1
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Zheng P, Kumadaki K, Quek C, Lim ZH, Ashenafi Y, Yip ZT, Newby J, Alverson AJ, Jie Y, Jedd G. Cooperative motility, force generation and mechanosensing in a foraging non-photosynthetic diatom. Open Biol 2023; 13:230148. [PMID: 37788707 PMCID: PMC10547550 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.230148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are ancestrally photosynthetic microalgae. However, some underwent a major evolutionary transition, losing photosynthesis to become obligate heterotrophs. The molecular and physiological basis for this transition is unclear. Here, we isolate and characterize new strains of non-photosynthetic diatoms from the coastal waters of Singapore. These diatoms occupy diverse ecological niches and display glucose-mediated catabolite repression, a classical feature of bacterial and fungal heterotrophs. Live-cell imaging reveals deposition of secreted extracellular polymeric substance (EPS). Diatoms moving on pre-existing EPS trails (runners) move faster than those laying new trails (blazers). This leads to cell-to-cell coupling where runners can push blazers to make them move faster. Calibrated micropipettes measure substantial single-cell pushing forces, which are consistent with high-order myosin motor cooperativity. Collisions that impede forward motion induce reversal, revealing navigation-related force sensing. Together, these data identify aspects of metabolism and motility that are likely to promote and underpin diatom heterotrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore
| | - Kayo Kumadaki
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | | | - Zeng Hao Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yonatan Ashenafi
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Zhi Ting Yip
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jay Newby
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G1
| | - Andrew J. Alverson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, SCEN 601, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Yan Jie
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 117542 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Gregory Jedd
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 117604 Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Cryopreservation of the Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040562. [PMID: 36831229 PMCID: PMC9954032 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Each phytoplankton species presents a different behavior and tolerance to the cryopreservation process. Therefore, in a species-specific protocol, it is essential to ensure both growth and post-thawing cell viability. In this study, we explored the effect of cryopreservation of Scenedesmus sp. with two cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (MET), at 5% and 10% inclusion for each. In the control treatment, the microalgae were not exposed to cryoprotective agents (Control). Three post-thawing cell viability criteria were used: no cell damage (NCD), cell damage (CD), and marked lesions (LM), and mitochondrial and cell membrane damage was evaluated by flow cytometry. The study was a 2 × 2 factorial design, with five replications by treatments, population growth, and cell damage evaluated from the fifth day after thawing. On the fifth day, the highest percentage of NCD was observed when the microalgae were cryopreserved with DMSO 5% (50%); Regarding the control group, it showed 0% NCD. Flow cytometry analysis reveals minor damage at the membrane and mitochondria (9-10.7%) when DMSO is used at both inclusion percentages (5-10%) after thawing. In the exponential phase, the highest growth rates, doubling time, and yield was observed in cryopreserved cells with MET 5%. The results suggest that DMSO 5% is an ideal treatment for cryopreserving microalgae Scenedesmus sp.
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3
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Microalgal culture preservation: Progress, trends and future developments. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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4
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Kihika JK, Wood SA, Rhodes L, Smith KF, Miller MR, Pochon X, Thompson L, Butler J, Schattschneider J, Oakley C, Ryan KG. Cryopreservation of six Symbiodiniaceae genera and assessment of fatty acid profiles in response to increased salinity treatments. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12408. [PMID: 35859115 PMCID: PMC9300622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16735-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiodiniaceae are a diverse group of dinoflagellates, the majority of which are free-living and/or associated with a variety of protists and other invertebrate hosts. Maintenance of isolated cultures is labour-intensive and expensive, and cryopreservation provides an excellent avenue for their long-term storage. We aimed to cryopreserve 15 cultured isolates from six Symbiodiniaceae genera using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the cryoprotectant agent (CPA). Under 15% DMSO, 10 isolates were successfully cryopreserved using either rapid freezing or controlled-rate freezing. Cultures that failed or had low survival, were subjected to (1) a reduction of CPA to 10%, or (2) increased salinity treatment before freezing. At 10% DMSO, three further isolates were successfully cryopreserved. At 15% DMSO there were high cell viabilities in Symbiodinium pilosum treated with 44 parts per thousand (ppt) and 54 ppt culture medium. An isolate of Fugacium sp. successfully cryopreserved after salinity treatments of 54 ppt and 64 ppt. Fatty acid (FA) analyses of S. pilosum after 54 ppt salinity treatment showed increased saturated FA levels, whereas Fugacium sp. had low poly-unsaturated FAs compared to normal salinity (34 ppt). Understanding the effects of salinity and roles of FAs in cryopreservation will help in developing protocols for these ecologically important taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Kanyi Kihika
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand. .,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand.
