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Houldcroft CJ, Underdown S. Infectious disease in the Pleistocene: Old friends or old foes? AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:513-531. [PMID: 38006200 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The impact of endemic and epidemic disease on humans has traditionally been seen as a comparatively recent historical phenomenon associated with the Neolithisation of human groups, an increase in population size led by sedentarism, and increasing contact with domesticated animals as well as species occupying opportunistic symbiotic and ectosymbiotic relationships with humans. The orthodox approach is that Neolithisation created the conditions for increasing population size able to support a reservoir of infectious disease sufficient to act as selective pressure. This orthodoxy is the result of an overly simplistic reliance on skeletal data assuming that no skeletal lesions equated to a healthy individual, underpinned by the assumption that hunter-gatherer groups were inherently healthy while agricultural groups acted as infectious disease reservoirs. The work of van Blerkom, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., vol. suppl 37 (2003), Wolfe et al., Nature, vol. 447 (2007) and Houldcroft and Underdown, Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., vol. 160, (2016) has changed this landscape by arguing that humans and pathogens have long been fellow travelers. The package of infectious diseases experienced by our ancient ancestors may not be as dissimilar to modern infectious diseases as was once believed. The importance of DNA, from ancient and modern sources, to the study of the antiquity of infectious disease, and its role as a selective pressure cannot be overstated. Here we consider evidence of ancient epidemic and endemic infectious diseases with inferences from modern and ancient human and hominin DNA, and from circulating and extinct pathogen genomes. We argue that the pandemics of the past are a vital tool to unlock the weapons needed to fight pandemics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Underdown
- Human Origins and Palaeoenvironmental Research Group, School of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Pop E, Hilgen S, Adhityatama S, Berghuis H, Veldkamp T, Vonhof H, Sutisna I, Alink G, Noerwidi S, Roebroeks W, Joordens J. Reconstructing the provenance of the hominin fossils from Trinil (Java, Indonesia) through an integrated analysis of the historical and recent excavations. J Hum Evol 2023; 176:103312. [PMID: 36745959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the early 1890s at Trinil, Eugène Dubois found a hominin skullcap (Trinil 2) and femur (Trinil 3, Femur I), situated at the same level ca. 10-15 m apart. He interpreted them as representing one species, Pithecanthropus erectus (now Homo erectus) which he inferred to be a transitional form between apes and humans. Ever since, this interpretation has been questioned-as the skullcap looked archaic and the femur surprisingly modern. From the 1950s onward, chemical and morphological analyses rekindled the debate. Concurrently, (bio)stratigraphic arguments gained importance, raising the stakes by extrapolating the consequences of potential mixing of hominin remains to the homogeneity of the complete Trinil fossil assemblage. However, conclusive evidence on the provenance and age of the hominin fossils remains absent. New Trinil fieldwork yielded unmanned aerial vehicle imagery, digital elevation models, and stratigraphic observations that have been integrated here with an analysis of the historical excavation documentation. Using a geographic information system and sightline analysis, the position of the historical excavation pits and the hominin fossils therein were reconstructed, and the historical stratigraphy was connected to that of new sections and test pits. This study documents five strata situated at low water level at the excavation site. Cutting into a lahar breccia are two similarly oriented, but asynchronous pre-terrace fluvial channels whose highly fossiliferous infills are identified as the primary targets of the historical excavations (Bone-Bearing Channel 1, 830-773 ka; Bone-Bearing Channel 2, 560-380 ka), providing evidence for a mixed faunal assemblage and yielding most of the hominin fossils. These channels were incised by younger terrace-related fluvial channels (terminal Middle or Late Pleistocene) that directly intersect the historical excavations and the reconstructed discovery location of Femur I, thereby providing an explanation for the relatively modern morphology of this 'bone of contention'. The paleoanthropological implications are discussed in light of the current framework of human evolution in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Pop
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Sander Hilgen
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shinatria Adhityatama
- Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, 58 Parklands Drive, Southport, Qld, 4222, Australia
| | - Harold Berghuis
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Veldkamp
- Faculty ITC, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert Vonhof
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Indra Sutisna
- Geological Museum, Jl. Diponegoro 57, Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40122, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gerrit Alink
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sofwan Noerwidi
- Pusat Riset Arkeometri, Organisasi Riset Arkeologi, Bahasa, dan Sastra, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (OR ARBASTRA - BRIN), Jl. Condet Pejaten 4, Ps. Minggu, Jakarta Selatan, DKI Jakarta, 12510, Indonesia
