1
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Rui M, Chen R, Jing Y, Wu F, Chen ZH, Tissue D, Jiang H, Wang Y. Guard cell and subsidiary cell sizes are key determinants for stomatal kinetics and drought adaptation in cereal crops. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2479-2494. [PMID: 38622763 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change-induced drought is a major threat to agriculture. C4 crops have a higher water use efficiency (WUE) and better adaptability to drought than C3 crops due to their smaller stomatal morphology and faster response. However, our understanding of stomatal behaviours in both C3 and C4 Poaceae crops is limited by knowledge gaps in physical traits of guard cell (GC) and subsidiary cell (SC). We employed infrared gas exchange analysis and a stomatal assay to explore the relationship between GC/SC sizes and stomatal kinetics across diverse drought conditions in two C3 (wheat and barley) and three C4 (maize, sorghum and foxtail millet) upland Poaceae crops. Through statistical analyses, we proposed a GCSC-τ model to demonstrate how morphological differences affect stomatal kinetics in C4 Poaceae crops. Our findings reveal that morphological variations specifically correlate with stomatal kinetics in C4 Poaceae crops, but not in C3 ones. Subsequent modelling and experimental validation provide further evidence that GC/SC sizes significantly impact stomatal kinetics, which affects stomatal responses to different drought conditions and thereby WUE in C4 Poaceae crops. These findings emphasize the crucial advantage of GC/SC morphological characteristics and stomatal kinetics for the drought adaptability of C4 Poaceae crops, highlighting their potential as future climate-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Rui
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Rongjia Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Jing
- BGI-Sanya, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Feibo Wu
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Hangjin Jiang
- Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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2
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Ač A, Jansen MAK, Grace J, Urban O. Unravelling the neglected role of ultraviolet radiation on stomata: A meta-analysis with implications for modelling ecosystem-climate interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1769-1781. [PMID: 38314642 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Stomata play a pivotal role in regulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere controlling water and carbon cycles. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of ultraviolet-B radiation, a neglected environmental factor varying with ongoing global change, on stomatal morphology and function by a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. The overall UV effect at the leaf level is to decrease stomatal conductance, stomatal aperture and stomatal size, although stomatal density was increased. The significant decline in stomatal conductance is marked (6% in trees and >10% in grasses and herbs) in short-term experiments, with more modest decreases noted in long-term UV studies. Short-term experiments in growth chambers are not representative of long-term field UV effects on stomatal conductance. Important consequences of altered stomatal function are hypothesized. In the short term, UV-mediated stomatal closure may reduce carbon uptake but also water loss through transpiration, thereby alleviating deleterious effects of drought. However, in the long term, complex changes in stomatal aperture, size, and density may reduce the carbon sequestration capacity of plants and increase vegetation and land surface temperatures, potentially exacerbating negative effects of drought and/or heatwaves. Therefore, the expected future strength of carbon sink capacity in high-UV regions is likely overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ač
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Grace
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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3
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Zhang X, Li B, Peñuelas J, Sardans J, Cheng D, Yu H, Zhong Q. Resource-acquisitive species have greater plasticity in leaf functional traits than resource-conservative species in response to nitrogen addition in subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166177. [PMID: 37572896 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The evergreen broad-leaf forest is subtropical zonal vegetation in China, and its species diversity and stability are crucial for maintaining forest ecosystem functions. The region is generally affected by global changes such as high levels of nitrogen deposition. Therefore, it is critical to determine the adaptation strategies of subtropical dominant species under nitrogen addition. Here, we conducted two-year field experiments with nitrogen addition levels as 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (CK), 50 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (LN) and 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (HN). We investigated the effects of nitrogen addition on leaf functional traits (including nutrition, structural and physiological characteristics) of five dominant species in subtropical evergreen broad-leaf forest. Results suggested that the effect of nitrogen