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Mendoza CS, Plowinske CR, Montgomery AC, Quinones GB, Banker G, Bentley M. Kinesin Regulation in the Proximal Axon is Essential for Dendrite-selective Transport. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar81. [PMID: 38598291 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-11-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurons are polarized and typically extend multiple dendrites and one axon. To maintain polarity, vesicles carrying dendritic proteins are arrested upon entering the axon. To determine whether kinesin regulation is required for terminating anterograde axonal transport, we overexpressed the dendrite-selective kinesin KIF13A. This caused mistargeting of dendrite-selective vesicles to the axon and a loss of dendritic polarity. Polarity was not disrupted if the kinase MARK2/Par1b was coexpressed. MARK2/Par1b is concentrated in the proximal axon, where it maintains dendritic polarity-likely by phosphorylating S1371 of KIF13A, which lies in a canonical 14-3-3 binding motif. We probed for interactions of KIF13A with 14-3-3 isoforms and found that 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ bound KIF13A. Disruption of MARK2 or 14-3-3 activity by small molecule inhibitors caused a loss of dendritic polarity. These data show that kinesin regulation is integral for dendrite-selective transport. We propose a new model in which KIF13A that moves dendrite-selective vesicles in the proximal axon is phosphorylated by MARK2. Phosphorylated KIF13A is then recognized by 14-3-3, which causes dissociation of KIF13A from the vesicle and termination of transport. These findings define a new paradigm for the regulation of vesicle transport by localized kinesin tail phosphorylation, to restrict dendrite-selective vesicles from entering the axon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Mendoza
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Cameron R Plowinske
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Andrew C Montgomery
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Geraldine B Quinones
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
| | - Gary Banker
- Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Marvin Bentley
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180
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2
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Sun P, Chen HC, Guo W, Zhang Z, Sun S, Gao N, Jing YH, Wang B. A ratiometric fluorescent probe revealing the abnormality of acetylated tau by visualizing polarity in Alzheimer's disease. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38770837 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00357h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal neuronal polarity leads to early deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by affecting the function of axons. Precise and rapid evaluation of polarity changes is very important for the early prevention and diagnosis of AD. However, due to the limitations of existing detection methods, the mechanism related to how neuronal polarity changes in AD is unclear. Herein, we reported a ratiometric fluorescent probe characterized by neutral molecule to disclose the polarity changes in nerve cells and the brain of APP/PS1 mice. Cy7-K showed a sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence response to polarity. Remarkably, unlike conventional intramolecular charge transfer fluorescent probes, the fluorescence quantum yield of Cy7-K in highly polar solvents is higher than that in low polar solvents due to the transition of neutral quinones to aromatic zwitterions. Using the ratiometric fluorescence imaging, we found that beta-amyloid protein (Aβ) inhibits the expression of histone deacetylase 6, thereby increasing the amount of acetylated Tau protein (AC-Tau) and ultimately enhancing cell polarity. There was a high correlation between polarity and AC-Tau. Furthermore, Cy7-K penetrated the blood-brain barrier to image the polarity of different brain regions and confirmed that APP/PS1 mice had higher polarity than Wild-type mice. The probe Cy7-K will be a promising tool for assessing the progression of AD development by monitoring polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Chen
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hong Jing
- Institute of Anatomy and Histology & Embryology, Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baodui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, People's Republic of China
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3
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Micinski D, Hotulainen P. Actin polymerization and longitudinal actin fibers in axon initial segment plasticity. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1376997. [PMID: 38799616 PMCID: PMC11120970 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1376997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The location of the axon initial segment (AIS) at the junction between the soma and axon of neurons makes it instrumental in maintaining neural polarity and as the site for action potential generation. The AIS is also capable of large-scale relocation in an activity-dependent manner. This represents a form of homeostatic plasticity in which neurons regulate their own excitability by changing the size and/or position of the AIS. While AIS plasticity is important for proper functionality of AIS-containing neurons, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of AIS plasticity are poorly understood. Here, we analyzed changes in the AIS actin cytoskeleton during AIS plasticity using 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM). We showed that the number of longitudinal actin fibers increased transiently 3 h after plasticity induction. We further showed that actin polymerization, especially formin mediated actin polymerization, is required for AIS plasticity and formation of longitudinal actin fibers. From the formin family of proteins, Daam1 localized to the ends of longitudinal actin fibers. These results indicate that active re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton is required for proper AIS plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Micinski
