1
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Backofen R, Altawil AYA, Salvalaglio M, Voigt A. Nonequilibrium hyperuniform states in active turbulence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320719121. [PMID: 38848299 PMCID: PMC11181138 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320719121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate that the complex spatiotemporal structure in active fluids can feature characteristics of hyperuniformity. Using a hydrodynamic model, we show that the transition from hyperuniformity to nonhyperuniformity and antihyperuniformity depends on the strength of active forcing and can be related to features of active turbulence without and with scaling characteristics of inertial turbulence. Combined with identified signatures of Levy walks and nonuniversal diffusion in these systems, this allows for a biological interpretation and the speculation of nonequilibrium hyperuniform states in active fluids as optimal states with respect to robustness and strategies of evasion and foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Backofen
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
| | - Abdelrahman Y. A. Altawil
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
| | - Marco Salvalaglio
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
- Dresden Centre for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
| | - Axel Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, Faculty of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden01062
- Dresden Centre for Computational Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
- Center of Systems Biology Dresden, 01307Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307Dresden, Germany
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2
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Vodeb J, Diego M, Vaskivskyi Y, Logaric L, Gerasimenko Y, Kabanov V, Lipovsek B, Topic M, Mihailovic D. Non-equilibrium quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in a two-dimensional electronic crystal and a quantum annealer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4836. [PMID: 38844460 PMCID: PMC11156939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Relaxation dynamics of complex many-body quantum systems trapped into metastable states is a very active field of research from both the theoretical and experimental point of view with implications in a wide array of topics from macroscopic quantum tunnelling and nucleosynthesis to non-equilibrium superconductivity and energy-efficient memory devices. In this work, we investigate quantum domain reconfiguration dynamics in the electronic superlattice of a quantum material using time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy and unveil a crossover from temperature to noisy quantum fluctuation dominated dynamics. The process is modeled using a programmable superconducting quantum annealer in which qubit interconnections correspond directly to the microscopic interactions between electrons in the quantum material. Crucially, the dynamics of both the experiment and quantum simulation is driven by spectrally similar pink noise. We find that the simulations reproduce the emergent time evolution and temperature dependence of the experimentally observed electronic domain dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Vodeb
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
| | - Michele Diego
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yevhenii Vaskivskyi
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Leonard Logaric
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Viktor Kabanov
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Lipovsek
- Faculty for Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Topic
- Faculty for Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan Mihailovic
- Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- CENN Nanocenter, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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3
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Yang H, Lee B, Bang J, Kim S, Wulferding D, Lee SH, Cho D. Origin of Distinct Insulating Domains in the Layered Charge Density Wave Material 1T-TaS 2. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2401348. [PMID: 38728592 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Vertical charge order shapes the electronic properties in layered charge density wave (CDW) materials. Various stacking orders inevitably create nanoscale domains with distinct electronic structures inaccessible to bulk probes. Here, the stacking characteristics of bulk 1T-TaS2 are analyzed using scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It is observed that Mott-insulating domains undergo a transition to band-insulating domains restoring vertical dimerization of the CDWs. Furthermore, STS measurements covering a wide terrace reveal two distinct band insulating domains differentiated by band edge broadening. These DFT calculations reveal that the Mott insulating layers preferably reside on the subsurface, forming broader band edges in the neighboring band insulating layers. Ultimately, buried Mott insulating layers believed to harbor the quantum spin liquid phase are identified. These results resolve persistent issues regarding vertical charge order in 1T-TaS2, providing a new perspective for investigating emergent quantum phenomena in layered CDW materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungryul Yang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongin Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Bang
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Kim
- Department of Physics, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk Wulferding
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Doohee Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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4
