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Qi F, Bao Q, Hu P, Guo Y, Yan Y, Yao X, Shi J. Mild magnetic hyperthermia-activated immuno-responses for primary bladder cancer therapy. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122514. [PMID: 38428093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Surgical intervention followed by chemotherapy is the principal treatment strategy for bladder cancer, which is hindered by significant surgical risks, toxicity from chemotherapy, and high rates of recurrence after surgery. In this context, a novel approach using mild magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) for bladder cancer treatment through the intra-bladder delivery of magnetic nanoparticles is presented for the first time. This method overcomes the limitations of low magnetic thermal efficiency, inadequate tumor targeting, and reduced therapeutic effectiveness associated with the traditional intravenous administration of magnetic nanoparticles. Core-shell Zn-CoFe2O4@Zn-MnFe2O4 (MNP) nanoparticles were developed and further modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) to enhance their targeting ability toward tumor cells. The application of controlled mild MHT using MNP-HA at temperatures of 43-44 °C successfully suppressed the proliferation of bladder tumor cells and tumor growth, while also decreasing the expression levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Crucially, this therapeutic approach also activated the body's innate immune response involving macrophages, as well as the adaptive immune responses of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells, thereby reversing the immunosuppressive environment of the bladder tumor and effectively reducing tumor recurrence. This study uncovers the potential immune-activating mechanism of mild MHT in the treatment of bladder cancer and confirms the effectiveness and safety of this strategy, indicating its promising potential for the clinical management of bladder cancer with a high tendency for relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, PR China; Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qunqun Bao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, 38 Yun-xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, PR China.
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, PR China; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, 38 Yun-xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, PR China
| | - Yuedong Guo
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, 38 Yun-xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, 38 Yun-xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, PR China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Xudong Yao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School of Tongji University, 38 Yun-xin Road, Shanghai, 200435, PR China; Urologic Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China.
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Ding-Xi Road, Shanghai, 200050, PR China; Research Unit of Nanocatalytic Medicine in Specific Therapy for Serious Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU012), Shanghai 200050, PR China.
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2
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Lu HJ, Koju N, Sheng R. Mammalian integrated stress responses in stressed organelles and their functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1095-1114. [PMID: 38267546 PMCID: PMC11130345 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) triggered in response to various cellular stress enables mammalian cells to effectively cope with diverse stressful conditions while maintaining their normal functions. Four kinases (PERK, PKR, GCN2, and HRI) of ISR regulate ISR signaling and intracellular protein translation via mediating the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α (eIF2α) at Ser51. Early ISR creates an opportunity for cells to repair themselves and restore homeostasis. This effect, however, is reversed in the late stages of ISR. Currently, some studies have shown the non-negligible impact of ISR on diseases such as ischemic diseases, cognitive impairment, metabolic syndrome, cancer, vanishing white matter, etc. Hence, artificial regulation of ISR and its signaling with ISR modulators becomes a promising therapeutic strategy for relieving disease symptoms and improving clinical outcomes. Here, we provide an overview of the essential mechanisms of ISR and describe the ISR-related pathways in organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of ISR modulators and their potential application in various diseases are also enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jun Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Nirmala Koju
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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3
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Zhang N, Zhang S, Dong X. Plant-derived bioactive compounds and their novel role in central nervous system disorder treatment via ATF4 targeting: A systematic literature review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116811. [PMID: 38795641 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders exhibit exceedingly intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Pragmatic and effective solutions remain elusive, significantly compromising human life and health. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) participates in the regulation of multiple pathophysiological processes, including CNS disorders. Considering the widespread involvement of ATF4 in the pathological process of CNS disorders, the targeted regulation of ATF4 by plant-derived bioactive compounds (PDBCs) may become a viable strategy for the treatment of CNS disorders. However, the regulatory relationship between PDBCs and ATF4 remains incompletely understood. Here, we aimed to comprehensively review the studies on PDBCs targeting ATF4 to ameliorate CNS disorders, thereby offering novel directions and insights for the treatment of CNS disorders. A computerized search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases to identify preclinical experiments related to PDBCs targeting ATF4 for the treatment of CNS disorders. The search timeframe was from the inception of the databases to December 2023. Two assessors conducted searches using the keywords "ATF4," "Central Nervous System," "Neurological," "Alzheimer's disease," "Parkinson's Disease," "Stroke," "Spinal Cord Injury," "Glioblastoma," "Traumatic Brain Injury," and "Spinal Cord Injury." Overall, 31 studies were included, encompassing assessments of 27 PDBCs. Combining results from in vivo and in vitro studies, we observed that these PDBCs, via ATF4 modulation, prevent the deposition of amyloid-like fibers such as Aβ, tau, and α-synuclein. They regulate ERS, reduce the release of inflammatory factors, restore mitochondrial membrane integrity to prevent oxidative stress, regulate synaptic plasticity, modulate autophagy, and engage anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Consequently, they exert neuroprotective effects in CNS disorders. Numerous PDBCs targeting ATF4 have shown potential in facilitating the restoration of CNS functionality, thereby presenting expansive prospects for the treatment of such disorders. However, future endeavors necessitate high-quality, large-scale, and comprehensive preclinical and clinical studies to further validate this therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, No. 24 Central Street, Xinfu District, Fushun, Liaoning 113000, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, China.
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4
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Zhang N, Nao J, Zhang S, Dong X. Novel insights into the activating transcription factor 4 in Alzheimer's disease and associated aging-related diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Neuroendocrinol 2024:101144. [PMID: 38797197 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2024.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is inherent to all human beings, most mechanistic explanations of ageing results from the combined effects of various physiological and pathological processes. Additionally, aging pivotally contributes to several chronic diseases. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), a member of the ATF/cAMP response element-binding protein family, has recently emerged as a pivotal player owing to its indispensable role in the pathophysiological processes of Alzheimer's disease and aging-related diseases. Moreover, ATF4 is integral to numerous biological processes. Therefore, this article aims to comprehensively review relevant research on the role of ATF4 in the onset and progression of aging-related diseases, elucidating its potential mechanisms and therapeutic approaches. Our objective is to furnish scientific evidence for the early identification of risk factors in aging-related diseases and pave the way for new research directions for their treatment. By elucidating the signaling pathway network of ATF4 in aging-related diseases, we aspire to gain a profound understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms, offering novel strategies for addressing aging and developing related therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Seventh Clinical College of China Medical University, No. 24 Central Street, Xinfu District, Fushun 113000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Shun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
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5
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Kotliar D, Curtis M, Agnew R, Weinand K, Nathan A, Baglaenko Y, Zhao Y, Sabeti PC, Rao DA, Raychaudhuri S. Reproducible single cell annotation of programs underlying T-cell subsets, activation states, and functions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.03.592310. [PMID: 38746317 PMCID: PMC11092745 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.03.592310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
T-cells recognize antigens and induce specialized gene expression programs (GEPs) enabling functions including proliferation, cytotoxicity, and cytokine production. Traditionally, different classes of helper T-cells express mutually exclusive responses - for example, Th1, Th2, and Th17 programs. However, new single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) experiments have revealed a continuum of T-cell states without discrete clusters corresponding to these subsets, implying the need for new analytical frameworks. Here, we advance the characterization of T-cells with T-CellAnnoTator (TCAT), a pipeline that simultaneously quantifies pre-defined GEPs capturing activation states and cellular subsets. From 1,700,000 T-cells from 700 individuals across 38 tissues and five diverse disease contexts, we discover 46 reproducible GEPs reflecting the known core functions of T-cells including proliferation, cytotoxicity, exhaustion, and T helper effector states. We experimentally characterize several novel activation programs and apply TCAT to describe T-cell activation and exhaustion in Covid-19 and cancer, providing insight into T-cell function in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Kotliar
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michelle Curtis
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ryan Agnew
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kathryn Weinand
