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Su H, Mueller A, Goldstein H. Recent advances on anti-HIV chimeric antigen receptor-T-cell treatment to provide sustained HIV remission. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:169-178. [PMID: 38695148 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Successful sustained remission of HIV infection has been achieved after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treatment of leukemia in a small cohort of people living with HIV (PLWH). This breakthrough demonstrated that the goal of curing HIV was achievable. However, the high morbidity and mortality associated with bone marrow transplantation limits the routine application of this approach and provides a strong rationale for pursuing alternative strategies for sustained long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free HIV remission. Notably, long-term immune-mediated control of HIV replication observed in elite controllers and posttreatment controllers suggests that potent HIV-specific immune responses could provide sustained ART-free remission in PLWH. The capacity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells engineered to target malignant cells to induce remission and cure in cancer patients made this an attractive approach to provide PLWH with a potent HIV-specific immune response. Here, we review the recent advances in the design and application of anti-HIV CAR-T-cell therapy to provide a functional HIV cure. RECENT FINDINGS HIV reservoirs are established days after infection and persist through clonal expansion of infected cells. The continuous interaction between latently infected cells and the immune system shapes the landscape of HIV latency and likely contributes to ART-free viral control in elite controllers. CAR-T cells can exhibit superior antiviral activity as compared with native HIV-specific T cells, particularly because they can be engineered to have multiple HIV specificities, resistance to HIV infection, dual costimulatory signaling, immune checkpoint inhibitors, stem cell derivation, CMV TCR coexpression, and tissue homing ligands. These modifications can significantly improve the capacities of anti-HIV CAR-T cells to prevent viral escape, resist HIV infection, and enhance cytotoxicity, persistence, and tissue penetration. Collectively, these novel modifications of anti-HIV CAR-T cell design have increased their capacity to control HIV infection. SUMMARY Anti-HIV CAR-T cells can be engineered to provide potent and sustained in-vitro and in-vivo antiviral function. The combination of anti-HIV CAR-T cells with other immunotherapeutics may contribute to long-term HIV remission in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology
| | | | - Harris Goldstein
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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Obare LM, Temu T, Mallal SA, Wanjalla CN. Inflammation in HIV and Its Impact on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. Circ Res 2024; 134:1515-1545. [PMID: 38781301 PMCID: PMC11122788 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
People living with HIV have a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Despite treatment with highly effective antiretroviral therapy, people living with HIV have chronic inflammation that makes them susceptible to multiple comorbidities. Several factors, including the HIV reservoir, coinfections, clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), microbial translocation, and antiretroviral therapy, may contribute to the chronic state of inflammation. Within the innate immune system, macrophages harbor latent HIV and are among the prominent immune cells present in atheroma during the progression of atherosclerosis. They secrete inflammatory cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-6 and tumor necrosis-α that stimulate the expression of adhesion molecules on the endothelium. This leads to the recruitment of other immune cells, including cluster of differentiation (CD)8+ and CD4+ T cells, also present in early and late atheroma. As such, cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to both systemic inflammation and vascular inflammation. On a molecular level, HIV-1 primes the NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome, leading to an increased expression of IL-1β, which is important for cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, activation of TLRs (toll-like receptors) by HIV, gut microbes, and substance abuse further activates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Finally, HIV proteins such as Nef (negative regulatory factor) can inhibit cholesterol efflux in monocytes and macrophages through direct action on the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1), which promotes the formation of foam cells and the progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Here, we summarize the stages of atherosclerosis in the context of HIV, highlighting the effects of HIV, coinfections, and antiretroviral therapy on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and describe current and future interventions to reduce residual inflammation and improve cardiovascular outcomes among people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.M.O., S.A.M., C.N.W.)
| | - Tecla Temu
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.T.)
| | - Simon A. Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.M.O., S.A.M., C.N.W.)
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (S.A.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (S.A.M.)
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, WA, Western Australia (S.A.M.)
| | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (L.M.O., S.A.M., C.N.W.)
