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Xu C, Xu X, Huang Y, Shang S, Ma L. RNA methylation: A new promising biomaker in cancer liquid biopsy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2025; 1880:189337. [PMID: 40315965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Revised: 04/24/2025] [Accepted: 04/25/2025] [Indexed: 05/04/2025]
Abstract
RNA methylation is a vital epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression by influencing RNA processes such as transcription, degradation, translation, and transport. Aberrant methylation, including modifications like m6A, m5C, m1A, m7G, and m3C, is closely linked to tumorigenesis and progression. Liquid biopsy, a non-invasive technique analyzing tumor markers in body fluids, offers significant potential for early diagnosis and dynamic monitoring. In this context, RNA methylation, due to its tumor-specific properties, is emerging as a valuable marker. However, significant challenges remain in its clinical application. This review explores the roles of RNA methylation in cancer, recent advances in detection technologies, and its potential as a liquid biopsy marker in tumor management. It highlights its promising applications in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment in the era of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuang Shang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Han Y, Sun J, Yao M, Miao L, Li M. Biological roles of enhancer RNA m6A modification and its implications in cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2025; 23:254. [PMID: 40448182 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-025-02254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2025] [Accepted: 05/17/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025] Open
Abstract
Enhancers, as distal cis-regulatory elements in the genome, have a pivotal influence on orchestrating precise gene expression. Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), transcribed from active enhancer regions, are increasingly recognized as key regulators of transcription. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most plentiful internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, has garnered significant research interest in recent years. With advancements in high-throughput sequencing technologies, it has been established that m6A modifications are also present on eRNAs. An accumulative body of evidence demonstrates that aberrant enhancers, eRNAs, and m6A modifications are intimately connected with carcinoma onset, progression, invasion, metastasis, treatment response, drug resistance, and prognosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms governing m6A modification of eRNAs in cancer remain elusive. Here, we review and synthesize current understanding of the regulatory roles of enhancers, eRNAs, and m6A modifications in cancer. Furthermore, we investigate the possible roles of eRNAs m6A modification in tumorigenesis based on existing literature, offering novel perspectives and directions for future research on epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Han
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Jingqi Sun
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Minghui Yao
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Liying Miao
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China
| | - Mengjia Li
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Endemic Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830017, China.
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Sun Y, Li J. Mechanistic insights into stem cell fate regulation via RNA methylation. Ageing Res Rev 2025; 107:102717. [PMID: 40054777 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2025.102717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 04/13/2025]
Abstract
Stem cells possess an extraordinary ability for self-renewal and differentiation, making them essential for tissue repair, regeneration, and anti-aging. RNA methylation is crucial in regulating stem cell fate by modulating gene expression. This review synthesizes current research on RNA methylation modifications, such as m6A, m7G, m5C, and m1A, and their impact on adult stem cell fate. It provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular machinery involved in RNA methylation, emphasizes the critical roles of these modifications in stem cell biology, reviews the latest advancements in sequencing technologies, and discusses potential crosstalk between RNA methylation and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Sun
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Jingting Li
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Xing L, Zhou Y, Chang N, Xi H, Xu X, Zhang J. LINC01559 drives osimertinib resistance in NSCLC through a ceRNA network regulating miR-320a/IGF2BP3 axis. Front Pharmacol 2025; 16:1592846. [PMID: 40313617 PMCID: PMC12043721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1592846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 05/03/2025] Open
Abstract
Background Osimertinib resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of drug resistance, but their roles in osimertinib resistance are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify lncRNAs driving osimertinib resistance and elucidate their molecular mechanisms. Methods Multi-cohort analysis (GSE222820, GSE232890, GSE255958) identified osimertinib resistance-associated lncRNAs. Functional validation employed in vitro assays (proliferation, migration, invasion, drug sensitivity) and xenograft models. Mechanistic studies involved luciferase reporter assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and Western blotting. Clinical correlations were analyzed using TCGA-LUAD data. Results Our findings demonstrated that LINC01559 was markedly upregulated in LUAD tissues and osimertinib-resistant cell lines, correlating with poor patient survival. Functional analyses revealed that LINC01559 critically regulates processes linked to drug resistance, enhancing tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasive capabilities. Knockdown of LINC01559 sensitized resistant cells to osimertinib, significantly reducing colony-forming potential and suppressing migratory/invasive behaviors. In contrast, overexpression of LINC01559 exacerbated therapeutic resistance. Mechanistically, LINC01559 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-320a, promote osimertinib -resistance and upregulate the expression of the miR-320a target IGF2BP3. Rescue experiments and xenograft models confirmed that Linc01559 drives resistance via the miR-320a/IGF2BP3 axis. Conclusion This study identifies LINC01559 as a novel ceRNA that drives osimertinib resistance in lung adenocarcinoma by sponging miR-320a to enhance IGF2BP3 expression. Targeting the LINC01559/miR-320a/IGF2BP3 axis may provide a therapeutic strategy to overcome osimertinib resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidi Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liangliang Xing