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- HiLIFE-Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirta Hotulainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Shi R, Ho XY, Tao L, Taylor CA, Zhao T, Zou W, Lizzappi M, Eichel K, Shen K. Stochastic growth and selective stabilization generate stereotyped dendritic arbors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.08.591205. [PMID: 38766073 PMCID: PMC11100716 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.08.591205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stereotyped dendritic arbors are shaped by dynamic and stochastic growth during neuronal development. It remains unclear how guidance receptors and ligands coordinate branch dynamic growth, retraction, and stabilization to specify dendritic arbors. We previously showed that extracellular ligand SAX-7/LICAM dictates the shape of the PVD sensory neuron via binding to the dendritic guidance receptor DMA-1, a single transmembrane adhesion molecule. Here, we perform structure-function analyses of DMA-1 and unexpectedly find that robust, stochastic dendritic growth does not require ligand-binding. Instead, ligand-binding inhibits growth, prevents retraction, and specifies arbor shape. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dendritic growth requires a pool of ligand-free DMA-1, which is maintained by receptor endocytosis and reinsertion to the plasma membrane via recycling endosomes. Mutants defective of DMA-1 endocytosis show severely truncated dendritic arbors. We present a model in which ligand-free guidance receptor mediates intrinsic, stochastic dendritic growth, while extracellular ligands instruct dendrite shape by inhibiting growth.
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Zhao R, Ren B, Xiao Y, Tian J, Zou Y, Wei J, Qi Y, Hu A, Xie X, Huang ZJ, Shu Y, He M, Lu J, Tai Y. Axo-axonic synaptic input drives homeostatic plasticity by tuning the axon initial segment structurally and functionally. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.589005. [PMID: 38659885 PMCID: PMC11042219 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.589005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity maintains the stability of functional brain networks. The axon initial segment (AIS), where action potentials start, undergoes dynamic adjustment to exert powerful control over neuronal firing properties in response to network activity changes. However, it is poorly understood whether this plasticity involves direct synaptic input to the AIS. Here we show that changes of GABAergic synaptic input from chandelier cells (ChCs) drive homeostatic tuning of the AIS of principal neurons (PNs) in the prelimbic (PL) region, while those from parvalbumin-positive basket cells do not. This tuning is evident in AIS morphology, voltage-gated sodium channel expression, and PN excitability. Moreover, the impact of this homeostatic plasticity can be reflected in animal behavior. Social behavior, inversely linked to PL PN activity, shows time-dependent alterations tightly coupled to changes in AIS plasticity and PN excitability. Thus, AIS-originated homeostatic plasticity in PNs may counteract deficits elicited by imbalanced ChC presynaptic input at cellular and behavioral levels. Teaser Axon initial segment dynamically responds to changes in local input from chandelier cells to prevent abnormal neuronal functions.
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Wang M, Li H, Qian Y, Zhao S, Wang H, Wang Y, Yu T. The lncRNA lnc_AABR07044470.1 promotes the mitochondrial-damaged inflammatory response to neuronal injury via miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis in acute ischemic stroke. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:412. [PMID: 38466466 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the role of lnc_AABR07044470.1 on the occurrence and development of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and neuronal injury by targeting the miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis to find a novel clinical drug target and prediction and treatment of AIS. METHODS The mouse AIS animal model was used in vivo experiments and hypoxia/reoxygenation cell model in vitro was established. Firstly, infarction volume and pathological changes of mouse hippocampal neurons were detected using HE staining. Secondly, rat primary neuron apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry assay. The numbers of neuron, microglia and astrocytes were detected using immunofluorescence (IF). Furthermore, binding detection was performed by bioinformatics database and double luciferase reporter assay. Lnc_AABR07044470.1 localization was performed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).Lnc_AABR07044470.1, miR-214-3pand PERM1mRNA expression was performed using RT-qPCR. NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and PERM1 protein expression was performed using Western blotting. IL-1β was detected by ELISA assay. RESULTS Mouse four-vessel occlusion could easily establish the animal model, and AIS animal model had an obvious time-dependence. HE staining showed that, compared with the sham group, infarction volume and pathological changes of mouse hippocampal neurons were deteriorated in the model group. Furthermore, compared with the sham group, neurons were significantly reduced, while microglia and astrocytes were significantly activated. Moreover, the bioinformatics prediction and detection of double luciferase reporter confirmed the binding site of lnc_AABR07044470.1 to miR-214-3p and miR-214-3p to Perm1. lnc_AABR07044470.1 and PERM1 expression was significantly down-regulated and miR-214-3pexpression was significantly up-regulated in AIS animal model in vivo. At the same time, the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β was significantly up-regulated in vivo and in vitro. The over-expression of lnc_AABR07044470.1 and miR-214-3p inhibitor could inhibit the neuron apoptosis and the expression of inflammasome NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and up-regulate the expression of PERM1 in vitro. Finally, over-expression of lnc_AABR07044470.1 and miR-214-3p inhibitor transfected cell model was significant in relieving the AIS and neuronal injury. CONCLUSION Lnc_AABR07044470.1 promotes inflammatory response to neuronal injury via miR-214-3p/PERM1 axis in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Qian
