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Glatthardt T, Lima RD, de Mattos RM, Ferreira RBR. Microbe Interactions within the Skin Microbiome. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:49. [PMID: 38247608 PMCID: PMC10812674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest human organ and is responsible for many important functions, such as temperature regulation, water transport, and protection from external insults. It is colonized by several microorganisms that interact with each other and with the host, shaping the microbial structure and community dynamics. Through these interactions, the skin microbiota can inhibit pathogens through several mechanisms such as the production of bacteriocins, proteases, phenol soluble modulins (PSMs), and fermentation. Furthermore, these commensals can produce molecules with antivirulence activity, reducing the potential of these pathogens to adhere to and invade human tissues. Microorganisms of the skin microbiota are also able to sense molecules from the environment and shape their behavior in response to these signals through the modulation of gene expression. Additionally, microbiota-derived compounds can affect pathogen gene expression, including the expression of virulence determinants. Although most studies related to microbial interactions in the skin have been directed towards elucidating competition mechanisms, microorganisms can also use the products of other species to their benefit. In this review, we will discuss several mechanisms through which microorganisms interact in the skin and the biotechnological applications of products originating from the skin microbiota that have already been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Glatthardt
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.G.); (R.D.L.); (R.M.d.M.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Research Innovation Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Rayssa Durães Lima
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.G.); (R.D.L.); (R.M.d.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Raquel Monteiro de Mattos
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.G.); (R.D.L.); (R.M.d.M.)
| | - Rosana Barreto Rocha Ferreira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.G.); (R.D.L.); (R.M.d.M.)
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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2
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Wang DQ, Li X, Zhang RY, Yuan C, Yan B, Humbert P, Quan ZX. Effects of Investigational Moisturizers on the Skin Barrier and Microbiome following Exposure to Environmental Aggressors: A Randomized Clinical Trial and Ex Vivo Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6078. [PMID: 37763018 PMCID: PMC10532330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin microbiota barrier participates in skin barrier function in addition to the physical, chemical, and immunological protective barriers, and is affected by environmental aggressors and skincare regimens. To better understand the exact effects of real-life environmental conditions on the skin and determine the protective methods, this study investigates the effects of three topical cosmetic moisturizers (water gel moisturizers with/without yeast extract (Moisturizers K and C) and a thick-emulsion cream moisturizer (Moisturizer L)) on clinical and skin microbiome endpoints in the presence of environmental aggressors during an 8-week, randomized controlled, triple-blind clinical trial with 110 participants, and molecular- as well as biomarker-level endpoints on ex vivo skin explants after exposure to simulate urban environmental conditions. The results show that all moisturizers are well-tolerated and improve skin barrier function and surface moisture content from the baseline, and the improvement is maintained at the last analysis point (3 days after trial completion). Compared with the untreated control areas (samples taken from the upper chest), treatment with Moisturizer K prevented a reduction in bacterial and fungal richness, and increased the change ratio of the relative abundance of commensal bacteria, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Ralstonia, at the treated sites (samples taken from the forehead). Moreover, Moisturizer K-treated ex vivo skin explants had higher levels of caspase 14 (a marker of skin barrier function), collagen I, and elastin (structure components), and lower levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; activated by air pollutants) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) than those in explants treated with other moisturizers and in the untreated areas of the skin. These results suggest that a skin postbiotic moisturizer with yeast extract supports the regulation of the skin's microbiome balance and may provide a holistic barrier (involving skin microbiome, physical, chemical, and immune barriers) to protect the skin against environmental aggressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qi Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (D.-Q.W.); (R.-Y.Z.)
| | - Xi Li
- Translational Science Asia Pacific, Shanghai Technology and Research Center, Johnson & Johnson (China) Ltd., Shanghai 200245, China;
| | - Ru-Yi Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (D.-Q.W.); (R.-Y.Z.)
| | - Chao Yuan
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai 200443, China;
| | - Bo Yan
- Translational Science Asia Pacific, Shanghai Technology and Research Center, Johnson & Johnson (China) Ltd., Shanghai 200245, China;
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Investigation Center, Besancon University Hospital, 25030 Besancon, France;
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China; (D.-Q.W.); (R.-Y.Z.)
- IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200437, China
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3
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Zhou W, Fleming E, Legendre G, Roux L, Latreille J, Gendronneau G, Forestier S, Oh J. Skin microbiome attributes associate with biophysical skin ageing. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:1546-1556. [PMID: 37350224 PMCID: PMC11128091 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Two major arms of skin ageing are changes in the skin's biophysical conditions and alterations in the skin microbiome. This work partitioned both arms to study their interaction in detail. Leveraging the resolution provided by shotgun metagenomics, we explored how skin microbial species, strains and gene content interact with the biophysical traits of the skin during ageing. With a dataset well-controlled for confounding factors, we found that skin biophysical traits, especially the collagen diffusion coefficient, are associated with the composition and the functional potential of the skin microbiome, including the abundance of bacterial strains found in nosocomial infections and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes. Our findings reveal important associations between skin biophysical features and ageing-related changes in the skin microbiome and generate testable hypotheses for the mechanisms of such associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington CT, USA
| | | | | | - Lauriane Roux
- Biology and Clinical Department, Chanel F&B, Pantin, France
| | | | | | | | - Julia Oh
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington CT, USA
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4
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Karnwal A, Shrivastava S, Al-Tawaha ARMS, Kumar G, Singh R, Kumar A, Mohan A, Malik T. Microbial Biosurfactant as an Alternate to Chemical Surfactants for Application in Cosmetics Industries in Personal and Skin Care Products: A Critical Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:2375223. [PMID: 37090190 PMCID: PMC10118887 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2375223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Cosmetics and personal care items are used worldwide and administered straight to the skin. The hazardous nature of the chemical surfactant utilized in the production of cosmetics has caused alarm on a global scale. Therefore, bacterial biosurfactants (BS) are becoming increasingly popular in industrial product production as a biocompatible, low-toxic alternative surfactant. Chemical surfactants can induce allergic responses and skin irritations; thus, they should be replaced with less harmful substances for skin health. The cosmetic industry seeks novel biological alternatives to replace chemical compounds and improve product qualities. Most of these chemicals have a biological origin and can be obtained from plant, bacterial, fungal, and algal sources. Various biological molecules have intriguing capabilities, such as biosurfactants, vitamins, antioxidants, pigments, enzymes, and peptides. These are safe, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly than chemical options. Plant-based biosurfactants, such as saponins, offer numerous advantages over synthetic surfactants, i.e., biodegradable, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly nature. Saponins are a promising source of natural biosurfactants for various industrial and academic applications. However, microbial glycolipids and lipopeptides have been used in biotechnology and cosmetics due to their multifunctional character, including detergency, emulsifying, foaming, and skin moisturizing capabilities. In addition, some of them have the potential to be used as antibacterial agents. In this review, we like to enlighten the application of microbial biosurfactants for replacing chemical surfactants in existing cosmetic and personal skincare pharmaceutical formulations due to their antibacterial, skin surface moisturizing, and low toxicity characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Karnwal
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Seweta Shrivastava
- Department of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Gaurav Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Rattandeep Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anupam Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anand Mohan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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5
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Abe Y, Seino S, Kurihara H, Kage M, Tokudome Y. 2-kDa hyaluronan ameliorates human facial wrinkles through increased dermal collagen density related to promotion of collagen remodeling. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:320-327. [PMID: 35587723 PMCID: PMC10084258 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides are involved in several biological processes, primarily collagen remodeling and wound healing. Collagen remodeling is retarded in aging skin and causes wrinkles. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2-kDa HA oligosaccharides (HA2k) on wrinkles by permeation through the stratum corneum and promotion of collagen remodeling. METHODS A 3D skin model and excised human skin were used to evaluate the permeation of fluorescein-labeled HA2k. The effect of HA2k on collagen metabolism was evaluated by measuring the protein level of type 1 pro-collagen (COL1A1) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in the 3D skin model. 0.1% HA2k solution and vehicle control was applied to the human forearm for 8 weeks to evaluate dermal collagen density. To evaluate the effect of HA2k on depth of facial wrinkles, a randomized controlled trial was conducted with 0.1% HA2k lotion and vehicle lotion for 8 weeks. RESULTS HA2k was confirmed to permeate through the stratum corneum by fluorescent microscopy. Both COL1A1 and MMP-1 were upregulated by HA2k application in a 3D skin model culture. The collagen density was higher for the HA2k-treated forearm than for the vehicle control-treated forearm after 4 weeks. The maximum wrinkle depths in the nasolabial fold and crow's feet area were significantly shallower in the HA2k lotion group than in the control group. CONCLUSION HA2k permeated the stratum corneum, activated collagen synthesis and degradation simultaneously, and ameliorated wrinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Abe
