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Xinchong P, Changxi Z, Anni Z, Wenrui Y, Jingyun L, Xue S. The Bufei Nashen pill inhibits the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate extracellular matrix deposition and improve COPD progression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024:118390. [PMID: 38823661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE According to the theory and practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be classified as "cough," "dyspnea," or "lung distention disease." Bufei Nashen pill (BFNSP) is a classic Chinese herbal formula with certain activity against the above syndromes. FNSP has previously been shown to improve clinical symptoms (cough, lumbar and knee weakness, tinnitus) in patients with occupationally related interstitial lung disease. AIM OF THE STUDY There is a lack of convincing evidence supporting the use of BFNSP for the treatment of COPD. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BFNSP on COPD and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to analyze the main components of BFNSP and BFNSP-containing serum. A COPD rat model was generated, and the rats were treated with different doses of BFNSP. Lung function indices were analyzed by a pulmonary function testing system, and lung histopathology was assessed by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy. The levels of TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MMP3, MMP-9, and TIMP1 in BALF and the levels of MMP3, MMP-9, TIMP1, and HA in serum were detected by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression of Col-I, Col-III, and LN in lung tissues. RT‒qPCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K, Akt, HIF-1α, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and ERK1/2 in lung tissue, and Western blotting was performed to detect the protein expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, HIF-1α, MMP-9, TGF-β1, TIMP1, and p-ERK1/2 in lung tissue. In addition, in vitro cellular assays were performed for validation. RESULTS The results showed that BFNSP effectively improved the functional status of pulmonary ventilation, attenuated pathological damage in lung tissue, inhibited the release of inflammatory factors, reduced extracellular matrix deposition, and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway in lung tissue in COPD rats (P<0.05) and may alleviate COPD progression by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION BFNSP inhibits the PI3K/AKT/HIF-1 signaling pathway to regulate extracellular matrix deposition and improve COPD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xinchong
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhang Changxi
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Zhang Anni
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yan Wenrui
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Li Jingyun
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Sun Xue
- Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Bostancieri N, Bakir K, Kul S, Eralp A, Kayalar O, Konyalilar N, Rajabi H, Yuncu M, Yildirim AÖ, Bayram H. The effect of multiple outgrowths from bronchial tissue explants on progenitor/stem cell number in primary bronchial epithelial cell cultures from smokers and patients with COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1118715. [PMID: 37908857 PMCID: PMC10614425 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1118715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although studies suggest a deficiency in stem cell numbers in chronic airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the role of bronchial epithelial progenitor/stem (P/S) cells is not clear. The objectives of this study were to investigate expression of progenitor/stem (P/S) cell markers, cytokeratin (CK) 5, CK14 and p63 in bronchial epithelial explants and cell cultures obtained from smokers with and without COPD following multiple outgrowths, and to study this effect on bronchial epithelial cell (BEC) proliferation. Methods Bronchial epithelial explants were dissected from lung explants and cultured on coverslips. Confluent cultures were obtained after 3-4 weeks' (transfer, Tr1), explants were then transferred and cultured for a second (Tr2) and third (Tr3) time, respectively. At each stage, expression of CK5, CK14 and p63 in explants and BEC were determined by immunostaining. In parallel experiments, outgrowing cells from explants were counted after 4wks, and explants subsequently transferred to obtain new cultures for a further 3 times. Results As the transfer number advanced, CK5, CK14 and p63 expression was decreased in both explants and BEC from both smokers without COPD and patients with COPD, with a more pronounced decrease in BEC numbers in the COPD group. Total cell numbers cultured from explants were decreased with advancing outgrowth number in both groups. Smoking status and lung function parameters were correlated with reduced P/S marker expression and cell numbers. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the number of P/S cells in airway epithelium may play a role in the pathogenesis of COPD, as well as a role in the proliferation of airway epithelial cells, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Bostancieri
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Bakir
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Seval Kul
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ayhan Eralp
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ozgecan Kayalar
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Nur Konyalilar
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hadi Rajabi
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Yuncu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Helmholtz Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Chest Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Gaziantep, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Hoffman E, Song Y, Zhang F, Asarian L, Downs I, Young B, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Weiss DJ. Regional and disease-specific glycosaminoglycan composition and function in decellularized human lung extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:388-399. [PMID: 37433361 PMCID: PMC10528722 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized lung scaffolds and hydrogels are increasingly being utilized in ex vivo lung bioengineering. However, the lung is a regionally heterogenous organ with proximal and distal airway and vascular compartments of different structures and functions that may be altered as part of disease pathogenesis. We previously described decellularized normal whole human lung extracellular matrix (ECM) glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composition and functional ability to bind matrix-associated growth factors. We now determine differential GAG composition and function in airway, vascular, and alveolar-enriched regions of decellularized lungs obtained from normal, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients. Significant differences were observed in heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA) content and CS/HS compositions between both different lung regions and between normal and diseased lungs. Surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that HS and CS from decellularized normal and COPD lungs similarly bound fibroblast growth factor 2, but that binding was decreased in decellularized IPF lungs. Binding of transforming growth factor β to CS was similar in all three groups but binding to HS was decreased in IPF compared to normal and COPD lungs. In addition, cytokines dissociate faster from the IPF GAGs than their counterparts. The differences in cytokine binding features of IPF GAGs may result from different disaccharide compositions. The purified HS from IPF lung is less sulfated than that from other lungs, and the CS from IPF contains more 6-O-sulfated disaccharide. These observations provide further information for understanding functional roles of ECM GAGs in lung function and disease. