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Montes F, Blanco M, Useche AF, Sanchez-Franco S, Caro C, Tong L, Li J, Zhou H, Murray JM, Sarmiento OL, Kee F, Hunter RF. Exploring the mechanistic pathways of how social network influences social norms in adolescent smoking prevention interventions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3017. [PMID: 36810585 PMCID: PMC9944961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We know little about how smoking prevention interventions might leverage social network structures to enhance protective social norms. In this study we combined statistical and network science methods to explore how social networks influence social norms related to adolescent smoking in school-specific settings in Northern Ireland and Colombia. Pupils (12-15 years old) participated in two smoking prevention interventions in both countries (n = 1344). A Latent Transition Analysis identified three groups characterized by descriptive and injunctive norms towards smoking. We employed a Separable Temporal Random Graph Model to analyze homophily in social norms and conducted a descriptive analysis of the changes in the students' and their friends' social norms over time to account for social influence. The results showed that students were more likely to be friends with others who had social norms against smoking. However, students with social norms favorable towards smoking had more friends with similar views than the students with perceived norms against smoking, underlining the importance of network thresholds. Our results support the notation that the ASSIST intervention takes advantage of friendship networks to leverage greater change in the students' smoking social norms than the Dead Cool intervention, reiterating that social norms are subject to social influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Martha Blanco
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres F. Useche
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sharon Sanchez-Franco
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Caro
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lei Tong
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jie Li
- grid.64938.300000 0000 9558 9911College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Murray
- grid.416232.00000 0004 0399 1866Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Queen’s University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, 02890978955 UK
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Frank Kee
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ UK
| | - Ruth F. Hunter
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ UK
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2
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. [El entorno construido en los programas diseñados para promover la actividad física entre las niñas, niños y jóvenes latinos que viven en Estados Unidos y América Latina]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13345. [PMID: 34708530 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Reino Unido
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU.,Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, EE. UU
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, EE. UU
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3
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Gignac F, Solé C, Barrera-Gómez J, Persavento C, Tena È, López-Vicente M, Júlvez J, Sunyer J, Couso D, Basagaña X. Identifying Factors Influencing Attention in Adolescents with a Co-Created Questionnaire: A Citizen Science Approach with Secondary Students in Barcelona, Spain. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8221. [PMID: 34360520 PMCID: PMC8345951 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18158221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Studies on factors that can influence attention in healthy adolescents are recent and focus on recurrent topics. Students' contribution to public health research often revolves around collecting data but rarely around creating data collection instruments. The ATENC!Ó project reunited secondary students and scientists to create a questionnaire including factors that students thought could affect their attention. We conducted a cross-sectional study to assess whether the factors included in this questionnaire had an effect on attention in adolescents. A total of 1667 students (13-16 years old) from 28 schools in Barcelona performed a validated attention test and answered the questionnaire. The response speed consistency (attentiveness), expressed as hit reaction time standard error (HRT-SE, in ms), was used as the primary outcome. Analyses were conducted using conditional linear regression with school as strata, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and further stratified by gender and maternal social class. Some factors showed a negative influence on attention, including taking medication and not reading regularly. We found a significant 14.3% (95% confidence interval: 3.4%, 25.3%) higher median of HRT-SE (increase inattentiveness) among students who reported not having a good relationship with classmates. Students' input into research is relevant for advancing the knowledge production in public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gignac
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (J.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Solé
- Departament de Didactica de les Ciencies, Facultat d’Educacio, Edifici G5, Campus de la UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.S.); (È.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Jose Barrera-Gómez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (J.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Persavento
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (J.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Èlia Tena
- Departament de Didactica de les Ciencies, Facultat d’Educacio, Edifici G5, Campus de la UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.S.); (È.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Mónica López-Vicente
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Jordi Júlvez
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204 Reus, Spain;
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (J.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Digna Couso
- Departament de Didactica de les Ciencies, Facultat d’Educacio, Edifici G5, Campus de la UAB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.S.); (È.T.); (D.C.)
| | - Xavier Basagaña
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (F.G.); (J.B.-G.); (C.P.); (J.S.)
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. Built environment in programs to promote physical activity among Latino children and youth living in the United States and in Latin America. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13236. [PMID: 33825294 PMCID: PMC8365655 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To prevent obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America, it is necessary to understand the specific context and interplay of physical activity (PA) and the built environment (BE). This paper aims to advance the research agenda of BE and PA for obesity prevention in Latin America and among Latino youth in the United States by (1) identifying environmental indicators to inform the design of interventions and policy, (2) identifying interdisciplinary methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and (3) presenting case studies of PA-promoting BE programs. A group of U.S. and Latin American scientists collaboratively worked to propose innovative indicators of the BE, methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and review case studies of PA-promoting BE programs in both regions. The results identified gaps in knowledge, proposed environmental indicators (e.g., landscape, street design, mobility patterns, and crime and safety), reviewed methodological approaches (social network analysis, citizen science methods), and case studies illustrating PA-promoting BE programs (i.e., play streets, active school transport, and school setting interventions). The obesity prevention among Latino and Latin American youth requires advanced research on BE and PA addressing context-specific priorities and exchanging lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis Scholar Institute of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, USA
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