- R&D Division, Kewpie Corporation, Chofu, Japan
| | | | | | - Madoka Kage
- Laboratory of Dermatological Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Tokudome
- Laboratory of Dermatological Physiology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan.,Laboratory of Cosmetic Sciences, Regional Innovation Center, Saga University, Saga, Japan
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6
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Lebeer S, Oerlemans EFM, Claes I, Henkens T, Delanghe L, Wuyts S, Spacova I, van den Broek MFL, Tuyaerts I, Wittouck S, De Boeck I, Allonsius CN, Kiekens F, Lambert J. Selective targeting of skin pathobionts and inflammation with topically applied lactobacilli. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100521. [PMID: 35243421 PMCID: PMC8861818 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tailored skin microbiome modulation approaches with probiotics are highly challenging. Here, we show that lactobacilli are underestimated members of the skin microbiota. We select specific strains of nomadic lactobacilli for their functional applicability on the skin and capacity to inhibit growth and inflammation by skin pathobionts. The strains are formulated as microcapsules for topical formulations and tested in patients with mild-to-moderate acne. The selected lactobacilli are able to reduce inflammatory lesions in a pilot and placebo-controlled study. Daily application for 8 weeks is associated with an in vivo temporary modulation of the microbiome, including a reduction in relative abundance of staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes, and an increase in lactobacilli. The reduction in inflammatory lesions is still apparent 4 weeks after the topical application of the lactobacilli ended, indicating a possible additional immunomodulatory effect. This study shows that carefully selected and formulated lactobacilli are a viable therapeutic option for common acne lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lebeer
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline F M Oerlemans
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Claes
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Henkens
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lize Delanghe
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sander Wuyts
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marianne F L van den Broek
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ines Tuyaerts
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ilke De Boeck
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camille N Allonsius
- University of Antwerp, Department of Bioscience Engineering, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- University of Antwerp, Department of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Julien Lambert
- University Hospital Antwerp/University of Antwerp, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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7
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Huang Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Li Y, Xu Y, Xiong X, Deng Y. Patients with senile pruritus have a distinct skin microbiota and epidermal barrier in comparison with healthy controls. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1892-1899. [PMID: 34634142 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Senile pruritus (SP) is a common skin disease in the elderly. The role of skin dysbacteriosis in the development of various skin diseases has been studied in recent years. However, the research about the skin microbiota of senile pruritus patients is lacking at present. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the differences of skin microbiota in senile pruritus patients and their relationship with the epidermal barrier. Thirty patients with senile pruritus and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The skin barrier indexes were recorded by multi-functional skin tester. The skin bacterial diversity was analyzed by using hyper-variable tag sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA. Compared with the healthy control group, the patients had significantly lower skin hydration (p = 0.014) and higher pH value (p = 0.021). Skin microbial diversity was significantly increased in patients according to the alpha diversity. At the genus level, Acinetobacter (p = 0.002) and Lactobacillus (p = 0.002) increased and Cutibacterium (p = 0.043) decreased. The pH value was positively associated with observed_species diversity (p = 0.026). The transdermal water loss was negatively related to the genus of Lactobacillus (p = 0.036), while the skin hydration was positively associated with the genus of Lactobacillus (p = 0.038). As a result, the damaged skin barrier function and skin dysbacteriosis complemented each other and may be associated with the occurrence of senile pruritus, but their role still needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Huang
- Department of Dermatology STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiexiong Liu
- Department of Dermatology STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,International Cooperation Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Health Management Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Xiong
- Department of Dermatology STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongqiong Deng
- Department of Dermatology STD, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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8