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Lung transplantation remains limited due to donor organ availability and need for life-long immunosuppressive medication. One solution, the ex vivo bioengineering of lungs via de- and recellularization has not yet led to a fully functional organ. Notably, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) remaining in decellularized lung scaffolds is poorly understood despite their important effects on cell behaviors. We have previously investigated residual GAG content of native and decellularized lungs and their respective functionality, and role during scaffold recellularization. We now present a detailed characterization of GAG and GAG chain content and function in different anatomical regions of normal diseased human lungs. These are novel and important observations that further expand knowledge about functional GAG roles in lung biology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Hoffman
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Loredana Asarian
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Isaac Downs
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Brad Young
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 149 Beaumont Avenue, Health Science Research Facility (HSRF) 226, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Yan F. Mettl3-mediated transcriptome-wide m6A methylation induced by cigarette smoking in human bronchial epithelial cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 89:105584. [PMID: 36924977 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke exposure is a well-recognized causative factor for Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the molecular mechanisms responsible for this effect need to be further investigated. An expanding number of studies suggest that m6A modification is involved in the progression of various diseases. Nevertheless, evidence on the regulatory function of m6A modification in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed to cigarette smoke is scarce. In this study, we investigated for the first time the effect of cigarette smoke exposure on contributing to high Mettl3 expression in HBE cells in vitro, an essential m6A writer. To investigate the pattern of m6A modification in HBE cells following cigarette smoke exposure, Mettl3 was down-regulated in HBE cells and a MeRIP-seq analysis revealed differences in m6A methylation between wild-type (WT) and Mettl3 knockdown HBE cells exposed to CSE. There were 1584 significantly hypomethylated genes engaged in multicellular organismal developments. We identified 200 differentially expressed genes with hypomethylated m6A peaks in conjunction with Mettl3 knockdown, among four candidate genes (NR1H4, TSPEAR, ACSBG1, and SLC5A5) that could be further explored in COPD. According to the research, cigarette smoke may control the behavior of human bronchial epithelial cells through m6A modification in COPD, providing a unique molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 North Zhongshan Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, China.
| | - Lixing Wang
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 North Zhongshan Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 North Zhongshan Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, China
| | - Furong Yan
- Clinical Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 34 North Zhongshan Road, Licheng District, Quanzhou, China
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Onishi T, Takashima T, Kurashige M, Ohshima K, Morii E. Mutually exclusive expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154071. [PMID: 35985089 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) epigenetically represses gene expression via trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27me3). Non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) has been reported to show high EZH2 and low H3K27me3 expression compared to normal lung tissues, but there are no studies examining the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 simultaneously with immunohistochemistry. In the present study, the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 was examined in surgically resected NSCLC. We enrolled 27 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 73 cases of Lepidic, 77 of Papillary/Acinar, 51 of Solid, 31 of Micropapillary, and 12 of Mucinous subtypes of adenocarcinoma. First, we examined the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 in normal and metaplastic bronchial epithelium adjacent to NSCLC. Normal bronchial epithelium showed EZH2 expression in a limited number of basal cells and H3K27me3 expression in surface differentiated cells with cilia or mucus. In metaplastic bronchial epithelium, the number of EZH2-positive cells increased in multilayered basal cells, and H3K27me3-positive cells were observed in the superficial layer. Then, EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression was analyzed in NSCLC. Abundant EZH2 and rare H3K27me3 expression was detected in SCC, Papillary/Acinar, Solid and Micropapillary subtypes. In Mucinous subtype, EZH2 expression was hardly detected, and H3K27me3 expression was detected in almost all tumor cells. EZH2-expressing and H3K27me3-expressing tumor cells were similarly observed in Lepidic subtype, but double immunofluorescence revealed that EZH2 and H3K27me3 expression pattern was mutually exclusive. No co-expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3 was detected in all examined subtypes. To our knowledge, there have been no reports describing mutually exclusive expression pattern of EZH2 and H3K27me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Onishi
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Medical Technology and Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan; Research Center for Life and Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takashima
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohshima
- Division of Cancer Biology, Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Propylene glycol, a component of electronic cigarette liquid, damages epithelial cells in human small airways. Respir Res 2022; 23:216. [PMID: 35999544 PMCID: PMC9400210 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are used worldwide as a substitute for conventional cigarettes. Although they are primarily intended to support smoking cessation, e-cigarettes have been identified as a gateway to smoking habits for young people. Multiple recent reports have described the health effects of inhaling e-cigarettes. E-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) is mainly composed of propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol (Gly), and the aerosol generated by these devices primarily contains these two components. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of PG and Gly on human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). Methods SAECs were exposed to PG or Gly, and cell proliferation, cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, DNA damage, cell cycle, and apoptosis were evaluated. Additionally, SAECs derived from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients (COPD-SAECs) were investigated. Results Exposure of SAECs to PG significantly inhibited proliferation (1%, PG, p = 0.021; 2–4% PG, p < 0.0001) and decreased cell viability (1–4% PG, p < 0.0001) in a concentration-dependent manner. Gly elicited similar effects but to a reduced degree as compared to the same concentration of PG. PG also increased LDH release in a concentration-dependent manner (3% PG, p = 0.0055; 4% PG, p < 0.0001), whereas Gly did not show a significant effect on LDH release. SAECs exposed to 4% PG contained more cells that were positive for phosphorylated histone H2AX (p < 0.0001), a marker of DNA damage, and an increased proportion of cells in the G1 phase (p < 0.0001) and increased p21 expression (p = 0.0005). Moreover, caspase 3/7-activated cells and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 expression were increased in SAECs exposed to 4% PG (p = 0.0054). Furthermore, comparing COPD-SAECs to SAECs without COPD in PG exposure, cell proliferation, cell viability, DNA damage and apoptosis were significantly greater in COPD-SAECs. Conclusion PG damaged SAECs more than Gly. In addition, COPD-SAECs were more susceptible to PG than SAECs without COPD. Usage of e-cigarettes may be harmful to the respiratory system, especially in patients with COPD.
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Zhang LX, Tian YG, Zhao P, Feng SX, Han XX, Li JS. Network pharmacology analysis uncovers the effect on apoptotic pathway by Bu-Fei formula for COPD treatment. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 289:115022. [PMID: 35074456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Bu-Fei formula (BFF) has a positive effect on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, its therapeutic mechanisms against COPD remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore BFF's therapeutic effect on COPD and pharmacological mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS First, the effect of BFF on rats with COPD was studied. Rats were randomly assigned to the blank, COPD, BFF treatment, and aminophylline (APL) treatment groups. From weeks 1-8, the COPD model was established by Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and cigarette smoke. Then, rats were given corresponding treatment for 8 weeks. The lung function of the rats was analyzed by whole-body plethysmography and pulmonary function testing, lung histopathology by electron microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin staining, and protein levels by immunohistochemistry. Next, the key components and targets of BFF in COPD were screened by network pharmacology analysis. Finally, the possible mechanism was verified through molecular docking and in vivo experiments. RESULTS BFF significantly improved lung function and lung histopathology in COPD rats and inhibit inflammation and collagen deposition in lung tissues. Also, 46 bioactive compounds and 136 BFF targets related to COPD were identified; among them, 3 compounds (quercetin, luteolin, and nobiletin) and 6 core targets (Akt1, BCL2, NF-κB p65, VEGFA, MMP9, and Caspase 8) were the key molecules associated with the mechanisms of BFF. The target enrichment analysis suggested that BFF's mechanisms might involve the apoptosis-related pathway; this possibility was supported by the molecular docking data. Lastly, BFF was indicated to increase the expression of core target genes and the production of apoptosis-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS BFF affects COPD by regulating the apoptosis-related pathways and targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Xi Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed By Henan Province & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yan-Ge Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed By Henan Province & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed By Henan Province & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed By Henan Province & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed By Henan Province & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Jian-Sheng Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases Co-constructed By Henan Province & Education Ministry of PR China, Zhengzhou, 450046, Henan Province, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Respiratory Disease, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Margaroli C, Madison MC, Viera L, Russell DW, Gaggar A, Genschmer KR, Blalock JE. A novel in vivo model for extracellular vesicle-induced emphysema. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153560. [PMID: 35077395 PMCID: PMC8876451 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a debilitating chronic disease and the third-leading cause of mortality worldwide. It is characterized by airway neutrophilia, promoting tissue injury through release of toxic mediators and proteases. Recently, it has been shown that neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from lungs of patients with COPD can cause a neutrophil elastase–dependent (NE-dependent) COPD-like disease upon transfer to mouse airways. However, in vivo preclinical models elucidating the impact of EVs on disease are lacking, delaying opportunities for therapeutic testing. Here, we developed an in vivo preclinical mouse model of lung EV–induced COPD. EVs from in vivo LPS-activated mouse neutrophils induced COPD-like disease in naive recipients through an α-1 antitrypsin–resistant, NE-dependent mechanism. Together, these results show a key pathogenic and mechanistic role for neutrophil-derived EVs in a mouse model of COPD. Broadly, the in vivo model described herein could be leveraged to develop targeted therapies for severe lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - Matthew C. Madison
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
| | - Derek W. Russell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
- Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kristopher R. Genschmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, and
| | - J. Edwin Blalock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine
- Lung Health Center and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Nasri A, Foisset F, Ahmed E, Lahmar Z, Vachier I, Jorgensen C, Assou S, Bourdin A, De Vos J. Roles of Mesenchymal Cells in the Lung: From Lung Development to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Cells 2021; 10:3467. [PMID: 34943975 PMCID: PMC8700565 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are an essential cell type because of their role in tissue support, their multilineage differentiation capacities and their potential clinical applications. They play a crucial role during lung development by interacting with airway epithelium, and also during lung regeneration and remodeling after injury. However, much less is known about their function in lung disease. In this review, we discuss the origins of mesenchymal cells during lung development, their crosstalk with the epithelium, and their role in lung diseases, particularly in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Nasri
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Florent Foisset
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Engi Ahmed
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Zakaria Lahmar
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Said Assou
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (E.A.); (Z.L.); (I.V.); (A.B.)