| | - Wil Roebroeks
- Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Josephine Joordens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands; Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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3
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Taufik L, Teixeira JC, Llamas B, Sudoyo H, Tobler R, Purnomo GA. Human Genetic Research in Wallacea and Sahul: Recent Findings and Future Prospects. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122373. [PMID: 36553640 PMCID: PMC9778601 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequence data from worldwide human populations have provided a range of novel insights into our shared ancestry and the historical migrations that have shaped our global genetic diversity. However, a comprehensive understanding of these fundamental questions has been impeded by the lack of inclusion of many Indigenous populations in genomic surveys, including those from the Wallacean archipelago (which comprises islands of present-day Indonesia located east and west of Wallace's and Lydekker's Lines, respectively) and the former continent of Sahul (which once combined New Guinea and Australia during lower sea levels in the Pleistocene). Notably, these regions have been important areas of human evolution throughout the Late Pleistocene, as documented by diverse fossil and archaeological records which attest to the regional presence of multiple hominin species prior to the arrival of anatomically modern human (AMH) migrants. In this review, we collate and discuss key findings from the past decade of population genetic and phylogeographic literature focussed on the hominin history in Wallacea and Sahul. Specifically, we examine the evidence for the timing and direction of the ancient AMH migratory movements and subsequent hominin mixing events, emphasising several novel but consistent results that have important implications for addressing these questions. Finally, we suggest potentially lucrative directions for future genetic research in this key region of human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Taufik
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang 15810, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (G.A.P.)
| | - João C. Teixeira
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bastien Llamas
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- National Centre for Indigenous Genomics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- Indigenous Genomics Research Group, Telethon Kids Institute, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Herawati Sudoyo
- Mochtar Riady Institute for Nanotechnology, Tangerang 15810, Indonesia
| | - Raymond Tobler
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Evolution of Cultural Diversity Initiative, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gludhug A. Purnomo
- Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (G.A.P.)
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Koller D, Wendt FR, Pathak GA, De Lillo A, De Angelis F, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Tucci S, Polimanti R. Denisovan and Neanderthal archaic introgression differentially impacted the genetics of complex traits in modern populations. BMC Biol 2022; 20:249. [PMID: 36344982 PMCID: PMC9641937 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01449-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introgression from extinct Neanderthal and Denisovan human species has been shown to contribute to the genetic pool of modern human populations and their phenotypic spectrum. Evidence of how Neanderthal introgression shaped the genetics of human traits and diseases has been extensively studied in populations of European descent, with signatures of admixture reported for instance in genes associated with pigmentation, immunity, and metabolic traits. However, limited information is currently available about the impact of archaic introgression on other ancestry groups. Additionally, to date, no study has been conducted with respect to the impact of Denisovan introgression on the health and disease of modern populations. Here, we compare the way evolutionary pressures shaped the genetics of complex traits in East Asian and European populations, and provide evidence of the impact of Denisovan introgression on the health of East Asian and Central/South Asian populations. RESULTS Leveraging genome-wide association statistics from the Biobank Japan and UK Biobank, we assessed whether Denisovan and Neanderthal introgression together with other evolutionary genomic signatures were enriched for the heritability of physiological and pathological conditions in populations of East Asian and European descent. In EAS, Denisovan-introgressed loci were enriched for coronary artery disease heritability (1.69-fold enrichment, p=0.003). No enrichment for archaic introgression was observed in EUR. We also performed a phenome-wide association study of Denisovan and Neanderthal alleles in six ancestry groups available in the UK Biobank. In EAS, the Denisovan-introgressed SNP rs62391664 in the major histocompatibility complex region was associated with albumin/globulin ratio (beta=-0.17, p=3.57×10-7). Neanderthal-introgressed alleles were associated with psychiatric and cognitive traits in EAS (e.g., "No Bipolar or Depression"-rs79043717 beta=-1.5, p=1.1×10-7), and with blood biomarkers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase-rs11244089 beta=0.1, p=3.69×10-116) and red hair color (rs60733936 beta=-0.86, p=4.49×10-165) in EUR. In the other ancestry groups, Neanderthal alleles were associated with several traits, also including the use of certain medications (e.g., Central/South East Asia: indapamide - rs732632 beta=-2.38, p=5.22×10-7). CONCLUSIONS Our study provides novel evidence regarding the impact of archaic introgression on the genetics of complex traits in worldwide populations, highlighting the specific contribution of Denisovan introgression in EAS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08028, Spain
