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Zhang Y, Li J, Yu S, Li W, Dou Y, Zhang C. Adenosine triphosphate alleviates high temperature-enhanced glyphosate toxicity in maize seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108550. [PMID: 38555720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP plays a key role in regulating plants stress responses. Here, we aimed to determine whether ATP can alleviate the glyphosate toxicity in maize seedlings under high temperature by regulating antioxidant responses. Foliar spraying with 100 μM glyphosate inhibited the growth of maize seedlings at room temperature (25 °C), leading to an increase in shikimic acid accumulation and oxidative stress (evaluated via lipid peroxidation, free proline, and H2O2 content) in the leaves, all of which were further exacerbated by high temperature (35 °C). The growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by glyphosate were both alleviated by exogenous ATP. Moreover, the glyphosate-induced antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant accumulation were attenuated by high temperature, while ATP treatment reversed this inhibitory effect. Similarly, qPCR data showed that the relative expression levels of antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT1, GR1, and γ-ECS) in maize leaves were upregulated by ATP before exposure to GLY. Moreover, high temperature-enhanced GLY residue accumulation in maize leaves was reduced by ATP. ATP-induced detoxification was attenuated through NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibition. Higher NOX activities and O2•- production were noted in ATP-treated maize leaves compared to controls prior to GLY treatment, indicating that the extracellular ATP-induced alleviation of GLY toxicity was closely associated with NOX-dependent reactive oxygen species signalling. The current findings present a new approach for reducing herbicide toxicity in crops exposed to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Jiayu Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Song Yu
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Weiqing Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Yi Dou
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Cultivation and Crop Germplasm Improvement, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China; Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Green Agriculture in Northeastern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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Žaltauskaitė J, Dikšaitytė A, Miškelytė D, Kacienė G, Sujetovienė G, Januškaitienė I, Juknys R. Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on the mixed-culture grown wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) response to auxin herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13711-13725. [PMID: 36136189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing concern over the potential impact of CO2 concentration and temperature on herbicide efficacy. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of single elevated CO2 (400 vs. 800 ppm) and elevated CO2 in combination with temperature (21 °C vs. 25 °C) on the effects of auxin herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) (0.5-2 × field recommended rate) to wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) grown in mixed-culture with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). MCPA had a detrimental effect on aboveground and belowground biomass, content of chlorophylls, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and induced oxidative stress. The significant decline in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration with MCPA dose was detected. Elevated CO2 reinforced MCPA efficacy on S. arvensis: sharper decline in biomass, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzymes and more pronounced lipid peroxidation were detected. Under elevated CO2 and temperature, MCPA efficacy to control S. arvensis dropped due to herbicide dilution because of increased root:shoot ratio, higher activity of antioxidants and less pronounced oxidative damage. Reinforced MCPA impact on weeds under elevated CO2 resulted in higher H. vulgare biomass, while decreased MCPA efficacy under elevated CO2 and temperature reduced H. vulgare biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania.
