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Flebus B, Grundler D, Rana B, Otani Y, Barsukov I, Barman A, Gubbiotti G, Landeros P, Akerman J, Ebels U, Pirro P, Demidov VE, Schultheiss K, Csaba G, Wang Q, Ciubotaru F, Nikonov DE, Che P, Hertel R, Ono T, Afanasiev D, Mentink J, Rasing T, Hillebrands B, Kusminskiy SV, Zhang W, Du CR, Finco A, van der Sar T, Luo YK, Shiota Y, Sklenar J, Yu T, Rao J. The 2024 magnonics roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:363501. [PMID: 38565125 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Magnonicsis a research field that has gained an increasing interest in both the fundamental and applied sciences in recent years. This field aims to explore and functionalize collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered materials for modern information technologies, sensing applications and advanced computational schemes. Spin waves, also known as magnons, carry spin angular momenta that allow for the transmission, storage and processing of information without moving charges. In integrated circuits, magnons enable on-chip data processing at ultrahigh frequencies without the Joule heating, which currently limits clock frequencies in conventional data processors to a few GHz. Recent developments in the field indicate that functional magnonic building blocks for in-memory computation, neural networks and Ising machines are within reach. At the same time, the miniaturization of magnonic circuits advances continuously as the synergy of materials science, electrical engineering and nanotechnology allows for novel on-chip excitation and detection schemes. Such circuits can already enable magnon wavelengths of 50 nm at microwave frequencies in a 5G frequency band. Research into non-charge-based technologies is urgently needed in view of the rapid growth of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications, which consume substantial energy when implemented on conventional data processing units. In its first part, the 2024 Magnonics Roadmap provides an update on the recent developments and achievements in the field of nano-magnonics while defining its future avenues and challenges. In its second part, the Roadmap addresses the rapidly growing research endeavors on hybrid structures and magnonics-enabled quantum engineering. We anticipate that these directions will continue to attract researchers to the field and, in addition to showcasing intriguing science, will enable unprecedented functionalities that enhance the efficiency of alternative information technologies and computational schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Flebus
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States of America
| | - Dirk Grundler
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering (IEM), EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bivas Rana
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information (ISQI), Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - YoshiChika Otani
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Igor Barsukov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Anjan Barman
- S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Pedro Landeros
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Johan Akerman
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ursula Ebels
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, SPINTEC, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Philipp Pirro
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Csaba
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Dmitri E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel Corp., Hillsboro, OR 97124, United States of America
| | - Ping Che
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Riccardo Hertel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Teruo Ono
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Center for Spintronics Research Network, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Dmytro Afanasiev
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Mentink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rasing
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Burkard Hillebrands
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Silvia Viola Kusminskiy
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen and Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Aurore Finco
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Toeno van der Sar
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States of America
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Yoichi Shiota
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Joseph Sklenar
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Rao
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Kumar R, Srivastav SK, Roy U, Park J, Spånslätt C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gefen Y, Mirlin AD, Das A. Electrical noise spectroscopy of magnons in a quantum Hall ferromagnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4998. [PMID: 38866830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective spin-wave excitations, magnons, are promising quasi-particles for next-generation spintronics devices, including platforms for information transfer. In a quantum Hall ferromagnets, detection of these charge-neutral excitations relies on the conversion of magnons into electrical signals in the form of excess electrons and holes, but if the excess electron and holes are equal, detecting an electrical signal is challenging. In this work, we overcome this shortcoming by measuring the electrical noise generated by magnons. We use the symmetry-broken quantum Hall ferromagnet of the zeroth Landau level in graphene to launch magnons. Absorption of these magnons creates excess noise above the Zeeman energy and remains finite even when the average electrical signal is zero. Moreover, we formulate a theoretical model in which the noise is produced by equilibration between edge channels and propagating magnons. Our model also allows us to pinpoint the regime of ballistic magnon transport in our device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Ujjal Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jinhong Park