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Li Y, Liu H, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang H, Li X. Demographic and clinical factors correlated with clinical outcomes among people with HIV treated by antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:514. [PMID: 38778273 PMCID: PMC11112820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As is known, CD4 cell count is a significant parameter predicting HIV progression, opportunistic infections and death in HIV-infected individuals, as well was an important indicator for initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). In China's National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program, people with HIV (PWH) on ART can receive a CD4 count test at least once every six months. Importantly, the baseline CD4 count (before ART initiation) is significantly correlated with ART and even prognosis, but the influence of the peak CD4 cell count on ART and/or clinical outcomes is still unknown. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted among 7965 PWH who received ART from October 2003 to September 2022 at Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital. Clinical features and laboratory data were collected and analyzed by Chi-square test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. After elimination of confounding variables, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify survival-related factors. RESULTS Of a total of 7965 PWH in the ART treatment cohort who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7939 were finally included in the subsequent analyses. First, it was found that the proportion of clinical variables, including sex, age distribution, interval from diagnosis to ART initiation, marital status, and others, was significantly different between the living and dead groups (P < 0.05). Impressively, significantly more PWH had the higher level of baseline, peak and recent CD4 cell counts in the living group compared to those in the dead group. Due to multicollinearity effect, after excluding confounders, the following factors were found to be significantly associated with mortality by multivariate Cox regression analysis: (1) male sex (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.268 [1.032, 1.559]; P = 0.024); (2) time from HIV confirmation to ART initiation ≥ 6 months (HR = 1.962 [1.631, 2.360]; P < 0.001); (3) peak CD4 cell count: Peak CD4 < 100cells/µL group (HR = 16.093 [12.041, 21.508]; P < 0.001), 100cells/µL ≤ x < 200cells/µL group (HR = 7.904 [6.148, 10.160]; P < 0.001), 200cells/µL ≤ x < 350cells/µL group (HR = 3.166 [2.519, 3.980]; P < 0.001), 350cells/µL ≤ x < 500cells/µL group (HR = 1.668 [1.291, 2.155]; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Interestingly, patients in male, time from HIV confirmation to ART initiation ≥ 6 months, or peak CD4 count < 500 cells/µl had inferior clinical outcomes, in other word, a lower peak CD4 cell count significantly increased the risk of death, and peak CD4 cell was independent in predicting the overall survival of PWH. It is important to promote "early diagnosis and treatment of HIV" and regularly monitor CD4 levels in HIV/AIDS to evaluate the efficacy of ART and immune reconstitution, and optimize the ART regimen in time to further reduce the mortality of PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Li
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Xitoutiao Road No. 10, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Tongzhou District, Machang Road No. 97, Beijing, 101199, China
| | - Hengli Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan AIDS Care Center, Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shi'an Road 28 Kilo, Taiping Town, Kunming City, Anning, 650108, Yunnan Province, China
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Wanhua Road No. 22, Xiaguan Town, Dali City, Dali Prefecture , 671003, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shuangmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan AIDS Care Center, Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shi'an Road 28 Kilo, Taiping Town, Kunming City, Anning, 650108, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yanyun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan AIDS Care Center, Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shi'an Road 28 Kilo, Taiping Town, Kunming City, Anning, 650108, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Wanhua Road No. 22, Xiaguan Town, Dali City, Dali Prefecture , 671003, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Wanhua Road No. 22, Xiaguan Town, Dali City, Dali Prefecture , 671003, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Yunnan AIDS Care Center, Yunnan Infectious Disease Hospital, Shi'an Road 28 Kilo, Taiping Town, Kunming City, Anning, 650108, Yunnan Province, China.
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Wanhua Road No. 22, Xiaguan Town, Dali City, Dali Prefecture , 671003, Yunnan Province, China.
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Li H, Liu H, Zhu D, Dou C, Gang B, Zhang M, Wan Z. Biological function molecular pathways and druggability of DNMT2/TRDMT1. Pharmacol Res 2024; 205:107222. [PMID: 38782147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
5-methylcytosine (m5C) is among the most common epigenetic modification in DNA and RNA molecules, and plays an important role in the animal development and disease pathogenesis. Interestingly, unlike other m5C DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), DNMT2/TRDMT1 has the double-substrate specificity and adopts a DNMT-similar catalytic mechanism to methylate RNA. Moreover, it is widely involved in a variety of physiological regulatory processes, such as the gene expression, precise protein synthesis, immune response, and disease occurrence. Thus, comprehending the epigenetic mechanism and function of DNMT2/TRDMT1 will probably provide new strategies to treat some refractory diseases. Here, we discuss recent studies on the spatiotemporal expression pattern and post-translational modifications of DNMT2/TRDMT1, and summarize the research advances in substrate characteristics, catalytic recognition mechanism, DNMT2/TRDMT1-related genes or proteins, pharmacological application, and inhibitor development. This review will shed light on the pharmacological design by targeting DNMT2/TRDMT1 to treat parasitic, viral and oncologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huari Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China.