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Nationality and body location alter human skin microbiome. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5241-5256. [PMID: 34125277 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin microbiomes function directly in human health and are affected by various external and internal factors. However, few studies have showed the variation of human skin microbiota at multiple body sites in individuals of different national origin living in the same environment. Here, using 16S rRNA sequencing, we investigated the diversity and function of skin microbiomes in different body locations of Chinese and Pakistani individuals from a single college in China. Body location and nationality significantly affected community structures, while season and gender only impacted community member. Due to different lifestyles and likely genetic characteristics of the hosts, Proteobacteria was more abundant in Pakistanis than in Chinese individuals. There were significant differences in the Shannon diversity of skin microorganisms among different skin sites of Chinese individuals, but not in Pakistanis. PICRUSt prediction indicated that gene functions involved in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were higher in bacteria collected from Pakistanis than those from Chinese individuals, but the amino acid metabolism of skin microorganisms in Chinese people was higher. The relative abundances of potential pathogenic bacteria also differed in different body locations, providing a foundation for studying skin-associated bacterial diseases. Through a meta-analysis of 233 human skin samples from eight elevational sites in western China, we found that skin microbial diversity first decreased and then increased with increasing altitude. Network analysis showed positive correlation between altitude and Lactobacillus, Chryseobacterium, or Acinetobacter. Our results uncover the variation of human skin microbiota allowing future explorations of potential significance for human health. KEY POINTS: • Body location and nationality affect skin microbiota diversity and function. • Proteobacteria was more abundant in Pakistanis than in Chinese. • Skin microbial diversity first decreased and then increased with elevated altitude.
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Park DH, Kim JW, Park HJ, Hahm DH. Comparative Analysis of the Microbiome across the Gut-Skin Axis in Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084228. [PMID: 33921772 PMCID: PMC8073639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a refractory and relapsing skin disease with a complex and multifactorial etiology. Various congenital malformations and environmental factors are thought to be involved in the onset of the disease. The etiology of the disease has been investigated, with respect to clinical skin symptoms and systemic immune response factors. A gut microbiome–mediated connection between emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety, and dermatologic conditions such as acne, based on the comorbidities of these two seemingly unrelated disorders, has long been hypothesized. Many aspects of this gut–brain–skin integration theory have recently been revalidated to identify treatment options for AD with the recent advances in metagenomic analysis involving powerful sequencing techniques and bioinformatics that overcome the need for isolation and cultivation of individual microbial strains from the skin or gut. Comparative analysis of microbial clusters across the gut–skin axis can provide new information regarding AD research. Herein, we provide a historical perspective on the modern investigation and clinical implications of gut–skin connections in AD in terms of the integration between the two microbial clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Park
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (D.H.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Joo Wan Kim
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (D.H.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Hi-Joon Park
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Dae-Hyun Hahm
- College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (D.H.P.); (J.W.K.)
- Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- BioNanocomposite Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-961-0366
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10
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Bai Y, Wang Y, Zheng H, Tan F, Yuan C. Correlation Between Facial Skin Microbiota and Skin Barriers in a Chinese Female Population with Sensitive Skin. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:219-226. [PMID: 33519216 PMCID: PMC7837571 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s287844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The association of microbiota changes with sensitive skin remains controversial until now. Although a strong correlation is detected between skin microbiota distribution and biophysical parameters, there is little knowledge on the link between sensitive skin and skin microbiota in Chinese women. This study aimed to unravel the correlation between facial skin microbiota distribution and skin barriers in Chinese women with sensitive skin. Materials and Methods In total, 34 volunteers were enrolled, including 24 subjects with sensitive skin (SS group) and 10 subjects with non-sensitive skin (NS group). The cuticle moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and facial skin sebum secretion were measured, and the facial skin surface morphology was evaluated. Sensitive skin samples were collected from the facial (SS-F group) and chest skin of subjects in the SS group (SS-C group), while non-sensitive skin samples were collected from the facial skin of subjects in the NS group (NS-F group). All skin samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Results 16S rRNA sequencing detected Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria as the three most common microbiota phyla and Propionibacterium, Paracoccus, and Corynebacterium as the three most common microbiota genera, and there were no significant differences in the relative frequency of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, or Proteobacteria, or Propionibacterium, Paracoccus, or Corynebacterium among the SS-F, SS-C, and NS-F groups (P>0.05). We detected no significant difference in the diversity of bacterial communities among the SS-F, SS-C, and NS-F groups; however, the Shannon’s diversity index was significantly higher in the NS-F group than in the SS-C group. In addition, Spearman correlation analysis showed a correlation between the microbiota genera and skin physiological parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion This study preliminarily unravels the skin microbiota of sensitive skin using a high-throughput tool, and there are no microbiota genera with strong associations with skin physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Central Laboratory, The Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Wang