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Zhuang H, Chen D, Liu L, Keeney D, Zhang G, Jiao Y. Vibrational properties of disordered stealthy hyperuniform 1D atomic chains. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:285703. [PMID: 38579735 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad3b5c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Disorder hyperuniformity is a recently discovered exotic state of many-body systems that possess a hidden order in between that of a perfect crystal and a completely disordered system. Recently, this novel disordered state has been observed in a number of quantum materials including amorphous 2D graphene and silica, which are endowed with unexpected electronic transport properties. Here, we numerically investigate 1D atomic chain models, including perfect crystalline, disordered stealthy hyperuniform (SHU) as well as randomly perturbed atom packing configurations to obtain a quantitative understanding of how the unique SHU disorder affects the vibrational properties of these low-dimensional materials. We find that the disordered SHU chains possess lower cohesive energies compared to the randomly perturbed chains, implying their potential reliability in experiments. Our inverse partition ratio (IPR) calculations indicate that the SHU chains can support fully delocalized states just like perfect crystalline chains over a wide range of frequencies, i.e.ω∈(0,100)cm-1, suggesting superior phonon transport behaviors within these frequencies, which was traditionally considered impossible in disordered systems. Interestingly, we observe the emergence of a group of highly localized states associated withω∼200cm-1, which is characterized by a significant peak in the IPR and a peak in phonon density of states at the corresponding frequency, and is potentially useful for decoupling electron and phonon degrees of freedom. These unique properties of disordered SHU chains have implications in the design and engineering of novel quantum materials for thermal and phononic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houlong Zhuang
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Duyu Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, United States of America
| | - Lei Liu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - David Keeney
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States of America
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5
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Ravnik J, Vaskivskyi Y, Vodeb J, Diego M, Venturini R, Gerasimenko Y, Kabanov V, Kranjec A, Mihailovic D. Chiral domain dynamics and transient interferences of mirrored superlattices in nonequilibrium electronic crystals. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19622. [PMID: 37949956 PMCID: PMC10638312 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirror symmetry plays a major role in determining the properties of matter and is of particular interest in condensed many-body systems undergoing symmetry breaking transitions under non-equilibrium conditions. Typically, in the aftermath of such transitions, one of the two possible broken symmetry states is emergent. However, synthetic systems and those formed under non-equilibrium conditions may exhibit metastable states comprising of both left (L) and right (R) handed symmetry. Here we explore the formation of chiral charge-density wave (CDW) domains after a laser quench in 1T-TaS2 with scanning tunneling microscopy. Typically, we observed transient domains of both chiralities, separated spatially from each other by domain walls with different structure. In addition, we observe transient density of states modulations consistent with interference of L and R-handed charge density waves within the surface monolayer. Theoretical modeling of the intertwined domain structures using a classical charged lattice gas model reproduces the experimental domain wall structures. The superposition (S) state cannot be understood classically within the correlated electron model but is found to be consistent with interferences of L and R-handed charge-density waves within domains, confined by surrounding domain walls, vividly revealing an interference of Fermi electrons with opposite chirality, which is not a result of inter-layer interference, but due to the interaction between electrons within a single layer, confined by domain wall boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ravnik
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ye Vaskivskyi
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Vodeb
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Diego
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - R Venturini
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ya Gerasimenko
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - V Kabanov
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - A Kranjec
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - D Mihailovic
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Jamova 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty for Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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6
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Shi W, Keeney D, Chen D, Jiao Y, Torquato S. Computational design of anisotropic stealthy hyperuniform composites with engineered directional scattering properties. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:045306. [PMID: 37978628 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.045306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Disordered hyperuniform materials are an emerging class of exotic amorphous states of matter that endow them with singular physical properties, including large isotropic photonic band gaps, superior resistance to fracture, and nearly optimal electrical and thermal transport properties, to name but a few. Here we generalize the Fourier-space-based numerical construction procedure for designing and generating digital realizations of isotropic disordered hyperuniform two-phase heterogeneous materials (i.e., composites) developed by Chen and Torquato [Acta Mater. 