| | - Huiru Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Daiyun Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, PR China
| | - Chengli Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Baocai Gang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
| | - Ziyu Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Translational Medicine, and The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu Medical University, No.2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui Province 233030, PR China
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Bongomin F, Kibone W, Atulinda L, Morgan B, Ocansey B, Storer ISR, van Rhijn N, Muzoora C, Denning DW, Hamer DH. Frequency of fungal pathogens in autopsy studies of people who died with HIV in Africa: a scoping review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:592-600. [PMID: 38145865 PMCID: PMC11103628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections are common in HIV-infected individuals and significantly contribute to mortality. However, a substantial number of cases are undiagnosed before death. OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of fungal pathogens in autopsy studies of people who died with HIV in Africa. METHODS We conducted a scoping review of autopsy studies conducted in Africa. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar, and African Journal Online. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA The review encompasses studies published from inception to September 2023, and no language restrictions were imposed during the search process. We included studies that reported histopathological or microbiological evidence for the diagnosis of fungal infections and other pathogens. DATA SYNTHESIS Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and no meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS We examined 30 articles reporting studies conducted between 1991 and 2019, encompassing a total of 13 066 HIV-infected decedents across ten African countries. In five studies, the autopsy type was not specified. Among those studies with specified autopsy types, 20 involved complete diagnostic autopsies, whereas 5 were categorized as partial or minimally invasive autopsies. There were 2333 pathogens identified, with 946 (40.5%) being mycobacteria, 856 (36.7%) fungal, 231 (3.8%) viral, 208 (8.9%) parasitic, and 92 (3.9%) bacterial. Of the 856 fungal pathogens identified, 654 (28.0%) were Cryptococcus species, 167 (7.2%) Pneumocystis jirovecii, 16 (0.69%) Histoplasma species, 15 (0.64%) Aspergillus species, and 4 (0.17%) Candida species. Other major non-fungal pathogens identified were cytomegalovirus 172 (7.37%) and Toxoplasma gondii 173 (7.42%). CONCLUSIONS Invasive fungal infections occur in over one-third of people who succumb to HIV in Africa. In addition to cryptococcosis and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, integrating other priority fungal pathogen detection and management strategies into the broader framework of HIV care in Africa is recommended. This involves increasing awareness regarding the impact of fungal infections in advanced HIV disease and strengthening diagnostic and treatment capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Bongomin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda; Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Winnie Kibone
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda; Department of Internal Medicine, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Linda Atulinda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bethan Morgan
- Trust Library Services, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bright Ocansey
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Isabelle S R Storer
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Norman van Rhijn
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Conrad Muzoora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - David W Denning
- Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Davidson H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; National Emerging Infectious Disease Laboratory, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy & Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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6
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Sharma D, Singh A, Safi S, Gaur R, Sengupta D. Porphyrins with combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl and 4-hydroxyphenyl substituents in meso-positions as anti-HIV-1 agents. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10006. [PMID: 38693160 PMCID: PMC11063187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60728-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl meso-substituted porphyrins were synthesized, purified, and characterized. The compounds exhibited anti-HIV-1 activities, in vitro, under both non-photodynamic (non-PDT) and photodynamic (PDT) conditions. Specifically, the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 virus entry, with c-PB2(OH)2 and PB(OH)3 showing significant anti-HIV-1 activity. All of the porphyrins inhibited HIV-1 subtype B and C virus entry under PDT conditions. Our study demonstrated that the compounds bearing combinations of 4-carboxyphenyl/4-hydroxyphenyl moieties were not toxic even at higher concentrations, as compared to the reference porphyrins 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP), under PDT conditions. This study underscores the promising potential of these compounds as HIV entry inhibitors in both non-PDT and PDT scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdulal Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Aradhana Singh
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110068, India
| | - Sanaullah Safi
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110068, India
| | - Ritu Gaur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110068, India.
