1
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Neveu R, Neveu A. Reputation shortcoming in academic publishing. PLoS One 2025; 20:e0322012. [PMID: 40299802 PMCID: PMC12040217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0322012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2025] [Indexed: 05/01/2025] Open
Abstract
Editors of scientific journals make central decisions in the publication process. Information peripheral to the content of a manuscript such as the editor's professional circle and authors' publishing record may influence these decisions. This constitutes reputation whose role in the publication process remains poorly investigated. Analyzing three decades of publications of 33 Nature journals in physical and life sciences, we show that reputation is tied with publications at the level of editors. The establishment of a non-financial conflict of interest policy and the journals' impact factor were associated with changes in the number of publications of editors' former co-authors and authors with a publishing record in Nature journals. We suggest changes at the author and journal levels to mitigate the role of reputation in the publication process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Neveu
- affiliated to Groupe d’Analyse et de Théorie Economique (GATE LSE), Ecully, France
| | - André Neveu
- CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Montpellier, France
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2
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Ibrahim H, Liu F, Zaki Y, Rahwan T. Citation manipulation through citation mills and pre-print servers. Sci Rep 2025; 15:5480. [PMID: 39953094 PMCID: PMC11828878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025] Open
Abstract
Citations are widely considered in scientists' evaluation. As such, scientists may be incentivized to inflate their citation counts. While previous literature has examined self-citations and citation cartels, it remains unclear whether scientists can purchase citations. Here, we compile a dataset of ~1.6 million profiles on Google Scholar to examine instances of citation fraud on the platform. We survey faculty at highly-ranked universities, and confirm that Google Scholar is widely used when evaluating scientists. We then engage with a citation-boosting service, and manage to purchase 50 citations while assuming the identity of a fictional author. Taken as a whole, our findings bring to light new forms of citation manipulation, and emphasize the need to look beyond citation counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem Ibrahim
- Department of Computer Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
| | - Fengyuan Liu
- Department of Computer Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, 10012, USA
| | - Yasir Zaki
- Department of Computer Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Talal Rahwan
- Department of Computer Science, New York University, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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3
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Poston JN, Andrews J, Arya S, Chou ST, Cohn C, Covington M, Crowe EP, Goel R, Gupta GK, Haspel RL, Hess A, Ipe TS, Jacobson J, Khan J, Murphy M, O'Brien K, Pagano MB, Panigrahi AK, Salazar E, Saifee NH, Stolla M, Zantek ND, Ziman A, Metcalf RA. Current advances in 2024: A critical review of selected topics by the Association for the Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies (AABB) Clinical Transfusion Medicine Committee. Transfusion 2024; 64:2019-2028. [PMID: 39087455 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline N Poston
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Jennifer Andrews
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Stella T Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claudia Cohn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mischa Covington
- Transfusion Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Crowe
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruchika Goel
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois, USA
| | - Gaurav K Gupta
- Transfusion Medicine and Cellular therapy, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard L Haspel
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aaron Hess
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tina S Ipe
- Center for Apheresis and Regenerative Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jessica Jacobson
- Department of Pathology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jenna Khan
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mike Murphy
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kerry O'Brien
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monica B Pagano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anil K Panigrahi
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eric Salazar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nabiha H Saifee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Moritz Stolla
- Bloodworks Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole D Zantek
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alyssa Ziman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ryan A Metcalf
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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4
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Bourgeois JP, Fortier K, Frank N. Gender Distribution of Course Material Authors in a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024:e20240022. [PMID: 39504165 DOI: 10.3138/jvme-2024-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
