1
|
Jamwal A, Colomb F, McSorley HJ, Higgins MK. Structural basis for IL-33 recognition and its antagonism by the helminth effector protein HpARI2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5226. [PMID: 38890291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
IL-33 plays a significant role in inflammation, allergy, and host defence against parasitic helminths. The model gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri secretes the Alarmin Release Inhibitor HpARI2, an effector protein that suppresses protective immune responses and asthma in its host by inhibiting IL-33 signalling. Here we reveal the structure of HpARI2 bound to mouse IL-33. HpARI2 contains three CCP-like domains, and we show that it contacts IL-33 primarily through the second and third of these. A large loop which emerges from CCP3 directly contacts IL-33 and structural comparison shows that this overlaps with the binding site on IL-33 for its receptor, ST2, preventing formation of a signalling complex. Truncations of HpARI2 which lack the large loop from CCP3 are not able to block IL-33-mediated signalling in a cell-based assay and in an in vivo female mouse model of asthma. This shows that direct competition between HpARI2 and ST2 is responsible for suppression of IL-33-dependent responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Jamwal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Florent Colomb
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Matthew K Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yeh YW, Xiang Z. Mouse hygiene status-A tale of two environments for mast cells and allergy. Allergol Int 2024; 73:58-64. [PMID: 37673735 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models, including those employing the use of house mice (Mus musculus), are crucial in elucidating mechanisms in human pathophysiology. However, it is evident that the impreciseness of using laboratory mice maintained in super-hygienic barrier facilities to mirror relevant aspects of human physiology and pathology exists, which is a major limitation in translating mouse findings to inferring human medicine. Interestingly, free-living wild mice are found to be substantially different from laboratory-bred, specific pathogen-free mice with respect to various immune system compartments. Wild mice have an immune system that better reflects human immunity. In this review article, we discuss recent experimental findings that address the so-called "wild immunology", which reveals the contrasting immune features between laboratory-raised mice and their wild companions as well as laboratory mice that have been exposed to a natural rodent habitat. A particular focus will be given to the development of pulmonary mast cells and its possible impact on the use of "naturalized" or "rewilded" laboratory mice as experimental asthma models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Yeh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zou Xiang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu H, Yi X, Cui Z, Li H, Zhu L, Zhang L, Chen J, Fan X, Zhou P, Li MJ, Yu Y, Liu Q, Huang D, Yao Z, Zhou J. Maternal antibiotic exposure enhances ILC2 activation in neonates via downregulation of IFN1 signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8332. [PMID: 38097561 PMCID: PMC10721923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota have an important function in shaping and priming neonatal immunity, although the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain obscure. Here we report that prenatal antibiotic exposure causes significant elevation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in neonatal lungs, in both cell numbers and functionality. Downregulation of type 1 interferon signaling in ILC2s due to diminished production of microbiota-derived butyrate represents the underlying mechanism. Mice lacking butyrate receptor GPR41 (Gpr41-/-) or type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 (Ifnar1-/-) recapitulate the phenotype of neonatal ILC2s upon maternal antibiotic exposure. Furthermore, prenatal antibiotic exposure induces epigenetic changes in ILC2s and has a long-lasting deteriorative effect on allergic airway inflammation in adult offspring. Prenatal supplementation of butyrate ameliorates airway inflammation in adult mice born to antibiotic-exposed dams. These observations demonstrate an essential role for the microbiota in the control of type 2 innate immunity at the neonatal stage, which suggests a therapeutic window for treating asthma in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Xu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhaohai Cui
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - JiaLe Chen
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xutong Fan
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
- Department of Neonatology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Neonatal Intestinal Diseases, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martin MD, Skon-Hegg C, Kim CY, Xu J, Kucaba TA, Swanson W, Pierson MJ, Williams JW, Badovinac VP, Shen SS, Ingersoll MA, Griffith TS. CD115 + monocytes protect microbially experienced mice against E. coli-induced sepsis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113345. [PMID: 38111515 PMCID: PMC10727454 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is a primary organism responsible for urinary tract infections and a common cause of sepsis. Microbially experienced laboratory mice, generated by cohousing with pet store mice, exhibit increased morbidity and mortality to polymicrobial sepsis or lipopolysaccharide challenge. By contrast, cohoused mice display significant resistance, compared with specific pathogen-free mice, to a monomicrobial sepsis model using UPEC. CD115+ monocytes mediate protection in the cohoused mice, as depletion of these cells leads to increased mortality and UPEC pathogen burden. Further study of the cohoused mice reveals increased TNF-α production by monocytes, a skewing toward Ly6ChiCD115+ "classical" monocytes, and enhanced egress of Ly6ChiCD115+ monocytes from the bone marrow. Analysis of cohoused bone marrow also finds increased frequency and number of myeloid multipotent progenitor cells. These results show that a history of microbial exposure impacts innate immunity in mice, which can have important implications for the preclinical study of sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Cara Skon-Hegg