142, 152 (2018)1359-645410.1016/j.actamat.2017.09.053] to anisotropic microstructures with targeted spectral densities. Our generalized construction procedure explicitly incorporates the vector-dependent spectral density function χ[over ̃]_{_{V}}(k) of arbitrary form that is realizable. We demonstrate the utility of the procedure by generating a wide spectrum of anisotropic stealthy hyperuniform microstructures with χ[over ̃]_{_{V}}(k)=0 for k∈Ω, i.e., complete suppression of scattering in an "exclusion" region Ω around the origin in Fourier space. We show how different exclusion-region shapes with various discrete symmetries, including circular-disk, elliptical-disk, square, rectangular, butterfly-shaped, and lemniscate-shaped regions of varying size, affect the resulting statistically anisotropic microstructures as a function of the phase volume fraction. The latter two cases of Ω lead to directionally hyperuniform composites, which are stealthy hyperuniform only along certain directions and are nonhyperuniform along others. We find that while the circular-disk exclusion regions give rise to isotropic hyperuniform composite microstructures, the directional hyperuniform behaviors imposed by the shape asymmetry (or anisotropy) of certain exclusion regions give rise to distinct anisotropic structures and degree of uniformity in the distribution of the phases on intermediate and large length scales along different directions. Moreover, while the anisotropic exclusion regions impose strong constraints on the global symmetry of the resulting media, they can still possess structures at a local level that are nearly isotropic. Both the isotropic and anisotropic hyperuniform microstructures associated with the elliptical-disk, square, and rectangular Ω possess phase-inversion symmetry over certain range of volume fractions and a percolation threshold ϕ_{c}≈0.5. On the other hand, the directionally hyperuniform microstructures associated with the butterfly-shaped and lemniscate-shaped Ω do not possess phase-inversion symmetry and percolate along certain directions at much lower volume fractions. We also apply our general procedure to construct stealthy nonhyperuniform systems. Our construction algorithm enables one to control the statistical anisotropy of composite microstructures via the shape, size, and symmetries of Ω, which is crucial to engineering directional optical, transport, and mechanical properties of two-phase composite media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - David Keeney
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Duyu Chen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Yang Jiao
- Materials Science and Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Salvatore Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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7
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Li W, Gao Q, Wang Y, Cheng P, Zhang YQ, Feng B, Hu Z, Wu K, Chen L. Moiré-Pattern Modulated Electronic Structures of GaSe/HOPG Heterostructure. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2302192. [PMID: 37127860 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) typically occurs at the interface of semiconductor heterostructures and noble metal surfaces, but it is scarcely observed in individual 2D semiconductors. In this study, few-layer gallium selenide (GaSe) grown on highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) is demonstrated using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), revealing that the coexistence of quantum well states (QWS) and 2DEG. The QWS are located in the valence bands and exhibit a peak feature, with the number of quantum wells being equal to the number of atomic layers. Meanwhile, the 2DEG is located in the conduction bands and exhibits a standing-wave feature. Additionally, monolayer GaSe/HOPG heterostructures with different stacking angles (0°, 33°, 8°) form distinct moiré patterns that arise from lattice mismatch and angular rotation between adjacent atomic layers in 2D materials, which effectively modulate the electron effective mass, charge redistribution, and band gap of GaSe. Overall, this work reveals a paradigm of band engineering based on layer numbers and moiré patterns that can modulate the electronic properties of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenpeng Hu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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8
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Liu H, Wang A, Zhang P, Ma C, Chen C, Liu Z, Zhang YQ, Feng B, Cheng P, Zhao J, Chen L, Wu K. Atomic-scale manipulation of single-polaron in a two-dimensional semiconductor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3690. [PMID: 37344475 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polaron is a composite quasiparticle derived from an excess carrier trapped by local lattice distortion, and it has been studied extensively for decades both theoretically and experimentally. However, atomic-scale creation and manipulation of single-polarons in real space have still not been achieved so far, which precludes the atomistic understanding of the properties of polarons as well as their applications. Herein, using scanning tunneling microscopy, we succeeded to create single polarons in a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor, CoCl2. Combined with first-principles calculations, two stable polaron configurations, centered at atop and hollow sites, respectively, have been revealed. Remarkably, a series of manipulation progresses - from creation, erasure, to transition - can be accurately implemented on individual polarons. Our results pave the way to understand the physics of polaron at atomic level, and the easy control of single polarons in 2D semiconductor may open the door to 2D polaronics including the data storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Aolei Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Zijia Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Qi Zhang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- ICQD/Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15260, PA, USA.