| | - Susanna A Wood
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Lesley Rhodes
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Kirsty F Smith
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | | | - Xavier Pochon
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand.,Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth, 0941, New Zealand
| | - Lucy Thompson
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | - Juliette Butler
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
| | | | - Clint Oakley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Ken G Ryan
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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5
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Gabed N, Verret F, Peticca A, Kryvoruchko I, Gastineau R, Bosson O, Séveno J, Davidovich O, Davidovich N, Witkowski A, Kristoffersen JB, Benali A, Ioannou E, Koutsaviti A, Roussis V, Gâteau H, Phimmaha S, Leignel V, Badawi M, Khiar F, Francezon N, Fodil M, Pasetto P, Mouget JL. What Was Old Is New Again: The Pennate Diatom Haslea ostrearia (Gaillon) Simonsen in the Multi-Omic Age. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040234. [PMID: 35447907 PMCID: PMC9033121 DOI: 10.3390/md20040234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine pennate diatom Haslea ostrearia has long been known for its characteristic blue pigment marennine, which is responsible for the greening of invertebrate gills, a natural phenomenon of great importance for the oyster industry. For two centuries, this taxon was considered unique; however, the recent description of a new blue Haslea species revealed unsuspected biodiversity. Marennine-like pigments are natural blue dyes that display various biological activities—e.g., antibacterial, antioxidant and antiproliferative—with a great potential for applications in the food, feed, cosmetic and health industries. Regarding fundamental prospects, researchers use model organisms as standards to study cellular and physiological processes in other organisms, and there is a growing and crucial need for more, new and unconventional model organisms to better correspond to the diversity of the tree of life. The present work, thus, advocates for establishing H. ostrearia as a new model organism by presenting its pros and cons—i.e., the interesting aspects of this peculiar diatom (representative of benthic-epiphytic phytoplankton, with original behavior and chemodiversity, controlled sexual reproduction, fundamental and applied-oriented importance, reference genome, and transcriptome will soon be available); it will also present the difficulties encountered before this becomes a reality as it is for other diatom models (the genetics of the species in its infancy, the transformation feasibility to be explored, the routine methods needed to cryopreserve strains of interest).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noujoud Gabed
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Oran High School of Biological Sciences (ESSBO), Cellular and Molecular Biology Department, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratoire d’Aquaculture et Bioremediation AquaBior, Université d’Oran 1, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Verret
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-337-852
| | - Aurélie Peticca
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Igor Kryvoruchko
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (R.G.); (N.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Orlane Bosson
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Julie Séveno
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Olga Davidovich
- Karadag Scientific Station, Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurortnoe, 98188 Feodosiya, Russia;
| | - Nikolai Davidovich
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (R.G.); (N.D.); (A.W.)
- Karadag Scientific Station, Natural Reserve of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurortnoe, 98188 Feodosiya, Russia;
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (R.G.); (N.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Jon Bent Kristoffersen
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
| | - Amel Benali
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Gournes Pediados, 71003 Heraklion, Greece; (N.G.); (J.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Aquaculture et Bioremediation AquaBior, Université d’Oran 1, Oran 31000, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie d’Oran Mohamed BOUDIAF-USTO-MB, BP 1505, El M’naouer, Oran 31000, Algeria
| | - Efstathia Ioannou
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.I.); (A.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Aikaterini Koutsaviti
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.I.); (A.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Vassilios Roussis
- Section of Pharmacognosy and Chemistry of Natural Products, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece; (E.I.); (A.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Hélène Gâteau
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Suliya Phimmaha
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Vincent Leignel
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Myriam Badawi
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Feriel Khiar
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Nellie Francezon
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 2085 Le Mans, France; (N.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Mostefa Fodil
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
| | - Pamela Pasetto
- Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans, UMR CNRS 6283, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 2085 Le Mans, France; (N.F.); (P.P.)
| | - Jean-Luc Mouget
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes, Stress, Santé, Environnement (BiOSSE), Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.P.); (O.B.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (S.P.); (V.L.); (M.B.); (F.K.); (M.F.); (J.-L.M.)
