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Hakki SS, Bozkurt SB, Sculean A, Božić D. Hyaluronic acid enhances cell migration, viability, and mineralized tissue-specific genes in cementoblasts. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:63-73. [PMID: 38069670 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It has been repeatedly demonstrated that cementum formation is a crucial step in periodontal regeneration. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an important component of the extracellular matrix which regulates cells functions and cell-cell communication. Hyaluronic acid/derivatives have been used in regenerative periodontal therapy, but the cellular effects of HA are still unknown. To investigate the effects of HA on cementoblast functions, cell viability, migration, mineralization, differentiation, and mineralized tissue-associated genes and cementoblast-specific markers of the cementoblasts were tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cementoblasts (OCCM-30) were treated with various dilutions (0, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64, 1:128) of HA and examined for cell viability, migration, mineralization, and gene expressions. The mRNA expressions of osteocalcin (OCN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), bone sialoprotein (BSP), collagen type I (COL-I), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), cementum protein-1 (CEMP-1), cementum attachment protein (CAP), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) -1, 2, 3, 6, 7, β-catenin (Ctnnb1) were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Total RNA was isolated on days 3 and 8, and cell viability was determined using MTT assay on days 1 and 3. The cell mineralization was evaluated by von Kossa staining on day 8. Cell migration was assessed 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours following exposure to HA dilutions using an in vitro wound healing assay (0, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8). RESULTS At dilution of 1:2 to 1:128, HA importantly increased cell viability (p < .01). HA at a dilution of 1/2 increased wound healing rates after 4 h compared to the other dilutions and the untreated control group. Increased numbers of mineralized nodules were determined at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 compared with control group. mRNA expressions of mineralized tissue marker including COL-I, BSP, RunX2, ALP, and OCN significantly improved by HA treatments compared with control group both on 3 days and on 8 days (p < .01). Smad 2, Smad 3, Smad 7, and β-catenin (Ctnnb1) mRNAs were up-regulated, while Smad1 and Smad 6 were not affected by HA administration. Additionally, HA at dilutions of 1:2, 1:4, and 1:8 remarkably enhanced CEMP-1 and CAP expressions in a dilution- and time-dependent manner (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS The present results have demonstrated that HA affected the expression of both mineralized tissue markers and cementoblast-specific genes. Positive effects of HA on the cementoblast functions demonstrated that HA application may play a key role in cementum regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema S Hakki
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serife Buket Bozkurt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Darko Božić
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University Clinical hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
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Arai M, Ochi H, Sunamura S, Ito N, Nangaku M, Takeda S, Sato S. A Novel Long Noncoding RNA in Osteocytes Regulates Bone Formation through the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13633. [PMID: 37686441 PMCID: PMC10488071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of transcribed RNAs are noncoding RNAs. Among noncoding RNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which contain hundreds to thousands of bases, have received attention in many fields. The vast majority of the constituent cells in bone tissue are osteocytes, but their regulatory mechanisms are incompletely understood. Considering the wide range of potential contributions of lncRNAs to physiological processes and pathological conditions, we hypothesized that lncRNAs in osteocytes, which have not been reported, could be involved in bone metabolism. Here, we first isolated osteocytes from femurs of mice with osteocyte-specific GFP expression. Then, through RNA-sequencing, we identified osteocyte-specific lncRNAs and focused on a novel lncRNA, 9530026P05Rik (lncRNA953Rik), which strongly suppressed osteogenic differentiation. In the IDG-SW3 osteocyte line with lncRNA953Rik overexpression, the expression of Osterix and its downstream genes was reduced. RNA pull-down and subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that lncRNA953Rik bound the nuclear protein CCAR2. We demonstrated that CCAR2 promoted Wnt/β-catenin signaling and that lncRNA953Rik inhibited this pathway. lncRNA953Rik sequestered CCAR2 from HDAC1, leading to deacetylation of H3K27 in the Osterix promoter and consequent transcriptional downregulation of Osterix. This research is the first to clarify the role of a lncRNA in osteocytes. Our findings can pave the way for novel therapeutic options targeting lncRNAs in osteocytes to treat bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Arai
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Rehabilitation for Motor Functions, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa 359-8555, Japan
| | - Satoko Sunamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
- Osteoporosis Center, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nangaku
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shu Takeda
- Division of Endocrinology, Toranomon Hospital Endocrine Center, Tokyo 105-8470, Japan
| | - Shingo Sato