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, 230088, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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9
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Taheri M, Brown J, Rehman A, Sesing N, Kargar F, Salguero TT, Rumyantsev S, Balandin AA. Electrical Gating of the Charge-Density-Wave Phases in Two-Dimensional h-BN/1T-TaS 2 Devices. ACS NANO 2022; 16:18968-18977. [PMID: 36315105 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the electrical gating of the charge-density-wave phases and current in h-BN-capped three-terminal 1T-TaS2 heterostructure devices. It is demonstrated that the application of a gate bias can shift the source-drain current-voltage hysteresis associated with the transition between the nearly commensurate and incommensurate charge-density-wave phases. The evolution of the hysteresis and the presence of abrupt spikes in the current while sweeping the gate voltage suggest that the effect is electrical rather than self-heating. We attribute the gating to an electric-field effect on the commensurate charge-density-wave domains in the atomic planes near the gate dielectric. The transition between the nearly commensurate and incommensurate charge-density-wave phases can be induced by both the source-drain current and the electrostatic gate. Since the charge-density-wave phases are persistent in 1T-TaS2 at room temperature, one can envision memory applications of such devices when scaled down to the dimensions of individual commensurate domains and few-atomic plane thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Taheri
- Nano-Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jonas Brown
- Nano-Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Adil Rehman
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-142, Poland
| | - Nicholas Sesing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Fariborz Kargar
- Nano-Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials Center, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Tina T Salguero
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Sergey Rumyantsev
- CENTERA Laboratories, Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-142, Poland
| | - Alexander A Balandin
- Nano-Device Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Phonon Optimized Engineered Materials Center, Materials Science and Engineering Program, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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10
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Gao FY, Zhang Z, Sun Z, Ye L, Cheng YH, Liu ZJ, Checkelsky JG, Baldini E, Nelson KA. Snapshots of a light-induced metastable hidden phase driven by the collapse of charge order. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9076. [PMID: 35867789 PMCID: PMC9307249 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonequilibrium hidden states provide a unique window into thermally inaccessible regimes of strong coupling between microscopic degrees of freedom in quantum materials. Understanding the origin of these states allows the exploration of far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics and the development of optoelectronic devices with on-demand photoresponses. However, mapping the ultrafast formation of a long-lived hidden phase remains a longstanding challenge since the initial state is not recovered rapidly. Here, using state-of-the-art single-shot spectroscopy techniques, we present a direct ultrafast visualization of the photoinduced phase transition to both transient and long-lived hidden states in an electronic crystal, 1T-TaS2, and demonstrate a commonality in their microscopic pathways, driven by the collapse of charge order. We present a theory of fluctuation-dominated process that helps explain the nature of the metastable state. Our results shed light on the origin of this elusive state and pave the way for the discovery of other exotic phases of matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y. Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Linda Ye
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph G. Checkelsky
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Keith A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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11
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Lacinska EM, Furman M, Binder J, Lutsyk I, Kowalczyk PJ, Stepniewski R, Wysmolek A. Raman Optical Activity of 1T-TaS 2. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2835-2842. [PMID: 35369696 PMCID: PMC9011401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of optical activity can be readily performed in transparent matter by means of a rotation of transmitted light polarization. In the case of opaque bulk materials, such measurements cannot be performed, making it difficult to assess possible chiral properties. In this work, we present full angular polarization dependencies of the Raman modes of bulk 1T-TaS2, which has recently been suggested to have chiral properties after pulsed laser excitation. We found that a mechanical rotation of the sample does not alter polarization-resolved Raman spectra, which can only be explained by introducing an antisymmetric Raman tensor, frequently used to describe Raman optical activity (ROA). Raman spectra obtained under circularly polarized excitation demonstrate that 1T-TaS2 indeed shows ROA, providing strong evidence that 1T-TaS2 is chiral under the used conditions of laser excitation. Our results suggest that ROA may be used as a universal tool to study chiral properties of quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa M. Lacinska
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Furman