- Symrise (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201206, People's Republic of China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Shanghai-Ministry of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tan
- Central Laboratory, The Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Skin & Cosmetic Research, The Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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11
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Effect of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) Applied as a Patch on Human Skin Physiology and Its Microbiota. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we assessed the change in skin microbiota composition, relative abundance, and diversity with skin physiology disruption induced by SLS patch. Healthy women declaring to have a reactive skin were submitted to a 0.5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate solution application under occlusive patch condition for 24 h. Skin properties were characterized by tewametry, corneometry, and colorimetry and bacterial diversity was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Analysis before and one day after SLS patch removal revealed an increase of skin redness and a decrease of stratum corneum hydration and skin barrier function. The relative abundance of taxa containing potential pathogens increase (Firmicutes: Staphylococcaceae; Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae, Pantoea) while some of the most occurring Actinobacteria with valuable skin protection and repair capacities decreased (Micrococcus, Kocuria, and Corynebacterium). We observed an impaired skin barrier function and dehydration induced by SLS patch disturb the subtle balance of skin microbiota towards skin bacterial community dysbiosis. This study provides new insights on the skin bacterial composition and skin physiology simultaneously impaired by a SLS patch.
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12
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Li X, Xing L, Lai R, Yuan C, Humbert P. Literature mapping: association of microscopic skin microflora and biomarkers with macroscopic skin health. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:21-27. [PMID: 32786033 PMCID: PMC7754415 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Associations between skin microbes or biomarkers and pathological conditions have been reported in the literature. However, there is a lack of clarity on the interaction between the coexistence of common skin microbes with skin physiology and subsequent development of clinical symptoms, and the role of biomarkers in mediating these changes before the development of skin disease. In this review, we aim to identify areas in which extensive research for the studied factors has already been conducted, and which research areas are under-represented. The SciFinder database was searched for articles containing key words including specific skin microbes, biomarkers, skin physiology and diseases from the beginning of the SciFinder data record to 26 April 2016, and we included an additional relevant recent publication from our group. Among the 8000 + articles selected, the frequency of keyword pairs between two roles [microscopic markers (microflora or biomarkers) and reactions (skin physiology or clinical symptoms, or skin disease)] was investigated. Associated research between the individual factors such as skin microflora or biomarkers (chosen based on our earlier publication) and specific biophysical parameters, symptoms or skin disease was identified. The present research heatmap emphasizes the significance of a structured review of research on concerned factor associations to identify early/subclinical clues that can be used to prevent progression to overt skin disease with the help of precise skin care or early intervention, as indicated by skin microflora, biomarkers and an interactive skin biophysics profile. The findings provide a novel approach to explore such associations and may guide future research directed towards predicting disease from early/subclinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Clinical Science APAC, Johnson & Johnson (China) Ltd, Shanghai Technology and Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - L Xing
- Clinical Science APAC, Johnson & Johnson (China) Ltd, Shanghai Technology and Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - R Lai
- External Innovation, Johnson & Johnson (China) Ltd, Minhang District, Shanghai, China
| | - C Yuan
- Skin and Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - P Humbert
- Department of Dermatology, Research and Clinic Centre on the Tegument, Clinical Investigation Center, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France.,University of Franche-Comté, Inserm U1098, Besançon, France
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13
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Hernandez-Valdes JA, Zhou L, de Vries MP, Kuipers OP. Impact of spatial proximity on territoriality among human skin bacteria. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32764612 PMCID: PMC7413532 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-00140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria display social behavior and establish cooperative or competitive interactions in the niches they occupy. The human skin is a densely populated environment where many bacterial species live. Thus, bacterial inhabitants are expected to find a balance in these interactions, which eventually defines their spatial distribution and the composition of our skin microbiota. Unraveling the physiological basis of the interactions between bacterial species in organized environments requires reductionist analyses using functionally relevant species. Here, we study the interaction between two members of our skin microbiota, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We show that B. subtilis actively responds to the presence of S. epidermidis in its proximity by two strategies: antimicrobial production and development of a subpopulation with migratory response. The initial response of B. subtilis is production of chlorotetain, which degrades the S. epidermidis at the colony level. Next, a subpopulation of B. subtilis motile cells emerges. Remarkably this subpopulation slides towards the remaining S. epidermidis colony and engulfs it. A slow response back from S. epidermidis cells give origin to resistant cells that prevent both attacks from B. subtilis. We hypothesized that this niche conquering and back-down response from B. subtilis and S. epidermidis, respectively, which resembles other conflicts in nature as the ones observed in animals, may play a role in defining the presence of certain bacterial species in the specific microenvironments that these bacteria occupy on our skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan A Hernandez-Valdes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel P de Vries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Antonius Deusinglaan 1, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, 9713 AW, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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14