addition on leaf functional traits was species-specific. Contrary to Rhododendron delavayi and Eurya muricata, Quercus glauca, Schima superba and Castanopsis eyrei all responded more to the HN treatment than LN treatment. Compared to other leaf functional traits, leaf anatomical structure traits had the highest average plasticity (0.246), and the relative effect of leaf photosynthetic property was highest (7.785) under N addition. Among the five species, S. superba was highest in terms of the index of plasticity for leaf functional traits under nitrogen addition, followed by Q. glauca, E. muricata, C. eyrei and R. delavayi. The major leaf functional traits representing the economic spectrum of leaves (LES) showed resource acquisitive strategy (high SLA, LNC, LPC, Pn) and conservative strategy (high LTD, LDMC, C/N) clustering on the opposite ends of the PCA axis. The PCA analysis indicated that species with high leaf plasticity adopt resource acquisitive strategy (S. superba and Q. glauca), whereas species with low leaf plasticity adopt resource conservative strategy (E. muricata, C. eyrei and R. delavayi). In aggregate, resource-acquisitive species benefit from nitrogen addition more than resource-conservative species, suggesting that S. superba and Q. glauca will occupy the dominant position in community succession under persistently elevated nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Baoyin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province funded), Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- Global Ecology Unit, CSIC, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain; CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province funded), Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Ocean College, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China; State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Mountain Ecology (Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province funded), Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350007, China.
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Liu J, Zhang K, Bi J, Yu X, Luo L, Hu L. Mesophyll conductance and N allocation co-explained the variation in photosynthesis in two canola genotypes under contrasting nitrogen supply. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1171331. [PMID: 37223789 PMCID: PMC10202220 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1171331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The application of nitrogen fertilizer within a normal range has been found to increase the leaf nitrogen content and photosynthetic rate of canola plants (Brassica napus L.). Despite numerous studies on the separate effects of CO2 diffusion limitation and nitrogen allocation trade-off on photosynthetic rate, few have examined both these factors in relation to the photosynthetic rate of canola. In this study, two genotypes of canola with varying leaf nitrogen content were analyzed to determine the impact of nitrogen supply on leaf photosynthesis, mesophyll conductance, and nitrogen partitioning. The results showed that the CO2 assimilation rate (A), mesophyll conductance (g m), and photosynthetic nitrogen content (N psn) increased with an increase in nitrogen supply in both genotypes. The relationship between nitrogen content and A followed a linear-plateau regression, while A had linear relationships with both photosynthetic nitrogen content and g m, indicating that the key to enhancing A is increasing the distribution of leaf nitrogen into the photosynthetic apparatus and g m, rather than just increasing nitrogen content. Under high nitrogen treatment, the genotype (QZ) with high nitrogen content had 50.7% more nitrogen than the other genotype (ZY21), but had similar A, which was primarily due to ZY21's higher photosynthetic nitrogen distribution ratio and stomatal conductance (g sw). On the other hand, QZ showed a higher A than ZY21 under low nitrogen treatment as QZ had higher N psn and g m compared to ZY21. Our results indicate that, in selecting high PNUE rapeseed varieties, it is important to consider the higher photosynthetic nitrogen distribution ratio and CO2 diffusion conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Liu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Junguo Bi
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinqiao Yu
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijun Luo
- Shanghai Agrobiological Gene Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyong Hu
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Wu C, Zhou S, Cheng X, Wei X. Alternating processes of dry and wet nitrogen deposition have different effects on the function of canopy leaves: Implications for leaf photosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1105075. [PMID: 36699842 PMCID: PMC9868767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1105075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Canopy leaves are sinks of dry and wet nitrogen (N) deposition, most studies have not considered the response of canopy leaves to the alternating processes of dry and wet N deposition. We manipulated a close top chamber experiment to observe the effects of simulated N deposition with the same total deposition flux but different dry to wet ratios on leaf structure and physiology by spraying NH4Cl solution or supplying gaseous NH3 over the canopy of seedlings of three species (Betula platyphylla, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis) placed