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Caleb Y. Kim
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Julie Xu
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tamara A. Kucaba
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Whitney Swanson
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mark J. Pierson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Vladimir P. Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Molly A. Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thomas S. Griffith
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Lead contact
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma J, Urgard E, Runge S, Classon CH, Mathä L, Stark JM, Cheng L, Álvarez JA, von Zedtwitz S, Baleviciute A, Martinez Hoyer S, Li M, Gernand AM, Osbelt L, Bielecka AA, Lesker TR, Huang HJ, Vrtala S, Boon L, Beyaert R, Adner M, Martinez Gonzalez I, Strowig T, Du J, Nylén S, Rosshart SP, Coquet JM. Laboratory mice with a wild microbiota generate strong allergic immune responses. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadf7702. [PMID: 37774008 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adf7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Allergic disorders are caused by a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. The hygiene hypothesis postulates that early-life microbial exposures impede the development of subsequent allergic disease. Recently developed "wildling" mice are genetically identical to standard laboratory specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice but are housed under seminatural conditions and have rich microbial exposures from birth. Thus, by comparing conventional SPF mice with wildlings, we can uncouple the impact of lifelong microbial exposures from genetic factors on the allergic immune response. We found that wildlings developed larger populations of antigen-experienced T cells than conventional SPF mice, which included interleukin-10-producing CD4 T cells specific for commensal Lactobacilli strains and allergy-promoting T helper 2 (TH2) cells. In models of airway exposure to house dust mite (HDM), recombinant interleukin-33, or Alternaria alternata, wildlings developed strong allergic inflammation, characterized by eosinophil recruitment, goblet cell metaplasia, and antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE responses. Wildlings developed robust de novo TH2 cell responses to incoming allergens, whereas preexisting TH2 cells could also be recruited into the allergic immune response in a cytokine-driven and TCR-independent fashion. Thus, wildling mice, which experience diverse and lifelong microbial exposures, were not protected from developing pathological allergic immune responses. Instead, wildlings mounted robust allergic responses to incoming allergens, shedding new light on the hygiene hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Egon Urgard
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Centre, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Solveig Runge
- Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Cajsa H Classon
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Mathä
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julian M Stark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqin Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javiera A Álvarez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia von Zedtwitz
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Austeja Baleviciute
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergio Martinez Hoyer
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muzhen Li
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Marleen Gernand
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Osbelt
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Agata Anna Bielecka
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Till R Lesker
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Huey-Jy Huang
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Vrtala
- Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology, and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mikael Adner
- Institute of Environmental Medicine and Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Itziar Martinez Gonzalez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Till Strowig
- Department of Microbial Immune Regulation, Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), a joint venture between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Nylén
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan P Rosshart
- Department of Microbiome Research, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Coquet
