1
|
Xie L, Pan L, Liu B, Cheng H, Mao X. Research progress on the association between trimethylamine/trimethylamine-N-oxide and neurological disorders. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:283-288. [PMID: 38158712 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a common intestinal metabolite. The Choline in the nutrient forms TMA under the action of the gut microbiota, which passes through the liver and eventually forms TMAO. Initial studies of TMAO focused on cardiovascular disease, but as research progressed, TAMO's effects were found to be multisystem and closely related to the development of neurological diseases. Intestinal tract is the organ with the largest concentration of bacteria in human body, and the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota affect human health. As a two-way communication axis connecting the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, the brain-gut axis provides the structural basis for TMAO to play its role. This article will review the correlation between TMA/TMAO and neurological diseases in order to find new directions and new targets for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Li Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Baiyun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Hongwei Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xiang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 100070, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Tianshui, Tian Shui, Gansu, 741000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ma YY, Li X, Yu JT, Wang YJ. Therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases by targeting the gut microbiome: from bench to bedside. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:12. [PMID: 38414054 PMCID: PMC10898075 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The aetiologies and origins of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Huntington's disease (HD), are complex and multifaceted. A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays crucial roles in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Clinicians have come to realize that therapeutics targeting the gut microbiome have the potential to halt the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. This narrative review examines the alterations in the gut microbiome in AD, PD, ALS and HD, highlighting the close relationship between the gut microbiome and the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Processes that mediate the gut microbiome-brain communication in neurodegenerative diseases, including the immunological, vagus nerve and circulatory pathways, are evaluated. Furthermore, we summarize potential therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases that modify the gut microbiome and its metabolites, including diets, probiotics and prebiotics, microbial metabolites, antibacterials and faecal microbiome transplantation. Finally, current challenges and future directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ma
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xin Li
- Army 953 Hospital, Shigatse Branch of Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Shigatse, 857000, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, 400042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Latif S, Kang YS. Protective Effects of Choline against Inflammatory Cytokines and Characterization of Transport in Motor Neuron-like Cell Lines (NSC-34). Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2374. [PMID: 36365192 PMCID: PMC9699384 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Choline, a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, is essential for nervous system functions, brain development, and gene expression. In our study, we investigated the protective effect and transport characteristics of choline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) model cell lines. We used the wild-type (WT) motor neuron-like hybrid cell line (NSC-34/hSOD1WT) as a control and the mutant-type (MT; NSC-34/hSOD1G93A) as a disease model. The uptake of [3H]choline was time-, pH-, and concentration-dependent. [3H]Choline transport was sodium-dependent, and, upon pretreatment with valinomycin, induced membrane depolarization. Gene knockdown of Slc44a1 revealed that choline-like transporter 1 (CTL1) mediates the transport of choline. In NSC-34 cell lines, the specific choline transporter inhibitor, hemicholinium-3 demonstrated significant inhibition. Donepezil and nifedipine caused dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]choline uptake by the MT cell line with minimal half inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 0.14 mM and 3.06 mM, respectively. Four-day pretreatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) resulted in an inhibitory effect on [3H]choline uptake. Choline exerted protective and compensatory effects against cytokines mediators. Hence, the choline transport system CLT1 may act as a potential target for the delivery of novel pharmacological drugs, and the combination of drugs with choline can help treat symptoms related to ALS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Sook Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women’s University, 100 Cheongpa-ro 47-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mudimela S, Vishwanath NK, Pillai A, Morales R, Marrelli SP, Barichello T, Giridharan VV. Clinical significance and potential role of trimethylamine N-oxide in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103334. [PMID: 35998800 PMCID: PMC10392962 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, research on the gut microbiome and its metabolites, such as trimethylamines (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), bile acids, tryptophan and indole derivatives, has attracted the attention of many scientists and industrialists. Among these metabolites, TMAO is produced from dietary choline, phosphatidylcholine, carnitine,andbetaine. TMAO and other gut metabolites, such as TMA and SCFAs, reach the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and are involved in brain development, neurogenesis, and behavior. Gut-microbiota composition is influenced by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and age. Several studies have confirmed that altered TMAO levels contribute to metabolic, vascular, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on how altered TMAO levels impact oxidative stress, microglial activation, and the apoptosis of neurons, and may lead to neuroinflammation, which can subsequently result in the development of psychiatric, cognitive, and behavioral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sowjanya Mudimela