in the chamber. After 32 days of N deposition and relative to the control, the leaf morphology and mesophyll tissue structure of the three species had no significant changes under all N deposition treatments. With the increase in the ratio of dry to wet N deposition, the N concentration, N metabolizing enzyme activity and soluble protein concentration in leaves of all three species increased continuously, but for the leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis rate, B. platyphylla showed a continuous increase, F. mandshurica showed a continuous decrease, and P. koraiensis showed no significant change. We found that F. mandshurica was the only species whose foliar chlorophyll and potassium concentration decreased with the increase in the ratio of dry to wet N deposition and its leaf light-saturated net photosynthesis rate was positively correlated with foliar chlorophyll and potassium concentration, respectively. Our results indicate that dry deposition is relatively more important on leaf physiological functions in alternating deposition. B. platyphylla and P. koraiensis may better acclimate to canopy NH3/NH4 + deposition than F. mandshurica. Most importantly, the results indicate that a single simulated dry and wet deposition would overestimate and underestimate the response of leaf function to atmospheric N deposition, respectively. Alternating processes of dry and wet deposition should be considered for more realistic assessments of the effects of atmospheric N deposition in forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunze Wu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Wei
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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6
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Knauer J, Cuntz M, Evans JR, Niinemets Ü, Tosens T, Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Werner C, Zaehle S. Contrasting anatomical and biochemical controls on mesophyll conductance across plant functional types. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022. [PMID: 35801854 DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.19681410.v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ) limits photosynthesis by restricting CO2 diffusion between the substomatal cavities and chloroplasts. Although it is known that gm is determined by both leaf anatomical and biochemical traits, their relative contribution across plant functional types (PFTs) is still unclear. We compiled a dataset of gm measurements and concomitant leaf traits in unstressed plants comprising 563 studies and 617 species from all major PFTs. We investigated to what extent gm limits photosynthesis across PFTs, how gm relates to structural, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological leaf properties, and whether these relationships differ among PFTs. We found that gm imposes a significant limitation to photosynthesis in all C3 PFTs, ranging from 10-30% in most herbaceous annuals to 25-50% in woody evergreens. Anatomical leaf traits explained a significant proportion of the variation in gm (R2 > 0.3) in all PFTs except annual herbs, in which gm is more strongly related to biochemical factors associated with leaf nitrogen and potassium content. Our results underline the need to elucidate mechanisms underlying the global variability of gm . We emphasise the underestimated potential of gm for improving photosynthesis in crops and identify modifications in leaf biochemistry as the most promising pathway for increasing gm in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- AgroParisTech, UMR Silva, INRAE, Université de Lorraine, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - John R Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745, Jena, Germany
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7
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Knauer J, Cuntz M, Evans JR, Niinemets Ü, Tosens T, Veromann‐Jürgenson L, Werner C, Zaehle S. Contrasting anatomical and biochemical controls on mesophyll conductance across plant functional types. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:357-368. [PMID: 35801854 PMCID: PMC9804998 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm ) limits photosynthesis by restricting CO2 diffusion between the substomatal cavities and chloroplasts. Although it is known that gm is determined by both leaf anatomical and biochemical traits, their relative contribution across plant functional types (PFTs) is still unclear. We compiled a dataset of gm measurements and concomitant leaf traits in unstressed plants comprising 563 studies and 617 species from all major PFTs. We investigated to what extent gm limits photosynthesis across PFTs, how gm relates to structural, anatomical, biochemical, and physiological leaf properties, and whether these relationships differ among PFTs. We found that gm imposes a significant limitation to photosynthesis in all C3 PFTs, ranging from 10-30% in most herbaceous annuals to 25-50% in woody evergreens. Anatomical leaf traits explained a significant proportion of the variation in gm (R2 > 0.3) in all PFTs except annual herbs, in which gm is more strongly related to biochemical factors associated with leaf nitrogen and potassium content. Our results underline the need to elucidate mechanisms underlying the global variability of gm . We emphasise the underestimated potential of gm for improving photosynthesis in crops and identify modifications in leaf biochemistry as the most promising pathway for increasing gm in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Knauer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