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Center for Autoimmune Genetics and Etiology and Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Pardis C. Sabeti
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, FAS Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Deepak A. Rao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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6
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Hazari Y, Chevet E, Bailly-Maitre B, Hetz C. ER stress signaling at the interphase between MASH and HCC. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00844. [PMID: 38626349 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
HCC is the most frequent primary liver cancer with an extremely poor prognosis and often develops on preset of chronic liver diseases. Major risk factors for HCC include metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, a complex multifactorial condition associated with abnormal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteostasis. To cope with ER stress, the unfolded protein response engages adaptive reactions to restore the secretory capacity of the cell. Recent advances revealed that ER stress signaling plays a critical role in HCC progression. Here, we propose that chronic ER stress is a common transversal factor contributing to the transition from liver disease (risk factor) to HCC. Interventional strategies to target the unfolded protein response in HCC, such as cancer therapy, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younis Hazari
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Béatrice Bailly-Maitre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1065, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204 Nice, France Team "Metainflammation and Hematometabolism", Metabolism Department, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, U1065, C3M, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California, USA
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Shao S, Sun Z, Chu M, Chen J, Cao T, Swindell WR, Bai Y, Li Q, Ma J, Zhu Z, Schuler A, Helfrich Y, Billi AC, Li Z, Hao J, Xiao C, Dang E, Gudjonsson JE, Wang G. Formylpeptide receptor 1 contributes to epidermal barrier dysfunction-induced skin inflammation through NOD-like receptor C4-dependent keratinocyte activation. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:536-548. [PMID: 37979162 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin barrier dysfunction may both initiate and aggravate skin inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved in the inflammation process remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine how skin barrier dysfunction enhances skin inflammation and molecular mechanisms. METHODS Skin barrier defect mice were established by tape stripping or topical use of acetone on wildtype mice, or filaggrin deficiency. RNA-Seq was employed to analyse the differentially expressed genes in mice with skin barrier defects. Primary human keratinocytes were transfected with formylpeptide receptor (FPR)1 or protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) small interfering RNA to examine the effects of these gene targets. The expressions of inflammasome NOD-like receptor (NLR)C4, epidermal barrier genes and inflammatory mediators were evaluated. RESULTS Mechanical (tape stripping), chemical (acetone) or genetic (filaggrin deficiency) barrier disruption in mice amplified the expression of proinflammatory genes, with transcriptomic profiling revealing overexpression of formylpeptide receptor (Fpr1) in the epidermis. Treatment with the FPR1 agonist fMLP in keratinocytes upregulated the expression of the NLRC4 inflammasome and increased interleukin-1β secretion through modulation of ER stress via the PERK-eIF2α-C/EBP homologous protein pathway. The activation of the FPR1-NLRC4 axis was also observed in skin specimens from old healthy individuals with skin barrier defect or elderly mice. Conversely, topical administration with a FPR1 antagonist, or Nlrc4 silencing, led to the normalization of barrier dysfunction and alleviation of inflammatory skin responses in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our findings show that the FPR1-NLRC4 inflammasome axis is activated upon skin barrier disruption and may explain exaggerated inflammatory responses that are observed in disease states characterized by epidermal dysfunction. Pharmacological inhibition of FPR1 or NLRC4 represents a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Tianyu Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710032, China
| | - William R Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yaxing Bai
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Jingyi Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Andrew Schuler
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yolanda Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital
| | | | | | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital
| | | | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital