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - John De Vos
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France; (A.N.); (F.F.); (C.J.); (S.A.)
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Université de Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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10
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Epithelial-stromal cell interactions and extracellular matrix mechanics drive the formation of airway-mimetic tubular morphology in lung organoids. iScience 2021; 24:103061. [PMID: 34585112 PMCID: PMC8450245 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex human airway cellular organization where extracellular matrix (ECM) and epithelial and stromal lineages interact present challenges for organ study in vitro. Current in vitro lung models that focus on the lung epithelium do not represent complex airway morphology and cell-ECM interactions seen in vivo. Models including stromal populations often separate them via a semipermeable barrier precluding cell–cell interaction or the effect of ECM mechanics. We investigated the effect of stromal cells on basal epithelial cell-derived bronchosphere structure and function through a triple culture of human bronchial epithelial, lung fibroblast, and airway smooth muscle cells. Epithelial–stromal cross-talk resulted in epithelial cell-driven branching tubules with stromal cells surrounding epithelial cells termed bronchotubules. Agarose– Matrigel scaffold (Agrigel) formed a mechanically tuneable ECM, with adjustable viscoelasticity and stiffness enabling long-term tubule survival. Bronchotubule models may enable research into how epithelial–stromal cell and cell–ECM communication drive tissue patterning, repair, and development of disease. Healthy lung epithelial and fibroblast cell coculture in Matrigel forms tubules Tubules collapse in 4 days Addition of healthy airway smooth muscle cells allows for a contractile phenotype Triple culture in stiffer matrix maintains tubular organoid structure for 20 days
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11
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Mahfouzi SH, Safiabadi Tali SH, Amoabediny G. Decellularized human-sized pulmonary scaffolds for lung tissue engineering: a comprehensive review. Regen Med 2021; 16:757-774. [PMID: 34431331 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultimate goal of lung bioengineering is to produce transplantable lungs for human beings. Therefore, large-scale studies are of high importance. In this paper, we review the investigations on decellularization and recellularization of human-sized lung scaffolds. First, studies that introduce new ways to enhance the decellularization of large-scale lungs are reviewed, followed by the investigations on the xenogeneic sources of lung scaffolds. Then, decellularization and recellularization of diseased lung scaffolds are discussed to assess their usefulness for tissue engineering applications. Next, the use of stem cells in recellularizing acellular lung scaffolds is reviewed, followed by the case studies on the transplantation of bioengineered lungs. Finally, the remaining challenges are discussed, and future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, No. 4, Orouji all., 16 Azar St., 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Busch SM, Lorenzana Z, Ryan AL. Implications for Extracellular Matrix Interactions With Human Lung Basal Stem Cells in Lung Development, Disease, and Airway Modeling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645858. [PMID: 34054525 PMCID: PMC8149957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not simply a quiescent scaffold. This three-dimensional network of extracellular macromolecules provides structural, mechanical, and biochemical support for the cells of the lung. Throughout life, the ECM forms a critical component of the pulmonary stem cell niche. Basal cells (BCs), the primary stem cells of the airways capable of differentiating to all luminal cell types, reside in close proximity to the basolateral ECM. Studying BC-ECM interactions is important for the development of therapies for chronic lung diseases in which ECM alterations are accompanied by an apparent loss of the lung’s regenerative capacity. The complexity and importance of the native ECM in the regulation of BCs is highlighted as we have yet to create an in vitro culture model that is capable of supporting the long-term expansion of multipotent BCs. The interactions between the pulmonary ECM and BCs are, therefore, a vital component for understanding the mechanisms regulating BC stemness during health and disease. If we are able to replicate these interactions in airway models, we could significantly improve our ability to maintain basal cell stemness ex vivo for use in in vitro models and with prospects for cellular therapies. Furthermore, successful, and sustained airway regeneration in an aged or diseased lung by small molecules, novel compounds or via cellular therapy will rely upon both manipulation of the airway stem cells and their immediate niche within the lung. This review will focus on the current understanding of how the pulmonary ECM regulates the basal stem cell function, how this relationship changes in chronic disease, and how replicating native conditions poses challenges for ex vivo cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana M Busch
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zareeb Lorenzana
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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13
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Hedström U, Öberg L, Vaarala O, Dellgren G, Silverborn M, Bjermer L, Westergren-Thorsson G, Hallgren O, Zhou X. Impaired Differentiation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Bronchial Epithelial Cells Grown on Bronchial Scaffolds. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:201-213. [PMID: 33882260 PMCID: PMC8399573 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0395oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airway inflammation, small airway remodeling, and emphysema. Airway remodeling in patients with COPD involves both the airway epithelium and the subepithelial extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it is currently unknown how epithelial remodeling in COPD airways depends on the relative influence from inherent defects in the epithelial cells and alterations in the ECM. To address this, we analyzed global gene expression in COPD human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) and normal HBEC after repopulation on decellularized bronchial scaffolds derived from patients with COPD or donors without COPD. COPD HBEC grown on bronchial scaffolds showed an impaired ability to initiate ciliated-cell differentiation, which was evident on all scaffolds regardless of their origin. In addition, although normal HBEC were less affected by the disease state of the bronchial scaffolds, COPD HBEC showed a gene expression pattern indicating increased proliferation and a retained basal-cell phenotype when grown on COPD bronchial scaffolds compared with normal bronchial scaffolds. By using mass spectrometry, we identified 13 matrisome proteins as being differentially abundant between COPD bronchial scaffolds and normal bronchial scaffolds. These observations are consistent with COPD pathology and suggest that both epithelial cells and the ECM contribute to epithelial-cell remodeling in COPD airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Hedström