- Climate Science CentreCSIRO Oceans and AtmosphereCanberraACT2601Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry07745JenaGermany
| | - Matthias Cuntz
- AgroParisTech, UMR SilvaINRAE, Université de Lorraine54000NancyFrance
| | - John R. Evans
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational PhotosynthesisResearch School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life Sciences51006TartuEstonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life Sciences51006TartuEstonia
| | | | | | - Sönke Zaehle
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry07745JenaGermany
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8
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Mizokami Y, Oguchi R, Sugiura D, Yamori W, Noguchi K, Terashima I. Cost-benefit analysis of mesophyll conductance: diversities of anatomical, biochemical and environmental determinants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 130:265-283. [PMID: 35947983 PMCID: PMC9487971 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants invest photosynthates in construction and maintenance of their structures and functions. Such investments are considered costs. These costs are recovered by the CO2 assimilation rate (A) in the leaves, and thus A is regarded as the immediate, short-term benefit. In photosynthesizing leaves, CO2 diffusion from the air to the carboxylation site is hindered by several structural and biochemical barriers. CO2 diffusion from the intercellular air space to the chloroplast stroma is obstructed by the mesophyll resistance. The inverses is the mesophyll conductance (gm). Whether various plants realize an optimal gm, and how much investment is needed for a relevant gm, remain unsolved. SCOPE This review examines relationships among leaf construction costs (CC), leaf maintenance costs (MC) and gm in various plants under diverse growth conditions. Through a literature survey, we demonstrate a strong linear relationship between leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf CC. The overall correlation of CC vs. gm across plant phylogenetic groups is weak, but significant trends are evident within specific groups and/or environments. Investment in CC is necessary for an increase in LMA and mesophyll cell surface area (Smes). This allows the leaf to accommodate more chloroplasts, thus increasing A. However, increases in LMA and/or Smes often accompany other changes, such as cell wall thickening, which diminishes gm. Such factors that make the correlations of CC and gm elusive are identified. CONCLUSIONS For evaluation of the contribution of gm to recover CC, leaf life span is the key factor. The estimation of MC in relation to gm, especially in terms of costs required to regulate aquaporins, could be essential for efficient control of gm over the short term. Over the long term, costs are mainly reflected in CC, while benefits also include ultimate fitness attributes in terms of integrated carbon gain over the life of a leaf, plant survival and reproductive output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Mizokami
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Institute for Sustainable Agri-ecosystem, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Midoricho, Nishitokyo, Tokyo 188-0002, Japan
| | - Ko Noguchi
- Department of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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9
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Elferjani R, Benomar L, Momayyezi M, Tognetti R, Niinemets Ü, Soolanayakanahally RY, Théroux-Rancourt G, Tosens T, Ripullone F, Bilodeau-Gauthier S, Lamhamedi MS, Calfapietra C, Lamara M. A meta-analysis of mesophyll conductance to CO2 in relation to major abiotic stresses in poplar species. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4384-4400. [PMID: 33739415 PMCID: PMC8163042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) determines the diffusion of CO2 from the substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts and represents a critical component of the diffusive limitation of photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the average effect sizes of different environmental constraints on gm in Populus spp., a forest tree model. We collected raw data of 815 A-Ci response curves from 26 datasets to estimate gm, using a single curve-fitting method to alleviate method-related bias. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different abiotic stresses on gm. We found a significant increase in gm from the bottom to the top of the canopy that was concomitant with the increase of maximum rate of carboxylation and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax). gm was positively associated with increases in soil moisture and nutrient availability, but was insensitive to increasing soil copper concentration and did not vary with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results showed that gm was strongly related to Amax and to a lesser extent to stomatal conductance (gs). Moreover, a negative exponential relationship was obtained between gm and specific leaf area, which may be used to scale-up gm within the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Elferjani
