1
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Lerman SB, Narango DL, Avolio ML, Bratt AR, Engebretson JM, Groffman PM, Hall SJ, Heffernan JB, Hobbie SE, Larson KL, Locke DH, Neill C, Nelson KC, Padullés Cubino J, Trammell TLE. Residential yard management and landscape cover affect urban bird community diversity across the continental USA. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02455. [PMID: 34523195 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization has a homogenizing effect on biodiversity and leads to communities with fewer native species and lower conservation value. However, few studies have explored whether or how land management by urban residents can ameliorate the deleterious effects of this homogenization on species composition. We tested the effects of local (land management) and neighborhood-scale (impervious surface and tree canopy cover) features on breeding bird diversity in six US metropolitan areas that differ in regional species pools and climate. We used a Bayesian multiregion community model to assess differences in species richness, functional guild richness, community turnover, population vulnerability, and public interest in each bird community in six land management types: two natural area park types (separate and adjacent to residential areas), two yard types with conservation features (wildlife-certified and water conservation) and two lawn-dominated yard types (high- and low-fertilizer application), and surrounding neighborhood-scale features. Species richness was higher in yards compared with parks; however, parks supported communities with high conservation scores while yards supported species of high public interest. Bird communities in all land management types were composed of primarily native species. Within yard types, species richness was strongly and positively associated with neighborhood-scale tree canopy cover and negatively associated with impervious surface. At a continental scale, community turnover between cities was lowest in yards and highest in parks. Within cities, however, turnover was lowest in high-fertilizer yards and highest in wildlife-certified yards and parks. Our results demonstrate that, across regions, preserving natural areas, minimizing impervious surfaces and increasing tree canopy are essential strategies to conserve regionally important species. However, yards, especially those managed for wildlife support diverse, heterogeneous bird communities with high public interest and potential to support species of conservation concern. Management approaches that include the preservation of protected parks, encourage wildlife-friendly yards and acknowledge how public interest in local birds can advance successful conservation in American residential landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah B Lerman
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Desirée L Narango
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA
| | - Meghan L Avolio
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Anika R Bratt
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, 28035, USA
| | - Jesse M Engebretson
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, 10031, USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, New York, 12545, USA
| | - Sharon J Hall
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - James B Heffernan
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, 27708, USA
| | - Sarah E Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Kelli L Larson
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA
| | - Dexter H Locke
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Baltimore, Maryland, 21228, USA
| | - Christopher Neill
- Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, 02540, USA
| | - Kristen C Nelson
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
| | - Josep Padullés Cubino
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Tara L E Trammell
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, USA
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Perino A, Pereira HM, Felipe‐Lucia M, Kim H, Kühl HS, Marselle MR, Meya JN, Meyer C, Navarro LM, van Klink R, Albert G, Barratt CD, Bruelheide H, Cao Y, Chamoin A, Darbi M, Dornelas M, Eisenhauer N, Essl F, Farwig N, Förster J, Freyhof J, Geschke J, Gottschall F, Guerra C, Haase P, Hickler T, Jacob U, Kastner T, Korell L, Kühn I, Lehmann GUC, Lenzner B, Marques A, Motivans Švara E, Quintero LC, Pacheco A, Popp A, Rouet‐Leduc J, Schnabel F, Siebert J, Staude IR, Trogisch S, Švara V, Svenning J, Pe'er G, Raab K, Rakosy D, Vandewalle M, Werner AS, Wirth C, Xu H, Yu D, Zinngrebe Y, Bonn A. Biodiversity post‐2020: Closing the gap between global targets and national‐level implementation. Conserv Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Perino
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Henrique M. Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, R. Padre Armando Quintas Vairão Portugal
| | - Maria Felipe‐Lucia
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - HyeJin Kim
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Melissa R. Marselle
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- School of Psychology University of Surrey Guildford Surrey UK
| | - Jasper N. Meya
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Economics University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Carsten Meyer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Geosciences and Geography Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Laetitia M. Navarro
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Roel van Klink
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Georg Albert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Christopher D. Barratt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Yun Cao
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China Nanjing China
| | - Ariane Chamoin
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | - Marianne Darbi
- Institut für Landschaftsplanung und Naturschutz Geisenheim Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ
| | - Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity University of St Andrews St Andrews Scotland
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Franz Essl
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Rennweg 14 Vienna 1030 Austria
| | - Nina Farwig
- Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | - Johannes Förster
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Department of Environmental Politics Leipzig Germany
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Jonas Geschke
- Institute of Plant Sciences University of Bern Bern Switzerland
| | - Felix Gottschall
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Carlos Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Peter Haase
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen Germany
- Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Thomas Hickler
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Department of Physical Geography at Goethe University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Ute Jacob
- Helmholtz Institute for Marine Functional Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhaven Germany
| | - Thomas Kastner