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Gita A Pathak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Antonella De Lillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Flavio De Angelis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Brenda Cabrera-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Serena Tucci
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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A Middle Pleistocene Denisovan molar from the Annamite Chain of northern Laos. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2557. [PMID: 35581187 PMCID: PMC9114389 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29923-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pleistocene presence of the genus Homo in continental Southeast Asia is primarily evidenced by a sparse stone tool record and rare human remains. Here we report a Middle Pleistocene hominin specimen from Laos, with the discovery of a molar from the Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave) limestone cave in the Annamite Mountains. The age of the fossil-bearing breccia ranges between 164–131 kyr, based on the Bayesian modelling of luminescence dating of the sedimentary matrix from which it was recovered, U-series dating of an overlying flowstone, and U-series–ESR dating of associated faunal teeth. Analyses of the internal structure of the molar in tandem with palaeoproteomic analyses of the enamel indicate that the tooth derives from a young, likely female, Homo individual. The close morphological affinities with the Xiahe specimen from China indicate that they belong to the same taxon and that Tam Ngu Hao 2 most likely represents a Denisovan. Evidence for the presence of Homo during the Middle Pleistocene is limited in continental Southeast Asia. Here, the authors report a hominin molar from Tam Ngu Hao 2 (Cobra Cave), dated to 164–131 kyr. They use morphological and paleoproteomic analysis to show that it likely belonged to a female Denisovan.
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Roberts P, Douka K, Tromp M, Bedford S, Hawkins S, Bouffandeau L, Ilgner J, Lucas M, Marzo S, Hamilton R, Ambrose W, Bulbeck D, Luu S, Shing R, Gosden C, Summerhayes G, Spriggs M. Fossils, fish and tropical forests: prehistoric human adaptations on the island frontiers of Oceania. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20200495. [PMID: 35249390 PMCID: PMC8899615 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceania is a key region for studying human dispersals, adaptations and interactions with other hominin populations. Although archaeological evidence now reveals occupation of the region by approximately 65–45 000 years ago, its human fossil record, which has the best potential to provide direct insights into ecological adaptations and population relationships, has remained much more elusive. Here, we apply radiocarbon dating and stable isotope approaches to the earliest human remains so far excavated on the islands of Near and Remote Oceania to explore the chronology and diets of the first preserved human individuals to step across these Pacific frontiers. We demonstrate that the oldest human (or indeed hominin) fossil outside of the mainland New Guinea-Aru area dates to approximately 11 800 years ago. Furthermore, although these early sea-faring populations have been associated with a specialized coastal adaptation, we show that Late Pleistocene–Holocene humans living on islands in the Bismarck Archipelago and in Vanuatu display a persistent reliance on interior tropical forest resources. We argue that local tropical habitats, rather than purely coasts or, later, arriving domesticates, should be emphasized in discussions of human diets and cultural practices from the onset of our species' arrival in this part of the world. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Tropical forests in the deep human past’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Roberts
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany.,School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katerina Douka
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monica Tromp
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany.,Southern Pacific Archaeological Research, Archaeology Programme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Stuart Bedford
- Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany.,College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Stuart Hawkins
- College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Laurie Bouffandeau
- UMR 7209 AASPE, CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.,CIRAP, Université de la Polynésie française, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Jana Ilgner
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
| | - Mary Lucas
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
| | - Sara Marzo
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany
| | - Rebecca Hamilton
- Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Germany.,College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Wallace Ambrose
- College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - David Bulbeck
- College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sindy Luu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,Archaeology Programme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Chris Gosden