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Johannes Binder
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iaroslav Lutsyk
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Informatics, University
of Lodz, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel J. Kowalczyk
- Faculty
of Physics and Applied Informatics, University
of Lodz, Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Roman Stepniewski
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wysmolek
- Faculty
of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Lv BQ, Zong A, Wu D, Rozhkov AV, Fine BV, Chen SD, Hashimoto M, Lu DH, Li M, Huang YB, Ruff JPC, Walko DA, Chen ZH, Hwang I, Su Y, Shen X, Wang X, Han F, Po HC, Wang Y, Jarillo-Herrero P, Wang X, Zhou H, Sun CJ, Wen H, Shen ZX, Wang NL, Gedik N. Unconventional Hysteretic Transition in a Charge Density Wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:036401. [PMID: 35119886 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hysteresis underlies a large number of phase transitions in solids, giving rise to exotic metastable states that are otherwise inaccessible. Here, we report an unconventional hysteretic transition in a quasi-2D material, EuTe_{4}. By combining transport, photoemission, diffraction, and x-ray absorption measurements, we observe that the hysteresis loop has a temperature width of more than 400 K, setting a record among crystalline solids. The transition has an origin distinct from known mechanisms, lying entirely within the incommensurate charge density wave (CDW) phase of EuTe_{4} with no change in the CDW modulation periodicity. We interpret the hysteresis as an unusual switching of the relative CDW phases in different layers, a phenomenon unique to quasi-2D compounds that is not present in either purely 2D or strongly coupled 3D systems. Our findings challenge the established theories on metastable states in density wave systems, pushing the boundary of understanding hysteretic transitions in a broken-symmetry state.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Q Lv
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alfred Zong
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - D Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - A V Rozhkov
- Institute for Theoretical and Applied Electrodynamics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, Russia
| | - Boris V Fine
- Laboratory for the Physics of Complex Quantum Systems, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig, Brüderstrasse 16, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Su-Di Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Dong-Hui Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Y-B Huang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | | | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Z H Chen
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Inhui Hwang
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yifan Su
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Xirui Wang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Hoi Chun Po
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, USA
| | - Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Zhi-Xun Shen
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - N L Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100913, China
| | - Nuh Gedik
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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13
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Chehadi Z, Bouabdellaoui M, Modaresialam M, Bottein T, Salvalaglio M, Bollani M, Grosso D, Abbarchi M. Scalable Disordered Hyperuniform Architectures via Nanoimprint Lithography of Metal Oxides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:37761-37774. [PMID: 34320811 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication and scaling of disordered hyperuniform materials remain hampered by the difficulties in controlling the spontaneous phenomena leading to this novel kind of exotic arrangement of objects. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid top-down/bottom-up approach based on sol-gel dip-coating and nanoimprint lithography for the faithful reproduction of disordered hyperuniform metasurfaces in metal oxides. Nano- to microstructures made of silica and titania can be directly printed over several cm2 on glass and on silicon substrates. First, we describe the polymer mold fabrication starting from a hard master obtained via spontaneous solid-state dewetting of SiGe and Ge thin layers on SiO2. Then, we assess the effective disordered hyperuniform character of master and replica and the role of the thickness of the sol-gel layer on the metal oxide replicas and on the presence of a residual layer underneath. Finally, as a potential application, we show the antireflective character of titania structures on silicon. Our results are relevant for the realistic implementation over large scales of disordered hyperuniform nano- and microarchitectures made of metal oxides, thus opening their exploitation in the framework of wet chemical assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Chehadi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Thomas Bottein
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Marco Salvalaglio
- Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Monica Bollani
- Laboratory for Nanostructure Epitaxy and Spintronics on Silicon, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - David Grosso
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
| | - Marco Abbarchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, Marseille, France
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14