The gender distribution of authors in the health sciences literature has been well documented. We explored whether this distribution persists among library course reserves for a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program, as course reserves are veterinary faculty members' own teaching materials. Such a bibliometric analysis of course reserves provides a novel method of examining curricular materials. In the Fall of 2022, researchers collected the library's current course reserve metadata, including fields, such as author names and material types. Binary gender was determined based on a variety of sources: traditional naming conventions, gender presentation in photographs, pronouns in signatures, and biographies. Of the 167 exported authors, 162 were included for further analysis in SPSS. Course reserves' authors were analyzed by collaborators and media type. The dichotomous gender distribution of first authors was 76% male/ 24% female. Female first authors were more likely to have collaborators than male first authors (39% vs 26%). When collaborations did occur, first and second authors had the same gender at a significantly higher rate. Exploring author gender across material type, we found that generally, the first author gender ratio remained 3 males to every female. Contextualizing these results in the framework of contemporary health sciences literature, we found that the gender disparities in course reserves to be unsurprising, while still disappointing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Bourgeois
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01583 USA
| | - KiLee Fortier
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01583 USA
| | - Nicholas Frank
- Mississippi State University, PO Box 6100, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
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5
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Ezell JM. The Health Disparities Research Industrial Complex. Soc Sci Med 2024; 351:116251. [PMID: 37865583 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Research focused on health disparities-whether relating to one's race/ethnicity, gender expression, sexual orientation, citizenship status, income level, etc.-constitutes a large, generative, and highly profitable portion of scholarship in academic, clinical, and government settings. Health disparities research is expressed as a means of bringing greater attention to, and ultimately addressing via evidence-based implementation science, acts of devaluation and oppression that have continually contributed to these inequities. Philosophies underlying health disparities research's expansive and growing presence mirror the formal logic and ethos of the Military Industrial Complex and the Prison Industrial Complex. The "Health Disparities Research Industrial Complex," operationalized in this article, represents a novel mutation and extension of these complexes, primarily being enacted through these three mechanisms: 1) The construction and maintenance of beliefs, behaviors, and policies in healthcare, and society more broadly, that create and sustain disadvantages in minority health; 2) the creation and funding of research positions that inordinately provide non-minoritized people and those without relevant lived experiences the ability to study health disparities as "health equity tourists"; and 3) the production of health disparities research that, due to factors one and two, is incapable of fully addressing the disparities. In this piece, these and other core elements of the Health Disparities Research Industrial Complex, and the research bubble that it has produced, are discussed. Additionally, strategies for reducing the footprint and impact of the Health Disparities Research Industrial Complex and better facilitating opportunities for meaningful implementation in the field are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerel M Ezell
- Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Berkeley Center for Cultural Humility, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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6
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Schaechter JD, Jacobs JW, Booth GS, Dupont WD, Silver JK. Gender Representation on Editorial Boards of JAMA Network Journals. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:446-452. [PMID: 38330429 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Underrepresentation of women on editorial boards of biomedical journals has occurred for decades. The JAMA Network Journals have substantial and broad impact on advances in the biomedical sciences. We sought to determine the current status of gender representation on editorial boards of the 12 JAMA Network Journals. Methods: The gender of each editorial board member of the 12 JAMA Network Journals was classified based on review of online sources. The percentage of women on each board (i.e., number of women relative to total members) was calculated and compared to gender equity and parity benchmarks. The gender equity benchmark for each journal was defined as the percentage of women physicians in the medical specialty reflecting the journal's content based on Association of American Medical Colleges data. The gender parity benchmark for all journals was defined as 50% women. Results: There was considerable variation in the representation of women on the editorial boards of the JAMA Network Journals relative to gender equity and parity benchmarks. Women were underrepresented on 50% (6 of 12) of boards relative to gender equity and 67% (8 of 12) of boards relative to gender parity. Conclusions: Women were found to be underrepresented on 50% or more of the editorial boards of the JAMA Network Journals. This finding reflects gender inequities in academic publishing and the broader biomedical enterprise, which limits advances in the biomedical sciences and health care. Those JAMA Network Journals that continue to underrepresent women on their editorial boards are urged to remediate this longstanding issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith D Schaechter
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeremy W Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology and Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - William D Dupont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
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Smith OM, Davis KL, Waterman R, Pizza RB, Mack C, Conway EE, Dobson KC, Foster B, Hristova AE, Jarvey JC, Nourn N, Davis CL. Journals must expand access to peer review data. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:311-314. [PMID: 38472078 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Empirical studies on peer review bias are primarily conducted by people from privileged groups and with affiliations with the journals studied. Data access is one major barrier to conducting peer review research. Accordingly, we propose pathways to broaden access to peer review data to people from more diverse backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Smith