- Quebec Network for Reforestation and Intensive Silviculture, TELUQ University, Montreal, QC, H2S 3L5, Canada
| | - Lahcen Benomar
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Guillaume Théroux-Rancourt
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Mohammed S Lamhamedi
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano (TR) 05010, Italy
| | - Mebarek Lamara
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
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10
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Li S, Hamani AKM, Si Z, Liang Y, Gao Y, Duan A. Leaf Gas Exchange of Tomato Depends on Abscisic Acid and Jasmonic Acid in Response to Neighboring Plants under Different Soil Nitrogen Regimes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1674. [PMID: 33260470 PMCID: PMC7759899 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
High planting density and nitrogen shortage are two important limiting factors for crop yield. Phytohormones, abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA), play important roles in plant growth. A pot experiment was conducted to reveal the role of ABA and JA in regulating leaf gas exchange and growth in response to the neighborhood of plants under different nitrogen regimes. The experiment included two factors: two planting densities per pot (a single plant or four competing plants) and two N application levels per pot (1 and 15 mmol·L-1). Compared to when a single plant was grown per pot, neighboring competition decreased stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (Tr) and net photosynthesis (Pn). Shoot ABA and JA and the shoot-to-root ratio increased in response to neighbors. Both gs and Pn were negatively related to shoot ABA and JA. In addition, N shortage stimulated the accumulation of ABA in roots, especially for competing plants, whereas root JA in competing plants did not increase in N15. Pearson's correlation coefficient (R2) of gs to ABA and gs to JA was higher in N1 than in N15. As compared to the absolute value of slope of gs to shoot ABA in N15, it increased in N1. Furthermore, the stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation of competing plants in N1 were much higher than in other treatments. It was concluded that the accumulations of ABA and JA in shoots play a coordinating role in regulating gs and Pn in response to neighbors; N shortage could intensify the impact of competition on limiting carbon fixation and plant growth directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhuanyun Si
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (GSCAAS), Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yueping Liang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; (S.L.); (A.K.M.H.); (Z.S.); (Y.L.)
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Khan A, Sun J, Zarif N, Khan K, Jamil MA, Yang L, Clothier B, Rewald B. Effects of Increased N Deposition on Leaf Functional Traits of Four Contrasting Tree Species in Northeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1231. [PMID: 32962033 PMCID: PMC7570078 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Northeast China is persistently affected by heavy nitrogen (N) deposition. Studying the induced variation in leaf traits is pivotal to develop an understanding of the adaptive plasticity of affected species. This study thus assesses effects of increased N deposition on leaf morphological and anatomical traits and their correlation among and with biomass allocation patterns. A factorial experiment was conducted utilizing seedlings of two gymnosperms (Larix gmelinii, Pinus koraiensis) and two angiosperms (Fraxinus mandshurica, Tilia amurensis). Leaf mass per area and leaf density decreased and leaf thickness increased under high N deposition but trait interrelations remained stable. In gymnosperms, leaf mass per area was correlated to both leaf thickness and area, while being correlated to leaf density only in angiosperms. Epidermis, mesophyll thickness, conduit and vascular bundle diameter increased. Despite the differences in taxonomic groups and leaf habits, the common patterns of variation suggest that a certain degree of convergence exists between the species' reaction towards N deposition. However, stomata pore length increased in angiosperms, and decreased in gymnosperms under N deposition. Furthermore, biomass and leaf mass fraction were correlated to leaf traits in gymnosperms only, suggesting a differential coordination of leaf traits and biomass allocation patterns under high N deposition per taxonomic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attaullah Khan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Jingjue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Nowsherwan Zarif
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
- Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar (PFI), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Khan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Muhammad Atif Jamil
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Lixue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Heilongjiang, Harbin 150040, China; (A.K.); (J.S.); (N.Z.); (K.K.); (M.A.J.)
| | - Brent Clothier
- Sustainable Production, New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Tennent Drive, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand;
| | - Boris Rewald
- Forest Ecology, Department for Forest and Soil Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
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