- Center for Innovative Cancer Treatment, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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3
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Wang Y, Gan Y, Dong Y, Zhou J, Zhu E, Yuan H, Li X, Wang B. Tax1 binding protein 3 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:950-961. [PMID: 36892460 PMCID: PMC10064035 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tax1 binding protein 3 (Tax1bp3) is a PDZ domain-containing protein that is overexpressed in cancer. Previous studies recognized Tax1bp3 as an inhibitor of β-catenin. Till now it is not known whether Tax1bp3 regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells. In the current study, the data showed that Tax1bp3 was expressed in bone and was increased in the progenitor cells when induced toward osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of Tax1bp3 in the progenitor cells inhibited osteogenic differentiation and conversely stimulated adipogenic differentiation, and the knockdown of Tax1bp3 affected the differentiation of the progenitor cells oppositely. Ex vivo experiments using the primary calvarial osteoblasts from osteoblast-specific Tax1bp3 knock-in mice also demonstrated the anti-osteogenic and pro-adipogenic function of Tax1bp3. Mechanistic investigations revealed that Tax1bp3 inhibited the activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)/Smads signalling pathways. Taken together, the current study has provided evidences demonstrating that Tax1bp3 inactivates Wnt/β-catenin and BMPs/Smads signalling pathways and reciprocally regulates osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation from mesenchymal progenitor cells. The inactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling may be involved in the reciprocal role of Tax1bp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Ying Gan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuan Dong
- College of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Endong Zhu
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hairui Yuan
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- College of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Baoli Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Lab of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien‐I Memorial Hospital & Institute of EndocrinologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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4
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Choi H, Yang L, Liu Y, Jeong JK, Cho ES. Inactivation of Sufu in cementoblasts accelerates external tooth root resorption. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:447-458. [PMID: 36598878 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cementum has been empirically regarded as an antiresorptive barrier against tooth roots. However, little is known about the factors of homeostasis and resistant mechanisms of tooth roots against resorption. Here, we investigated cementum factors and their interaction against resorption using transgenic mice exhibiting external cervical root resorption (ECRR). Ectopically thickened cervical cementum caused by functional inactivation of ectonucleotide pyrophosphotase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1) was susceptible to ECRR with aging. In addition, the inactivation of the suppressor of fused (Sufu), a Hedgehog signaling inhibitor, in cementoblasts led to ECRR. Interestingly, concurrent inactivation of Sufu and Enpp1 in cementoblasts remarkably exacerbated ECRR with higher Rankl expression. Cellular and molecular analyses using cementoblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages indicated that Dickkopf-related protein 1 (Dkk1) induced by the inactivation of Sufu in cementoblasts has roles in the acceleration of ECRR triggered by Enpp1 inactivation. Using compound mutant mice for concurrent Wntless and Enpp1 inactivation, this synergistic cooperation of Dkk1 and Npp1 for resorption found in double mutant Sufu and Enpp1 mice was confirmed by the reproduction of amplified ECRR. On the basis of these findings, we conclude that proper Npp1 function and sustained Wnt activity in the cervical cementum are essential for the homeostasis of tooth roots against resorption in a physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Liu Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, South Korea
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5
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Park MJ, Kim E, Jeong YS, Son MY, Jang Y, Ka KH. Determination and Analysis of Hyper-Variable A Mating Types in Wild Strains of Lentinula edodes in Korea. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:26-35. [PMID: 36846627 PMCID: PMC9946336 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2161157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The diversity of A mating type in wild strains of Lentinula edodes was extensively analyzed to characterize and utilize them for developing new cultivars. One hundred twenty-three A mating type alleles, including 67 newly discovered alleles, were identified from 106 wild strains collected for the past four decades in Korea. Based on previous studies and current findings, a total of 130 A mating type alleles have been found, 124 of which were discovered from wild strains, indicating the hyper-variability of A mating type alleles of L. edodes. About half of the A mating type alleles in wild strains were found in more than two strains, whereas the other half of the alleles were found in only one strain. About 90% of A mating type combinations in dikaryotic wild strains showed a single occurrence. Geographically, diverse A mating type alleles were intensively located in the central region of the Korean peninsula, whereas only allele A17 was observed throughout Korea. We also found the conservation of the TCCCAC motif in addition to the previously reported motifs, including ATTGT, ACAAT, and GCGGAG, in the intergenic regions of A mating loci. Sequence comparison among some alleles indicated that accumulated mutation and recombination would contribute to the diversification of A mating type alleles in L. edodes. Our data support the rapid evolution of A mating locus in L. edodes, and would help to understand the characteristics of A mating loci of wild strains in Korea and help to utilize them for developing new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jeong Park