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Raps S, Bahr L, Karkossa I, Rossol M, von Bergen M, Schubert K. Triclosan and its alternatives, especially chlorhexidine, modulate macrophage immune response with distinct modes of action. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169650. [PMID: 38159774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Since European regulators restricted the use of bacteriocidic triclosan (TCS), alternatives for TCS are emerging. Recently, TCS has been shown to reprogram immune metabolism, trigger the NLRP3 inflammasome, and subsequently the release of IL-1β in human macrophages, but data on substitutes is scarce. Hence, we aimed to examine the effects of TCS compared to its alternatives at the molecular level in human macrophages. LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages were exposed to TCS or its substitutes, including benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, chloroxylenol, chlorhexidine (CHX) and cetylpyridinium chloride, with the inhibitory concentration (IC10-value) of cell viability to decipher their mode of action. TCS induced the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF and high level of IL-1β, suggesting the activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome, which was confirmed by non-apparent IL-1β under the NLRP3-inhibitor MCC950 treatment d. While IL-6 release was reduced in all treatments, the alternative CHX completely abolished the release of all investigated cytokines. To unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms, we used untargeted LC-MS/MS-based proteomics. TCS and CHX showed the strongest cellular response at the protein and signalling pathway level, whereby pathways related to metabolism, translation, cellular stress and migration were mainly affected but to different proposed modes of action. TCS inhibited mitochondrial electron transfer and affected phagocytosis. In contrast, in CHX-treated cells, the translation was arrested due to stress conditions, resulting in the formation of stress granules. Mitochondrial (e.g. ATP5F1D, ATP5PB, UQCRQ) and ribosomal (e.g. RPL10, RPL35, RPS23) proteins were revealed as putative key drivers. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the formation of podosomes by CHX, potentially involved in ECM degradation. Our results exhibit modulation of the immune response in macrophages by TCS and its substitutes and illuminated underlying molecular effects. These results illustrate critical processes involved in the modulation of macrophages' immune response by TCS and its alternatives, providing information essential for hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Raps
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura Bahr
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Karkossa
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manuela Rossol
- Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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9
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Yang Y, Lu D, Wang M, Liu G, Feng Y, Ren Y, Sun X, Chen Z, Wang Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response: emerging regulators in progression of traumatic brain injury. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:156. [PMID: 38378666 PMCID: PMC10879178 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common trauma with high mortality and disability rates worldwide. However, the current management of this disease is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of TBI in depth to improve the treatment options. In recent decades, abundant evidence has highlighted the significance of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in advancing central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including TBI. ERS following TBI leads to the accumulation of unfolded proteins, initiating the unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) are the three major pathways of UPR initiation that determine whether a cell survives or dies. This review focuses on the dual effects of ERS on TBI and discusses the underlying mechanisms. It is suggested that ERS may crosstalk with a series of molecular cascade responses, such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, autophagy, and cell death, and is thus involved in the progression of secondary injury after TBI. Hence, ERS is a promising candidate for the management of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dengfeng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Menghan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yubo Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoou Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhouqing Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
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10
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Oyarbide U, Crane GM, Corey SJ. The metabolic basis of inherited neutropenias. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:45-55. [PMID: 38049194 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the shortest-lived blood cells, which requires a prodigious degree of proliferation and differentiation to sustain physiologically sufficient numbers and be poised to respond quickly to infectious emergencies. More than 107 neutrophils are produced every minute in an adult bone marrow-a process that is tightly regulated by a small group of cytokines and chemical mediators and dependent on nutrients and energy. Like granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, the primary growth factor for granulopoiesis, they stimulate signalling pathways, some affecting metabolism. Nutrient or energy deficiency stresses the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophils and their precursors. Thus, it is not surprising that monogenic disorders related to metabolism exist that result in neutropenia. Among these are pathogenic mutations in HAX1, G6PC3, SLC37A4, TAFAZZIN, SBDS, EFL1 and the mitochondrial disorders. These mutations perturb carbohydrate, lipid and/or protein metabolism. We hypothesize that metabolic disturbances may drive the pathogenesis of a subset of inherited neutropenias just as defects in DNA damage response do in Fanconi anaemia, telomere maintenance in dyskeratosis congenita and ribosome formation in Diamond-Blackfan anaemia. Greater understanding of metabolic pathways in granulopoiesis will identify points of vulnerability in production and may point to new strategies for the treatment of neutropenias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usua Oyarbide