- Department of Bioscience COPD/IPF, and.,Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and
| | - Lisa Öberg
- Department of Translational Science and Experimental Medicine, Research and Early Development, Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals Research and Development, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Göran Dellgren
- Transplant Institute and.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Silverborn
- Transplant Institute and.,Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
| | | | - Oskar Hallgren
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, and.,Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; and
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14
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Elowsson Rendin L, Löfdahl A, Kadefors M, Söderlund Z, Tykesson E, Rolandsson Enes S, Wigén J, Westergren-Thorsson G. Harnessing the ECM Microenvironment to Ameliorate Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Based Therapy in Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645558. [PMID: 34040521 PMCID: PMC8142268 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that the cell environment such as biomechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition dictate cell behaviour including migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Important constituents of the microenvironment, including ECM molecules such as proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), determine events in both embryogenesis and repair of the adult lung. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSC) have been shown to have immunomodulatory properties and may be potent actors regulating tissue remodelling and regenerative cell responses upon lung injury. Using MSC in cell-based therapy holds promise for treatment of chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, so far clinical trials with MSCs in COPD have not had a significant impact on disease amelioration nor on IPF, where low cell survival rate and pulmonary retention time are major hurdles to overcome. Research shows that the microenvironment has a profound impact on transplanted MSCs. In our studies on acellular lung tissue slices (lung scaffolds) from IPF patients versus healthy individuals, we see a profound effect on cellular activity, where healthy cells cultured in diseased lung scaffolds adapt and produce proteins further promoting a diseased environment, whereas cells on healthy scaffolds sustain a healthy proteomic profile. Therefore, modulating the environmental context for cell-based therapy may be a potent way to improve treatment using MSCs. In this review, we will describe the importance of the microenvironment for cell-based therapy in chronic lung diseases, how MSC-ECM interactions can affect therapeutic output and describe current progress in the field of cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Elowsson Rendin
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Löfdahl
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Måns Kadefors
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zackarias Söderlund
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Wigén
- Lung Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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15
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Mahfouzi SH, Amoabediny G, Safiabadi Tali SH. Advances in bioreactors for lung bioengineering: From scalable cell culture to tissue growth monitoring. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2142-2167. [PMID: 33629350 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung bioengineering has emerged to resolve the current lung transplantation limitations and risks, including the shortage of donor organs and the high rejection rate of transplanted lungs. One of the most critical elements of lung bioengineering is bioreactors. Bioreactors with different applications have been developed in the last decade for lung bioengineering approaches, aiming to produce functional reproducible tissue constructs. Here, the current status and advances made in the development and application of bioreactors for bioengineering lungs are comprehensively reviewed. First, bioreactor design criteria are explained, followed by a discussion on using bioreactors as a culture system for scalable expansion and proliferation of lung cells, such as producing epithelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Next, bioreactor systems facilitating and improving decellularization and recellularization of lung tissues are discussed, highlighting the studies that developed bioreactors for producing engineered human-sized lungs. Then, monitoring bioreactors are reviewed, showing their ability to evaluate and optimize the culture conditions for maturing engineered lung tissues, followed by an explanation on the ability of ex vivo lung perfusion systems for reconditioning the lungs before transplantation. After that, lung cancer studies simplified by bioreactors are discussed, showing the potentials of bioreactors in lung disease modeling. Finally, other platforms with the potential of facilitating lung bioengineering are described, including the in vivo bioreactors and lung-on-a-chip models. In the end, concluding remarks and future directions are put forward to accelerate lung bioengineering using bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Mahfouzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghassem Amoabediny
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Safiabadi Tali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Research Center for New Technologies in Life Science Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Barnes PJ, Anderson GP, Fagerås M, Belvisi MG. Chronic lung diseases: prospects for regeneration and repair. Eur Respir Rev 2021; 30:30/159/200213. [PMID: 33408088 PMCID: PMC9488945 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0213-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) together represent a considerable unmet medical need, and advances in their treatment lag well behind those of other chronic conditions. Both diseases involve maladaptive repair mechanisms leading to progressive and irreversible damage. However, our understanding of the complex underlying disease mechanisms is incomplete; with current diagnostic approaches, COPD and IPF are often discovered at an advanced stage and existing definitions of COPD and IPF can be misleading. To halt or reverse disease progression and achieve lung regeneration, there is a need for earlier identification and treatment of these diseases. A precision medicine approach to treatment is also important, involving the recognition of disease subtypes, or endotypes, according to underlying disease mechanisms, rather than the current “one-size-fits-all” approach. This review is based on discussions at a meeting involving 38 leading global experts in chronic lung disease mechanisms, and describes advances in the understanding of the pathology and molecular mechanisms of COPD and IPF to identify potential targets for reversing disease degeneration and promoting tissue repair and lung regeneration. We also discuss limitations of existing disease measures, technical advances in understanding disease pathology, and novel methods for targeted drug delivery. Treatment outcomes with COPD and IPF are suboptimal. Better understanding of the diseases, such as targetable repair mechanisms, may generate novel therapies, and earlier diagnosis and treatment is needed to stop or even reverse disease progression.https://bit.ly/2Ga8J1g