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Zheng Y, Liang H, Zhou M, Song L, He C. Skin bacterial structure of young females in China: The relationship between skin bacterial structure and facial skin types. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:1366-1374. [PMID: 32347582 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin microbiota are involved in the skin physiological functions and are also affected by the skin physiological characteristics. OBJECTIVE To better understand the skin microbial characteristics of facial cheek skin and the relationship with skin physiological characteristics. METHODS By bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the authors studied the facial cheek skin microbial characteristics of 85 cases of young women aged 18-25 years. RESULTS Healthy young woman's cheek skin bacterial composition was relatively stable. Dry skin has high bacterial diversity and richness, and oily skin has low bacterial diversity and richness. Cutibacterium was significantly enriched in oily skin and was significantly negatively correlated with other genera such as Streptococcus (r > 0.5). There were significant positive correlations among other genera of enrichment in dry and neutral skin such as Streptococcus and Rothia (r > 0.8). Skin sebum level was significantly negatively correlated with bacterial alpha diversity index. The combined abundance of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis was significantly positively correlated with sebum secretion (r > 0.5). CONCLUSIONS The skin sebum secretion and bacterial interaction were the important factors driving the young females' cheek skin bacterial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingyue Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Congfen He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Research and Development, School of Science Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cosmetic of China National Light Industry, School of Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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15
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Javůrková VG, Kreisinger J, Procházka P, Požgayová M, Ševčíková K, Brlík V, Adamík P, Heneberg P, Porkert J. Unveiled feather microcosm: feather microbiota of passerine birds is closely associated with host species identity and bacteriocin-producing bacteria. THE ISME JOURNAL 2019; 13:2363-2376. [PMID: 31127178 PMCID: PMC6775979 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-019-0438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The functional relevance of microbiota is a key aspect for understanding host-microbiota interactions. Mammalian skin harbours a complex consortium of beneficial microorganisms known to provide health and immune-boosting advantages. As yet, however, little is known about functional microbial communities on avian feathers, including their co-evolution with the host and factors determining feather microbiota (FM) diversity. Using 16S rRNA profiling, we investigated how host species identity, phylogeny and geographic origin determine FM in free-living passerine birds. Moreover, we estimated the relative abundance of bacteriocin-producing bacteria (BPB) and keratinolytic feather damaging bacteria (FDB) and evaluated the ability of BPB to affect FM diversity and relative abundance of FDB. Host species identity was associated with feather bacterial communities more strongly than host geographic origin. FM functional properties differed in terms of estimated BPB and FDB relative abundance, with both showing interspecific variation. FM diversity was negatively associated with BPB relative abundance across species, whereas BPB and FDB relative abundance was positively correlated. This study provides the first thorough evaluation of antimicrobial peptides-producing bacterial communities inhabiting the feather integument, including their likely potential to mediate niche-competition and to be associated with functional species-specific feather microbiota in avian hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Gvoždíková Javůrková
- Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Department of Animal Science, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Prague-Suchdol, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Procházka
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milica Požgayová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Ševčíková
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Brlík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Adamík
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 50, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Heneberg
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 100 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Porkert
- Home address: Gočárova třída 542/12, 500 02, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Seite S, Misery L. Skin sensitivity and skin microbiota: Is there a link? Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1061-1064. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Seite
- La Roche-Posay Dermatological Laboratories; Levallois-Perret France
| | - Laurent Misery
- Laboratory Interactions Neurons-Keratinocytes (LINK); University of Western Brittany; Brest France
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital of Brest; Brest France
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