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Glenn Summerhayes
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Archaeology Programme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.,College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew Spriggs
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Vanuatu Cultural Centre, Port Vila, Vanuatu
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Villanea FA, Witt KE. Underrepresented Populations at the Archaic Introgression Frontier. Front Genet 2022; 13:821170. [PMID: 35281795 PMCID: PMC8914065 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.821170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Villanea
- Department of Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- *Correspondence: Fernando A Villanea,
| | - Kelsey E. Witt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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8
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Göllner T, Larena M, Kutanan W, Lukas H, Fieder M, Schaschl H. Unveiling the Genetic History of the Maniq, a primary hunter-gatherer society. Genome Biol Evol 2022; 14:6526392. [PMID: 35143674 PMCID: PMC9005329 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Maniq of southern Thailand is one of the last remaining practicing hunter-gatherer communities in the world. However, our knowledge on their genetic origins and demographic history is still largely limited. We present here the genotype data covering ∼2.3 million single nucleotide polymorphisms of 11 unrelated Maniq individuals. Our analyses reveal the Maniq to be closely related to the Semang populations of Malaysia (Malay Negritos), who altogether carry an Andamanese-related ancestry linked to the ancient Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherers of Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA). Moreover, the Maniq possess ∼35% East Asian-related ancestry, likely brought about by recent admixture with surrounding agriculturist communities in the region. In addition, the Maniq exhibit one of the highest levels of genetic differentiation found among living human populations, indicative of their small population size and historical practice of endogamy. Similar to other hunter-gatherer populations of MSEA, we also find the Maniq to possess low levels of Neanderthal ancestry and undetectable levels of Denisovan ancestry. Altogether, we reveal the Maniq to be a Semang group that experienced intense genetic drift and exhibits signs of ancient Hòabìnhian ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Göllner
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Larena
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen, Uppsala, 18C, 75236, Sweden
| | - Wibhu Kutanan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Helmut Lukas
- Institute for Social Anthropology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Fieder
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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9
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Larena M, McKenna J, Sanchez-Quinto F, Bernhardsson C, Ebeo C, Reyes R, Casel O, Huang JY, Hagada KP, Guilay D, Reyes J, Allian FP, Mori V, Azarcon LS, Manera A, Terando C, Jamero L, Sireg G, Manginsay-Tremedal R, Labos MS, Vilar RD, Latiph A, Saway RL, Marte E, Magbanua P, Morales A, Java I, Reveche R, Barrios B, Burton E, Salon JC, Kels MJT, Albano A, Cruz-Angeles RB, Molanida E, Granehäll L, Vicente M, Edlund H, Loo JH, Trejaut J, Ho SYW, Reid L, Lambeck K, Malmström H, Schlebusch C, Endicott P, Jakobsson M. Philippine Ayta possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4219-4230.e10. [PMID: 34388371 PMCID: PMC8596304 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence show that modern humans interbred with archaic Denisovans. Here, we report an account of shared demographic history between Australasians and Denisovans distinctively in Island Southeast Asia. Our analyses are based on ∼2.3 million genotypes from 118 ethnic groups of the Philippines, including 25 diverse self-identified Negrito populations, along with high-coverage genomes of Australopapuans and Ayta Magbukon Negritos. We show that Ayta Magbukon possess the highest level of Denisovan ancestry in the world-∼30%-40% greater than that of Australians and Papuans-consistent with an independent admixture event into Negritos from Denisovans. Together with the recently described Homo luzonensis, we suggest that there were multiple archaic species that inhabited the Philippines prior to the arrival of modern humans and that these archaic groups may have been genetically related. Altogether, our findings unveil a complex intertwined history of modern and archaic humans in the Asia-Pacific region, where distinct Islander Denisovan populations differentially admixed with incoming Australasians across multiple locations and at various points in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Larena
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - James McKenna
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Federico Sanchez-Quinto
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico
| | - Carolina Bernhardsson
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carlo Ebeo
- National Committee on Cultural Education, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines; National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Avenue, Rizal Park, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rebecca Reyes
- Ayta Magbukon Cultural Bearer, Ayta Magbukon Indigenous Cultural Community, Abucay, Bataan, Philippines; National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Philippines
| | - Ophelia Casel
- Mindanao Doctors Hospital and Cancer Center, Kabacan, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Jin-Yuan Huang