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Kayla L Davis
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robin Waterman
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Riley B Pizza
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Caitlin Mack
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Emily E Conway
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kara C Dobson
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Brianna Foster
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ani E Hristova
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Julie C Jarvey
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nan Nourn
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Courtney L Davis
- Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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8
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Haeffel GJ, Lin Z, Adetula A, Vargas I, Doom JR, Moriguchi Y, Bridges AJ, Cobb WR. Psychology needs more diversity at the level of Editor-in-Chief. COMMUNICATIONS PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 2:12. [PMID: 39242799 PMCID: PMC11332137 DOI: 10.1038/s44271-024-00058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
There are racial, gender, and geographical disparities for editors-in-chief in psychology. This is a problem, and many counter arguments are not persuasive. It is time for the field – and in the power of individuals - to implement suitable measures to make change happen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Adeyemi Adetula
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
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9
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Jacobs JW, Fleming T, Verduzco-Gutierrez M, Spector ND, Booth GS, Armijo PR, Silver JK. Gender Representation of Editors at Journals Affiliated with Major U.S. Medical Societies. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:1308-1319. [PMID: 37851989 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the gender composition of upper-level specialty-specific editor positions among United States (U.S.) medical society-affiliated journals and to evaluate the equitable inclusion of women and women physicians. Materials and Methods: The gender composition of upper-level (e.g., editor-in-chief, deputy) specialty-specific editor positions among 39 U.S. medical society-affiliated journals as of January 5, 2023, was analyzed. Editor positions below the level of associate editor were excluded. Parity (50:50 representation) and equity (compared with the proportion of practicing physicians in each medical specialty) benchmarks were utilized to determine if women are underrepresented in editor positions. Results: A total of 862 editor positions among 39 journals were assessed. Women held 32.9% (284/862) of positions (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29.9%-36.2%), significantly less than expected based on the U.S. population (p < 0.001). Physicians comprised 90.8% (783/862) of positions, of whom 30.4% (238/783) were women physicians (95% CI: 27.3%-33.7%), significantly less than expected (p < 0.001). Thirty-three (84.6%, 95% CI: 70.3%-92.8%) journals were below parity for women overall, whereas 34 (87.2%, 95% CI: 73.3%-94.4%) were below parity for women physicians. Fourteen (35.9%, 95% CI: 22.7%-51.6%) journals were below equity for women physicians. Notably, 13 (33.3%, 95% CI: 20.6%-49.0%) journals were below both parity and equity for women overall and women physicians. Conclusions: This study reveals mixed results in the equitable inclusion of women in editor positions of journals affiliated with U.S. medical societies. Despite the equitable inclusion of women in editorial roles being a remediable issue, approximately one third of journals affiliated with major U.S. medical societies remain inequitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Talya Fleming
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, JFK Johnson Rehabilitation Institute at Hackensack Meridian Health, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Edison, New Jersey, USA
| | - Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Nancy D Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, Executive Leadership in Academic Medicine® (ELAM), Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garrett S Booth
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Priscila Rodrigues Armijo
- Academic Affairs, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Julie K Silver
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Woolston C. The scientific workplace in 2023. Nature 2023; 624:689-691. [PMID: 38110497 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-04030-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
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11
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Joshi SS, Kadavath S, Mandoli GE, Gimelli A, Gulati M, Thamman R, Lundberg G, Mehran R, Mulvagh SL, Sade LE, Shivalkar B, Shaw LJ, Hristova K, Dweck MR, Almeida AG, Grapsa J. Women in cardiovascular imaging: a call for action to address ongoing challenges. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 24:1444-1449. [PMID: 37409644 PMCID: PMC10610741 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jead158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The EACVI Scientific Initiatives Committee and the EACVI women's taskforce conducted a global survey to evaluate the barriers faced by women in cardiovascular imaging (WICVi). METHODS AND RESULTS In a prospective international survey, we assessed the barriers faced at work by WICVi. Three hundred fourteen participants from 53 countries responded. The majority were married (77%) and had children (68%), but most reported no flexibility in their work schedule during their pregnancy or after their maternity leave. More than half of the women reported experiencing unconscious bias (68%), verbal harassment (59%), conscious bias (51%), anxiety (70%), lack of motivation (60%), imposter syndrome (54%), and burnout (61%) at work. Furthermore, one in five respondents had experienced sexual harassment, although this was rarely reported formally. The majority reported availability of mentorship (73%), which was mostly rated as 'good' or 'very good'. While more than two-thirds of respondents (69%) now reported being well trained and qualified to take on leadership roles in their departments, only one-third had been afforded that opportunity. Despite the issues highlighted by this survey, >80% of the participating WICVi would still choose cardiovascular imaging if they could restart their career. CONCLUSION The survey has highlighted important issues faced by WICVi. While progress has been made in areas such as mentorship and training, other issues including bullying, bias, and sexual harassment are still widely prevalent requiring urgent action by the global cardiovascular imaging community to collectively address and resolve these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti S Joshi