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Barnes
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gary P Anderson
- Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Maria G Belvisi
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Respiratory and Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Nguyen JMK, Robinson DN, Sidhaye VK. Why new biology must be uncovered to advance therapeutic strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L1-L11. [PMID: 33174444 PMCID: PMC7847061 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00367.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the destruction of alveolar tissue (in emphysema) and airway remodeling (leading to chronic bronchitis), which cause difficulties in breathing. It is a growing public health concern with few therapeutic options that can reverse disease progression or mortality. This is in part because current treatments mainly focus on ameliorating symptoms induced by inflammatory pathways as opposed to curing disease. Hence, emerging research focused on upstream pathways are likely to be beneficial in the development of efficient therapeutics to address the root causes of disease. Some of these pathways include mitochondrial function, cytoskeletal structure and maintenance, and airway hydration, which are all affected by toxins that contribute to COPD. Because of the complexity of COPD and unknown targets for disease onset, simpler model organisms have proved to be useful tools in identifying disease-relevant pathways and targets. This review summarizes COPD pathology, current treatments, and therapeutic discovery research, with a focus on the aforementioned pathways that can advance the therapeutic landscape of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M K Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Robinson KS, Teo DET, Tan KS, Toh GA, Ong HH, Lim CK, Lay K, Au BV, Lew TS, Chu JJH, Chow VTK, Wang DY, Zhong FL, Reversade B. Enteroviral 3C protease activates the human NLRP1 inflammasome in airway epithelia. Science 2020; 370:eaay2002. [PMID: 33093214 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune sensor proteins are critical to the function of the human innate immune system. The full repertoire of cognate triggers for human immune sensors is not fully understood. Here, we report that human NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 1 (NLRP1) is activated by 3C proteases (3Cpros) of enteroviruses, such as human rhinovirus (HRV). 3Cpros directly cleave human NLRP1 at a single site between Glu130 and Gly131 This cleavage triggers N-glycine-mediated degradation of the autoinhibitory NLRP1 N-terminal fragment via the cullinZER1/ZYG11B complex, which liberates the activating C-terminal fragment. Infection of primary human airway epithelial cells by live human HRV triggers NLRP1-dependent inflammasome activation and interleukin-18 secretion. Our findings establish 3Cpros as a pathogen-derived trigger for the human NLRP1 inflammasome and suggest that NLRP1 may contribute to inflammatory diseases of the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Robinson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
| | - Daniel Eng Thiam Teo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Kai Sen Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Gee Ann Toh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Hui Ong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Chrissie Kaishi Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Lay
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
| | - Bijin Veonice Au
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Tian Sheng Lew
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Justin Jang Hann Chu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Vincent Tak Kwong Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - De Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
| | - Franklin L Zhong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency of Science, Technological and Research, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, 138648, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, 138673, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, 138672, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Drive, 117597, Singapore
- The Medical Genetics Department, Koç University School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
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19
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Xing H, Lee H, Luo L, Kyriakides TR. Extracellular matrix-derived biomaterials in engineering cell function. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 42:107421. [PMID: 31381963 PMCID: PMC6995418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived components are emerging sources for the engineering of biomaterials that are capable of inducing desirable cell-specific responses. This review explores the use of biomaterials derived from naturally occurring ECM proteins and their derivatives in approaches that aim to regulate cell function. Biomaterials addressed are grouped into six categories: purified single ECM proteins, combinations of purified ECM proteins, cell-derived ECM, tissue-derived ECM, diseased and modified ECM, and ECM-polymer coupled biomaterials. Purified ECM proteins serve as a material coating for enhanced cell adhesion and biocompatibility. Cell-derived and tissue-derived ECM, generated by cell isolation and decellularization technologies, can capture the native state of the ECM environment and guide cell migration and alignment patterns as well as stem cell differentiation. We focus primarily on recent advances in the fields of soft tissue, cardiac, and dermal repair, and explore the utilization of ECM proteins as biomaterials to engineer cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Hudson Lee
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Lijing Luo
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, United States of America
| | - Themis R Kyriakides
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, United States of America; Department of Pathology, Yale University, United States of America.