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Micromask Lithography for Cheap and Fast 2D Materials Microstructures Fabrication. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080850. [PMID: 34442473 PMCID: PMC8397995 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The fast and precise fabrication of micro-devices based on single flakes of novel 2D materials and stacked heterostructures is vital for exploration of novel functionalities. In this paper, we demonstrate a fast high-resolution contact mask lithography through a simple upgrade of metallographic optical microscope. Suggested kit for the micromask lithography is compact and easily compatible with a glove box, thus being suitable for a wide range of air-unstable materials. The shadow masks could be either ordered commercially or fabricated in a laboratory using a beam lithography. The processes of the mask alignment and the resist exposure take a few minutes and provide a micrometer resolution. With the total price of the kit components around USD 200, our approach would be convenient for laboratories with the limited access to commercial lithographic systems.
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15
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Ravnik J, Diego M, Gerasimenko Y, Vaskivskyi Y, Vaskivskyi I, Mertelj T, Vodeb J, Mihailovic D. A time-domain phase diagram of metastable states in a charge ordered quantum material. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2323. [PMID: 33875669 PMCID: PMC8055663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable self-organized electronic states in quantum materials are of fundamental importance, displaying emergent dynamical properties that may be used in new generations of sensors and memory devices. Such states are typically formed through phase transitions under non-equilibrium conditions and the final state is reached through processes that span a large range of timescales. Conventionally, phase diagrams of materials are thought of as static, without temporal evolution. However, many functional properties of materials arise as a result of complex temporal changes in the material occurring on different timescales. Hitherto, such properties were not considered within the context of a temporally-evolving phase diagram, even though, under non-equilibrium conditions, different phases typically evolve on different timescales. Here, by using time-resolved optical techniques and femtosecond-pulse-excited scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we track the evolution of the metastable states in a material that has been of wide recent interest, the quasi-two-dimensional dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2. We map out its temporal phase diagram using the photon density and temperature as control parameters on timescales ranging from 10−12 to 103 s. The introduction of a time-domain axis in the phase diagram enables us to follow the evolution of metastable emergent states created by different phase transition mechanisms on different timescales, thus enabling comparison with theoretical predictions of the phase diagram, and opening the way to understanding of the complex ordering processes in metastable materials. Tracking the evolution of non-equilibrium phases requires measurements over a wide range of timescales. Here, using a combination of femtosecond spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy, the authors map out a temporal phase diagram of metastable states in a charge-ordered material 1T-TaS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ravnik
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Laboratory for Micro and Nanotechnology, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Michele Diego
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Yaroslav Gerasimenko
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Igor Vaskivskyi
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaz Mertelj
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jaka Vodeb
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Dragan Mihailovic
- Complex Matter Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology-Nanocenter (CENN Nanocenter), Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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16
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Stone-Wales defects preserve hyperuniformity in amorphous two-dimensional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016862118. [PMID: 33431681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016862118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered hyperuniformity (DHU) is a recently discovered novel state of many-body systems that possesses vanishing normalized infinite-wavelength density fluctuations similar to a perfect crystal and an amorphous structure like a liquid or glass. Here, we discover a hyperuniformity-preserving topological transformation in two-dimensional (2D) network structures that involves continuous introduction of Stone-Wales (SW) defects. Specifically, the static structure factor [Formula: see text] of the resulting defected networks possesses the scaling [Formula: see text] for small wave number k, where [Formula: see text] monotonically decreases as the SW defect concentration p increases, reaches [Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text], and remains almost flat beyond this p. Our findings have important implications for amorphous 2D materials since the SW defects are well known to capture the salient feature of disorder in these materials. Verified by recently synthesized single-layer amorphous graphene, our network models reveal unique electronic transport mechanisms and mechanical behaviors associated with distinct classes of disorder in 2D materials.