| | - Devashish Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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7
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Wang P, Meng Z, Deng K, Gao Z, Cai J. Vpr driving DNA methylation variation of CD4 + T cells in HIV-1 infection. Virol J 2024; 21:97. [PMID: 38671522 PMCID: PMC11046818 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the existence of available therapeutic interventions for HIV-1, this virus remains a significant global threat, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. Within HIV-1-infected cells, the accessory viral protein r (Vpr) exerts control over diverse biological processes, including cell cycle progression, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The regulation of gene expression through DNA methylation plays a crucial role in physiological processes, exerting its influence without altering the underlying DNA sequence. However, a thorough examination of the impact of Vpr on DNA methylation in human CD4 + T cells has not been conducted. METHODS In this study, we employed base-resolution whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS), real-time quantitative RCR and western blot to explore the effect of Vpr on DNA methylation of host cells under HIV-1 infection. RESULTS We observed that HIV-1 infection leads to elevated levels of global DNA methylation in primary CD4 + T cells. Specifically, Vpr induces significant modifications in DNA methylation patterns, particularly affecting regions within promoters and gene bodies. These alterations notably influence genes related to immune-related pathways and olfactory receptor activity. Moreover, Vpr demonstrates a distinct ability to diminish the levels of methylation in histone genes. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the significant involvement of Vpr in regulating transcription through the modulation of DNA methylation patterns. Together, the results of this investigation will considerably enhance our understanding of the influence of HIV-1 Vpr on the DNA methylation of host cells, offer potential avenues for the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoyue Meng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jinfeng Cai
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gern BH, Klas JM, Foster KA, Cohen SB, Plumlee CR, Duffy FJ, Neal ML, Halima M, Gustin AT, Diercks AH, Aderem A, Gale M, Aitchison JD, Gerner MY, Urdahl KB. CD4-mediated immunity shapes neutrophil-driven tuberculous pathology. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.12.589315. [PMID: 38659794 PMCID: PMC11042216 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.12.589315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection results in highly heterogeneous lesions ranging from granulomas with central necrosis to those primarily comprised of alveolitis. While alveolitis has been associated with prior immunity in human post-mortem studies, the drivers of these distinct pathologic outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we show that these divergent lesion structures can be modeled in C3HeB/FeJ mice and are regulated by prior immunity. Using quantitative imaging, scRNAseq, and flow cytometry, we demonstrate that Mtb infection in the absence of prior immunity elicits dysregulated neutrophil recruitment and necrotic granulomas. In contrast, prior immunity induces rapid recruitment and activation of T cells, local macrophage activation, and diminished late neutrophil responses. Depletion studies at distinct infection stages demonstrated that neutrophils are required for early necrosis initiation and necrosis propagation at chronic stages, whereas early CD4 T cell responses prevent neutrophil feedforward circuits and necrosis. Together, these studies reveal fundamental determinants of tuberculosis lesion structure and pathogenesis, which have important implications for new strategies to prevent or treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Gern
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Josepha M Klas
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kimberly A Foster
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sara B Cohen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Courtney R Plumlee
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fergal J Duffy
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Maxwell L Neal
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mehnaz Halima
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Andrew T Gustin
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alan H Diercks
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Y Gerner
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kevin B Urdahl
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Pediatrics, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Dept. of Immunology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Lead Contact
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9
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Ancuta P. Genetic haute couture to block HIV-1 at front doors. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:433-434. [PMID: 38579679 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are "front doors" for HIV-1 infection in host cells, and their targeting represents a potential solution for a cure. Dudek et al.1 now propose a new gene editing strategy to simultaneously block CCR5- and CXCR4-mediated HIV-1 entry in autologous hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronela Ancuta
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; CHUM Research Centre, 900 rue Saint-Denis, Tour Viger R, Room R09.416, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
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10
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Gazieva GA, Chegaev K. Special Issue "Development and Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds". Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4015. [PMID: 38612824 PMCID: PMC11012345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intention of this Special Issue is to focus on new achievements in the design, preparation, and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of bioactive molecules that can result in the development of natural or artificial potent compounds looking for promising pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina A. Gazieva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Chegaev
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
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11