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20
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Hasan NAHM, Harith HH, Israf DA, Tham CL. The differential effects of commercial specialized media on cell growth and transforming growth factor beta 1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:3511-3519. [PMID: 32279207 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05439-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the mechanisms that contribute to bronchial remodelling which underlie chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and asthma. Bronchial EMT can be triggered by many factors including transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). The majority of studies on TGFβ1-mediated bronchial EMT used BEGM as the culture medium. LHC-9 medium is another alternative available which is more economical but a less common option. Using normal human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) cultured in BEGM as a reference, this study aims to validate the induction of EMT by TGFβ1 in cells cultured in LHC-9. Briefly, the cells were maintained in either LHC-9 or BEGM, and induced with TGFβ1 (5, 10 and 20 ng/ml) for 48 h. EMT induction was confirmed by morphological analysis and EMT markers expression by immunoblotting. In both media, cells induced with TGFβ1 displayed spindle-like morphology with a significantly higher radius ratio compared to non-induced cells which displayed a cobblestone morphology. Correspondingly, the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly lower, whereas the mesenchymal marker vimentin expression was significantly higher in induced cells, compared to non-induced cells. By contrast, a slower cell growth rate was observed in LHC-9 compared to that of BEGM. This study demonstrates that neither LHC-9 nor BEGM significantly influence TGFβ1-induced bronchial EMT. However, LHC-9 is less optimal for bronchial epithelial cell growth compared to BEGM. Thus, LHC-9 may be a more cost-effective substitute for BEGM, provided that time is not a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Amilia Hanie Mohamad Hasan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanis Hazeera Harith
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Daud Ahmad Israf
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chau Ling Tham
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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21
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Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) have contrasting clinical and pathological characteristics and interesting whole-genome transcriptomic profiles. However, data from public repositories are difficult to reprocess and reanalyze. Here, we present PulmonDB, a web-based database (http://pulmondb.liigh.unam.mx/) and R library that facilitates exploration of gene expression profiles for these diseases by integrating transcriptomic data and curated annotation from different sources. We demonstrated the value of this resource by presenting the expression of already well-known genes of COPD and IPF across multiple experiments and the results of two differential expression analyses in which we successfully identified differences and similarities. With this first version of PulmonDB, we create a new hypothesis and compare the two diseases from a transcriptomics perspective.