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17
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Shen S, Shao B, Wen C, Yuan X, Gao J, Nie Z, Luo X, Huang B, Sun Y, Meng S, Yan S. Single-water-dipole-layer-driven Reversible Charge Order Transition in 1 T-TaS 2. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8854-8860. [PMID: 33170704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Water-solid interactions are crucial for many fundamental phenomena and technological processes. Here, we report a scanning tunneling microscopy study about the charge density wave (CDW) transition in 1T-TaS2 driven by a single water dipole layer. At low temperature, pristine 1T-TaS2 is a prototypical CDW compound with 13 × 13 charge order. After growing a highly ordered water adlayer, a new charge order with 3 × 3 periodicity emerges on water-covered 1T-TaS2. After water desorption, the entire 1T-TaS2 surface appears as localized 13 × 13 CDW domains that are separated by residual-water-cluster-pinned CDW domain walls. First-principles calculations show that the electric dipole moments in the water adlayer attract electrons to the top layer of 1T-TaS2, which shifts the phonon softening mode and induces the 13 × 13 to 3 × 3 charge order transition. Our results pave the way for creating new collective quantum states of matter with a molecular dipole layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bin Shao
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenhaoping Wen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhengwei Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Bing Huang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shichao Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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18
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Mao Y, Ma X, Wu D, Lin C, Shan H, Wu X, Zhao J, Zhao A, Wang B. Interfacial Polarons in van der Waals Heterojunction of Monolayer SnSe 2 on SrTiO 3 (001). NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8067-8073. [PMID: 33044080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial polarons have been demonstrated to play important roles in heterostructures containing polar substrates. However, most of polarons found so far are diffusive large polarons; the discovery and investigation of small polarons at interfaces are scarce. Herein, we report the emergence of interfacial polarons in monolayer SnSe2 epitaxially grown on Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) surface using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). ARPES spectra taken on this heterointerface reveal a nearly flat in-gap band correlated with a significant charge modulation in real space as observed with STM. An interfacial polaronic model is proposed to ascribe this in-gap band to the formation of self-trapped small polarons induced by charge accumulation and electron-phonon coupling at the van der Waals interface of SnSe2 and STO. Such a mechanism to form interfacial polaron is expected to generally exist in similar van der Waals heterojunctions consisting of layered 2D materials and polar substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Mao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ma
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Daoxiong Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conservation, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huan Shan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conservation, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, and Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- ICQD and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Aidi Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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19
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Salvalaglio M, Bouabdellaoui M, Bollani M, Benali A, Favre L, Claude JB, Wenger J, de Anna P, Intonti F, Voigt A, Abbarchi M. Hyperuniform Monocrystalline Structures by Spinodal Solid-State Dewetting. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:126101. [PMID: 33016725 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.126101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Materials featuring anomalous suppression of density fluctuations over large length scales are emerging systems known as disordered hyperuniform. The underlying hidden order renders them appealing for several applications, such as light management and topologically protected electronic states. These applications require scalable fabrication, which is hard to achieve with available top-down approaches. Theoretically, it is known that spinodal decomposition can lead to disordered hyperuniform architectures. Spontaneous formation of stable patterns could thus be a viable path for the bottom-up fabrication of these materials. Here, we show that monocrystalline semiconductor-based structures, in particular Si_{1-x}Ge_{x} layers deposited on silicon-on-insulator substrates, can undergo spinodal solid-state dewetting featuring correlated disorder with an effective hyperuniform character. Nano- to micrometric sized structures targeting specific morphologies and hyperuniform character can be obtained, proving the generality of the approach and paving the way for technological applications of disordered hyperuniform metamaterials. Phase-field simulations explain the underlying nonlinear dynamics and the physical origin of the emerging patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Salvalaglio
- Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Monica Bollani
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Laboratory for Nanostructure Epitaxy and Spintronics on Silicon, Via Anzani 42, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Abdennacer Benali
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Favre