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Motomura K, Morita H, Naruse K, Saito H, Matsumoto K. Implication of viruses in the etiology of preeclampsia. Am J Reprod Immunol 2024; 91:e13844. [PMID: 38627916 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the most common disorders that poses threat to both mothers and neonates and a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Viral infection during pregnancy is not typically considered to cause preeclampsia; however, syndromic nature of preeclampsia etiology and the immunomodulatory effects of viral infections suggest that microbes could trigger a subset of preeclampsia. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Herein, we review the potential role of viral infections in this great obstetrical syndrome. According to in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, viral infections can cause preeclampsia by introducing poor placentation, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and/or maternal systemic inflammation, which are all known to play a critical role in the development of preeclampsia. Moreover, clinical and experimental investigations have suggested a link between several viruses and the onset of preeclampsia via multiple pathways. However, the results of experimental and clinical research are not always consistent. Therefore, future studies should investigate the causal link between viral infections and preeclampsia to elucidate the mechanism behind this relationship and the etiology of preeclampsia itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Motomura
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Morita
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Allergy Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Naruse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Saito
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Giannakopoulos A, Efthymiadou A, Kritikou D, Chrysis D. Osteoprotegerin in infection-induced acute inflammatory states in children. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27565. [PMID: 38509997 PMCID: PMC10951505 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member which increases in chronic inflammation and is associated with altered bone turnover and cardiovascular complications. In this study, we investigated whether OPG increases during acute inflammatory states induced by infections in children and correlated its levels with other biomarkers. Materials and methods This is a prospective study that included 59 patients with documented bacterial infections, 20 with viral infections and 20 healthy controls. OPG, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cells (WBC) were measured. Results OPG serum levels were significantly increased during inflammation induced by a bacterial infection, compared to viral infection and controls (4.17 pmol/l (2.40-12.12) vs 3.2 (1.66-5.33) and 3 pmol/l (2.13-4.76), respectively, p < 0.001). In addition, OPG correlated well with CRP (rho = 0.428, p = 0.0011), ESR (rho = 0.3, p = 0.026), and WBC (rho = 0.266, p = 0.05) only in the group with bacterial infection. The sensitivity of CRP in detecting a bacterial infection was superior to OPG (67.3% vs 38.3%). Conclusion This study provides proof of concept that OPG increases differentially in bacterial infections, although with a lower sensitivity than CRP. Further studies are needed to define the role of OPG during the inflammatory states of infection in pediatric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Giannakopoulos
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Patras, University Hospital, Rio, Greece
| | - Alexandra Efthymiadou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Patras, University Hospital, Rio, Greece
| | - Dimitra Kritikou
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Patras, University Hospital, Rio, Greece
| | - Dionisios Chrysis
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Patras, University Hospital, Rio, Greece
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Sever B, Otsuka M, Fujita M, Ciftci H. A Review of FDA-Approved Anti-HIV-1 Drugs, Anti-Gag Compounds, and Potential Strategies for HIV-1 Eradication. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3659. [PMID: 38612471 PMCID: PMC11012182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is an enormous global health threat stemming from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection. Up to now, the tremendous advances in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have shifted HIV-1 infection from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic disorder. However, the presence of latent reservoirs, the multifaceted nature of HIV-1, drug resistance, severe off-target effects, poor adherence, and high cost restrict the efficacy of current cART targeting the distinct stages of the virus life cycle. Therefore, there is an unmet need for the discovery of new therapeutics that not only bypass the limitations of the current therapy but also protect the body's health at the same time. The main goal for complete HIV-1 eradication is purging latently infected cells from patients' bodies. A potential strategy called "lock-in and apoptosis" targets the budding phase of the life cycle of the virus and leads to susceptibility to apoptosis of HIV-1 infected cells for the elimination of HIV-1 reservoirs and, ultimately, for complete eradication. The current work intends to present the main advantages and disadvantages of United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anti-HIV-1 drugs as well as plausible strategies for the design and development of more anti-HIV-1 compounds with better potency, favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, and improved safety issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Türkiye;
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
| | - Halilibrahim Ciftci
- Medicinal and Biological Chemistry Science Farm Joint Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan;
- Department of Drug Discovery, Science Farm Ltd., Kumamoto 862-0976, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Türkiye
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14