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6
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Ravanbakhsh H, Luo Z, Zhang X, Maharjan S, Mirkarimi HS, Tang G, Chávez-Madero C, Mongeau L, Zhang YS. Freeform Cell-Laden Cryobioprinting for Shelf-Ready Tissue Fabrication and Storage. MATTER 2022; 5:573-593. [PMID: 35695821 PMCID: PMC9173715 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
One significant drawback of existing bioprinted tissues is their lack of shelf-availability caused by complications in both fabrication and storage. Here, we report a cryobioprinting strategy for simultaneously fabricating and storing cell-laden volumetric tissue constructs through seamlessly combining extrusion bioprinting and cryopreservation. The cryobioprinting performance was investigated by designing, fabricating, and storing cell-laden constructs made of our optimized cryoprotective gelatin-based bioinks using a freezing plate with precisely controllable temperature. The in situ freezing process further promoted the printability of cell-laden hydrogel bioinks to achieve freeform structures otherwise inconvenient with direct extrusion bioprinting. The effects of bioink composition on printability and cell viability were evaluated. The functionality of the method was finally investigated using cell differentiation and chick ex ovo assays. The results confirmed the feasibility and efficacy of cryobioprinting as a single-step method for concurrent tissue biofabrication and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ravanbakhsh
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0C3, Canada
| | - Zeyu Luo
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital/West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hengameh S. Mirkarimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, École de technologie supérieure, Montreal, QC, H3C1K3, Canada
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carolina Chávez-Madero
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecatrónica y Electrónica, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, NL, México
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A0C3, Canada
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Lead contact:
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7
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Cryoprotectant treatment tests on three morphologically diverse marine dinoflagellates and the cryopreservation of Breviolum sp. (Symbiodiniaceae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:646. [PMID: 35027556 PMCID: PMC8758677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are among the most diverse group of microalgae. Many dinoflagellate species have been isolated and cultured, and these are used for scientific, industrial, pharmaceutical, and agricultural applications. Maintaining cultures is time-consuming, expensive, and there is a risk of contamination or genetic drift. Cryopreservation offers an efficient means for their long-term preservation. Cryopreservation of larger dinoflagellate species is challenging and to date there has been only limited success. In this study, we explored the effect of cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) and freezing methods on three species: Vulcanodinium rugosum, Alexandrium pacificum and Breviolum sp. A total of 12 CPAs were assessed at concentrations between 5 and 15%, as well as in combination with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and other non-penetrating CPAs. Two freezing techniques were employed: rapid freezing and controlled-rate freezing. Breviolum sp. was successfully cryopreserved using 15% DMSO. Despite exploring different CPAs and optimizing the freezing techniques, we were unable to successfully cryopreserve V. rugosum and A. pacificum. For Breviolum sp. there was higher cell viability (45.4 ± 2.2%) when using the controlled-rate freezing compared to the rapid freezing technique (10.0 ± 2.8%). This optimized cryopreservation protocol will be of benefit for the cryopreservation of other species from the family Symbiodiniaceae.
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8
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Hejduková E, Nedbalová L. Experimental freezing of freshwater pennate diatoms from polar habitats. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1213-1229. [PMID: 33909137 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are microalgae that thrive in a range of habitats worldwide including polar areas. Remarkably, non-marine pennate diatoms do not create any morphologically distinct dormant stages that could help them to successfully face unfavourable conditions. Their survival is probably connected with the adaptation of vegetative cells to freezing and desiccation. Here we assessed the freezing tolerance of vegetative cells and vegetative-looking resting cells of 12 freshwater strains of benthic pennate diatoms isolated from polar habitats. To test the effect of various environmental factors, the strains were exposed to -20 °C freezing in four differently treated cultures: (1) vegetative cells growing in standard conditions in standard WC medium and (2) resting cells induced by cold and dark acclimation and resting cells, where (3) phosphorus or (4) nitrogen deficiency were used in addition to cold and dark acclimation. Tolerance was evaluated by measurement of basal cell fluorescence of chlorophyll and determination of physiological cell status using a multiparameter fluorescent staining. Four strains out of 12 were able to tolerate freezing in at least some of the treatments. The minority of cells appeared to be active immediately after thawing process, while most cells were inactive, injured or dead. Overall, the results showed a high sensitivity of vegetative and resting cells to freezing stress among strains originating from polar areas. However, the importance of resting cells for survival was emphasized by a slight but statistically significant increase of freezing tolerance of nutrient-depleted cells. Low numbers of surviving cells in our experimental setup could indicate their importance for the overwintering of diatom populations in harsh polar conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hejduková
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic.