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Genevieve M Crane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Seth J Corey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Stern LJ, Clement C, Galluzzi L, Santambrogio L. Non-mutational neoantigens in disease. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:29-40. [PMID: 38168954 PMCID: PMC11075006 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01664-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The ability of mammals to mount adaptive immune responses culminating with the establishment of immunological memory is predicated on the ability of the mature T cell repertoire to recognize antigenic peptides presented by syngeneic MHC class I and II molecules. Although it is widely believed that mature T cells are highly skewed towards the recognition of antigenic peptides originating from genetically diverse (for example, foreign or mutated) protein-coding regions, preclinical and clinical data rather demonstrate that novel antigenic determinants efficiently recognized by mature T cells can emerge from a variety of non-mutational mechanisms. In this Review, we describe various mechanisms that underlie the formation of bona fide non-mutational neoantigens, such as epitope mimicry, upregulation of cryptic epitopes, usage of non-canonical initiation codons, alternative RNA splicing, and defective ribosomal RNA processing, as well as both enzymatic and non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications. Moreover, we discuss the implications of the immune recognition of non-mutational neoantigens for human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Stern
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbiology Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Clement
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Carreras-Sureda A, Zhang X, Laubry L, Brunetti J, Koenig S, Wang X, Castelbou C, Hetz C, Liu Y, Frieden M, Demaurex N. The ER stress sensor IRE1 interacts with STIM1 to promote store-operated calcium entry, T cell activation, and muscular differentiation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113540. [PMID: 38060449 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) mediated by stromal interacting molecule (STIM)-gated ORAI channels at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) contact sites maintains adequate levels of Ca2+ within the ER lumen during Ca2+ signaling. Disruption of ER Ca2+ homeostasis activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to restore proteostasis. Here, we report that the UPR transducer inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) interacts with STIM1, promotes ER-PM contact sites, and enhances SOCE. IRE1 deficiency reduces T cell activation and human myoblast differentiation. In turn, STIM1 deficiency reduces IRE1 signaling after store depletion. Using a CaMPARI2-based Ca2+ genome-wide screen, we identify CAMKG2 and slc105a as SOCE enhancers during ER stress. Our findings unveil a direct crosstalk between SOCE and UPR via IRE1, acting as key regulator of ER Ca2+ and proteostasis in T cells and muscles. Under ER stress, this IRE1-STIM1 axis boosts SOCE to preserve immune cell functions, a pathway that could be targeted for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Loann Laubry
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Brunetti
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Koenig
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cyril Castelbou
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience (GERO), Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Maud Frieden
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demaurex
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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13
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Smolgovsky S, Bayer AL, Kaur K, Sanders E, Aronovitz M, Filipp ME, Thorp EB, Schiattarella GG, Hill JA, Blanton RM, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Alcaide P. Impaired T cell IRE1α/XBP1 signaling directs inflammation in experimental heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171874. [PMID: 37874641 PMCID: PMC10721145 DOI: 10.1172/jci171874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a widespread syndrome with limited therapeutic options and poorly understood immune pathophysiology. Using a 2-hit preclinical model of cardiometabolic HFpEF that induces obesity and hypertension, we found that cardiac T cell infiltration and lymphoid expansion occurred concomitantly with cardiac pathology and that diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and cardiac phospholamban phosphorylation were T cell dependent. Heart-infiltrating T cells were not restricted to cardiac antigens and were uniquely characterized by impaired activation of the inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/X-box-binding protein 1 (IRE1α/XBP1) arm of the unfolded protein response. Notably, selective ablation of XBP1 in T cells enhanced their persistence in the heart and lymphoid organs of mice with preclinical HFpEF. Furthermore, T cell IRE1α/XBP1 activation was restored after withdrawal of the 2 comorbidities inducing HFpEF, resulting in partial improvement of cardiac pathology. Our results demonstrated that diastolic dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in preclinical HFpEF were T cell dependent and that reversible dysregulation of the T cell IRE1α/XBP1 axis was a T cell signature of HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha Smolgovsky
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abraham L. Bayer
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erin Sanders