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Centre, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thio CLP, Chang YJ. The modulation of pulmonary group 2 innate lymphoid cell function in asthma: from inflammatory mediators to environmental and metabolic factors. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1872-1884. [PMID: 37696890 PMCID: PMC10545775 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated type 2 immune response is one of the fundamental causes of allergic asthma. Although Th2 cells are undoubtedly central to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, the discovery of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has added another layer of complexity to the etiology of this chronic disease. Through their inherent innate type 2 responses, ILC2s not only contribute to the initiation of airway inflammation but also orchestrate the recruitment and activation of other members of innate and adaptive immunity, further amplifying the inflammatory response. Moreover, ILC2s exhibit substantial cytokine plasticity, as evidenced by their ability to produce type 1- or type 17-associated cytokines under appropriate conditions, underscoring their potential contribution to nonallergic, neutrophilic asthma. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of ILC2 functions is pertinent. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge on ILC2s in asthma and the regulatory factors that modulate lung ILC2 functions in various experimental mouse models of asthma and in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ya-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei City, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang C, Du Z, Li R, Luo Y, Zhu C, Ding N, Lei A. Interferons as negative regulators of ILC2s in allergic lung inflammation and respiratory viral infections. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:947-959. [PMID: 37414870 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), characterized by a lack of antigen receptors, have been regarded as an important component of type 2 pulmonary immunity. Analogous to Th2 cells, ILC2s are capable of releasing type 2 cytokines and amphiregulin, thus playing an essential role in a variety of diseases, such as allergic diseases and virus-induced respiratory diseases. Interferons (IFNs), an important family of cytokines with potent antiviral effects, can be triggered by microbial products, microbial exposure, and pathogen infections. Interestingly, the past few years have witnessed encouraging progress in revealing the important role of IFNs and IFN-producing cells in modulating ILC2 responses in allergic lung inflammation and respiratory viral infections. This review underscores recent progress in understanding the role of IFNs and IFN-producing cells in shaping ILC2 responses and discusses disease phenotypes, mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in the context of allergic lung inflammation and infections with viruses, including influenza virus, rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Du
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ranhui Li
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cuiming Zhu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Aihua Lei
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molofsky AB, Locksley RM. The ins and outs of innate and adaptive type 2 immunity. Immunity 2023; 56:704-722. [PMID: 37044061 PMCID: PMC10120575 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immunity is orchestrated by a canonical group of cytokines primarily produced by innate lymphoid cells, group 2, and their adaptive counterparts, CD4+ helper type 2 cells, and elaborated by myeloid cells and antibodies that accumulate in response. Here, we review the cytokine and cellular circuits that mediate type 2 immunity. Building from insights in cytokine evolution, we propose that innate type 2 immunity evolved to monitor the status of microbe-rich epithelial barriers (outside) and sterile parenchymal borders (inside) to meet the functional demands of local tissue, and, when necessary, to relay information to the adaptive immune system to reinforce demarcating borders to sustain these efforts. Allergic pathology likely results from deviations in local sustaining units caused by alterations imposed by environmental effects during postnatal developmental windows and exacerbated by mutations that increase vulnerabilities. This framework positions T2 immunity as central to sustaining tissue repair and regeneration and provides a context toward understanding allergic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ari B Molofsky
- Department of Lab Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0451, USA
| | - Richard M Locksley
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0795, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Gillet L, Machiels B. Shaping of the alveolar landscape by respiratory infections and long-term consequences for lung immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1149015. [PMID: 37081878 PMCID: PMC10112541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections and especially viral infections, along with other extrinsic environmental factors, have been shown to profoundly affect macrophage populations in the lung. In particular, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are important sentinels during respiratory infections and their disappearance opens a niche for recruited monocytes (MOs) to differentiate into resident macrophages. Although this topic is still the focus of intense debate, the phenotype and function of AMs that recolonize the niche after an inflammatory insult, such as an infection, appear to be dictated in part by their origin, but also by local and/or systemic changes that may be imprinted at the epigenetic level. Phenotypic alterations following respiratory infections have the potential to shape lung immunity for the long-term, leading to beneficial responses such as protection against allergic airway inflammation or against other infections, but also to detrimental responses when associated with the development of immunopathologies. This review reports the persistence of virus-induced functional alterations in lung macrophages, and discusses the importance of this imprinting in explaining inter-individual and lifetime immune variation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Umetsu DT. Understanding microorganisms in the prevention of allergy. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1657-1658. [PMID: 36414720 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dale T Umetsu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University; Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|