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES University, HN-Campus, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Anilkumar Pillai
- Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disorders Program, Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Research and Development, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Morales
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Experimental Physiopathology Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Translational Psychiatry Program, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marino C, Grimaldi M, Sommella EM, Ciaglia T, Santoro A, Buonocore M, Salviati E, Trojsi F, Polverino A, Sorrentino P, Sorrentino G, Campiglia P, D’Ursi AM. The Metabolomic Profile in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Changes According to the Progression of the Disease: An Exploratory Study. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090837. [PMID: 36144241 PMCID: PMC9504184 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative pathology of the upper or lower motor neuron. Evaluation of ALS progression is based on clinical outcomes considering the impairment of body sites. ALS has been extensively investigated in the pathogenetic mechanisms and the clinical profile; however, no molecular biomarkers are used as diagnostic criteria to establish the ALS pathological staging. Using the source-reconstructed magnetoencephalography (MEG) approach, we demonstrated that global brain hyperconnectivity is associated with early and advanced clinical ALS stages. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) spectroscopy, here we studied the metabolomic profile of ALS patients' sera characterized by different stages of disease progression-namely early and advanced. Multivariate statistical analysis of the data integrated with the network analysis indicates that metabolites related to energy deficit, abnormal concentrations of neurotoxic metabolites and metabolites related to neurotransmitter production are pathognomonic of ALS in the advanced stage. Furthermore, analysis of the lipidomic profile indicates that advanced ALS patients report significant alteration of phosphocholine (PCs), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPCs), and sphingomyelin (SMs) metabolism, consistent with the exigency of lipid remodeling to repair advanced neuronal degeneration and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Marino
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Manuela Grimaldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo Maria Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Buonocore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Trojsi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Maggiore Salvatore Arena, Contrada San Benedetto, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Arianna Polverino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Institute of Diagnosis and Treatment Hermitage Capodimonte, Cupa delle Tozzole, 2, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems of National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Motor and Wellness Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 38, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D’Ursi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano, 84084 Salerno, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089969748
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rebeaud J, Peter B, Pot C. How Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Link the Gut to the Brain during Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710128. [PMID: 36077526 PMCID: PMC9456539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-derived metabolites are important molecules connecting the gut to the brain. Over the last decade, several studies have highlighted the importance of gut-derived metabolites in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, microbiota-derived metabolites modulate the immune system and affect demyelination. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about microbiota-derived metabolites implications in MS and in different mouse models of neuroinflammation. We focus on the main families of microbial metabolites that play a role during neuroinflammation. A better understanding of the role of those metabolites may lead to new therapeutical avenues to treat neuroinflammatory diseases targeting the gut–brain axis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ilyas A, Wijayasinghe YS, Khan I, El Samaloty NM, Adnan M, Dar TA, Poddar NK, Singh LR, Sharma H, Khan S. Implications of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and Betaine in Human Health: Beyond Being Osmoprotective Compounds. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:964624. [PMID: 36310589 PMCID: PMC9601739 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.964624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmolytes are naturally occurring small molecular weight organic molecules, which are accumulated in large amounts in all life forms to maintain the stability of cellular proteins and hence preserve their functions during adverse environmental conditions. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine) are methylamine osmolytes that have been extensively studied for their diverse roles in humans and have demonstrated opposing relations with human health. These osmolytes are obtained from food and synthesized endogenously using dietary constituents like choline and carnitine. Especially, gut microbiota plays a vital role in TMAO synthesis and contributes significantly to plasma TMAO levels. The elevated plasma TMAO has been reported to be correlated with the pathogenesis of numerous human diseases, including cardiovascular disease, heart failure, kidney diseases, metabolic syndrome, etc.; Hence, TMAO has been recognized as a novel biomarker for the detection/prediction of several human diseases. In contrast, betaine acts as a methyl donor in one-carbon metabolism, maintains cellular S-adenosylmethionine levels, and protects the cells from the harmful effects of increased plasma homocysteine. Betaine also demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and has a promising therapeutic value in several human diseases, including homocystinuria and fatty liver disease. The present review examines the multifarious functions of TMAO and betaine with possible molecular mechanisms towards a better understanding of their emerging and diverging functions with probable implications in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashal Ilyas