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300380, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Bekku Y, Zotter B, You C, Piehler J, Leonard WJ, Salzer JL. Glia trigger endocytic clearance of axonal proteins to promote rodent myelination. Dev Cell 2024; 59:627-644.e10. [PMID: 38309265 PMCID: PMC11089820 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Axons undergo striking changes in their content and distribution of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) and ion channels during myelination that underlies the switch from continuous to saltatory conduction. These changes include the removal of a large cohort of uniformly distributed CAMs that mediate initial axon-Schwann cell interactions and their replacement by a subset of CAMs that mediate domain-specific interactions of myelinated fibers. Here, using rodent models, we examine the mechanisms and significance of this removal of axonal CAMs. We show that Schwann cells just prior to myelination locally activate clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) in axons, thereby driving clearance of a broad array of axonal CAMs. CAMs engineered to resist endocytosis are persistently expressed along the axon and delay both PNS and CNS myelination. Thus, glia non-autonomously activate CME in axons to downregulate axonal CAMs and presumptively axo-glial adhesion. This promotes the transition from ensheathment to myelination while simultaneously sculpting the formation of axonal domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Bekku
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Brendan Zotter
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Changjiang You
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry and Center for Cellular Nanoanalytics, Osnabrück University, Barbarastr. 11, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James L Salzer
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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8
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Wodrich APK, Harris BT, Giniger E. Changes in mitochondrial distribution occur at the axon initial segment in association with neurodegeneration in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.14.580288. [PMID: 38405730 PMCID: PMC10888798 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.580288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Changes in mitochondrial distribution are a feature of numerous age-related neurodegenerative diseases. In Drosophila, reducing the activity of Cdk5 causes a neurodegenerative phenotype and is known to affect several mitochondrial properties. Therefore, we investigated whether alterations of mitochondrial distribution are involved in Cdk5-associated neurodegeneration. We find that reducing Cdk5 activity does not alter the balance of mitochondrial localization to the somatodendritic vs. axonal neuronal compartments of the mushroom body, the learning and memory center of the Drosophila brain. We do, however, observe changes in mitochondrial distribution at the axon initial segment (AIS), a neuronal compartment located in the proximal axon involved in neuronal polarization and action potential initiation. Specifically, we observe that mitochondria are partially excluded from the AIS in wild-type neurons, but that this exclusion is lost upon reduction of Cdk5 activity, concomitant with the shrinkage of the AIS domain that is known to occur in this condition. This mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is not likely due to the shortening of the AIS domain itself but rather due to altered Cdk5 activity. Furthermore, mitochondrial redistribution into the AIS is unlikely to be an early driver of neurodegeneration in the context of reduced Cdk5 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. K. Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Brent T. Harris
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
- Department of Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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9
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Siete C, Xiong R, Khalid A, Hsieh YW, Chuang CF. Immobilization of C. elegans with different concentrations of an anesthetic for time-lapse imaging of dynamic protein trafficking in neurons. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.001069. [PMID: 38298463 PMCID: PMC10828889 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Here we compare the percentage of anterograde and retrograde trafficking events as well as the average velocity of these events in worms immobilized with microbeads or 0.5-7.5 mM tetramisole. Our results show that the percentage and average velocity of TIR-1 ::GFP moving events in the C. elegans AWC axons are not significantly different between worms immobilized with 7.5 mM tetramisole and other conditions. Our results suggest that 7.5 mM tetramisole, compared to 0.5 mM, 1 mM, and 2 mM tetramisole, does not have a significant effect on the axonal transport of TIR-1 ::GFP along the AWC axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Siete
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Anaam Khalid
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Yi-Wen Hsieh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Chiou-Fen Chuang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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10
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Zhang W, Fu Y, Peng L, Ogawa Y, Ding X, Rasband A, Zhou X, Shelly M, Rasband MN, Zou P. Immunoproximity biotinylation reveals the axon initial segment proteome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8201. [PMID: 38081810 PMCID: PMC10713531 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The axon initial segment (AIS) is a specialized neuronal compartment required for action potential generation and neuronal polarity. However, understanding the mechanisms regulating AIS structure and function has been hindered by an incomplete knowledge of its molecular composition. Here, using immuno-proximity biotinylation we further define the AIS proteome and its dynamic changes during neuronal maturation. Among the many AIS proteins identified, we show that SCRIB is highly enriched in the AIS both in vitro and in vivo, and exhibits a periodic architecture like the axonal spectrin-based cytoskeleton. We find that ankyrinG interacts with and recruits SCRIB to the AIS. However, loss of SCRIB has no effect on ankyrinG. This powerful and flexible approach further defines the AIS proteome and provides a rich resource to elucidate the mechanisms regulating AIS structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Fu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Luxin Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Maya Shelly
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Peng Zou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, PKU-Tsinghua Center for Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), Beijing, 102206, China.