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
| | - Kim Pullupul Hagada
- National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Philippines; Young Indigenous Peoples Empowered to Act in Community Engagement, Diffun, Quirino
| | - Dennis Guilay
- Balangao Indigenous Cultural Community, Paracelis, Mountain Province, Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines
| | - Jennelyn Reyes
- Department of Education - Bataan Division, Bataan, Philippines
| | - Fatima Pir Allian
- Nisa Ul Haqq fi Bangsamoro, Zamboanga City, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines; Tarbilang Foundation, Inc., Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Virgilio Mori
- Tarbilang Foundation, Inc., Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Lahaina Sue Azarcon
- Center for Language and Culture, Quirino State University, Barangay Andres Bonifacio, Diffun, Quirino, Philippines
| | - Alma Manera
- Center for Language and Culture, Cagayan State University - Andrews Campus, Caritan Highway, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines
| | - Celito Terando
- Tagakaulo Indigenous Cultural Community, Malungon, Sarangani, Philippines; Sulong Tribu Program, Provincial Government of Sarangani, Glan, Sarangani, Philippines
| | - Lucio Jamero
- Ayta Magbukon Cultural Bearer, Ayta Magbukon Indigenous Cultural Community, Abucay, Bataan, Philippines
| | - Gauden Sireg
- Subanen Indigenous Cultural Community, Lakewood, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines; Dumendingan Arts Guild Inc., Pagadian City, Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines
| | | | - Maria Shiela Labos
- Ateneo Institute of Anthropology, Ateneo de Davao University, Roxas Avenue, 8016 Davao City, Philippines; Museo Dabawenyo, Andres Bonifacio Rotunda, Poblacion District, Davao City, Philippines
| | - Richard Dian Vilar
- Cultural Outreach Program, Kaliwat Performing Artists Collective, Gumamela St., Lanang, Davao City, Philippines; Culture, Heritage, and Arts Office, Local Government Unit of Butuan, Butuan City, Philippines
| | - Acram Latiph
- Institute for Peace and Development in Mindanao, Mindanao State University - Marawi Campus, Marawi City, Lanao del Sur, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Philippines
| | | | - Erwin Marte
- Legal Affairs Office, Indigenous People's Mandatory Representative - Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Bukidnon, Northern Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Pablito Magbanua
- National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, Philippines; Cuyonon Indigenous Cultural Community, Cuyo Island, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Amor Morales
- Surigaonon Heritage Center, Surigao City, Surigao del Norte, Philippines
| | - Ismael Java
- Kabankalan City Cultural and Tourism Foundation, Inc., Kabankalan City, Negros Occidental, Philippines; Cultural Research and Documentation, Negros Museum, Gatuslao St., Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines
| | - Rudy Reveche
- Cultural Research and Documentation, Negros Museum, Gatuslao St., Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines; Culture and Arts Program, Colegio San Agustin, BS Aquino Drive, Bacolod, Negros Occidental, Philippines
| | - Becky Barrios
- Panaghiusa Alang Sa Kaugalingnan Ug Kalingkawasan, Inc., Bunawan, Agusan del Sur, Philippines; Agusan Manobo Indigenous Cultural Community, La Paz, Agusan del Sur, Philippines
| | - Erlinda Burton
- Museo de Oro, Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
| | - Jesus Christopher Salon
- Museo de Oro, Xavier University - Ateneo de Cagayan, Corrales Avenue, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines; City Museum of Cagayan de Oro, Fernandez St., Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines
| | - Ma Junaliah Tuazon Kels
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Adrian Albano
- Kalanguya Indigenous Cultural Community, Tinoc, Ifugao, Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines; Office of Tinoc Campus Administrator, Ifugao State University, Tinoc, Ifugao, Cordillera Administrative Region, Philippines
| | | | - Edison Molanida
- Heritage Office, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines; Office of the Executive Director, National Commission for Culture and the Arts, Intramuros, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lena Granehäll
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mário Vicente
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Edlund
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jun-Hun Loo
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
| | - Jean Trejaut
- Molecular Anthropology and Transfusion Medicine Research Laboratory, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City 10449, Taiwan
| | - Simon Y W Ho
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lawrence Reid
- Department of Linguistics, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Mānoa, HI, USA; National Museum of the Philippines, Padre Burgos Avenue, Rizal Park, Ermita, Manila, Philippines
| | - Kurt Lambeck
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Helena Malmström
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Carina Schlebusch
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; SciLifeLab, Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Phillip Endicott
- Department Hommes Natures Societies, Musée de l'Homme, 75016 Paris, Ile de France, France
| | - Mattias Jakobsson
- Human Evolution, Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; Palaeo-Research Institute, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa; SciLifeLab, Stockholm and Uppsala, Sweden.
