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Cheng Y, Chen K, He D, He Y, Lei Y, Sun Y. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of the Rhizosphere of Lycium barbarum L. from Four Main Producing Areas in Northwest China and Their Effect on Plant Growth. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:286. [PMID: 38667957 PMCID: PMC11050802 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help plants absorb more mineral nutrients after they colonize plant roots, and the mycelia harmonize the soil structure and physical and chemical properties by secreting compounds. AMF species co-evolve with their habitat's geographic conditions and hosts; this gradually causes differences in the AMF species. By using Melzer's reagent to analyze the morphology and using Illumina Miseq sequencing technology to perform the molecular identification of AMF communities among the four typical L. barbarum planting areas (Zhongning, Guyuan, Jinghe, and Dulan) investigated, the variety of L. barbarum roots and rhizosphere AMF communities was greater in the Zhongning area, and every region additionally had endemic species. The successfully amplified AMF was re-applied to the L. barbarum seedlings. We found that the total dry weight and accumulation of potassium increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the root volume and number of root branches were significantly higher in the plants that were inoculated with Paraglomus VTX00375 in the pot experiment, indicating that AMF improves root development and promotes plant growth. We have investigated AMF germplasm species in four regions, and we are committed to the development of native AMF resources. The multiplication and application of AMF will be conducive to realizing the potential role of biology in the maintenance of agroecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Cheng
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Kaili Chen
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Dalun He
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Yaling He
- College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Yonghui Lei
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yanfei Sun
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; (Y.C.); (K.C.); (D.H.)
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Evaluation of the Presence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Cadmium Content in the Plants and Soils of Cocoa Plantations in San Martin, Peru. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important crop in Peru. International regulations require products derived from cocoa to be free of heavy metals (HMs), such as cadmium. Arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) contribute to reduced HM content in the plant, preventing its accumulation in the fruit and facilitating the rhizodeposition of HMs through glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP). We studied the presence of mycorrhizal symbiosis in cocoa plants and cadmium in three plantations in San Martín, Peru. The maximum Cd content detected in soils was 1.09 (mg/kg), an amount below the tolerable limit for agricultural soil (≥1.4 mg/kg). Cocoa roots showed 68–86% active mycorrhizal colonization; agronomic management did not cause differences between plantations. Levels of GRSP were between 7.67 (GRSP-EE) and 13.75 (GRSP-T) mg protein g soil−1. Morphological and molecular analysis of Glomeromycota fungi showed the presence of families Claroideoglomeraceae, Paraglomeraceae, Gigasporaceae, Glomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, and Diversisporaceae. Our results show the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in cocoa plantations and suggest that T. cacao may phytostabilize HM in its rhizosphere through the production of GRSP. The presence of mycorrhizal symbiosis indicates the potential for the preparation of biofertilizers for cocoa since the production of GRSP is promissory for the biostabilization of soil HMs.
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Phenol and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons Are Stronger Drivers Than Host Plant Species in Shaping the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Component of the Mycorrhizosphere. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012585. [PMID: 36293448 PMCID: PMC9604154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in soil microbial communities in response to hydrocarbon pollution are critical indicators of disturbed ecosystem conditions. A core component of these communities that is functionally adjusted to the life-history traits of the host and environmental factors consists of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF communities associated with Poa trivialis and Phragmites australis growing at a phenol and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site and at an uncontaminated site were compared based on LSU rDNA sequencing. Dissimilarities in species composition and community structures indicated soil pollution as the main factor negatively affecting the AMF diversity. The AMF communities at the contaminated site were dominated by fungal generalists (Rhizophagus, Funneliformis, Claroideoglomus, Paraglomus) with wide ecological tolerance. At the control site, the AMF communities were characterized by higher taxonomic and functional diversity than those exposed to the contamination. The host plant identity was the main driver distinguishing the two AMF metacommunities. The AMF communities at the uncontaminated site were represented by Polonospora, Paraglomus, Oehlia, Nanoglomus, Rhizoglomus, Dominikia, and Microdominikia. Polonosporaceae and Paraglomeraceae were particularly dominant in the Ph. australis mycorrhizosphere. The high abundance of early diverging AMF could be due to the use of primers able to detect lineages such as Paraglomeracae that have not been recognized by previously used 18S rDNA primers.