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11
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Banerjee T, Matsuoka S, Biswas D, Miao Y, Pal DS, Kamimura Y, Ueda M, Devreotes PN, Iglesias PA. A dynamic partitioning mechanism polarizes membrane protein distribution. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7909. [PMID: 38036511 PMCID: PMC10689845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is widely regarded as the hub of the numerous signal transduction activities. Yet, the fundamental biophysical mechanisms that spatiotemporally compartmentalize different classes of membrane proteins remain unclear. Using multimodal live-cell imaging, here we first show that several lipid-anchored membrane proteins are consistently depleted from the membrane regions where the Ras/PI3K/Akt/F-actin network is activated. The dynamic polarization of these proteins does not depend upon the F-actin-based cytoskeletal structures, recurring shuttling between membrane and cytosol, or directed vesicular trafficking. Photoconversion microscopy and single-molecule measurements demonstrate that these lipid-anchored molecules have substantially dissimilar diffusion profiles in different regions of the membrane which enable their selective segregation. When these diffusion coefficients are incorporated into an excitable network-based stochastic reaction-diffusion model, simulations reveal that the altered affinity mediated selective partitioning is sufficient to drive familiar propagating wave patterns. Furthermore, normally uniform integral and lipid-anchored membrane proteins partition successfully when membrane domain-specific peptides are optogenetically recruited to them. We propose "dynamic partitioning" as a new mechanism that can account for large-scale compartmentalization of a wide array of lipid-anchored and integral membrane proteins during various physiological processes where membrane polarizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsat Banerjee
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Satomi Matsuoka
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuchuan Miao
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dhiman Sankar Pal
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yoichiro Kamimura
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ueda
- Laboratory for Cell Signaling Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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12
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von Mikecz A. Elegant Nematodes Improve Our Understanding of Human Neuronal Diseases, the Role of Pollutants and Strategies of Resilience. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16755-16763. [PMID: 37874738 PMCID: PMC10634345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are rising globally. The role of environmental pollution in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. Thus, this perspective advocates exposome research in C. elegans models of human diseases. The models express amyloid proteins such as Aβ, recapitulate the degeneration of specifically vulnerable neurons and allow for correlated neurobehavioral phenotyping throughout the entire life span of the nematode. Neurobehavioral traits like locomotion gaits, rigidity, or cognitive decline are quantifiable and carefully mimic key aspects of the human diseases. Underlying molecular pathways of neurodegeneration are elucidated in pollutant-exposed C. elegans Alzheimer's or Parkinson's models by transcriptomics (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry-based proteomics and omics addressing other biochemical traits. Validation of the identified disease pathways can be achieved by genome-wide association studies in matching human cohorts. A consistent One Health approach includes isolation of nematodes from contaminated sites and their comparative investigation by imaging, neurobehavioral profiling and single worm proteomics. C. elegans models of neurodegenerative diseases are likewise well-suited for high throughput methods that provide a promising strategy to identify resilience pathways of neurosafety and keep up with the number of pollutants, nonchemical exposome factors, and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna von Mikecz
- IUF − Leibniz Research Institute
of Environmental Medicine GmbH, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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Koban F, Freissmuth M. The cell cycle protein MAD2 facilitates endocytosis of the serotonin transporter in the neuronal soma. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e53408. [PMID: 37530743 PMCID: PMC10561363 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine transporters retrieve serotonin (SERT), dopamine (DAT), and norepinephrine (NET) from the synaptic cleft. Transporter internalization contributes to the regulation of their surface expression. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins requires adaptor protein-2 (AP2), which recruits cargo to the nascent clathrin cage. However, the intracellular portions of monoamine transporters are devoid of a conventional AP2-binding site. Here, we identify a MAD2 (mitotic arrest deficient-2) interaction motif in the C-terminus of SERT, which binds the closed conformation of MAD2 and allows for the recruitment of two additional mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins, BubR1 and p31comet , and of AP2. We visualize MAD2, BubR1, and p31comet in dorsal raphe neurons, and depletion of MAD2 in primary serotonergic rat neurons decreases SERT endocytosis in the soma. Our findings do not only provide mechanistic insights into transporter internalization but also allow for rationalizing why SAC proteins are present in post-mitotic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Koban