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mallory E. Filipp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward B. Thorp
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Gabriele G. Schiattarella
- Max Rubner Center for Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal Research (MRC), Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Translational Approaches in Heart Failure and Cardiometabolic Disease, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology) and
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert M. Blanton
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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Chen H, Xu N, Xu J, Zhang C, Li X, Xu H, Zhu W, Li J, Liang D, Zhou W. A risk signature based on endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated genes predicts prognosis and immunity in pancreatic cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1298077. [PMID: 38106991 PMCID: PMC10721979 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1298077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cancer biology is increasingly recognized, yet its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the impact of ER stress on prognosis and biological characteristics in PC patients. Methods: A bioinformatic analysis was conducted using RNA-seq data and clinicopathological information from PC patients in the TCGA and ICGC databases. The ER stress-associated gene sets were extracted from MSigDB. ER stress-associated genes closely linked with overall survival (OS) of PC patients were identified via log-rank test and univariate Cox analysis, and further narrowed by LASSO method. A risk signature associated with ER stress was formulated using multivariate Cox regression and assessed through Kaplan-Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and Harrell's concordance index. External validation was performed with the ICGC cohort. The single-sample gene-set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithm appraised the immune cell infiltration landscape. Results: Worse OS in PC patients with high-risk signature score was observed. Multivariate analysis underscored our ER stress-associated signature as a valuable and independent predictor of prognosis. Importantly, these results based on TCGA were further validated in ICGC dataset. In addition, our risk signature was closely associated with homeostasis, protein secretion, and immune regulation in PC patients. In particular, PC microenvironment in the high-risk cluster exhibited a more immunosuppressive status. At last, we established a nomogram model by incorporating the risk signature and clinicopathological parameters, which behaves better in predicting prognosis of PC patients. Discussion: This comprehensive molecular analysis presents a new predictive model for the prognosis of PC patients, highlighting ER stress as a potential therapeutic target. Besides, the findings indicate that ER stress can have effect modulating PC immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ning Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Wuhan Blood Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weixiong Zhu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Daoming Liang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Baechle JJ, Chen N, Makhijani P, Winer S, Furman D, Winer DA. Chronic inflammation and the hallmarks of aging. Mol Metab 2023; 74:101755. [PMID: 37329949 PMCID: PMC10359950 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic inflammation during aging, without overt infection, is defined as "inflammaging," which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in the aging population. Emerging evidence suggests a bidirectional and cyclical relationship between chronic inflammation and the development of age-related conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, cancer, and frailty. How the crosstalk between chronic inflammation and other hallmarks of aging underlies biological mechanisms of aging and age-related disease is thus of particular interest to the current geroscience research. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review integrates the cellular and molecular mechanisms of age-associated chronic inflammation with the other eleven hallmarks of aging. Extra discussion is dedicated to the hallmark of "altered nutrient sensing," given the scope of Molecular Metabolism. The deregulation of hallmark processes during aging disrupts the delicate balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling, leading to a persistent inflammatory state. The resultant chronic inflammation, in turn, further aggravates the dysfunction of each hallmark, thereby driving the progression of aging and age-related diseases. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The crosstalk between chronic inflammation and other hallmarks of aging results in a vicious cycle that exacerbates the decline in cellular functions and promotes aging. Understanding this complex interplay will provide new insights into the mechanisms of aging and the development of potential anti-aging interventions. Given their interconnectedness and ability to accentuate the primary elements of aging, drivers of chronic inflammation may be an ideal target with high translational potential to address the pathological conditions associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J Baechle
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Priya Makhijani
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn Winer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Argentina.
| | - Daniel A Winer
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, the Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Cellular & Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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