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Tarfeen N, Nisa KU, Nisa Q. MALDI-TOF MS: application in diagnosis, dereplication, biomolecule profiling and microbial ecology. PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9340741 DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has revolutionized scientific research over the past few decades and has provided a unique platform in ongoing technological developments. Undoubtedly, there has been a bloom chiefly in the field of biological sciences with this emerging technology, and has enabled researchers to generate critical data in the field of disease diagnoses, drug development, dereplication. It has received well acceptance in the field of microbial identification even at strain level, as well as diversified field like biomolecule profiling (proteomics and lipidomics) has evolved tremendously. Additionally, this approach has received a lot more attention over conventional technologies due to its high throughput, speed, and cost effectiveness. This review aims to provide a detailed insight regarding the application of MALDI-TOF MS in the context of medicine, biomolecule profiling, dereplication, and microbial ecology. In general, the expansion in the application of this technology and new advancements it has made in the field of science and technology has been highlighted.
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Horisawa S, Iwamoto K. Identification and Typing of Strains of Wood-Rotting Basidiomycetes by Protein Profiling Using MALDI-TOF MS. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11030030. [PMID: 35997338 PMCID: PMC9397059 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate identification and proper typing of basidiomycetes are required in medical, sanitary maintenance, agriculture, and biotechnology fields. A diagnostic method based on information from whole-cell proteins acquired by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was investigated to identify wood-rotting fungi, a group of filamentous fungi. In this study, mass spectra of intracellular peptides obtained from cultured mycelia of 50 strains of 10 wood-rotting fungal species were obtained multiple times and mass spectral patterns (MSPs) consisting of peaks that characterized the fungal species or strain was created to construct an in-house database. The species identification was conducted by comparing the newly obtained raw mass spectra with the MSPs in the database using the MALDI Biotyper. The results showed that the peak patterns of the mass spectra were reproducible and matched at the strain level. A cluster analysis based on the MSPs was also conducted to examine inter-and intraspecific diversity among the tested wood-rotting basidiomycetes. Most of the fungal strains examined in this study could be identified to a species level; however, the strains belonging to Pleurotus could only be identified to a genus level. This was due to an intraspecific variation, so the identification accuracy could be amendable with a more enhanced database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakae Horisawa
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-gun, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Koki Iwamoto
- Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kami-gun, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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Agnihotri R, Sharma MP, Bucking H, Dames JF, Bagyaraj DJ. Methods for assessing the quality of AM fungal bio-fertilizer: Retrospect and future directions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:97. [PMID: 35478267 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the recent past, the mass production of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi has bloomed into a large biofertilizer industry. Due to their obligate symbiotic nature, these fungi are propagated on living roots in substrate-based pot cultures and RiTDNA in in vitro or root organ culture systems. The quality assessment of AM inocula remains critical for the production and efficacy evaluation of AM fungi. The vigour of AM inocula are assessed through microscopic methods such as inoculum potential, infectivity potential/infection units, most probable number (MPN) and spore density. These methods marginally depend on the researcher's skill. The signature lipids specific to AM fungi, e.g. 16:1ω5cis ester-linked, phospholipid, and neutral lipid fatty acids provide more robustness and reproducibility. The quantitative real-time PCR of AM fungal taxa specific primers and probes analyzing gene copy number is also increasingly used. This article intends to sensitize AM fungal researchers and inoculum manufacturers to various methods of assessing the quality of AM inocula addressing their merits and demerits. This will help AM producers to fulfil the regulatory requirements ensuring the supply of high-quality AM inocula to end-users, and tap a new dimension of AM research in the commercial production of AM fungi and its application in sustainable plant production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Agnihotri
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 452001, Indore, India.,M S Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Thondamanatham post, Vazhuthavoor road, 605502, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry, India
| | - M P Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soybean Research, 452001, Indore, India.
| | - H Bucking
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, 65211, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - J F Dames
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, 6140, Makhanda, Grahamstown, South Africa
| | - D J Bagyaraj
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development, 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, 560024, Bengaluru, India.