| | - Austra Dikšaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Diana Miškelytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Kacienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sujetovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Irena Januškaitienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Juknys
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
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Mahajan G, Chauhan BS. Glyphosate Efficacy in Chloris virgata Sw. in Response to Temperature and Tank Mixing. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3190. [PMID: 36501230 PMCID: PMC9737009 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate alone or a tank mixture of glyphosate and 2,4-D is commonly used for broad-spectrum weed control under fallow conditions in Australia. Air temperature or mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D, may influence the efficacy of glyphosate on feather fingergrass (Chloris virgata Sw.), a problematic summer-season weed of Australia. Dose-response studies were conducted with four populations of feather fingergrass under temperature-controlled glasshouse conditions (35/25 °C and 25/15 °C at 12 h/12 h) to assess the level of glyphosate resistance in relation to temperature regimes. Four parameter log-logistic models were used to develop dose-response curves. Based on plant mortality percentage, LD50 (lethal dose for 50% mortality) values of glyphosate at 25/15 °C for populations Ch, SGM2, SGW2, and CP2 were 137, 60, 650, and 1067 g ae ha-1, respectively. However, at 35/25 °C, the corresponding LD50 values were 209, 557, 2108, and 2554 g ae ha-1, respectively. A similar response was observed for the parameter GR50 (dose for 50% growth reduction) values of glyphosate. These results indicate that populations SGW2 and CP2 are highly glyphosate-resistant and in the summer season, it may be very difficult to control these populations due to poor glyphosate efficacy. These results further suggest that the efficacy of glyphosate for feather fingergrass control can be improved if applied during cooler temperatures (25/15 °C) or the spring season compared with warmer temperatures (35/25 °C) or the summer season. In another study, 2,4-D antagonized glyphosate remarkably in the CP2 (glyphosate-resistant) population but only marginally in the Ch (glyphosate-susceptible) population. Thus, it is not advisable to mix 2,4-D with glyphosate for the control of glyphosate-resistant feather fingergrass populations. The results further suggest that the use of this mixture is useful if the feather fingergrass is not glyphosate-resistant; however, the use of the mixture is to be avoided if the population is glyphosate-resistant in order to not exacerbate the potential resistance problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Mahajan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, Punjab, India
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences (SAFS), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
- Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCSHAU), Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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van Wyk JW, Adams JB, von der Heyden S. Conservation implications of herbicides on seagrasses: sublethal glyphosate exposure decreases fitness in the endangered Zostera capensis. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14295. [PMID: 36405027 PMCID: PMC9673766 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide seagrass populations are in decline, calling for urgent measures in their conservation. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide globally, leading to increasing concern about its ecological impact, yet little is known about the prevalence or impact of glyphosate on seagrasses. In this study, we investigated the effect of sublethal glyphosate exposure on the endangered seagrass, Zostera capensis, to identify effects on growth, photosynthetic pigments and leaf morphology as measures of seagrass fitness. Seagrasses were exposed to a single dose of a commercial glyphosate formulation-ranging between 250 to 2,200 µg/L. After three weeks, the median leaf area decreased by up to 27%, with reductions of up to 31% in above ground biomass (p < 0.05). Photosynthetic pigment concentration showed no significant difference between groups. The observed effects on biomass and leaf area were seen at glyphosate levels below the regulatory limits set for surface water by several countries and may negatively affect the long-term resilience of this ecosystem engineer to additional stressors, such as those associated with climate change and anthropogenic pollution. As such, glyphosates and other herbicides that are washed into estuarine and marine ecosystems, pose a significant threat to the persistence of seagrasses and are important factors to consider in seagrass conservation, management and restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna W. van Wyk
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Janine B. Adams
- Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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Bhardwaj R, Prakash O, Tiwari S, Maiti P, Ghosh S, Singh RK, Maiti P. Efficient Herbicide Delivery through a Conjugate Gel Formulation for the Mortality of Broad Leaf Weeds. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:19964-19978. [PMID: 35721951 PMCID: PMC9202071 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carfentrazone-ethyl is embedded in guar gum to prepare a polymer-herbicide conjugate gel formulation for a sustained release of the active ingredient (a.i.). The sprayable gel formulation was optimized at 0.5% (w/v) concentration. Strong interactions of the prepared composition of the polymer-herbicide conjugate system are shown through spectroscopic techniques, depicting the peak broadening of hydrophilic -OH bonds in the herbicide at 1743 cm-1, shifting to 1730 cm-1 in the polymer-herbicide sample. There is a broadening and shifting of the peak at 329 nm for the n → π* transition at 335 nm in the polymer-herbicide conjugate system in UV spectra. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements show a lowering of endothermic melting peaks to 242 and 303 °C in the polymer-herbicide conjugate. X-ray diffraction studies showed a sharp diffraction peak of the pure polymer at a 2θ of ∼20.3°, while broadening and shifting of the peak position to a 2θ of ∼20.8° were observed after adding the herbicide. Diffusion of the active ingredient in the polymer-herbicide conjugate resulted in much greater coverage (most of the weed leaf stomata (>95%)) than conventional spraying. The efficacy of both the polymer-herbicide formulation and herbicide at different doses in weed nurseries showed significantly higher weed mortality in Anagallis arvensis (95.4%), Chenopodium album (∼97%), and Ageratum conyzoides (93.16%) treated with the polymer-herbicide formulation @ 20 g a.i. ha-1. Narrow SPAD readings range of A. arvensis (0.1-30.6) and that of C. album (0-5) were observed in the polymer-herbicide formulation @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 was at par with the conventional formulation @ 30 g a.i. ha-1. Less regeneration in a weed nursery of A. arvensis (27%), C. album (77%), and A. conyzoides (49%) treated with gel formulations @ 20 g a.i. ha-1 was observed, which was significantly lower than those in conventional herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshu Bhardwaj
- Department
of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Om Prakash
- School
of Materials Science and Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Shivam Tiwari
- School
of Materials Science and Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Preeti Maiti
- Department
of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sandipta Ghosh
- Hindustan
Gum & Chemicals Ltd., Birla Colony, Bhiwani, Haryana 127021, India
| | - Ram Kumar Singh
- Department
of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Pralay Maiti
- School
of Materials Science and Technology, Indian
Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
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Iqbal N, Manalil S, Chauhan BS, Adkins S. Effect of Different Climate Change Variables on the Ecology and Management of Sesbania cannabina through Glyphosate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10050910. [PMID: 34062859 PMCID: PMC8147314 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and frequent droughts are two anticipated climate change scenarios in which certain invasive weeds may develop competitive advantages over crops and adversely impact productivity and herbicide efficacy. Hence, a study was conducted to explore the effect of different climatic scenarios on the growth and management of Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers with glyphosate. The variables investigated were two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 ppm), two soil moisture levels (100% and 50% of field capacity (FC)), and three glyphosate rates (0 (control), 517 (50% of recommended rate), and 1034 g ae ha-1 (recommended rate)). CO2 concentrations and soil moisture levels had different effects on the growth and management of S. cannabina. Overall, 100% FC and elevated [CO2] of 700 ppm recorded the maximum plant height (38 cm), leaves per plant (20), growth index (60), chlorophyll content (SPAD value 37), and dry biomass (3 g) in comparison with ambient [CO2] of 400 ppm and 50% FC treatment. The recommended glyphosate application gave 100% weed biomass reduction; however, efficacy was reduced (63%) when applied at 50% of the recommended rate under elevated [CO2] of 700 ppm and 50% FC conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Iqbal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (B.S.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Sudheesh Manalil
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore 641112, India
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (B.S.C.); (S.A.)
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Steve Adkins
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia; (B.S.C.); (S.A.)
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
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Duke SO. Glyphosate: Uses Other Than in Glyphosate-Resistant Crops, Mode of Action, Degradation in Plants, and Effects on Non-target Plants and Agricultural Microbes. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 255:1-65. [PMID: 33895876 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most used herbicide globally. It is a unique non-selective herbicide with a mode of action that is ideal for vegetation management in both agricultural and non-agricultural settings. Its use was more than doubled by the introduction of transgenic, glyphosate-resistant (GR) crops. All of its phytotoxic effects are the result of inhibition of only 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), but inhibition of this single enzyme of the shikimate pathway results in multiple phytotoxicity effects, both upstream and downstream from EPSPS, including loss of plant defenses against pathogens. Degradation of glyphosate in plants and microbes is predominantly by a glyphosate oxidoreductase to produce aminomethylphosphonic acid and glyoxylate and to a lesser extent by a C-P lyase to produce sarcosine and phosphate. Its effects on non-target plant species are generally less than that of many other herbicides, as it is not volatile and is generally sprayed in larger droplet sizes with a relatively low propensity to drift and is inactivated by tight binding to most soils. Some microbes, including fungal plant pathogens, have glyphosate-sensitive EPSPS. Thus, glyphosate can benefit GR crops by its activity on some plant pathogens. On the other hand, glyphosate can adversely affect some microbes that are beneficial to agriculture, such as Bradyrhizobium species, although GR crop yield data indicate that such an effect has been minor. Effects of glyphosate on microbes of agricultural soils are generally minor and transient, with other agricultural practices having much stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen O Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA.