- Forest Microbiology Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Forest Microbiology Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeun Sug Jeong
- Forest Microbiology Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Forest Microbiology Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yeongseon Jang
- Forest Microbiology Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kang-Hyeon Ka
- Forest Microbiology Division, Department of Forest Bio-Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Korea
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6
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Choi H, Yang L, Liu Y, Jeong JK, Cho ES. Npp1 prevents external tooth root resorption by regulation of cervical cementum integrity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21158. [PMID: 36477209 PMCID: PMC9729310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth roots embedded in the alveolar bone do not typically undergo resorption while the bone continues remodeling in its physiological state. In this study, we analyzed genetically modified mice with the functional inactivation of nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 (Npp1), encoded by ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (Enpp1). This mutation leads to the formation of ectopic cervical cementum vulnerable to external tooth root resorption. Cementoblasts with the inactivation of Enpp1 extensively expressed non-collagenous matrix proteins enriched with bone sialoprotein (Bsp), dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp1), and osteopontin (Opn), which have roles in mineralization through nucleation and in cell adhesion through the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif. In cementoblasts with the inactivation of Enpp1, β-catenin was significantly activated and induced the expression of these non-collagenous matrix proteins. In addition, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the most preferred substrate of Npp1, accumulated extracellularly and autocrinally induced the expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (Rankl) in cementoblasts with inactivated Npp1. Consequently, these results strongly suggest that functional Npp1 preserves cervical cementum integrity and supports the anti-resorptive properties of tooth roots through ATP homeostasis in the physiological state of cervical cementum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Liu Yang
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- grid.411545.00000 0004 0470 4320Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology, Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, 567 Baekje-Daero, Deokjin-Gu, Jeonju, 54896 South Korea
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7
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Chan NT, Lee MS, Wang Y, Galipeau J, Li WJ, Xu W. CTR9 drives osteochondral lineage differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via epigenetic regulation of BMP-2 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadc9222. [PMID: 36383652 PMCID: PMC9668309 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc9222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell fate determination of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) is precisely regulated by lineage-specific transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes. We found that CTR9, a key scaffold subunit of polymerase-associated factor complex (PAFc), selectively regulates hMSC differentiation to osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but not to adipocytes. An in vivo ectopic osteogenesis assay confirmed the essentiality of CTR9 in hMSC-derived bone formation. CTR9 counteracts the activity of Enhancer Of Zeste 2 (EZH2), the epigenetic enzyme that deposits H3K27me3, in hMSCs. Accordingly, CTR9 knockdown (KD) hMSCs gain H3K27me3 mark, and the osteogenic differentiation defects of CTR9 KD hMSCs can be partially rescued by treatment with EZH2 inhibitors. Transcriptome analyses identified bone morphology protein-2 (BMP-2) as a downstream effector of CTR9. BMP-2 secretion, membrane anchorage, and the BMP-SMAD pathway were impaired in CTR9 KD MSCs, and the effects were rescued by BMP-2 supplementation. This study uncovers an epigenetic mechanism engaging the CTR9-H3K27me3-BMP-2 axis to regulate the osteochondral lineage differentiation of hMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngai Ting Chan
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Ming-Song Lee
