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Elferjani R, Benomar L, Momayyezi M, Tognetti R, Niinemets Ü, Soolanayakanahally RY, Théroux-Rancourt G, Tosens T, Ripullone F, Bilodeau-Gauthier S, Lamhamedi MS, Calfapietra C, Lamara M. A meta-analysis of mesophyll conductance to CO2 in relation to major abiotic stresses in poplar species. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:4384-4400. [PMID: 33739415 PMCID: PMC8163042 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) determines the diffusion of CO2 from the substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in the chloroplasts and represents a critical component of the diffusive limitation of photosynthesis. In this study, we evaluated the average effect sizes of different environmental constraints on gm in Populus spp., a forest tree model. We collected raw data of 815 A-Ci response curves from 26 datasets to estimate gm, using a single curve-fitting method to alleviate method-related bias. We performed a meta-analysis to assess the effects of different abiotic stresses on gm. We found a significant increase in gm from the bottom to the top of the canopy that was concomitant with the increase of maximum rate of carboxylation and light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Amax). gm was positively associated with increases in soil moisture and nutrient availability, but was insensitive to increasing soil copper concentration and did not vary with atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results showed that gm was strongly related to Amax and to a lesser extent to stomatal conductance (gs). Moreover, a negative exponential relationship was obtained between gm and specific leaf area, which may be used to scale-up gm within the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed Elferjani
- Quebec Network for Reforestation and Intensive Silviculture, TELUQ University, Montreal, QC, H2S 3L5, Canada
| | - Lahcen Benomar
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Mina Momayyezi
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Roberto Tognetti
- Università degli Studi del Molise, Via De Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Guillaume Théroux-Rancourt
- Institute of Botany, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | | | - Mohammed S Lamhamedi
- Direction de la Recherche Forestière, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, QC, G1P 3W8, Canada
| | - Carlo Calfapietra
- Institute of Agro-Environmental & Forest Biology (IBAF), National Research Council (CNR), Via Marconi 2, Porano (TR) 05010, Italy
| | - Mebarek Lamara
- Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, QC, J9X 5E4, Canada
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Wein A, Bauhus J, Bilodeau-Gauthier S, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Nock C, Staab M. Tree Species Richness Promotes Invertebrate Herbivory on Congeneric Native and Exotic Tree Saplings in a Young Diversity Experiment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168751. [PMID: 27992554 PMCID: PMC5161486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree diversity in forests is an important driver of ecological processes including herbivory. Empirical evidence suggests both negative and positive effects of tree diversity on herbivory, which can be, respectively, attributed to associational resistance or associational susceptibility. Tree diversity experiments allow testing for associational effects, but evidence regarding which pattern predominates is mixed. Furthermore, it is unknown if herbivory on tree species of native vs. exotic origin is influenced by changing tree diversity in a similar way, or if exotic tree species escape natural enemies, resulting in lower damage that is unrelated to tree diversity. To address these questions, we established a young tree diversity experiment in temperate southwestern Germany that uses high planting density (49 trees per plot; plot size 13 m2). The species pool consists of six congeneric species pairs of European and North American origin (12 species in total) planted in monocultures and mixtures (1, 2, 4, 6 species). We assessed leaf damage by leaf-chewing insects on more than 5,000 saplings of six broadleaved tree species. Plot-level tree species richness increased leaf damage, which more than doubled from monocultures to six-species mixtures, strongly supporting associational susceptibility. However, leaf damage among congeneric native and exotic species pairs was similar. There were marked differences in patterns of leaf damage across tree genera, and only the genera likely having a predominately generalist herbivore community showed associational susceptibility, irrespective of the geographical origin of a tree species. In conclusion, an increase in tree species richness in young temperate forests may result in associational susceptibility to feeding by generalist herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Wein
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Centre-ville Station, QC H3C 3P8 Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Charles Nock
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Staab
- Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Verheyen K, Vanhellemont M, Auge H, Baeten L, Baraloto C, Barsoum N, Bilodeau-Gauthier S, Bruelheide H, Castagneyrol B, Godbold D, Haase J, Hector A, Jactel H, Koricheva J, Loreau M, Mereu S, Messier C, Muys B, Nolet P, Paquette A, Parker J, Perring M, Ponette Q, Potvin C, Reich P, Smith A, Weih M, Scherer-Lorenzen M. Contributions of a global network of tree diversity experiments to sustainable forest plantations. Ambio 2016; 45:29-41. [PMID: 26264716 PMCID: PMC4709352 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-015-0685-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The area of forest plantations is increasing worldwide helping to meet timber demand and protect natural forests. However, with global change, monospecific plantations are increasingly vulnerable to abiotic and biotic disturbances. As an adaption measure we need to move to plantations that are more diverse in genotypes, species, and structure, with a design underpinned by science. TreeDivNet, a global network of tree diversity experiments, responds to this need by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of mixed species plantations. The network currently consists of 18 experiments, distributed over 36 sites and five ecoregions. With plantations 1-15 years old, TreeDivNet can already provide relevant data for forest policy and management. In this paper, we highlight some early results on the carbon sequestration and pest resistance potential of more diverse plantations. Finally, suggestions are made for new, innovative experiments in understudied regions to complement the existing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Margot Vanhellemont
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Harald Auge
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4, 06120, Halle, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (Halle-Jena-Leipzig), iDiv, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Christopher Baraloto
- Department of Biological Sciences, International Center for Tropical Botany, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- INRA, UMR Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana.
- Department of Botany, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Centre for Ecosystems, Society and Biosecurity, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, GU10 4LH, Surrey, UK.
| | - Simon Bilodeau-Gauthier
- Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQM), P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle, Germany.
| | - Bastien Castagneyrol
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, 33612, Cestas, France.
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 33610, Cestas, France.
- UMR 1202, BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France.
| | - Douglas Godbold
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Universität für Bodenkultur (BOKU), Peter Jordan Str 82, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Josephine Haase
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Austria.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Ecosystem Management, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstr. 16, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK.
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 33610, Cestas, France.
- UMR 1202, BIOGECO, University of Bordeaux, 33615, Pessac, France.
| | - Julia Koricheva
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, Surrey, UK.
| | - Michel Loreau
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, 2 route du CNRS, 09200, Moulis, France.
| | - Simone Mereu
- Department of Science for Nature and Natural Resources, University of Sassari, Via Enrico De Nicola 1, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
- Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Impacts on Agriculture, Forest, and Natural Ecosystems, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQM), P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt tempérée (ISFORT), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), 8, Rue Principale, Ripon, QC, JOV 1V0, Canada.
| | - Bart Muys
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, Box 2411, 3001, Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Philippe Nolet
- Département des Sciences naturelles, Université du Québec en Outaouais, 58 Principale, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada.
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research (CFR), Université du Québec à Montréal (UQM), P.O. Box 8888, Centre-ville Station, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - John Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA.
| | - Mike Perring
- Forest & Nature Lab, Department of Forest and Water Management, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, 9090, Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
- Ecosystem Restoration and Intervention Ecology Research Group, School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Quentin Ponette
- Earth and Life Institute - Environmental Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.09, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Catherine Potvin
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr Penfield, Montréal, QC, H3A-1B1, Canada.
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama, USA.
| | - Peter Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW, 2753, Australia.
| | - Andy Smith
- School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Thoday Building, Bangor, LL57 2UW, Gwynedd, UK.
| | - Martin Weih
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7043, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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