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka,*Correspondence: Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe, , Nitesh Kumar Poddar, , , Shahanavaj Khan,
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M. El Samaloty
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer Ali Dar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Poddar
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe, , Nitesh Kumar Poddar, , , Shahanavaj Khan,
| | - Laishram R. Singh
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Hemlata Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Yasanandana Supunsiri Wijayasinghe, , Nitesh Kumar Poddar, , , Shahanavaj Khan,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Role of a Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), in Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6684-6700. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02990-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
9
|
Flavin-Containing Monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) Is Critical for Dioxin-Induced Reorganization of the Gut Microbiome and Host Insulin Sensitivity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040364. [PMID: 35448550 PMCID: PMC9029240 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to some environmental pollutants can have potent endocrine-disrupting effects, thereby promoting hormone imbalance and cardiometabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), diabetes, and cardiorenal diseases. Recent evidence also suggests that many environmental pollutants can reorganize the gut microbiome to potentially impact these diverse human diseases. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is among the most potent endocrine-disrupting dioxin pollutants, yet our understanding of how TCDD impacts the gut microbiome and systemic metabolism is incompletely understood. Here, we show that TCDD exposure in mice profoundly stimulates the hepatic expression of flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (Fmo3), which is a hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme that is also responsible for the production of the gut microbiome-associated metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Interestingly, an enzymatic product of FMO3 (TMAO) has been associated with the same cardiometabolic diseases that these environmental pollutants promote. Therefore, here, we examined TCDD-induced alterations in the gut microbiome, host liver transcriptome, and glucose tolerance in Fmo3+/+ and Fmo3-/- mice. Our results show that Fmo3 is a critical component of the transcriptional response to TCDD, impacting the gut microbiome, host liver transcriptome, and systemic glucose tolerance. Collectively, this work uncovers a previously underappreciated role for Fmo3 in integrating diet-pollutant-microbe-host interactions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Cinar H, Oliva R, Wu H, Zhang M, Chan HS, Winter R. Effects of Cosolvents and Crowding Agents on the Stability and Phase Transition Kinetics of the SynGAP/PSD-95 Condensate Model of Postsynaptic Densities. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1734-1741. [PMID: 35171623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The SynGAP/PSD-95 binary protein system serves as a simple mimicry of postsynaptic densities (PSDs), which are protein assemblies based largely on liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), that are located underneath the plasma membrane of excitatory synapses. Surprisingly, the LLPS of the SynGAP/PSD-95 system is much more pressure sensitive than typical folded states of proteins or nucleic acids. It was found that phase-separated SynGAP/PSD-95 droplets dissolve into a homogeneous solution at a pressure of tens to hundred bar. Since organisms in the deep sea are exposed to pressures of up to ∼1000 bar, this observation suggests that deep-sea organisms must counteract the high pressure sensitivity of PSDs to avoid neurological impairment. We demonstrate here that the compatible osmolyte trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) as well as macromolecular crowding agents at moderate concentrations can mitigate the deleterious effect of pressure on SynGAP/PSD-95 droplet stability, extending stable LLPS up to almost a kbar level. Moreover, the formation of SynGAP/PSD-95 droplets is a very rapid process that can be switched on and off in seconds. In contrast with the marked effects of the cosolutes on droplet stability, at the cosolutes' respective biologically relevant concentrations, their impact on the phase transformation kinetics is rather small. Only a high TMAO concentration results in a significant kinetic retardation of LLPS. Taken together, these findings offer new biophysical insights into the neurological effects of hydrostatic pressure. In particular, our results indicate how pressure-induced neurological disorders might be alleviated by upregulating certain cosolutes in the cellular milieu.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Cinar
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haowei Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.,School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hue Sun Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Romanenko M, Kholin V, Koliada A, Vaiserman A. Nutrition, Gut Microbiota, and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:712673. [PMID: 34421687 PMCID: PMC8374099 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.712673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Evidence is obtained that the gut microbiota is a key player in these processes. Dietary changes (both adverse and beneficial) may influence the microbiome composition, thereby affecting the gut-brain axis and the subsequent risk for Alzheimer's disease progression. In this review, the research findings that support the role of intestinal microbiota in connection between nutritional factors and the risk for Alzheimer's disease onset and progression are summarized. The mechanisms potentially involved in these processes as well as the potential of probiotics and prebiotics in therapeutic modulation of contributed pathways are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Romanenko
- Laboratory of Dietetics, D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Victor Kholin
- Department of Age Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System, D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Alexander Vaiserman
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology NAMS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|