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Yidan Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Hu Y, Li H. Biological mechanism of surgery-mediated acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement: A narrative review. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221123904. [PMID: 36124927 PMCID: PMC9511313 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221123904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery-mediated acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (SAOTM) has been proven effective for decades. Research has confirmed that surgical approaches play an important role in adult patients with a short orthodontic treatment time. The mechanism of SAOTM involves short-term acceleration of localized hard and soft tissue remodeling, known as the regional acceleratory phenomenon. However, no relevant review on the biological mechanism of SAOTM has been performed to date. The proposed biological mechanism of acceleration of OTM involves the participation of various cells, cytokines, and signaling pathways. We herein review the relevant literature and summarize the biological mechanism of SAOTM to provide new insights for further research on acceleration of OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hegang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Liu S, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Liu Y, Peng S, Cao Z, Xia H. Bmal1 promotes cementoblast differentiation and cementum mineralization via Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151868. [PMID: 35183881 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Remodeling of the cementum plays a crucial role in periodontal regenerative therapy, while the precise mechanism of cementogenesis has yet been adequately understood. Recent studies have indicated the connection between osteogenic differentiation and Brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1 (Bmal1). Besides, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is proven to be an essential regulator in cementogenesis. In this study, we found a robust expression of Bmal1 in cementoblasts in the mandibular first molar of mice by immunohistochemical staining. To further explore the role of Bmal1 in cementogenesis, we examined the expression pattern of Bmal1 in OCCM-30, an immortalized murine cementoblast cell line by qRT-PCR and western blot. Our data demonstrated the upregulation of Bmal1 at both mRNA and protein levels during differentiation. Additionally, stable knockdown of Bmal1 in OCCM-30 cells resulted in downregulation of osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (Alp), osteopontin (Opn), and osteocalcin (Ocn), and reduced formation of mineralized nodules. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blot results exhibited that the expression of β-catenin was attenuated by Bmal1 deficiency. We also found that the mRNA levels of Tcf1 and Lef1, the target transcription factors of β-catenin, were reduced by Bmal1 deficiency. In conclusion, this study preliminarily confirms that Bmal1 promotes cementoblast differentiation and cementum mineralization via Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which contributes to a potential strategy in periodontal regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei - MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China.
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Erdenebat T, Lee DJ, Kim SJ, Choi YJ, Kim EJ, Choi EH, Liu J, Hwang CJ, Jung HS, Cha JY. Effect of the Number of Micro-Osteoperforations on the Rate of Tooth Movement and Periodontal Response in Mice. Front Physiol 2022; 13:837094. [PMID: 35309083 PMCID: PMC8928525 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.837094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accelerated tooth movement can be achieved using micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) to stimulate regeneration of the alveolar bone during minimally invasive surgical trauma. However, there is currently no standardized protocol and limited reports regarding the side effects of MOPs based on biological evidence. This study sought to evaluate the biological effects of the number of MOPs on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the potential risk for root resorption. Male CD1 mice were divided into 4 groups based on the number of MOPs, as follows: Sham; 0MOP+OTM; 2MOP+OTM; and 4MOP+OTM groups. Tooth movement distance and the number of osteoclasts were higher whereas bone volume and trabecular number were lower in the 4MOP+OTM group compared to those of the 0MOP+OTM group. Immunofluorescent assay analysis indicated that the 4MOP+OTM group was positively associated with rapid cementum regeneration and periodontal ligament tissue formation. Our findings revealed that the MOP procedure affected tooth movement and did not significantly contribute to root resorption, whereas it may promote constitutive activation of cementogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tselmuun Erdenebat
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Jung Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jeong Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hack Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chung-Ju Hwang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Han-Sung Jung,
| | - Jung-Yul Cha
- Department of Orthodontics, The Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Jung-Yul Cha,
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González-Quintanilla D, Abásolo N, Astudillo P. Wnt Signaling in Periodontal Disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.763308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and chronic condition associated with the formation of a dysbiotic biofilm, leading to a pro-inflammatory environment that can modulate cell signaling. The Wnt pathway plays fundamental roles during homeostasis and disease, and emerging evidence suggests its involvement in the maintenance of the periodontium and the development of periodontitis. Here, we summarize the role of the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in periodontitis. The accumulated data suggests specific roles for each branch of the Wnt pathway. Wnt5a emerges as a critical player promoting periodontal ligament remodeling and impairing regenerative responses modulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as alveolar bone formation. Collectively, the evidence suggests that achieving a proper balance between the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical pathways, rather than their independent modulation, might contribute to controlling the progression and severity of the periodontal disease.