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Kabunga A, Kigongo E, Udho S, Auma AG, Tumwesigye R, Musinguzi M, Acup W, Ruth Akello A, Okalo P, Nabaziwa J, Mwirotsi Shikanga E, Halima N. An Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Quality of Life Among Adults Living with HIV in Western Uganda. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2024; 16:73-82. [PMID: 38476595 PMCID: PMC10929256 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s449298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background HIV/AIDS remains a significant global public health issue, profoundly impacting infected individuals. Living with HIV involves complex mental health dynamics, with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) being a prevalent challenge. This study aims to examine the correlation between PTSD and quality of life among HIV-positive individuals in western Uganda. Material and Methods Conducted between May and July 2023, this facility-based cross-sectional study surveyed 439 participants from four HIV clinics in southwestern Uganda. Data were collected through interviewer-administered questionnaires, analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, and multiple linear regression (p<0.05). Results Respondents had a mean age of 40.6 years, with 68.3% female, 54.9% married, and 55.1% lacking formal education. The reported PTSD prevalence among HIV-positive individuals was 33.7%, significantly correlating with reduced overall quality of life (β = -4.52; p<0.001). The social quality of life had the highest mean score of 14.24 (±3.45) while the environmental quality of life had the lowest mean score 11.89 (±2.68). Conclusion Our study reveals a concerning prevalence of PTSD, affecting 1 in 3 individuals, emphasizing the pressing need for comprehensive mental health support within HIV care settings. We observed a significant negative impact of PTSD on overall quality of life, particularly in physical and social aspects. Integrating mental health screening into routine HIV care is crucial, using validated tools like the PSTD Checklist Civilian Version, alongside training for healthcare providers to recognize PTSD symptoms in the context of HIV diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kabunga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Eustes Kigongo
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Samson Udho
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Anna Grace Auma
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Raymond Tumwesigye
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Marvin Musinguzi
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Walter Acup
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Anne Ruth Akello
- Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control, Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Ponsiano Okalo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | - Jannat Nabaziwa
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Public Health, Lira University, Lira City, Uganda
| | | | - Namata Halima
- Department of Mental Health, Makerere University, Kampala City, Uganda
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15
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Jiang D. Dynamic behaviors of a stochastic virus infection model with Beddington-DeAngelis incidence function, eclipse-stage and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Math Biosci 2024; 369:109154. [PMID: 38295988 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2024.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a virus infection model that incorporates eclipse-stage and Beddington-DeAngelis function, along with perturbation in infection rate using logarithmic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Rigorous analysis demonstrates that the stochastic model has a unique global solution. Through construction of appropriate Lyapunov functions and a compact set, combined with the strong law of numbers and Fatou's lemma, we obtain the existence of the stationary distribution under a critical condition, which indicates the long-term persistence of T-cells and virions. Moreover, a precise probability density function is derived around the quasi-equilibrium of the model, and spectral radius analysis is employed to identify critical condition for elimination of the virus. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to validate theoretical results, and the impact of some key parameters such as the speed of reversion, volatility intensity and mean infection rate are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Liu
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Daqing Jiang
- College of Science, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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16
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Suleman M, Khan SU, Hussain T, Khan MU, Shamsul Hassan S, Majid M, Khan SU, Shehzad Khan M, Shan Ahmad RU, Arif M, Ahmad Z, Crovella S, Anthony S. Cardiovascular challenges in the era of antiretroviral therapy for AIDS/ HIV: A comprehensive review of research advancements, pathophysiological insights, and future directions. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102353. [PMID: 38128638 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease, is becoming more common among those living with HIV. Individuals with HIV face an increased susceptibility to myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack, as compared to the general population in developed countries. This heightened risk can be attributed mainly to the presence of effective antiretroviral drugs and the resulting longer lifespan. Some cardiac issues linked to non-antiretroviral medications, including myocarditis, endocarditis, cardiomyopathy with dilation, pulmonary hypertension, and oedema of the heart, may affect those not undergoing highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART). Impaired immune function and systemic inflammation are significant contributors to this phenomenon after initiating highly aggressive antiretroviral treatment ART. It is becoming more challenging to determine the best course of treatment for HIV-associated cardiomyopathy due to new research suggesting that protease inhibitors might have a negative impact on the development of HF. Currently, the primary focus of research on ART medications is centered on the cardiovascular adverse effects of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors. This review paper thoroughly evaluates the advancements achieved in cardiovascular disease research and explores the potential implications for prospects. Additionally, it considers the field's future prospects while examining how ART might be altered and its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suleman
- Laboratory of Animal Research Center (LARC), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 22080, Pakistan
| | - Talib Hussain
- Women Dental College Abbottabad, KPK 22020, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ullah Khan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 PR China
| | - Syed Shamsul Hassan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC),Hangzhou 310002, PR China
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Safir Ullah Khan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shehzad Khan
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Shatin city, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Rafi U Shan Ahmad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City university of Hong Kong, Kowloon City, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Arif
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sergio Crovella
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC),Hangzhou 310002, PR China.