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10
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Ahlquist KD, Bañuelos MM, Funk A, Lai J, Rong S, Villanea FA, Witt KE. Our Tangled Family Tree: New Genomic Methods Offer Insight into the Legacy of Archaic Admixture. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab115. [PMID: 34028527 PMCID: PMC8480178 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The archaic ancestry present in the human genome has captured the imagination of both scientists and the wider public in recent years. This excitement is the result of new studies pushing the envelope of what we can learn from the archaic genetic information that has survived for over 50,000 years in the human genome. Here, we review the most recent ten years of literature on the topic of archaic introgression, including the current state of knowledge on Neanderthal and Denisovan introgression, as well as introgression from other as-yet unidentified archaic populations. We focus this review on four topics: 1) a reimagining of human demographic history, including evidence for multiple admixture events between modern humans, Neanderthals, Denisovans, and other archaic populations; 2) state-of-the-art methods for detecting archaic ancestry in population-level genomic data; 3) how these novel methods can detect archaic introgression in modern African populations; and 4) the functional consequences of archaic gene variants, including how those variants were co-opted into novel function in modern human populations. The goal of this review is to provide a simple-to-access reference for the relevant methods and novel data, which has changed our understanding of the relationship between our species and its siblings. This body of literature reveals the large degree to which the genetic legacy of these extinct hominins has been integrated into the human populations of today.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Ahlquist
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Mayra M Bañuelos
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alyssa Funk
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jiaying Lai
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Brown Center for Biomedical Informatics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Stephen Rong
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Fernando A Villanea
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelsey E Witt
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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11
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Mitogenomes Reveal Two Major Influxes of Papuan Ancestry across Wallacea Following the Last Glacial Maximum and Austronesian Contact. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12070965. [PMID: 34202821 PMCID: PMC8306604 DOI: 10.3390/genes12070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical archipelago of Wallacea contains thousands of individual islands interspersed between mainland Asia and Near Oceania, and marks the location of a series of ancient oceanic voyages leading to the peopling of Sahul—i.e., the former continent that joined Australia and New Guinea at a time of lowered sea level—by 50,000 years ago. Despite the apparent deep antiquity of human presence in Wallacea, prior population history research in this region has been hampered by patchy archaeological and genetic records and is largely concentrated upon more recent history that follows the arrival of Austronesian seafarers ~3000–4000 years ago (3–4 ka). To shed light on the deeper history of Wallacea and its connections with New Guinea and Australia, we performed phylogeographic analyses on 656 whole mitogenomes from these three regions, including 186 new samples from eight Wallacean islands and three West Papuan populations. Our results point to a surprisingly dynamic population history in Wallacea, marked by two periods of extensive demographic change concentrated around the Last Glacial Maximum ~15 ka and post-Austronesian contact ~3 ka. These changes appear to have greatly diminished genetic signals informative about the original peopling of Sahul, and have important implications for our current understanding of the population history of the region.