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12
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Choi JB, Lee J, Kang M, Kim B, Ju Y, Do HS, Yoo HW, Lee BH, Han YM. Dysregulated ECM remodeling proteins lead to aberrant osteogenesis of Costello syndrome iPSCs. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1985-1998. [PMID: 34242618 PMCID: PMC8365028 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Costello syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in HRAS. Although CS patients have skeletal abnormalities, the role of mutated HRAS in bone development remains unclear. Here, we use CS induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) undergoing osteogenic differentiation to investigate how dysregulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling proteins contributes to impaired osteogenesis. Although CS patient-derived iPSCs develop normally to produce mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the resulting CS MSCs show defective osteogenesis with reduced alkaline phosphatase activity and lower levels of bone mineralization. We found that hyperactivation of SMAD3 signaling during the osteogenic differentiation of CS MSCs leads to aberrant expression of ECM remodeling proteins such as MMP13, TIMP1, and TIMP2. CS MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation also show reduced β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of TIMPs permits normal differentiation of CS MSCs into osteoblasts and enhances β-catenin signaling in a RUNX2-independent manner. Thus, this study demonstrates that enhanced TIMP expression induced by hyperactivated SMAD3 signaling impairs the osteogenic development of CS MSCs via an inactivation of β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bin Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyong Kang
- Department of Urology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumsoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Ju
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sang Do
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Wook Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center Children's Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Mahn Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Yu G, Shen P, Lee YC, Pan J, Song JH, Pan T, Lin SC, Liang X, Wang G, Panaretakis T, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE, Yu-Lee LY, Lin SH. Multiple pathways coordinating reprogramming of endothelial cells into osteoblasts by BMP4. iScience 2021; 24:102388. [PMID: 33981975 PMCID: PMC8086028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell type transition occurs during normal development and under pathological conditions. In prostate cancer bone metastasis, prostate cancer-secreted BMP4 induces endothelial cell-to-osteoblast (EC-to-OSB) transition. Such tumor-induced stromal reprogramming supports prostate cancer progression. We delineate signaling pathways mediating EC-to-OSB transition using EC lines 2H11 and SVR. We found that BMP4-activated pSmad1-Notch-Hey1 pathway inhibits EC migration and tube formation. BMP4-activated GSK3β-βcatenin-Slug pathway stimulates Osx expression. In addition, pSmad1-regulated Dlx2 converges with the Smad1 and β-catenin pathways to stimulate osteocalcin expression. By co-expressing Osx, Dlx2, Slug and Hey1, we were able to achieve EC-to-OSB transition, leading to bone matrix mineralization in the absence of BMP4. In human prostate cancer bone metastasis specimens and MDA-PCa-118b and C4-2b-BMP4 osteogenic xenografts, immunohistochemical analysis showed that β-catenin and pSmad1 are detected in activated osteoblasts rimming the tumor-induced bone. Our results elucidated the pathways and key molecules coordinating prostate cancer-induced stromal programming and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Shen
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jian H. Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tianhong Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gary E. Gallick
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA,Corresponding author
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14
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Yang S, Choi H, Kim TH, Jeong JK, Liu Y, Harada H, Cho ES. Cell dynamics in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath are regulated by β-catenin activity during tooth root development. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:5387-5398. [PMID: 33377198 PMCID: PMC8048837 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
β‐catenin, a key mediator of Wnt signaling, plays multiple roles in tooth development. However, the role of β‐catenin in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) during root formation remains unclear. In this study, we generated inducible tissue‐specific β‐catenin conditional knockout mice (Ctnnb1i∆shh) to investigate how β‐catenin in HERS affects tooth root development. The inactivation of β‐catenin in HERS led to interrupted root elongation due to premature disruption of HERS. This phenotype was accompanied by reduced cell‐cell adhesion and decreased expression of junctional proteins, as well as increased epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition of HERS cells upon β‐catenin depletion. Accordingly, stabilization of β‐catenin in HERS (Catnbi∆shh) led to the formation of unfragmented HERS and resulted in the failure of HERS dissociation, with increased expression of junctional proteins. Our results suggest that fine control of β‐catenin is important for HERS to guide root formation through regulating its structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqin Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tak-Heun Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Kyung Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hidemitsu Harada
- Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Japan
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Jeonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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15
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Turkkahraman H, Yuan X, Salmon B, Chen CH, Brunski JB, Helms JA. Root resorption and ensuing cementum repair by Wnt/β-catenin dependent mechanism. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:16-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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16
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Baranova J, Büchner D, Götz W, Schulze M, Tobiasch E. Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4031. [PMID: 32512908 PMCID: PMC7312198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Baranova
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes 748, Vila Universitária, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Dominik Büchner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Werner Götz
- Oral Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital of the University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstraße 17, 53111 Bonn, NRW, Germany;
| | - Margit Schulze
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Edda Tobiasch
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, von-Liebig-Straße 20, 53359 Rheinbach, NRW, Germany; (D.B.); (M.S.)
