms of zoometric data, whereas they show a wider variability regarding coat. Milk gross and fatty acid composition were similar to that reported in the literature for bulk goat milk. Moreover, the average of somatic cell count and standard plate count found in Garfagnina goat milk indicated good hygienic farm management and correct milking practices, although milking is mainly manual. The average number of globules per milliliter found in Garfagnina goat milk was almost double compared with the literature, whereas the average diameter was lower. Milk coagulation properties were scarce, thus indicating poor cheesemaking aptitude of Garfagnina milk. Selecting haplotypes carrying alleles associated with a higher expression of the specific casein could help improve milk cheesemaking aptitude. Moreover, the rather high frequency of the faint CSN1S1*F allele and the occurrence of CSN2*0 might suggest that Garfagnina goat milk could be used, after an appropriate selection, for direct consumption of milk at low casein content for intolerant human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martini
- Dipartimento di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Pisa, Pisa, 56124 Italy.
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Penasa M, Cassandro M, Pretto D, De Marchi M, Comin A, Chessa S, Dal Zotto R, Bittante G. Short communication: Influence of composite casein genotypes on additive genetic variation of milk production traits and coagulation properties in Holstein-Friesian cows. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:3346-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chiatti F, Rignanese D, Chessa S, Bolla P, Caroli A. Polymerase Chain Reaction - Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of goat as2-casein. Ital J Animal Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
The 6 main milk proteins in cattle are encoded by highly polymorphic genes characterized by several nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations, with up to 47 protein variants identified. Such an extensive variation was used for linkage analysis with the description of the casein cluster more than 30 yr ago and has been applied to animal breeding for several years. Casein haplotype effects on productive traits have been investigated considering information on the whole casein complex. Moreover, mutations within the noncoding sequences have been shown to affect the specific protein expression and, as a consequence, milk composition and cheesemaking. Milk protein variants are also a useful tool for breed characterization, diversity, and phylogenetic studies. In addition, they are involved in various aspects of human nutrition. First, the occurrence of alleles associated with a reduced content of different caseins might be exploited for the production of milk with particular nutritional qualities; that is, hypoallergenic milk. On the other hand, the frequency of these alleles can be decreased by selection of sires using simple DNA tests, thereby increasing the casein content in milk used for cheesemaking. Furthermore, the biological activity of peptides released from milk protein digestion can be affected by amino acid exchanges or deletions resulting from gene mutations. Finally, the gene-culture coevolution between cattle milk protein genes and human lactase genes, which has been recently highlighted, is impressive proof of the nonrandom occurrence of milk protein genetic variation over the centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, Brescia 25123, Italy.
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Chessa S, Rignanese D, Berbenni M, Ceriotti G, Martini M, Pagnacco G, Caroli A. New genetic polymorphisms within ovine β- and αS2-caseins. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2009.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Conte G, Mele M, Chessa S, Castiglioni B, Serra A, Pagnacco G, Secchiari P. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 gene polymorphisms and milk fatty acid composition in Italian Brown cattle. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:753-63. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Picariello G, Rignanese D, Chessa S, Ceriotti G, Trani A, Caroli A, Di Luccia A. Characterization and Genetic Study of the Ovine α S2 -Casein (CSN1S2) Allele B. Protein J 2009; 28:333-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-009-9198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Comin A, Cassandro M, Chessa S, Ojala M, Dal Zotto R, De Marchi M, Carnier P, Gallo L, Pagnacco G, Bittante G. Effects of composite beta- and kappa-casein genotypes on milk coagulation, quality, and yield traits in Italian Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci 2009; 91:4022-7. [PMID: 18832228 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to estimate the effect of the composite CSN2 and CSN3 genotypes on milk coagulation, quality, and yield traits in Italian Holstein cows. A total of 1,042 multiparous Holstein cows reared on 34 commercial dairy herds were sampled once, concurrently with monthly herd milk recording. The data included the following traits: milk coagulation time; curd firmness; pH and titratable acidity; fat, protein, and casein contents; somatic cell score; and daily milk, fat, and protein yields. A single-trait animal model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, days in milk, parity, composite casein genotype of CSN2 and CSN3 (CSN2-CSN3), and random additive genetic effect of an animal. The composite genotype of CSN2-CSN3 showed a strong effect on both milk coagulation traits and milk and protein yields, but not on fat and protein contents and other milk quality traits. For coagulation time, the best CSN2-CSN3 genotypes were those with at least one B allele in both the CSN2 and CSN3 loci. The CSN3 locus was associated more strongly with milk coagulation traits, whereas the CSN2 locus was associated more with milk and protein yields. However, because of the tight linkage between the 2 loci, the composite genotypes, or haplotypes, are more appropriate than the single-locus genotypes if they were considered for use in selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Comin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Raschetti M, Rignanese D, Pagnacco G, Castiglioni B, Chessa S. Polymorphisms in swine candidate genes for meat quality detected by PCR-SSCP. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2009. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Raschetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
- Istituto di Biologia e Biotecnologia Agraria, CNR, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Rignanese
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università di Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulio Pagnacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Chessa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università di Milano, Italy
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Chessa S, Rignanese D, Küpper J, Pagnacco G, Erhardt G, Caroli A. Short Communication: The β-Casein (CSN2) Silent Allele C1 Is Highly Spread in Goat Breeds. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:4433-6. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Chessa S, Rignanese D, Chiatti F, Radeghieri A, Gigliotti C, Caroli A. Technical Note: Simultaneous Identification of CSN1S2 A, B, C, and E Alleles in Goats by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:1214-7. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Caroli A, Chessa S, Chiatti F, Rignanese D, Meléndez B, Rizzi R, Ceriotti G. Short Communication: Carora Cattle Show High Variability in αs1-Casein. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:354-9. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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