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ning Chang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hangtian Xi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangrui Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air-Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Chest Hospital in Xi’an People’s Hospital, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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Wu Q, Fu X, Liu G, He X, Li Y, Ou C. N7-methylguanosine modification in cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Hematol Oncol 2025; 18:12. [PMID: 39881381 PMCID: PMC11780989 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-025-01665-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2025] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is an important RNA modification involved in epigenetic regulation that is commonly observed in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Their influence on the synthesis and processing of messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA allows m7G modifications to affect diverse cellular, physiological, and pathological processes. m7G modifications are pivotal in human diseases, particularly cancer progression. On one hand, m7G modification-associated modulate tumour progression and affect malignant biological characteristics, including sustained proliferation signalling, resistance to cell death, activation of invasion and metastasis, reprogramming of energy metabolism, genome instability, and immune evasion. This suggests that they may be novel therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. On the other hand, the aberrant expression of m7G modification-associated molecules is linked to clinicopathological characteristics, including tumour staging, lymph node metastasis, and unfavourable prognoses in patients with cancer, indicating their potential as tumour biomarkers. This review consolidates the discovery, identification, detection methodologies, and functional roles of m7G modification, analysing the mechanisms by which m7G modification-associated molecules contribute to tumour development, and exploring their potential clinical applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy, thereby providing innovative strategies for tumour identification and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Guoqian Liu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Departments of Ultrasound Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yimin Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Gynecology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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Liu L, Zhao YJ, Zhang F. RNA methylation modifications in neurodegenerative diseases: Focus on their enzyme system. J Adv Res 2025:S2090-1232(25)00027-X. [PMID: 39765326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2025.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Revised: 12/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2025] [Indexed: 01/11/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a significant public health challenge, as they are increasingly contributing to global mortality and morbidity, particularly among the elderly population. Pathogenesis of NDs is intricate and multifactorial. Recently, post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) of RNA, with a particular focus on mRNA methylation, have been gaining increasing attention. At present, several regulatory genes associated with mRNA methylation have been identified and closely associated with neurodegenerative disorders. AIM OF REVIEW This review aimed to summarize the RNA methylation enzymes system, including the writer, reader, and eraser proteins and delve into their functions in the central nervous system (CNS), hoping to open new avenues for exploring the mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for NDs. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Recently, studies have highlighted the critical role of RNA methylation in the development and function of the CNS, and abnormalities in this process may contribute to brain damage and NDs, aberrant expression of enzymes involved in RNA methylation has been implicated in the onset and development of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Jia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Wang F, Yang C, Zheng F, Yan Y, Li G, Feng Y, Xu H, He Z, Cai D, Sun H, Qi X, Mao Y. METTL1 mediates PKM m7G modification to regulate CD155 expression and promote immune evasion in colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:1161. [PMID: 39741310 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2024] [Accepted: 12/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/02/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is characterized by poor responsiveness to immune evasion and immunotherapy. RNA 7-methylguanine (m7G) modification plays a key role in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms by which m7G-modified RNA metabolism affects tumor progression are not fully understood, nor is the contribution of m7G-modified RNA to the CRC immune microenvironment. METHODS The expression levels of Methyltransferase-like 1 (METTL1) and m7G in human tissues were determined. In this study, the effect of METTL1 on RNA m7G levels was evaluated, the effect of METTL1 on PKM mRNA modification was confirmed, the expression level of the PKM2 protein was detected, and the mechanism involved RT‒qPCR, Western blot, RNA stability analysis and RIP analysis. Lactate