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Freissmuth
- Institute of Pharmacology and the Gaston H. Glock Research Laboratories for Exploratory Drug Development, Center of Physiology and PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Fréal A, Jamann N, Ten Bos J, Jansen J, Petersen N, Ligthart T, Hoogenraad CC, Kole MH. Sodium channel endocytosis drives axon initial segment plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3885. [PMID: 37713493 PMCID: PMC10881073 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Activity-dependent plasticity of the axon initial segment (AIS) endows neurons with the ability to adapt action potential output to changes in network activity. Action potential initiation at the AIS highly depends on the clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels, but the molecular mechanisms regulating their plasticity remain largely unknown. Here, we developed genetic tools to label endogenous sodium channels and their scaffolding protein, to reveal their nanoscale organization and longitudinally image AIS plasticity in hippocampal neurons in slices and primary cultures. We find that N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor activation causes both long-term synaptic depression and rapid internalization of AIS sodium channels within minutes. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis of sodium channels at the distal AIS increases the threshold for action potential generation. These data reveal a fundamental mechanism for rapid activity-dependent AIS reorganization and suggests that plasticity of intrinsic excitability shares conserved features with synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Fréal
- Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nora Jamann
- Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jolijn Ten Bos
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Jansen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Naomi Petersen
- Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thijmen Ligthart
- Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper C. Hoogenraad
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maarten H. P. Kole
- Axonal Signaling Group, Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy for Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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15
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Xu X, Li H, Lu S, Shen Y. Roles of syntaphilin and armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 1 in brain injury after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosci Lett 2023; 809:137300. [PMID: 37187340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Studies have indicated that neuronal mitochondrial injury may be involved in the brain injury caused by intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Syntaphilin (SNPH) is associated with mitochondrial anchoring and Armadillo repeat-containing X-linked protein 1 (Armcx1) is linked to mitochondrial transport. This study aimed to analyze the contribution of SNPH and Armcx1 to the neuronal damage resulting from ICH. Primary cultured neuron cells were exposed to oxygenated hemoglobin to replicate the effects of ICH stimulation, while a mouse model of ICH was established by injecting autoblood into the basal ganglia. Specific SNPH knockout or Armcx1 overexpression in neurons is achieved by stereolocalization injection of adeno-associated virus vectors carrying hsyn specific promoters. First, it was confirmed that there is a correlation between SNPH/Armcx1 and ICH pathology, as evidenced by the rise of SNPH and the decrease of Armcx1 in neurons exposed to ICH both in vitro and in vivo. Second, our research revealed the protective effects of SNPH knockdown and Armcx1 overexpression on brain cell death around the hematoma in mice. In addition, the efficacy of SNPH knockdown and Armcx1 overexpression in improving neurobehavioral deficits was also demonstrated in mouse ICH model. Thus, moderate adjusting the levels of SNPH and Armcx1 may be an effective way to improve the outcome of ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215100, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shiqi Lu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou 215002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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16
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Lefebvre-Omar C, Liu E, Dalle C, d'Incamps BL, Bigou S, Daube C, Karpf L, Davenne M, Robil N, Jost Mousseau C, Blanchard S, Tournaire G, Nicaise C, Salachas F, Lacomblez L, Seilhean D, Lobsiger CS, Millecamps S, Boillée S, Bohl D. Neurofilament accumulations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients' motor neurons impair axonal initial segment integrity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:150. [PMID: 37184603 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most common motor neuron (MN) disease in adults with no curative treatment. Neurofilament (NF) level in patient' fluids have recently emerged as the prime biomarker of ALS disease progression, while NF accumulation in MNs of patients is the oldest and one of the best pathological hallmarks. However, the way NF accumulations could lead to MN degeneration remains unknown. To assess NF accumulations and study the impact on MNs, we compared MNs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) of patients carrying mutations in C9orf72, SOD1 and TARDBP genes, the three main ALS genetic