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Božik M, Mrázková M, Novotná K, Hrabětová M, Maršik P, Klouček P, Černý K. MALDI-TOF MS as a method for rapid identification of Phytophthora de Bary, 1876. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11662. [PMID: 34322319 PMCID: PMC8297470 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of described species of the oomycete genus Phytophthora is growing rapidly, highlighting the need for low-cost, rapid tools for species identification. Here, a collection of 24 Phytophthora species (42 samples) from natural as well as anthropogenic habitats were genetically identified using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) regions. Because genetic identification is time consuming, we have created a complementary method based on by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Both methods were compared and hypothesis that the MALDI-TOF MS method can be a fast and reliable method for the identification of oomycetes was confirmed. Over 3500 mass spectra were acquired, manually reviewed for quality control, and consolidated into a single reference library using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper platform. Finally, a database containing 144 main spectra (MSPs) was created and published in repository. The method presented in this study will facilitate the use of MALDI-TOF MS as a complement to existing approaches for fast, reliable identification of Phytophthora isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matěj Božik
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Mrázková
- The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Novotná
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Hrabětová
- The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Maršik
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klouček
- Czech University of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Černý
- The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental Gardening, Pruhonice, Czech Republic
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Rodríguez-Yon Y, Maistro-Patreze C, Saggin-Junior OJ, Rivera RA, Quiñones M, Haesaert G, van Tuinen D. Development of a taxon-discriminating molecular marker to trace and quantify a mycorrhizal inoculum in roots and soils of agroecosystems. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:371-384. [PMID: 33534036 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-020-00844-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Crop inoculation with Glomus cubense isolate (INCAM-4, DAOM-241198) promotes yield in banana, cassava, forages, and others. Yield improvements range from 20 to 80% depending on crops, nutrient supply, and edaphoclimatic conditions. However, it is difficult to connect yield effects with G. cubense abundance in roots due to the lack of an adequate methodology to trace this taxon in the field. It is necessary to establish an accurate evaluation framework of its contribution to root colonization separated from native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). A taxon-discriminating primer set was designed based on the ITS nrDNA marker and two molecular approaches were optimized and validated (endpoint PCR and quantitative real-time PCR) to trace and quantify the G. cubense isolate in root and soil samples under greenhouse and environmental conditions. The detection limit and specificity assays were performed by both approaches. Different 18 AMF taxa were used for endpoint PCR specificity assay, showing that primers specifically amplified the INCAM-4 isolate yielding a 370 bp-PCR product. In the greenhouse, Urochloa brizantha plants inoculated with three isolates (Rhizophagus irregularis, R. clarus, and G. cubense) and environmental root and soil samples were successfully traced and quantified by qPCR. The AMF root colonization reached 41-70% and the spore number 4-128 per g of soil. This study demonstrates for the first time the feasibility to trace and quantify the G. cubense isolate using a taxon-discriminating ITS marker in roots and soils. The validated approaches reveal their potential to be used for the quality control of other mycorrhizal inoculants and their relative quantification in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakelin Rodríguez-Yon
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Group, Department Biofertilizers and Plant Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) Gaveta Postal No 1 San José de Las Lajas, 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba.
| | - Camila Maistro-Patreze
- Department of Botany, Center for Life Science and Health, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro State (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22290-255, Brazil
| | - Orivaldo Jose Saggin-Junior
- Mycorrhiza Laboratory, Embrapa Agrobiologia, BR 464, km 07, Bairro Ecologia, Seropédica, RJ, 23891-000, Brazil
| | - Ramón Antonio Rivera
- Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Group, Department Biofertilizers and Plant Nutrition, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA) Gaveta Postal No 1 San José de Las Lajas, 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Madelaine Quiñones
- Plant Pathology Group, Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA), Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, V. Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Diederik van Tuinen
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université Bourgogne, INRAE, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000, Dijon, France
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Identification and dereplication of endophytic Colletotrichum strains by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry and molecular networking. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19788. [PMID: 33188275 PMCID: PMC7666161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74852-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical diversity of biologically active fungal strains from 42 Colletotrichum, isolated from leaves of the tropical palm species Astrocaryum sciophilum collected in pristine forests of French Guiana, was investigated. The collection was first classified based on protein fingerprints acquired by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) correlated with cytotoxicity. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) data from ethyl acetate extracts were acquired and processed to generate a massive molecular network (MN) using the MetGem software. From five Colletotrichum strains producing cytotoxic specialized metabolites, we predicted the occurrence of peptide and cytochalasin analogues in four of them by MN, including a similar ion clusters in the MN algorithm provided by MetGem software. Chemoinformatics predictions were fully confirmed after isolation of three pentacyclopeptides (cyclo(Phe-Leu-Leu-Leu-Val), cyclo(Phe-Leu-Leu-Leu-Leu) and cyclo(Phe-Leu-Leu-Leu-Ile)) and two cytochalasins (cytochalasin C and cytochalasin D) exhibiting cytotoxicity at the micromolar concentration. Finally, the chemical study of the last active cytotoxic strain BSNB-0583 led to the isolation of four colletamides bearing an identical decadienamide chain.