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17
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Choi H, Liu Y, Yang L, Cho ES. Suppression of Hedgehog signaling is required for cementum apposition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7285. [PMID: 32350360 PMCID: PMC7190817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a broad role in the development of many organs including bone and teeth. It is noted that sustained Hh activity in osteoblasts negatively regulates postnatal development in mice. However, it remains unknown whether Hh signaling contributes to cementum formation. In this study, to define the roles of Hh signaling in cementum formation, we analyzed two kinds of transgenic mouse models for Hh signaling activation designed by the inactivation of Suppressor of Fused (Sufu), a negative regulator of Hh signaling, (SufuOC) and a forced endogenous activation of Smo (SmoM2OC) under the control of osteocalcin (OC) promoter-driven Cre recombinase. Interestingly, cellular cementum apposition was remarkably reduced in both mutants. Consistently, matrix formation and mineralization ability were down-regulated in OCCM-30, a cementoblast cell line, following treatment with a pharmaceutical Smo agonist. In addition, reductions in Osx expression and β-catenin activity, which are critical for cellular cementum formation, were also detected in vitro. Furthermore, the compound mutant mice designed for the stabilization of β-catenin with both Hh-Smo signaling activation in cementoblasts revealed a complete restoration of defective cellular cementum. In addition, Wnt antagonists such as Sostdc1 and Dkk1 were also induced by Smo activation and played a role in the reduction of Osx expression and β-catenin activity. Collectively, our data demonstrated that Hh signaling negatively regulates cementum apposition in a Wnt/β-catenin/Osx-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju, 54896, South Korea.
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18
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Maxillary incisor root morphology in patients with nonsyndromic tooth agenesis: A controlled cross-sectional pilot study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 157:212-217. [PMID: 32005473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the association between root morphology of maxillary incisors and nonsyndromic tooth agenesis in patients compared with a control group without agenesis. METHODS This controlled cross-sectional pilot study (1:4) was performed with a random sample of 335 records from Brazilian applicants for orthodontic treatment, paired by sex and age. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were analyzed to diagnose tooth agenesis and to assess root morphology. The agenesis group (n = 67) included patients with nonsyndromic tooth agenesis, and the control group (n = 268) included patients without tooth agenesis. The statistical analysis included the Student t test and z test, conditional logistic regression, and odds ratio estimates. RESULTS Occurrence of root morphological changes was significantly higher among patients with agenesis (P <0.05). Significant morphological changes (short, blunt, apically bent, and pipette-shaped roots) were found in the roots of remaining teeth when comparing agenesis and control groups (P <0.05). Patients with agenesis were more likely to show root morphological changes (odds ratio, 74.23; 95% confidence interval, 16.93-325.46; P <0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with agenesis are more likely to present root morphological changes, which should be considered to minimize problems during orthodontic treatments.