causes. We show that in all mutant MNs, light NF (NF-L) chains rapidly accumulate in MN soma, while the phosphorylated heavy/medium NF (pNF-M/H) chains pile up in axonal proximal regions of only C9orf72 and SOD1 MNs. Excitability abnormalities were also only observed in these latter MNs. We demonstrate that the integrity of the MN axonal initial segment (AIS), the region of action potential initiation and responsible for maintaining axonal integrity, is impaired in the presence of pNF-M/H accumulations in C9orf72 and SOD1 MNs. We establish a strong correlation between these pNF-M/H accumulations, an AIS distal shift, increased axonal calibers and modified repartition of sodium channels. The results expand our understanding of how NF accumulation could dysregulate components of the axonal cytoskeleton and disrupt MN homeostasis. With recent cumulative evidence that AIS alterations are implicated in different brain diseases, preserving AIS integrity could have important therapeutic implications for ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Lefebvre-Omar
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elise Liu
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carine Dalle
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Lamotte d'Incamps
- Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, Saints-Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Bigou
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Clément Daube
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Léa Karpf
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marc Davenne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Coline Jost Mousseau
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Blanchard
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1115, Unité Biothérapies pour les Maladies Neurodégénératives, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Tournaire
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1115, Unité Biothérapies pour les Maladies Neurodégénératives, Paris, France
| | | | - François Salachas
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Centre de Référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Lucette Lacomblez
- Département de Neurologie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Centre de Référence SLA Ile de France, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Seilhean
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Département de Neuropathologie, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Millecamps
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Bohl
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau-Paris Brain Institute-ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.
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17
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Banerjee T, Matsuoka S, Biswas D, Miao Y, Pal DS, Kamimura Y, Ueda M, Devreotes PN, Iglesias PA. A dynamic partitioning mechanism polarizes membrane protein distribution. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522496. [PMID: 36712016 PMCID: PMC9881856 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane is widely regarded as the hub of the signal transduction network activities that drives numerous physiological responses, including cell polarity and migration. Yet, the symmetry breaking process in the membrane, that leads to dynamic compartmentalization of different proteins, remains poorly understood. Using multimodal live-cell imaging, here we first show that multiple endogenous and synthetic lipid-anchored proteins, despite maintaining stable tight association with the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane, were unexpectedly depleted from the membrane domains where the signaling network was spontaneously activated such as in the new protrusions as well as within the propagating ventral waves. Although their asymmetric patterns resembled those of standard peripheral "back" proteins such as PTEN, unlike the latter, these lipidated proteins did not dissociate from the membrane upon global receptor activation. Our experiments not only discounted the possibility of recurrent reversible translocation from membrane to cytosol as it occurs for weakly bound peripheral membrane proteins, but also ruled out the necessity of directed vesicular trafficking and cytoskeletal supramolecular structure-based restrictions in driving these dynamic symmetry breaking events. Selective photoconversion-based protein tracking assays suggested that these asymmetric patterns instead originate from the inherent ability of these membrane proteins to "dynamically partition" into distinct domains within the plane of the membrane. Consistently, single-molecule measurements showed that these lipid-anchored molecules have substantially dissimilar diffusion profiles in different regions of the membrane. When these profiles were incorporated into an excitable network-based stochastic reaction-diffusion model of the system, simulations revealed that our proposed "dynamic partitioning" mechanism is sufficient to give rise to familiar asymmetric propagating wave patterns. Moreover, we demonstrated that normally uniform integral and lipid-anchored membrane proteins in Dictyostelium and mammalian neutrophil cells can be induced to partition spatiotemporally to form polarized patterns, by optogenetically recruiting membrane domain-specific peptides to these proteins. Together, our results indicate "dynamic partitioning" as a new mechanism of plasma membrane organization, that can account for large-scale compartmentalization of a wide array of lipid-anchored and integral membrane proteins in different physiological processes.