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Baumeister TUH, Vallet M, Kaftan F, Guillou L, Svatoš A, Pohnert G. Identification to species level of live single microalgal cells from plankton samples with matrix-free laser/desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Metabolomics 2020; 16:28. [PMID: 32090296 PMCID: PMC7036359 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-020-1646-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marine planktonic communities are complex microbial consortia often dominated by microscopic algae. The taxonomic identification of individual phytoplankton cells usually relies on their morphology and demands expert knowledge. Recently, a live single-cell mass spectrometry (LSC-MS) pipeline was developed to generate metabolic profiles of microalgae. OBJECTIVE Taxonomic identification of diverse microalgal single cells from collection strains and plankton samples based on the metabolic fingerprints analyzed with matrix-free laser desorption/ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. METHODS Matrix-free atmospheric pressure laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry was performed to acquire single-cell mass spectra from collection strains and prior identified environmental isolates. The computational identification of microalgal species was performed by spectral pattern matching (SPM). Three similarity scores and a bootstrap-derived confidence score were evaluated in terms of their classification performance. The effects of high and low-mass resolutions on the classification success were evaluated. RESULTS Several hundred single-cell mass spectra from nine genera and nine species of marine microalgae were obtained. SPM enabled the identification of single cells at the genus and species level with high accuracies. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves indicated a good performance of the similarity measures but were outperformed by the bootstrap-derived confidence scores. CONCLUSION This is the first study to solve taxonomic identification of microalgae based on the metabolic fingerprints of the individual cell using an SPM approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim U H Baumeister
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Fellow Group On Plankton Community Interaction, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Marine Vallet
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Fellow Group On Plankton Community Interaction, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Filip Kaftan
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Laure Guillou
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR7144 Adaptation Et Diversité en Milieu Marin, Ecology of Marine Plankton (ECOMAP), Station Biologique de Roscoff SBR, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Georg Pohnert
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Max Planck Fellow Group On Plankton Community Interaction, Hans-Knöll-Str. 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Bioorganic Analytics, Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstr. 8, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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Reeve MA, Bachmann D, Caine TS. Identification of Penicillium species by MALDI-TOF MS analysis of spores collected by dielectrophoresis. Biol Methods Protoc 2019; 4:bpz018. [PMID: 32161810 PMCID: PMC6994048 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpz018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In matrix-assisted laser-desorption and ionization mass spectrometry, spectral differences are frequently observed using different growth media on agar plates and/or different growth times in culture, which add undesirable analytical variance. In this article, we explore an approach to the above problem based upon the rationale that, while protein expression in fungal mycelium may well vary under different growth conditions, this might not apply to the same extent in fungal spores. To this end, we have exploited the fact that while mycelium is generally anchored to the fungal-growth substrate, some fungi produce physically-isolated spores which, as such, are amenable to manipulation using dielectrophoresis (the translational motion of charged or uncharged matter caused by polarization effects in a non-uniform electrical field). Such fields can be conveniently generated through the charging of an insulator using the triboelectric effect (the transfer of charge between two objects through friction when they are rubbed together). In this study, polystyrene microbiological inoculating loops were used in combination with nylon-fabric rubbing to harvest fungal spores from five species from within the genus Penicillium, which were grown on agar plates containing two different media over an extended time course. In terms of average Bruker spectral-comparison scores, our method generated higher scores in 80% of cases tested and, in terms of average coefficients of variation, our method generated lower spectral variability in 93% of cases tested. Harvesting of spores using a rapid, inexpensive and simple dielectrophoretic method, therefore, facilitates improved fungal identification for the Penicillium species tested.