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Spånslätt
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuval Gefen
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander D Mirlin
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anindya Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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Zhang Z, Wen HF, Gao Z, Liu Y, Cao B, Guo H, Li Z, Ma Z, Li X, Tang J, Liu J. Investigation of zero-phonon line characteristics in ensemble nitrogen-vacancy centers at 1.6 K-300 K. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:17336-17344. [PMID: 38858919 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers is widely used in quantum information transmission, high-precision magnetic field, and temperature sensing due to their advantages of long-lived state and the ability to be pumped by optical cycling. In this study, we investigate the zero-phonon line behavior of the two charge states of NV centers by measuring the photoluminescence of the NV center at 1.6 K-300 K. The results demonstrate a positional redshift, an increase in line width, and a decrease in fluorescence intensity for the ZPL of NV0 and NV- as the temperature increased. In the range of 10 K to 140 K, the peak shift with high concentrations of NV- revealed an anomaly of bandgap reforming. The peak position undergoes a blueshift and then a redshift as temperature increases. Furthermore, the transformation between NV0 and NV- with temperature changes has been obtained in diamonds with different nitrogen concentrations. This study explored the ZPL characteristics of NV centers in various temperatures, and the findings are significant for the development of high-resolution temperature sensing and high-precision magnetic field sensing in ensemble NV centers.
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Zhang H, Li Z, Yang C, Ma Z, Guo H, Wen H, Li X, Tang J, Liu J. High precision microwave measurement based on nitrogen-vacancy color center and application in velocity detection. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:4931-4943. [PMID: 38439232 DOI: 10.1364/oe.511056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Wide-range high-precision velocity detection with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center has been realized. By treating the NV color center as a mixer, the high-precision microwave measurement is realized. Through optimization of acquisition time, the microwave frequency resolution is improved to the mHz level. Combined with the frequency-velocity conversion model, velocity detection is realized in the range of 0-100 cm/s, and the velocity resolution is up to 0.012 cm/s. The maximum deviation in repeated measurements does not exceed 1/1000. Finally, combined with the multiplexed microwave reference technique, the range of velocity can be extended to 7.4 × 105 m/s. All of the results provide reference for high-precision velocity detection and play a significant role in various domains of quantum precision measurement. This study provides a crucial technical foundation for the development of high-dynamic-range velocity detectors and novel quantum precision velocity measurement technologies.
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Fukami M, Marcks JC, Candido DR, Weiss LR, Soloway B, Sullivan SE, Delegan N, Heremans FJ, Flatté ME, Awschalom DD. Magnon-mediated qubit coupling determined via dissipation measurements. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313754120. [PMID: 38165926 PMCID: PMC10786302 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313754120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Controlled interaction between localized and delocalized solid-state spin systems offers a compelling platform for on-chip quantum information processing with quantum spintronics. Hybrid quantum systems (HQSs) of localized nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond and delocalized magnon modes in ferrimagnets-systems with naturally commensurate energies-have recently attracted significant attention, especially for interconnecting isolated spin qubits at length-scales far beyond those set by the dipolar coupling. However, despite extensive theoretical efforts, there is a lack of experimental characterization of the magnon-mediated interaction between NV centers, which is necessary to develop such hybrid quantum architectures. Here, we experimentally determine the magnon-mediated NV-NV coupling from the magnon-induced self-energy of NV centers. Our results are quantitatively consistent with a model in which the NV center is coupled to magnons by dipolar interactions. This work provides a versatile tool to characterize HQSs in the absence of strong coupling, informing future efforts to engineer entangled solid-state systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Fukami
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Jonathan C. Marcks
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Denis R. Candido
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
| | - Leah R. Weiss
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Benjamin Soloway
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
| | - Sean E. Sullivan
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Nazar Delegan
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - F. Joseph Heremans
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
| | - Michael E. Flatté
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA52242
- Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven5600 MB, Netherlands
| | - David D. Awschalom
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL60637
- Center for Molecular Engineering and Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL60439
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