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Benoit Claude
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Jerome Wenger
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Pietro de Anna
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Axel Voigt
- Institute of Scientific Computing, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Abbarchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP 13397, Marseille, France
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20
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Chremos A. Design of nearly perfect hyperuniform polymeric materials. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054902. [PMID: 32770903 PMCID: PMC7530914 DOI: 10.1063/5.0017861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Disordered hyperuniform materials are exotic amorphous systems that simultaneously exhibit anomalous suppression of long-range density fluctuations, comparable in amplitude to that of crystals and quasi-crystalline materials, while lacking the translational order characteristic of simple liquids. We establish a framework to quantitatively predict the emergence of hyperuniformity in polymeric materials by considering the distribution of localized polymer subregions, instead of considering the whole material. We demonstrate that this highly tunable approach results in arbitrarily small long-range density fluctuations in the liquid state. Our simulations also indicate that long-ranged density fluctuation of the whole polymeric material is remarkably insensitive to molecular topology (linear chain, unknotted ring, star, and bottlebrush) and depends on temperature in an apparently near universal fashion. Our findings open the way for the creation of nearly perfect hyperuniform polymeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Chremos
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Sciences, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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21
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Ma Z, Lomba E, Torquato S. Optimized Large Hyperuniform Binary Colloidal Suspensions in Two Dimensions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:068002. [PMID: 32845658 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.068002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The creation of disordered hyperuniform materials with extraordinary optical properties (e.g., large complete photonic band gaps) requires a capacity to synthesize large samples that are effectively hyperuniform down to the nanoscale. Motivated by this challenge, we propose a feasible equilibrium fabrication protocol using binary paramagnetic colloidal particles confined in a 2D plane. The strong and long-ranged dipolar interaction induced by a tunable magnetic field is free from screening effects that attenuate long-ranged electrostatic interactions in charged colloidal systems. Specifically, we numerically find a family of optimal size ratios that makes the two-phase system effectively hyperuniform. We show that hyperuniformity is a general consequence of low isothermal compressibilities, which makes our protocol suitable to treat more general systems with other long-ranged interactions, dimensionalities, and/or polydispersity. Our methodology paves the way to synthesize large photonic hyperuniform materials that function in the visible to infrared range and hence may accelerate the discovery of novel photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Enrique Lomba
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano, CSIC, Calle Serrano 119, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Salvatore Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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Zheng Y, Liu L, Nan H, Shen ZX, Zhang G, Chen D, He L, Xu W, Chen M, Jiao Y, Zhuang H. Disordered hyperuniformity in two-dimensional amorphous silica. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba0826. [PMID: 32494625 PMCID: PMC7164937 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba0826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Disordered hyperuniformity (DHU) is a recently proposed new state of matter, which has been observed in a variety of classical and quantum many-body systems. DHU systems are characterized by vanishing infinite-wavelength normalized density fluctuations and are endowed with unique novel physical properties. Here, we report the discovery of disordered hyperuniformity in atomic-scale two-dimensional materials, i.e., amorphous silica composed of a single layer of atoms, based on spectral-density analysis of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. Moreover, we show via large-scale density functional theory calculations that DHU leads to almost complete closure of the electronic bandgap compared to the crystalline counterpart, making the material effectively a metal. This is in contrast to the conventional wisdom that disorder generally diminishes electronic transport and is due to the unique electron wave localization induced by the topological defects in the DHU state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Hanqing Nan
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Zhen-Xiong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Duyu Chen
- Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lixin He
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Wenxiang Xu
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, P.R. China
| | - Mohan Chen
- CAPT, HEDPS, College of Engineering, Peking University 100871, P.R. China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Houlong Zhuang
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University,Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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