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17
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Creisher PS, Klein SL. Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024:e0007323. [PMID: 38421182 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00073-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYViral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic and physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity of disease, and vertical transmission. The placenta is the organ of the maternal-fetal interface and provides defense against microbial infection while supporting the semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, and rubella virus, can breach these defenses, directly infecting the fetus and having long-lasting consequences. Even without direct placental infection, other viruses, including respiratory viruses like influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, still cause placental damage and inflammation. Concentrations of progesterone and estrogens rise during pregnancy and contribute to immunological adaptations, placentation, and placental development and play a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment at the maternal-fetal interface. Animal models, including mice, nonhuman primates, rabbits, and guinea pigs, are instrumental for mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy and identification of targetable treatments to improve health outcomes of pregnant individuals and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Jing T, Shan Z, Dinh T, Biswas A, Jang S, Greenwood J, Li M, Zhang Z, Gray G, Shin HJ, Zhou B, Passos D, Aiyer S, Li Z, Craigie R, Engelman AN, Kvaratskhelia M, Lyumkis D. Oligomeric HIV-1 Integrase Structures Reveal Functional Plasticity for Intasome Assembly and RNA Binding. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.26.577436. [PMID: 38328132 PMCID: PMC10849644 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.26.577436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Integrase (IN) performs dual essential roles during HIV-1 replication. During ingress, IN functions within an oligomeric "intasome" assembly to catalyze viral DNA integration into host chromatin. During late stages of infection, tetrameric IN binds viral RNA and orchestrates the condensation of ribonucleoprotein complexes into the capsid core. The molecular architectures of HIV-1 IN assemblies that mediate these distinct events remain unknown. Furthermore, the tetramer is an important antiviral target for allosteric IN inhibitors. Here, we determined cryo-EM structures of wildtype HIV-1 IN tetramers and intasome hexadecamers. Our structures unveil a remarkable plasticity that leverages IN C-terminal domains and abutting linkers to assemble functionally distinct oligomeric forms. Alteration of a newly recognized conserved interface revealed that both IN functions track with tetramerization in vitro and during HIV-1 infection. Collectively, our findings reveal how IN plasticity orchestrates its diverse molecular functions, suggest a working model for IN-viral RNA binding, and provide atomic blueprints for allosteric IN inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jing
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zelin Shan
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tung Dinh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Avik Biswas
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sooin Jang
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Juliet Greenwood
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Min Li
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zeyuan Zhang
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Gennavieve Gray
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hye Jeong Shin
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Dario Passos
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sriram Aiyer
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Robert Craigie
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alan N. Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mamuka Kvaratskhelia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dmitry Lyumkis
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Section of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Gail Bekker
- The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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20
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Lungu C, Overmars RJ, Grundeken E, Boers PHM, van der Ende ME, Mesplède T, Gruters RA. Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Replication-Competent HIV-2 Isolated from Controllers and Progressors. Viruses 2023; 15:2236. [PMID: 38005913 PMCID: PMC10675771 DOI: 10.3390/v15112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Although some individuals with HIV-2 develop severe immunodeficiency and AIDS-related complications, most may never progress to AIDS. Replication-competent HIV-2 isolated from asymptomatic long-term non-progressors (controllers) have lower replication rates than viruses from individuals who progress to AIDS (progressors). To investigate potential retroviral factors that correlate with disease progression in HIV-2, we sequenced the near full-length genomes of replication-competent viruses previously outgrown from controllers and progressors and used phylogeny to seek genotypic correlates of disease progression. We validated the integrity of all open reading frames and used cell-based assays to study the retroviral transcriptional activity of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Tat proteins of HIV-2 from controllers and progressors. Overall, we did not identify genotypic defects that may contribute to HIV-2 non-progression. Tat-induced, LTR-mediated transcription was comparable between viruses from controllers and progressors. Our results were obtained from a small number of participants and should be interpreted accordingly. Overall, they suggest that progression may be determined before or during integration of HIV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lungu
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.); (R.J.O.); (E.G.); (P.H.M.B.)
| | - Ronald J. Overmars
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.); (R.J.O.); (E.G.); (P.H.M.B.)
| | - Esmée Grundeken
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.); (R.J.O.); (E.G.); (P.H.M.B.)
| | - Patrick H. M. Boers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.); (R.J.O.); (E.G.); (P.H.M.B.)
| | - Marchina E. van der Ende
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Thibault Mesplède
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.); (R.J.O.); (E.G.); (P.H.M.B.)
| | - Rob A. Gruters
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.L.); (R.J.O.); (E.G.); (P.H.M.B.)
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