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sabeeda Kadavath
- Department of Cardiology, St Bernards Heart and Vascular, Jonesboro, USA
| | | | - Alessia Gimelli
- Department of Imaging, Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Martha Gulati
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ritu Thamman
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Gina Lundberg
- Department of Cardiology, Emory Women’s Heart Center, Atlanta, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Sharon L Mulvagh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Leyla Elif Sade
- Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Bharati Shivalkar
- Department of Cardiology, Delta Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Pfizer, Luxembourg, Belgium
| | - Leslee J Shaw
- Department of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Krasimira Hristova
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Disease, SofiaBulgaria
| | - Marc R Dweck
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s building, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Ana G Almeida
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Santa Maria, Faculty of Medicine of Lisbon University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Julia Grapsa
- Department of Cardiology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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12
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Renzaho AMN. Gender Bias Research Needs to Apply an Equity Lens and Consider Intersectionality. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2023:15291006231198775. [PMID: 37856827 DOI: 10.1177/15291006231198775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andre M N Renzaho
- Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney University
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13
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Cleophas MDASG, Marques MS, Barbosa MC. Self-perceived competences by future chemistry teachers in Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20221057. [PMID: 37493697 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320221057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work we have compared the self-perceived competences of future chemistry teachers who are pursuing teacher training courses in all the regions of Brazil taking the following factors into account: sex, age and Brazilian region origin. A quantitative exploration was adopted and the data were collected using the Self-Perceived Competences of Teachers in Initial Chemistry Training (SPCTICT) instrument, composed of 21 items. An exploratory factor analysis enabled grouping the items into three factors: (a) self-perception of technical competences (knowledge), (b) Self-perception of competences linked to specific aspects (know-how) and, finally, (c) self-perception of generic competences (knowing how to act or how to behave). The results demonstrate statistically significant differences among men and women on the self-perception of their own competences regarding knowledge construction in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria DAS Graças Cleophas
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Instituto Latino Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Av. Silvio Américo Sasdelli, 1842-Vila A, 85866-000 Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Murilo S Marques
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Centro das Ciências Exatas e das Tecnologias, Rua da Prainha, 1326, Morada Nobre, 47810-059 Barreiras, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcia Cristina Barbosa
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Agronomia, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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14
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Glymour MM, Charpignon ML, Chen YH, Kiang MV. Counterpoint: Preprints and the Future of Scientific Publishing-In Favor of Relevance. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1043-1046. [PMID: 36958814 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Peer-reviewed journals provide an invaluable but inadequate vehicle for scientific communication. Preprints are now an essential complement to peer-reviewed publications. Eschewing preprints will slow scientific progress and reduce the public health impact of epidemiologic research. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlighted long-standing limitations of the peer-review process. Preprint servers, such as bioRxiv and medRxiv, served as crucial venues to rapidly disseminate research and provide detailed backup to sound-bite science that is often communicated through the popular press or social media. The major criticisms of preprints arise from an unjustified optimism about peer review. Peer review provides highly imperfect sorting and curation of research and only modest improvements in research conduct or presentation for most individual papers. The advantages of peer review come at the expense of months to years of delay in sharing research methods or results. For time-sensitive evidence, these delays can lead to important missteps and ill-advised policies. Even with research that is not intrinsically urgent, preprints expedite debate, expand engagement, and accelerate progress. The risk that poor-quality papers will have undue influence because they are posted on a preprint server is low. If epidemiology aims to deliver evidence relevant for public health, we need to embrace strategic uses of preprint servers.