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Jabran K, Doğan MN. Elevated CO 2 , temperature and nitrogen levels impact growth and development of invasive weeds in the Mediterranean region. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:4893-4900. [PMID: 32478435 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive plant species present a serious threat to the environment, as well as human and animal health. An interaction may exist between the climatic changes and invasive plant species. In this 2-year study, we investigated the effects of warming, CO2 and nitrogen application on the biomass, growth and leaf tissue nitrogen concentration of three invasive weed species. Treatments were: (i) simulated (elevated) CO2 (approximately 800-900 ppm); (ii) warming or high temperature (day/night 25/15 °C); (iii) simulated (elevated) CO2 combined with high temperature (CO2 = approximately 800-900 ppm; temperature day/night 25/15 °C); and (iv) control conditions (CO2 = approximately 400-450 ppm; temperature day/night 20/10 °C). The doses of nitrogen were: (i) 0 kg ha-1 (control; low); (ii) 60 kg ha-1 (medium); and (iii) 120 kg ha-1 (high). RESULTS Elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 combined with high temperature improved biomass and the growth of the tested invasive weed species: Lactuca serriola L., Hordeum murinum L. and Bromus tectorum L. Nitrogen application had little effect on grasses, whereas the broadleaved weed mostly had a positive response to nitrogen application. Invasive weed species were generally negatively or neutrally affected by warming. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate that nitrogen fertilization under different climatic conditions improved few of the parameters, whereas elevated CO2 promoted most of the growth parameters of invasive weeds. Overall, is it concluded that these weeds will be more invasive under climate change conditions. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Jabran
- Department of Plant Protection, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Mehmet N Doğan
- Department of Plant Protection, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Bajwa AA, Wang H, Chauhan BS, Adkins SW. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on growth, productivity and glyphosate response of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2934-2941. [PMID: 30854793 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in atmospheric CO2 has huge impacts on the biology and management of invasive weed species such as Parthenium hysterophorus. This study evaluated the effect of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations on P. hysterophorus growth, reproductive output and response to glyphosate applied at several doses including the recommended dose (800 g a.e. ha-1 ). RESULTS The plants in control treatment (no herbicide) grew taller (41%), produced a larger number of leaves (13%) and flowers (39%), and higher dry biomass (34%) at elevated CO2 as compared to the ambient CO2 . Glyphosate caused significant reduction in chlorophyll content of P. hysterophorus plants grown at both CO2 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage herbicide injury was relatively less at elevated CO2 as compared to the ambient CO2 at 7 and 14 days after glyphosate application but it was almost similar at 21 days after application. This shows that elevated CO2 might have slowed the translocation of glyphosate initially, but most plants were killed eventually close to 21 days after application. The survival rate was higher under elevated as compared to the ambient CO2 at recommended and lower doses of glyphosate. There was a negligible difference between the two CO2 concentrations for the plant dry biomass reduction over the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS P. hysterophorus growth and reproductive potential (indicated by number of flowers) improved significantly by CO2 enrichment but there was little effect on the overall efficacy of glyphosate applied to control this species. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Bajwa
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Haochen Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Bhagirath S Chauhan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Steve W Adkins
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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Non-Target-Site Resistance to Herbicides: Recent Developments. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100417. [PMID: 31618956 PMCID: PMC6843234 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds can be conferred as a result of the alteration of one or more physiological processes, including herbicide absorption, translocation, sequestration, and metabolism. The mechanisms of NTSR are generally more complex to decipher than target-site resistance (TSR) and can impart cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. Metabolism-based NTSR has been reported in many agriculturally important weeds, although reduced translocation and sequestration of herbicides has also been found in some weeds. This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of NTSR mechanisms found in weed species. Further, the importance of examining the co-existence of TSR and NTSR for the same herbicide in the same weed species and influence of environmental conditions in the altering and selection of NTSR is also discussed. Knowledge of the prevalence of NTSR mechanisms and co-existing TSR and NTSR in weeds is crucial for designing sustainable weed management strategies to discourage the further evolution and selection of herbicide resistance in weeds.
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