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18
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Grimaud B, Frétaud M, Terras F, Bénassy A, Duroure K, Bercier V, Trippé-Allard G, Mohammedi R, Gacoin T, Del Bene F, Marquier F, Langevin C, Treussart F. In Vivo Fast Nonlinear Microscopy Reveals Impairment of Fast Axonal Transport Induced by Molecular Motor Imbalances in the Brain of Zebrafish Larvae. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20470-20487. [PMID: 36459488 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cargo transport by molecular motors along microtubules is essential for the function of eukaryotic cells, in particular neurons in which axonal transport defects constitute the early pathological features of neurodegenerative diseases. Mainly studied in motor and sensory neurons, axonal transport is still difficult to characterize in neurons of the brain in absence of appropriate in vivo tools. Here, we measured fast axonal transport by tracing the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) nanocrystals (nanoKTP) endocytosed by brain neurons of zebrafish (Zf) larvae. Thanks to the optical translucency of Zf larvae and to the perfect photostability of nanoKTP SHG, we achieved a high scanning speed of 20 frames (of ≈90 μm × 60 μm size) per second in Zf brain. We focused our study on endolysosomal vesicle transport in axons of known polarization, separately analyzing kinesin and dynein motor-driven displacements. To validate our assay, we used either loss-of-function mutations of dynein or kinesin 1 or the dynein inhibitor dynapyrazole and quantified several transport parameters. We successfully demonstrated that dynapyrazole reduces the nanoKTP mobile fraction and retrograde run length consistently, while the retrograde run length increased in kinesin 1 mutants. Taking advantage of nanoKTP SHG directional emission, we also quantified fluctuations of vesicle orientation. Thus, by combining endocytosis of nanocrystals having a nonlinear response, fast two-photon microscopy, and high-throughput analysis, we are able to finely monitor fast axonal transport in vivo in the brain of a vertebrate and reveal subtle axonal transport alterations. The high spatiotemporal resolution achieved in our model may be relevant to precisely investigate axonal transport impairment associated with disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Grimaud
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maxence Frétaud
- INRAE, IERP, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350Jouy-ens-Josas, France
- INRAE, VIM, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Feriel Terras
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Antoine Bénassy
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karine Duroure
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, 75012Paris, France
| | - Valérie Bercier
- Center for Brain and Disease Research, Laboratory of Neurobiology, VIB, 3000Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rabei Mohammedi
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Gacoin
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Filippo Del Bene
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, 75012Paris, France
| | - François Marquier
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - François Treussart
- ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, LuMIn, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Bar L, Shalom L, Lezmy J, Peretz A, Attali B. Excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal neurons differ in their homeostatic adaptation to chronic M-channel modulation. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:972023. [PMID: 36311018 PMCID: PMC9614320 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.972023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of studies has investigated bidirectional homeostatic plasticity both in vitro and in vivo using numerous pharmacological manipulations of activity or behavioral paradigms. However, these experiments rarely explored in the same cellular system the bidirectionality of the plasticity and simultaneously on excitatory and inhibitory neurons. M-channels are voltage-gated potassium channels that play a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability and plasticity. In cultured hippocampal excitatory neurons, we previously showed that chronic exposure to the M-channel blocker XE991 leads to adaptative compensations, thereby triggering at different timescales intrinsic and synaptic homeostatic plasticity. This plastic adaptation barely occurs in hippocampal inhibitory neurons. In this study, we examined whether this homeostatic plasticity induced by M-channel inhibition was bidirectional by investigating the acute and chronic effects of the M-channel opener retigabine on hippocampal neuronal excitability. Acute retigabine exposure decreased excitability in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons. Chronic retigabine treatment triggered in excitatory neurons homeostatic adaptation of the threshold current and spontaneous firing rate at a time scale of 4–24 h. These plastic changes were accompanied by a substantial decrease in the M-current density and by a small, though significant, proximal relocation of Kv7.3-FGF14 segment along the axon initial segment. Thus, bidirectional homeostatic changes were observed in excitatory neurons though not symmetric in kinetics and mechanisms. Contrastingly, in inhibitory neurons, the compensatory changes in intrinsic excitability barely occurred after 48 h, while no homeostatic normalization of the spontaneous firing rate was observed. Our results indicate that excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal neurons differ in their adaptation to chronic alterations in neuronal excitability induced by M-channel bidirectional modulation.
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