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22
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Genschmer KR, Russell DW, Lal C, Szul T, Bratcher PE, Noerager BD, Abdul Roda M, Xu X, Rezonzew G, Viera L, Dobosh BS, Margaroli C, Abdalla TH, King RW, McNicholas CM, Wells JM, Dransfield MT, Tirouvanziam R, Gaggar A, Blalock JE. Activated PMN Exosomes: Pathogenic Entities Causing Matrix Destruction and Disease in the Lung. Cell 2019; 176:113-126.e15. [PMID: 30633902 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we describe a novel pathogenic entity, the activated PMN (polymorphonuclear leukocyte, i.e., neutrophil)-derived exosome. These CD63+/CD66b+ nanovesicles acquire surface-bound neutrophil elastase (NE) during PMN degranulation, NE being oriented in a configuration resistant to α1-antitrypsin (α1AT). These exosomes bind and degrade extracellular matrix (ECM) via the integrin Mac-1 and NE, respectively, causing the hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Due to both ECM targeting and α1AT resistance, exosomal NE is far more potent than free NE. Importantly, such PMN-derived exosomes exist in clinical specimens from subjects with COPD but not healthy controls and are capable of transferring a COPD-like phenotype from humans to mice in an NE-driven manner. Similar findings were observed for another neutrophil-driven disease of ECM remodeling (bronchopulmonary dysplasia [BPD]). These findings reveal an unappreciated role for exosomes in the pathogenesis of disorders of ECM homeostasis such as COPD and BPD, providing a critical mechanism for proteolytic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Genschmer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Derek W Russell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Charitharth Lal
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tomasz Szul
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Preston E Bratcher
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | - Mojtaba Abdul Roda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gabriel Rezonzew
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Translational Research in Disordered and Normal Development Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Liliana Viera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Brian S Dobosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of CF and Airways Disease Research, and Program in Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Camilla Margaroli
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of CF and Airways Disease Research, and Program in Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tarek H Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Robert W King
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Carmel M McNicholas
- Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Michael Wells
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Medical Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mark T Dransfield
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Medical Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of CF and Airways Disease Research, and Program in Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Medical Service, Birmingham VA Medical Center Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - J Edwin Blalock
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Lung Health Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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23
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Wigén J, Elowsson-Rendin L, Karlsson L, Tykesson E, Westergren-Thorsson G. Glycosaminoglycans: A Link Between Development and Regeneration in the Lung. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:823-832. [PMID: 31062651 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
What can we learn from embryogenesis to increase our understanding of how regeneration of damaged adult lung tissue could be induced in serious lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and asthma? The local tissue niche determines events in both embryogenesis and repair of the adult lung. Important constituents of the niche are extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, including proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). GAGs, strategically located in the pericellular and extracellular space, bind developmentally active growth factors (GFs) and morphogens such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) aside from cytokines. These interactions affect activities in many cells, including stem cells, important in development and tissue regeneration. Moreover, it is becoming clear that the "inherent code," such as sulfation of disaccharides of GAGs, is a strong determinant of cellular outcome. Sulfation patterns, deacetylations, and epimerizations of GAG chains function as tuning forks in gradient formation of morphogens, growth factors, and cytokines. Learning to tune these fine instruments, that is, interactions between GFs, chemokines, and cytokines with the specific disaccharide code of GAGs in the adult lung, could become the key to unlock inherent regenerative forces to override pathological remodeling. This review aims to provide an overview of the role GAGs play during development and similar events in regenerative efforts in the adult lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Wigén
- Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa Karlsson
- Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Biology, Lund, Sweden
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24
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Weinhart M, Hocke A, Hippenstiel S, Kurreck J, Hedtrich S. 3D organ models-Revolution in pharmacological research? Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:446-451. [PMID: 30395949 PMCID: PMC7129286 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
3D organ models have gained increasing attention as novel preclinical test systems and alternatives to animal testing. Over the years, many excellent in vitro tissue models have been developed. In parallel, microfluidic organ-on-a-chip tissue cultures have gained increasing interest for their ability to house several organ models on a single device and interlink these within a human-like environment. In contrast to these advancements, the development of human disease models is still in its infancy. Although major advances have recently been made, efforts still need to be intensified. Human disease models have proven valuable for their ability to closely mimic disease patterns in vitro, permitting the study of pathophysiological features and new treatment options. Although animal studies remain the gold standard for preclinical testing, they have major drawbacks such as high cost and ongoing controversy over their predictive value for several human conditions. Moreover, there is growing political and social pressure to develop alternatives to animal models, clearly promoting the search for valid, cost-efficient and easy-to-handle systems lacking interspecies-related differences. In this review, we discuss the current state of the art regarding 3D organ as well as the opportunities, limitations and future implications of their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Weinhart
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hocke
- Dept. of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Dept. of Infectious and Respiratory Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Technical University Berlin, Institute for Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hedtrich
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, Berlin, 14195, Germany.
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25
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Gilpin SE, Wagner DE. Acellular human lung scaffolds to model lung disease and tissue regeneration. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180021. [PMID: 29875137 PMCID: PMC9488127 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0021-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in whole lung bioengineering have opened new doors for studying lung repair and regeneration ex vivo using acellular human derived lung tissue scaffolds. Methods to decellularise whole human lungs, lobes or resected segments from normal and diseased human lungs have been developed using both perfusion and immersion based techniques. Immersion based techniques allow laboratories without access to intact lobes the ability to generate acellular human lung scaffolds. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be further processed into small segments, thin slices or extracellular matrix extracts, to study cell behaviour such as viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Recent studies have offered important proof of concept of generating sufficient primary endothelial and lung epithelial cells to recellularise whole lobes that can be maintained for several days ex vivo in a bioreactor to study regeneration. In parallel, acellular human lung scaffolds have been increasingly used for studying cell–extracellular environment interactions. These studies have helped provide new insights into the role of the matrix and the extracellular environment in chronic human lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Acellular human lung scaffolds are a versatile new tool for studying human lung repair and regeneration ex vivo. Acellular human lung scaffolds can be used as diverse tools to study lung disease and tissue regeneration ex vivohttp://ow.ly/ZS0l30k9MEH
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Gilpin
- Laboratory for Organ Engineering and Regeneration, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darcy E Wagner
- Lund University, Dept of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lung Bioengineering and Regeneration, Lund, Sweden .,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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