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12
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Storz JF, Signore AV. Introgressive Hybridization and Hypoxia Adaptation in High-Altitude Vertebrates. Front Genet 2021; 12:696484. [PMID: 34239546 PMCID: PMC8258166 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.696484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural populations of animals, a growing body of evidence suggests that introgressive hybridization may often serve as an important source of adaptive genetic variation. Population genomic studies of high-altitude vertebrates have provided strong evidence of positive selection on introgressed allelic variants, typically involving a long-term highland species as the donor and a more recently arrived colonizing species as the recipient. In high-altitude humans and canids from the Tibetan Plateau, case studies of adaptive introgression involving the HIF transcription factor, EPAS1, have provided insights into complex histories of ancient introgression, including examples of admixture from now-extinct source populations. In Tibetan canids and Andean waterfowl, directed mutagenesis experiments involving introgressed hemoglobin variants successfully identified causative amino acid mutations and characterized their phenotypic effects, thereby providing insights into the functional properties of selectively introgressed alleles. We review case studies of adaptive introgression in high-altitude vertebrates and we highlight findings that may be of general significance for understanding mechanisms of environmental adaptation involving different sources of genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Anthony V Signore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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13
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Carlhoff S, Duli A, Nägele K, Nur M, Skov L, Sumantri I, Oktaviana AA, Hakim B, Burhan B, Syahdar FA, McGahan DP, Bulbeck D, Perston YL, Newman K, Saiful AM, Ririmasse M, Chia S, Hasanuddin, Pulubuhu DAT, Suryatman, Supriadi, Jeong C, Peter BM, Prüfer K, Powell A, Krause J, Posth C, Brumm A. Genome of a middle Holocene hunter-gatherer from Wallacea. Nature 2021; 596:543-547. [PMID: 34433944 PMCID: PMC8387238 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03823-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Much remains unknown about the population history of early modern humans in southeast Asia, where the archaeological record is sparse and the tropical climate is inimical to the preservation of ancient human DNA1. So far, only two low-coverage pre-Neolithic human genomes have been sequenced from this region. Both are from mainland Hòabìnhian hunter-gatherer sites: Pha Faen in Laos, dated to 7939-7751 calibrated years before present (yr cal BP; present taken as AD 1950), and Gua Cha in Malaysia (4.4-4.2 kyr cal BP)1. Here we report, to our knowledge, the first ancient human genome from Wallacea, the oceanic island zone between the Sunda Shelf (comprising mainland southeast Asia and the continental islands of western Indonesia) and Pleistocene Sahul (Australia-New Guinea). We extracted DNA from the petrous bone of a young female hunter-gatherer buried 7.3-7.2 kyr cal BP at the limestone cave of Leang Panninge2 in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genetic analyses show that this pre-Neolithic forager, who is associated with the 'Toalean' technocomplex3,4, shares most genetic drift and morphological similarities with present-day Papuan and Indigenous Australian groups, yet represents a previously unknown divergent human lineage that branched off around the time of the split between these populations approximately 37,000 years ago5. We also describe Denisovan and deep Asian-related ancestries in the Leang Panninge genome, and infer their large-scale displacement from the region today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Carlhoff
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Akin Duli
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XDepartemen Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Kathrin Nägele
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Muhammad Nur
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XDepartemen Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Laurits Skov
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Iwan Sumantri
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XDepartemen Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Adhi Agus Oktaviana
- grid.512005.30000 0001 2178 7840Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional (ARKENAS), Jakarta, Indonesia ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Place, Evolution and Rock Art Heritage Unit, Griffith Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland Australia
| | - Budianto Hakim
- grid.511616.4Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Basran Burhan
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | | | - David P. McGahan
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - David Bulbeck
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture, History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Yinika L. Perston
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Kim Newman
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | | | - Marlon Ririmasse
- grid.512005.30000 0001 2178 7840Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional (ARKENAS), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stephen Chia
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Centre for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hasanuddin
- grid.511616.4Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Dwia Aries Tina Pulubuhu
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XDepartemen Sosiologi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Suryatman
- grid.511616.4Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Selatan, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Supriadi
- grid.412001.60000 0000 8544 230XDepartemen Arkeologi, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Choongwon Jeong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin M. Peter
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kay Prüfer
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adam Powell
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Krause
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Institute for Archaeological Sciences, Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam Brumm
- grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
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14
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Abstract
Evolutionary processes, including mutation, migration and natural selection, have influenced the prevalence and distribution of various disorders in humans. However, despite a few well-known examples, such as the APOL1 variants - which have undergone positive genetic selection for their ability to confer resistance to Trypanosoma brucei infection but confer a higher risk of chronic kidney disease - little is known about the effects of evolutionary processes that have shaped genetic variation on kidney disease. An understanding of basic concepts in evolutionary genetics provides an opportunity to consider how findings from ancient and archaic genomes could inform our knowledge of evolution and provide insights into how population migration and genetic admixture have shaped the current distribution and landscape of human kidney-associated diseases. Differences in exposures to infectious agents, environmental toxins, dietary components and climate also have the potential to influence the evolutionary genetics of kidneys. Of note, selective pressure on loci associated with kidney disease is often from non-kidney diseases, and thus it is important to understand how the link between genome-wide selected loci and kidney disease occurs in relation to secondary nephropathies.
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