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Kahn SE, Anderson CA, Atkinson MA, Bakris GL, Buse JB, Hu FB, Rich SS, Riddle MC, Selvin E. Reducing Bias in Academic Publishing: The Diabetes Care Approach. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:665-666. [PMID: 36952610 PMCID: PMC10985280 DOI: 10.2337/dci23-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven E. Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Cheryl A.M. Anderson
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | | | - John B. Buse
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Matthew C. Riddle
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Gazzonis AL, Cavallero S, Gabrielli S. Editorial: Women in parasitology: 2021. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1153126. [PMID: 37056225 PMCID: PMC10086321 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1153126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Libera Gazzonis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessia Libera Gazzonis
| | - Serena Cavallero
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Gabrielli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Owens B. Largest-ever study of journal editors highlights 'self-publication' and gender gap. Nature 2023:10.1038/d41586-023-00129-7. [PMID: 36658359 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Cássia-Silva C, Silva Rocha B, Fernanda Liévano-Latorre L, Sobreiro MB, Diele-Viegas LM. Overcoming the gender bias in ecology and evolution: is the double-anonymized peer review an effective pathway over time? PeerJ 2023; 11:e15186. [PMID: 37065686 PMCID: PMC10100800 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Male researchers dominate scientific production in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). However, potential mechanisms to avoid this gender imbalance remain poorly explored in STEM, including ecology and evolution areas. In the last decades, changes in the peer-review process towards double-anonymized (DA) have increased among ecology and evolution (EcoEvo) journals. Using comprehensive data on articles from 18 selected EcoEvo journals with an impact factor >1, we tested the effect of the DA peer-review process in female-leading (i.e., first and senior authors) articles. We tested whether the representation of female-leading authors differs between double and single-anonymized (SA) peer-reviewed journals. Also, we tested if the adoption of the DA by previous SA journals has increased the representativeness of female-leading authors over time. We found that publications led by female authors did not differ between DA and SA journals. Moreover, female-leading articles did not increase after changes from SA to DA peer-review. Tackling female underrepresentation in science is a complex task requiring many interventions. Still, our results highlight that adopting the DA peer-review system alone could be insufficient in fostering gender equality in EcoEvo scientific publications. Ecologists and evolutionists understand how diversity is important to ecosystems' resilience in facing environmental changes. The question remaining is: why is it so difficult to promote and keep this "diversity" in addition to equity and inclusion in the academic environment? We thus argue that all scientists, mentors, and research centers must be engaged in promoting solutions to gender bias by fostering diversity, inclusion, and affirmative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele Cássia-Silva
- Department of Plant Biology/Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Kunhã Asé Network of Women in Science, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Barbbara Silva Rocha
- Kunhã Asé Network of Women in Science, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Luisa Fernanda Liévano-Latorre
- Kunhã Asé Network of Women in Science, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- International Institute for Sustainability, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariane Brom Sobreiro
- Kunhã Asé Network of Women in Science, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Luisa Maria Diele-Viegas
- Kunhã Asé Network of Women in Science, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Laboratory of (Bio)Diversity in the Anthropocene/Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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