| | - Linda Nedbalová
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic
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9
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Rimet F, Aylagas E, Borja Á, Bouchez A, Canino A, Chauvin C, Chonova T, Ciampor Jr F, Costa FO, Ferrari BJD, Gastineau R, Goulon C, Gugger M, Holzmann M, Jahn R, Kahlert M, Kusber WH, Laplace-Treyture C, Leese F, Leliaert F, Mann DG, Marchand F, Méléder V, Pawlowski J, Rasconi S, Rivera S, Rougerie R, Schweizer M, Trobajo R, Vasselon V, Vivien R, Weigand A, Witkowski A, Zimmermann J, Ekrem T. Metadata standards and practical guidelines for specimen and DNA curation when building barcode reference libraries for aquatic life. METABARCODING AND METAGENOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/mbmg.5.58056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA barcoding and metabarcoding is increasingly used to effectively and precisely assess and monitor biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems. As these methods rely on data availability and quality of barcode reference libraries, it is important to develop and follow best practices to ensure optimal quality and traceability of the metadata associated with the reference barcodes used for identification. Sufficient metadata, as well as vouchers, corresponding to each reference barcode must be available to ensure reliable barcode library curation and, thereby, provide trustworthy baselines for downstream molecular species identification. This document (1) specifies the data and metadata required to ensure the relevance, the accessibility and traceability of DNA barcodes and (2) specifies the recommendations for DNA harvesting and for the storage of both voucher specimens/samples and barcode data.
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10
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Foets J, Wetzel CE, Teuling AJ, Pfister L. Temporal and spatial variability of terrestrial diatoms at the catchment scale: controls on communities. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8296. [PMID: 31915584 PMCID: PMC6944102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are generally regarded as inhabitants of water bodies. However, numerous taxa are able to survive and reproduce in a variety of non-aquatic ecosystems. Although terrestrial diatoms are discussed extensively in the literature, most of those studies covered floristic aspects and few information exists on their ecology. This lack of knowledge thwarts their potential use as environmental markers in various applications. As a way forward, we investigated the seasonal patterns and the role of different disturbances on the community composition. We collected soil diatom samples in 16 sites across the Attert River basin (Luxembourg) every 4 weeks for a period of 14 months. Our results indicate that forests create a stable microhabitat for diatoms and that temporal variation of the diatom communities is mainly controlled by farming practices rather than seasonal changes in environmental variables. We also found out that communities need one to 2 months to reestablish a new, stable community after a significant change in the environment. We were able to confirm the applicability of the Pollution-Sensitivity Index (IPS) to identify anthropic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Foets
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Carlos E Wetzel
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Adriaan J Teuling
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Laurent Pfister
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Belvaux, Luxembourg.,Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
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11
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Dong X, Li M, Li Q, Gao Y, Liu L, Chen X, Zhou Z, Rong H, Zhang J, Tian Y. Effects of Cryopreservation on Microparticles Concentration, Procoagulant Function, Size Distribution, and Morphology. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:6675-6690. [PMID: 31488807 PMCID: PMC6752109 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research on microparticles is rapidly evolving and has extended to the field of many diseases. It is unclear whether microparticles can be stored frozen. In this study, our goal was to verify whether cryopreservation had an effect on the properties of the microparticles. Material/Methods We obtained C57BL/6J mouse-derived microparticles by grinding and gradient centrifugation. The specimens were divided into 2 groups: without dimethyl sulfoxide and with dimethyl sulfoxide. The microparticles were then stored at 25°C, 4°C, −20°C, −80°C, and −196°C for 0.5 days, 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. We tested whether the concentration, coagulation function, diameter distribution, and morphology of the microparticles in the 2 groups changed compared to those of a fresh sample. Results We discovered that the concentrations of total microparticles, annexin V-positive microparticles, and brain-derived microparticles changed with freezing. The coagulation function, morphology, and size distribution of the microparticles were also affected by cryopreservation. Finally, there was no difference in the effects of cryopreservation on microparticles between the dimethyl sulfoxide group and the dimethyl sulfoxide-free group. Conclusions This study suggests that cryopreservation has diverse effects on microparticles within 1 week and that dimethyl sulfoxide has no protective effect on cryopreserved microparticles. Therefore, microparticles should be used fresh for future studies, and they should not be cryopreserved with or without dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Mengqi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Qifeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yalong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Li Liu