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Gao X, Zheng J, Tu S, Cai B, Zeng R, Xiang L. Role of osteoprotegerin in the regulation of dental epithelial‑mesenchymal signaling during tooth development. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3035-3042. [PMID: 31432164 PMCID: PMC6755199 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental epithelial-mesenchymal signaling is crucial for tooth development, but the detailed mechanism is not fully understood. Using microarray analysis, it was revealed that the expression of osteoprotegerin, an important factor regulating bone remodeling, significantly increased after removal of the dental epithelium. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that osteoprotegerin expression within the dental mesenchyme was quite low during the prenatal period, but significantly increased after birth. To investigate the influence of osteoprotegerin upon tooth development, first-molar tooth germs from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) Chinese Kunming mice were treated with different concentrations of osteoprotegerin. It was revealed that osteoprotegerin could inhibit the expression of odontogenic markers while promoting the expression of osteogenic markers, thereby disrupting tooth morphogenesis. These findings were further supported by in vitro and in vivo cultures. Finally, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence studies revealed that, after osteoprotegerin treatment, the activity of the wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway increased, indicating that increased osteoprotegerin expression in prenatal tooth development could lead to uncontrolled upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Junming Zheng
- Research Management Office, Foshan Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqin Tu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cai
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Rongsheng Zeng
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Lusai Xiang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Choi H, Liu Y, Jeong JK, Kim TH, Cho ES. Antagonistic interactions between osterix and pyrophosphate during cementum formation. Bone 2019; 125:8-15. [PMID: 31059863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
During cementum formation, the key roles of osterix (Osx) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), mainly controlled by nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1 (Npp1; encoded by the Enpp1 gene) and progressive ankylosis protein (Ank), have been demonstrated by animal models displaying altered cementum formation. In this study, we analyzed the relationship of Osx and local PPi during cementum formation using compound mutant mice with their wildtype and corresponding single gene mutants. Importantly, functional defects in PPi regulation led to the induction of Osx expression at the cervical cementum as demonstrated by Enpp1 mutant mice and cementoblasts with the retroviral transduction of small hairpin RNA for Enpp1 or Ank. Conversely, cementoblasts exposed to inorganic PPi or with the enforced expression of Enpp1 or Ank reduced Osx expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the loss of Osx induced the higher expression of Npp1 and Ank at the apical region of the developing tooth root as observed in Osx-deficient mice. The activity of PPi-generating ectoenzymes (nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, NTPPPHase) and the level of extracellular PPi were significantly increased in Osx-knockdown cementoblasts. However, the formation of ectopic cervical cementum was not completely diminished by inactivation of Osx in Enpp1 mutant mice. In addition, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1 (Fgfr1) was strongly localized in cementoblasts lining the acellular cementum and involved in the inhibitory regulation of matrix accumulation and further mineralization by supporting PPi production. Taken together, these results suggest that local PPi suppresses matrix accumulation and further mineralization through an antagonistic interaction with Osx under the synergistic influence of FGF signaling during cementum formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwajung Choi
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Yudong Liu
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Ju-Kyeong Jeong
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Tak-Heun Kim
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 54896, South Korea
| | - Eui-Sic Cho
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences, Chonbuk National University School of Dentistry, Jeonju 54896, South Korea.
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21
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Wu Y, Yuan X, Perez KC, Hyman S, Wang L, Pellegrini G, Salmon B, Bellido T, Helms JA. Aberrantly elevated Wnt signaling is responsible for cementum overgrowth and dental ankylosis. Bone 2019; 122:176-183. [PMID: 30408613 PMCID: PMC6559382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate teeth are attached to the jawbones using a variety of methods but in mammals, a fibrous connection is the norm. This fibrous periodontal ligament (PDL) allows teeth to move in the jawbones in response to natural eruptive forces, mastication, and orthodontic tooth movement. In some disease states the PDL either calcifies or is replaced by a mineralized tissue and the result is ankylosis, where the tooth is fused to the alveolar bone. To understand how the PDL maintains this fibrous state, we examined a strain of mice in which tooth movement is arrested. DaβcatOt mice express a stabilized form of β-catenin in DMP1-positive alveolar bone osteocytes and cementocytes, which results in elevated Wnt signaling throughout the periodontium. As a consequence, there is an accrual of massive amounts of cellular cementum and alveolar bone, the PDL itself calcifies and teeth become ankylosed. These data suggest that to maintain its fibrous nature, Wnt signaling must normally be repressed in the PDL space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Orthodontic Department, Stomatology Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Disease and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory, Chongqing 401147, China; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xue Yuan
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristy C Perez
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sydnee Hyman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liao Wang
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gretel Pellegrini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- Paris Descartes University - Sorbonne Paris Cité, EA 2496 - Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies Lab and Dental Medicine Department, Bretonneau Hospital, HUPNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Teresita Bellido
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Indiana University School of Medicine and Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46022, USA