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Abstract
Truffles are edible mushrooms with similar morphological characteristics, that make it difficult to distinguish between highly prized truffles (such as the Périgord black T. melanosporum) and inexpensive truffles (such as the Asian Black T. indicum). These biological and economic features have led to several misidentifications and/or fraudulent profit in the truffle markets. In this paper, we investigate Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) biotyping to identify 34 commercial fresh truffles from Europe and Asia. The MALDI-TOF MS clustering rapidly distinguished seven Tuber species identified by ITS phylogenetic analysis. The tasty T. melanosporum was clearly differentiated from the Chinese and less expensive truffles. These cheaper mushrooms were marketed as T. indicum but corresponded to a mix of three species. In total, the method confirmed misidentifications in 26% of commercial specimens. Several unknown blind-coded truffles were rapidly identified, with scores >= 2, using the Bruker Biotyper algorithm against MS databases. This study demonstrates that MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable, rapid and cheaper new tool compared with molecular methods for the identification of truffle species and could be used to control frauds in the truffle markets. It could also be useful for the certification of truffle-inoculated seedlings and/or diversity in forest ecosystems.
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Stoian V, Vidican R, Crişan I, Puia C, Şandor M, Stoian VA, Păcurar F, Vaida I. Sensitive approach and future perspectives in microscopic patterns of mycorrhizal roots. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10233. [PMID: 31308444 PMCID: PMC6629619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmonization of methodologies for the assessment of radicular endophytic colonization is a current necessity, especially for the arbuscular mycorrhizas. The functionality of mycorrhizal symbionts for plants can be described only by indicators obtained based on microscopic analysis. That is the reason for which a unifying methodology will lead to the achievement of highly correlated indicators comparable from one research to another. Our proposed methodology can further digitize the microscopic observations of colonization. The MycoPatt system is developed as a methodological framework for obtaining objective and comparable microscopic observations. The horizontal, vertical and transversal indicators are highly adaptable and allow the tracking of mycorrhizal colonization in root length. All structures developed by symbionts can be traced and the obtained metadata can be compared without any transformation. Mycorrhizal maps have a high degree of applicability in evaluating soil inoculum efficiency. In the future, the application of this method will lead to digital maps with a high degree of accuracy. MycoPatt allows the mathematical expression of colonization patterns, being a complex model that converts biological data into statistically comparable indicators. This will further allow obtaining inferences with applicative importance and similarity spectra for the colonizing fungi and host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vlad Stoian
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania.
| | - Roxana Vidican
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania.
| | - Ioana Crişan
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Carmen Puia
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant pathology, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Mignon Şandor
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil ecology, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Valentina A Stoian
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Soil ecology, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Florin Păcurar
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Grasslands and forage crops, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
| | - Ioana Vaida
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Grasslands and forage crops, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania
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Crossay T, Majorel C, Redecker D, Gensous S, Medevielle V, Durrieu G, Cavaloc Y, Amir H. Is a mixture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi better for plant growth than single-species inoculants? MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:325-339. [PMID: 31203456 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00898-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as plant growth promoters has mostly been conducted using single-species inoculum. In this study, we investigated whether co-inoculation of different native AMF species induced an improvement of plant growth in an ultramafic soil. We analyzed the effects of six species of AMF from a New Caledonian ultramafic soil on plant growth and nutrition, using mono-inoculations and mixtures comprising different numbers of AMF species, in a greenhouse experiment. The endemic Metrosideros laurifolia was used as a host plant. Our results suggest that, when the plant faced multiple abiotic stress factors (nutrient deficiencies and high concentrations of different heavy metals), co-inoculation of AMF belonging to different families was more efficient than mono-inoculation in improving biomass, mineral nutrition, Ca/Mg ratio, and tolerance to heavy metals of plants in ultramafic soil. This performance suggested functional complementarity between distantly related AMF. Our findings will have important implications for restoration ecology and mycorrhizal biotechnology applied to ultramafic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crossay
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
| | - Clarisse Majorel
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Dirk Redecker
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Simon Gensous
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Valérie Medevielle
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Gilles Durrieu
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Yvon Cavaloc
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia
| | - Hamid Amir
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (ISEA), Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa Cedex, New Caledonia.
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