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hongtao Rong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education in China and Tianjin, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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12
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O'Donnell DR, Du Z, Litchman E. Experimental evolution of phytoplankton fatty acid thermal reaction norms. Evol Appl 2019; 12:1201-1211. [PMID: 31768190 PMCID: PMC6866708 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature effects on the fatty acid (FA) profiles of phytoplankton, major primary producers in the ocean, have been widely studied due to their importance as industrial feedstocks and to their indispensable role as global producers of long-chain, polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), including omega-3 (ω3) FA required by organisms at higher trophic levels. The latter is of global ecological concern for marine food webs, as some evidence suggests an ongoing decline in global marine-derived ω3 FA due to both a global decline in phytoplankton abundance and to a physiological reduction in ω3 production by phytoplankton as temperatures rise. Here, we examined both short-term (physiological) and long-term (evolutionary) responses of FA profiles to temperature by comparing FA thermal reaction norms of the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana after ~500 generations (ca. 2.5 years) of experimental evolution at low (16°C) and high (31°C) temperatures. We showed that thermal reaction norms for some key FA classes evolved rapidly in response to temperature selection, often in ways contrary to our predictions based on prior research. Notably, 31°C-selected populations showed higher PUFA percentages (including ω3 FA) than 16°C-selected populations at the highest assay temperature (31°C, above T. pseudonana's optimum temperature for population growth), suggesting that high-temperature selection led to an evolved ability to sustain high PUFA production at high temperatures. Rapid evolution may therefore mitigate some of the decline in global phytoplankton-derived ω3 FA production predicted by recent studies. Beyond its implications for marine food webs, knowledge of the effects of temperature on fatty acid profiles is of fundamental importance to our understanding of the mechanistic causes and consequences of thermal adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. O'Donnell
- W. K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichigan
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and BehaviorMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Zhi‐yan Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- MSU‐DOE Plant Research LaboratoryMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Elena Litchman
- W. K. Kellogg Biological StationMichigan State UniversityHickory CornersMichigan
- Department of Integrative BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and BehaviorMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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13
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Pinseel E, Kulichová J, Scharfen V, Urbánková P, Van de Vijver B, Vyverman W. Extensive Cryptic Diversity in the Terrestrial Diatom Pinnularia borealis (Bacillariophyceae). Protist 2018; 170:121-140. [PMID: 30954839 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing application of molecular techniques for diatom species discovery and identification, it is important both from a taxonomic as well as an ecological and applied perspective, to understand in which groups morphological species delimitation is congruent with molecular approaches, or needs reconsideration. Moreover, such studies can improve our understanding of morphological trait evolution in this important group of microalgae. In this study, we used morphometric analysis on light microscopy (LM) micrographs in SHERPA, detailed scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and cytological observations in LM to examine 70 clones belonging to eight distinct molecular lineages of the cosmopolitan terrestrial diatom Pinnularia borealis. Due to high within-lineage variation, no conclusive morphological separation in LM nor SEM could be detected. Morphological stasis due to the "low-morphology" problem or stabilizing selection, as well as parallel/convergent evolution, phenotypic plasticity and structural inheritance are discussed as potential drivers for the observations. Altogether, P. borealis is truly cryptic, in contrast to the majority of other diatom species complexes which turned out to be pseudo-cryptic following detailed morphological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Pinseel
- Protistology & Aquatic Ecology (PAE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; Research Department, Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium; Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jana Kulichová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Scharfen
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Urbánková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Bart Van de Vijver
- Research Department, Botanic Garden Meise, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, Belgium; Ecosystem Management Research Group (ECOBE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vyverman
- Protistology & Aquatic Ecology (PAE), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S8, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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