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lotte Korell
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Department of Community Ecology Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Ingolf Kühn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Department of Community Ecology Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Gerlind U. C. Lehmann
- Evolutionary Ecology, Department of Biology Humboldt University Berlin Berlin Germany
- DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas), National Headquarter Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU) Berlin Germany
| | - Bernd Lenzner
- BioInvasions, Global Change, Macroecology‐Group, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research University of Vienna Rennweg 14 Vienna 1030 Austria
| | - Alexandra Marques
- PBL Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency The Hague The Netherlands
| | - Elena Motivans Švara
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Department of Community Ecology Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Laura C. Quintero
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Andrea Pacheco
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Alexander Popp
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Member of the Leibniz Association Potsdam Germany
| | - Julia Rouet‐Leduc
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Florian Schnabel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Julia Siebert
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Ingmar R. Staude
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Stefan Trogisch
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Vid Švara
- Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology Goethe University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Department of Effect‑Directed Analysis Leipzig Germany
| | - Jens‐Christian Svenning
- Department of Biology Center for Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE), Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Biology Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Guy Pe'er
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Demetra Rakosy
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Department of Community Ecology Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Alexandra S. Werner
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
| | - Christian Wirth
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biogeochemistry Jena Germany
| | - Haigen Xu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China Nanjing China
| | - Dandan Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China Nanjing China
| | - Yves Zinngrebe
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ
- Department for Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Georg‐August‐Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Aletta Bonn
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biodiversity Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena Germany
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3
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Opportunities to improve China's biodiversity protection laws. Nat Ecol Evol 2021; 5:726-732. [PMID: 33833422 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01422-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since 1989, China has established a system of powerful laws and regulations aimed to preserve its rich natural flora and fauna. However, this legislative framework still has shortcomings, in terms of sentencing standards across related crimes and the extent of scientific basis for sentences. Here, we review Chinese biodiversity protection laws and some example cases with the goal of suggesting ways to increase law compliance and thus better protect biodiversity. In particular, our suggestions involve regular updates of threat assessments based on scientific evidence including herbaceous plants, fungi and algae; considering ecological differences among the species groups and ensuing ecological damage and financial profit gained; and a differentiation of punishment between organized and individual crimes, with a preference for custodial sentences for the former and monetary fines for the latter, to comply better with international standards and to minimize the incentive to engage in such conduct.
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Greenwell MP, Brereton T, Day JC, Roy DB, Oliver TH. Predicting resilience of ecosystem functioning from co-varying species' responses to environmental change. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:11775-11790. [PMID: 31695887 PMCID: PMC6822053 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how environmental change affects ecosystem function delivery is of primary importance for fundamental and applied ecology. Current approaches focus on single environmental driver effects on communities, mediated by individual response traits. Data limitations present constraints in scaling up this approach to predict the impacts of multivariate environmental change on ecosystem functioning. We present a more holistic approach to determine ecosystem function resilience, using long-term monitoring data to analyze the aggregate impact of multiple historic environmental drivers on species' population dynamics. By assessing covariation in population dynamics between pairs of species, we identify which species respond most synchronously to environmental change and allocate species into "response guilds." We then use "production functions" combining trait data to estimate the relative roles of species to ecosystem functions. We quantify the correlation between response guilds and production functions, assessing the resilience of ecosystem functioning to environmental change, with asynchronous dynamics of species in the same functional guild expected to lead to more stable ecosystem functioning. Testing this method using data for butterflies collected over four decades in the United Kingdom, we find three ecosystem functions (resource provisioning, wildflower pollination, and aesthetic cultural value) appear relatively robust, with functionally important species dispersed across response guilds, suggesting more stable ecosystem functioning. Additionally, by relating genetic distances to response guilds we assess the heritability of responses to environmental change. Our results suggest it may be feasible to infer population responses of butterflies to environmental change based on phylogeny-a useful insight for conservation management of rare species with limited population monitoring data. Our approach holds promise for overcoming the impasse in predicting the responses of ecosystem functions to environmental change. Quantifying co-varying species' responses to multivariate environmental change should enable us to significantly advance our predictions of ecosystem function resilience and enable proactive ecosystem management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John C. Day
- NERC Centre for Ecology & HydrologyWallingfordUK
| | - David B. Roy
- NERC Centre for Ecology & HydrologyWallingfordUK
| | - Tom H. Oliver
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
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