| | - Jill A Helms
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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22
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Osterix functions downstream of anti-Müllerian hormone signaling to regulate Müllerian duct regression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8382-8387. [PMID: 30061417 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721793115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the developing reproductive tract primordium of male and female fetuses consists of the Wolffian duct and the Müllerian duct (MD), two epithelial tube pairs surrounded by mesenchyme. During male development, mesenchyme-epithelia interactions mediate MD regression to prevent its development into a uterus, oviduct, and upper vagina. It is well established that transforming growth factor-β family member anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) secreted from the fetal testis and its type 1 and 2 receptors expressed in MD mesenchyme regulate MD regression. However, little is known about the molecular network regulating downstream actions of AMH signaling. To identify potential AMH-induced genes and regulatory networks controlling MD regression in a global nonbiased manner, we examined transcriptome differences in MD mesenchyme between males (AMH signaling on) and females (AMH signaling off) by RNA-seq analysis of purified fetal MD mesenchymal cells. This analysis found 82 genes up-regulated in males during MD regression and identified Osterix (Osx)/Sp7, a key transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, as a downstream effector of AMH signaling during MD regression. Osx/OSX was expressed in a male-specific pattern in MD mesenchyme during MD regression. OSX expression was lost in mutant males without AMH signaling. In addition, transgenic mice ectopically expressing human AMH in females induced a male pattern of Osx expression. Together, these results indicate that AMH signaling is necessary and sufficient for Osx expression in the MD mesenchyme. In addition, MD regression was delayed in Osx-null males, identifying Osx as a factor that regulates MD regression.
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The art of building bone: emerging role of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in endochondral ossification. Bone Res 2018. [PMID: 29928541 DOI: 10.1038/s41413‐018‐0021‐z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a worldwide epidemic of skeletal diseases causing not only a public health issue but also accounting for a sizable portion of healthcare expenditures. The vertebrate skeleton is known to be formed by mesenchymal cells condensing into tissue elements (patterning phase) followed by their differentiation into cartilage (chondrocytes) or bone (osteoblasts) cells within the condensations. During the growth and remodeling phase, bone is formed directly via intramembranous ossification or through a cartilage to bone conversion via endochondral ossification routes. The canonical pathway of the endochondral bone formation process involves apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes followed by vascular invasion that brings in osteoclast precursors to remove cartilage and osteoblast precursors to form bone. However, there is now an emerging role for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in the endochondral ossification process. Although the concept of "transdifferentiation" per se is not recent, new data using a variety of techniques to follow the fate of chondrocytes in different bones during embryonic and post-natal growth as well as during fracture repair in adults have identified three different models for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation (direct transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation to redifferentiation, and chondrocyte to osteogenic precursor). This review focuses on the emerging models of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation and their implications for the treatment of skeletal diseases as well as the possible signaling pathways that contribute to chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation processes.
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Aghajanian P, Mohan S. The art of building bone: emerging role of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in endochondral ossification. Bone Res 2018; 6:19. [PMID: 29928541 PMCID: PMC6002476 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-018-0021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a worldwide epidemic of skeletal diseases causing not only a public health issue but also accounting for a sizable portion of healthcare expenditures. The vertebrate skeleton is known to be formed by mesenchymal cells condensing into tissue elements (patterning phase) followed by their differentiation into cartilage (chondrocytes) or bone (osteoblasts) cells within the condensations. During the growth and remodeling phase, bone is formed directly via intramembranous ossification or through a cartilage to bone conversion via endochondral ossification routes. The canonical pathway of the endochondral bone formation process involves apoptosis of hypertrophic chondrocytes followed by vascular invasion that brings in osteoclast precursors to remove cartilage and osteoblast precursors to form bone. However, there is now an emerging role for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation in the endochondral ossification process. Although the concept of "transdifferentiation" per se is not recent, new data using a variety of techniques to follow the fate of chondrocytes in different bones during embryonic and post-natal growth as well as during fracture repair in adults have identified three different models for chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation (direct transdifferentiation, dedifferentiation to redifferentiation, and chondrocyte to osteogenic precursor). This review focuses on the emerging models of chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation and their implications for the treatment of skeletal diseases as well as the possible signaling pathways that contribute to chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Aghajanian
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California USA
| | - Subburaman Mohan
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Veterans Affairs Loma Linda Healthcare System, Loma Linda, California USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California USA
- Department of Orthopedics, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California USA
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Wnt3a promotes differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into cementoblast-like cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2018; 54:468-476. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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