and H3K9 lactylation (H3K9la) induced by METTL1/PKM2 were analyzed via the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and lactic acid assays. Cut&Run was used to detect METTL1/PKM2-induced CD155 (PVR) transcription. In addition, METTL1 knockout mice were studied in vivo with CD155 blockers. RESULTS We demonstrated that m7G RNA METTL1 enhances PKM2 expression by acting on PKM mRNA, leading to tumor progression and increased glycolysis. Specifically, METTL1 mediates m7G methylation of PKM mRNA and enhances the expression of its encoded PKM2, which in turn enhances glycolysis, promotes H3K9la, and activates METTL1 transcription, creating a positive feedback loop. Moreover, increased PKM2 dimer expression and nuclear translocation activated CD155 expression and induced CRC immune evasion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a general mechanism by which METTL1/PKM2/H3K9la signaling regulates RNA metabolism and highlight METTL1 targeting as a potential strategy for CRC immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yan
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Guifang Li
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanyan Feng
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hejia Xu
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zilong He
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Dongyan Cai
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hairong Sun
- Departemnt of Pediatrics, Wuxi Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Xiaowei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Yong Mao
- Department of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
- Laboratory of Oncology Precision Diagnosis and Treatment, Wuxi Medical College of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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Sharma G, Gutierrez M, Jones AE, Jaiswal AK, Neeb ZT, Rios A, Thaxton ML, Lin TL, Tran TM, Kabbani LES, Ritter AJ, Stiles L, Hoeve JT, Divakaruni AS, Sanford JR, Rao DS. Metabolic regulation of RNA methylation by the m 6A-reader IGF2BP3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.10.31.621399. [PMID: 39554138 PMCID: PMC11565949 DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.31.621399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2024]
Abstract
The interplay of RNA modifications - deposited by "writers", removed by "erasers" and identified by RNA binding proteins known as "readers" - forms the basis of the epitranscriptomic gene regulation hypothesis. Recent studies have identified the oncofetal RNA-binding protein IGF2BP3 as a "reader" of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification and crucial for regulating gene expression. Yet, how its function as a reader overlaps with its critical oncogenic function in leukemia remains an open question. Here, we report the novel finding that the reader IGF2BP3 reprograms cellular metabolism, resulting in an altered ability of the "writers" to modify the epitranscriptome. In leukemia cells, IGF2BP3 supports increased glycolytic flux and one-carbon metabolism, leading to increased production of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), a key substrate for methylation reactions within the cell. IGF2BP3 directly regulates the translation of MAT2B, the regulatory subunit of the methionine-adenosyltransferase complex, which is the final enzyme in a pathway leading to SAM production. This, in turn, results in increased m6A modifications on RNA, resulting in positive feedback regulation. This novel mechanism illustrates how metabolism mutually acts with epitranscriptomic modifications, underscoring the pervasive impact of IGF2BP3 in gene regulatory mechanisms governing a broad range of cancer-specific processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Martin Gutierrez
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zachary T Neeb
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Amy Rios
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michelle L Thaxton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tasha L Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiffany M Tran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lyna E S Kabbani
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Alexander J Ritter
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy R Sanford
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Center for Molecular Biology of RNA, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
- Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA
| | - Dinesh S Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Li D, Liu Y, Yang G, He M, Lu L. Recent insights into RNA m5C methylation modification in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189223. [PMID: 39577751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2024] [Revised: 11/12/2024] [Accepted: 11/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) methylation involves the addition of a methyl (-CH3) group to the cytosine (C) base within an RNA molecule, forming the m5C modification. m5C plays a role in numerous essential biological processes, including the regulation of RNA stability, nuclear export, and protein translation. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of m5C in the pathogenesis of various diseases, particularly tumors. Emerging evidence indicates that RNA m5C methylation is intricately implicated in the mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysregulation of m5C-associated regulatory factors is common in HCC and shows significant associations with prognosis, treatment response, and clinicopathological features. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the components and functions of m5C regulators, particularly emphasizing their research advancements in the context of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China
| | - Guang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China
| | - Mingyu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China.
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University (Zhuhai People's Hospital), Zhuhai, Guangdong Province 519000, PR China; Guangzhou First Pepople's Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510006, PR China.
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