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O'Donovan G, Petermann-Rocha F, Ferrari G, Lee IM, Hamer M, Stamatakis E, Sarmiento OL, Ibáñez A, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Associations of the 'weekend warrior' physical activity pattern with all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality: the Mexico City Prospective Study. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:359-365. [PMID: 38302280 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to investigate the benefits of the 'weekend warrior' physical activity pattern in Latin America, where many people take part in high levels of non-exercise physical activity. METHODS Participants in the Mexico City Prospective Study were surveyed from 1998 to 2004 and resurveyed from 2015 to 2019. Those who exercised up to once or twice per week were termed weekend warriors. Those who exercised more often were termed regularly active. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS The main analysis included 26 006 deaths in 154 882 adults (67% female) aged 52±13 years followed for 18±4 years (mean±SD). Compared with those who reported no exercise, the HR (95% CI) was 0.88 (0.83 to 0.93) in the weekend warriors and 0.88 (0.84 to 0.91) in the regularly active. Similar results were observed for cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality, but associations were weaker. Stratified analyses showed that substantial reductions in all-cause mortality risk only occurred when the duration of exercise sessions was at least 30-60 min. The repeated-measures analysis included 843 deaths in 10 023 adults followed for 20±2 years. Compared with being inactive or becoming inactive, the HR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.12) when being a weekend warrior or becoming a weekend warrior and 0.85 (95% CI 0.70 to 1.03) when being regularly active or becoming regularly active. CONCLUSIONS This is the first prospective study to investigate the benefits of the weekend warrior physical activity pattern in Latin America. The results suggest that even busy adults could benefit from taking part in one or two sessions of exercise per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary O'Donovan
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Masira, Universidad de Santander (UDES), Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Fanny Petermann-Rocha
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Escuela de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - I-Min Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Hamer
- Institute Sport Exercise Health, Division Surgery Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC) and CONICET, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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González SA, Adlakha D, Cabas S, Sánchez-Franco SC, Rubio MA, Ossa N, Martínez PA, Espinosa N, Sarmiento OL. Adaptation of the Recreovía During COVID-19 Lockdowns: Making Physical Activity Accessible to Older Adults in Bogotá, Colombia. J Aging Phys Act 2024; 32:91-106. [PMID: 37883645 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2022-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The community restrictions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic adversely impacted older adults' physical activity levels. This convergent mixed-method study assessed the adaptation of the Recreovía, a community-based physical activity program in Bogotá, and characterized physical activity levels among older adult participants. Our results showed how the Recreovía adapted during the pandemic to continue promoting physical activity, through indoor and outdoor strategies, including virtual physical activity sessions and safety protocols. During this time, 72%-79% of the older adults attending the adapted program were physically active. A greater proportion of park users (84.2%) and more people involved in vigorous physical activity were observed during Recreovía days. Older adults had positive experiences and perceptions of the Recreovía program related to their health and social well-being. Even though the older adults prefer being outdoors, the adapted program allowed participants to continue with their physical activity routines as much as possible during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Instituto Distrital de Recreación y Deporte, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Santiago Cabas
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Maria A Rubio
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Natalia Ossa
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola A Martínez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- LOGYCA, Bogotá, Colombia
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Meisel JD, Esguerra V, Giraldo JK, Montes F, Stankov I, Meisel CA, Sarmiento OL, Valdivia JA. Understanding the dynamics of the obesity transition associated with physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of ultra-processed foods in Colombia. Prev Med 2023; 177:107720. [PMID: 37802196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigate the obesity transition at the country- and regional-levels, by age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) and its relationship to three health behavior attributes, including physical activity (PA), sedentary activities (ST), and consumption of ultra-processed foods (CUPF) within the urban population of Colombia, from 20,010 to 2050. METHODS The study is informed by cross-sectional data from ENSIN survey. We used these data to develop a system dynamics model that simulates the dynamics of obesity by body mass index (BMI) categories, gender, and SES. This model also uses a conservative co-flow structure for three health-related behaviors (PA, ST, and CUPF). RESULTS At the national level, our results indicate that the burden of obesity is shifting towards populations with lower SES as the gross domestic product (GDP) increases, particularly women aged 20-59 years with lower SES. Among this group of women, the highest burden of obesity is among those who do not meet the PA, ST and CUPF recommendations. At the regional level, our findings suggest that the regions are at different stages in the obesity transition. CONCLUSIONS The burden of obesity is shifting towards women with lower SES as GDP increases at the national level and across several regions. This obesity transition is paralleled by a high prevalence of women from low SES groups who do not meet the minimum recommendations for PA, CUPF, and ST. Our findings can be used by decision-makers to inform age- and SES- specific policies seeking to tackle the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, 730001 Ibagué, Colombia; Social and Health Complexity Center, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Valentina Esguerra
- Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, 730001 Ibagué, Colombia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - John K Giraldo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, 730001 Ibagué, Colombia
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, 7th floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Carlos A Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, 730001 Ibagué, Colombia.
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 Este No. 19A-40, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Juan A Valdivia
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa Santiago, Chile; Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Santiago, Chile.
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Sánchez-Franco S, Montgomery SC, Torres-Narvaez ES, Ramírez AM, Murray JM, Tate C, Llorente B, Bauld L, Hunter RF, Kee F, Sarmiento OL. How Do Adolescent Smoking Prevention Interventions Work in Different Contextual Settings? A Qualitative Comparative Study Between the UK and Colombia. Int J Behav Med 2023:10.1007/s12529-023-10211-z. [PMID: 37697141 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent smoking is associated with significant health and social risks. Previous research has demonstrated the effectiveness of interventions based on behavior change theories in preventing adolescent smoking uptake. However, evidence from the theory-based perspective of evaluation is limited, especially for how such complex interventions work, and how they work when implemented in different contextual settings. METHOD A comparative qualitative analysis was conducted to explore various influences on behavior change among participants taking part in two smoking prevention interventions in Northern Ireland and Bogotá. Twenty-seven focus groups were conducted in 12 schools (6 in Northern Ireland and 6 in Bogota, n = 195 pupils participated; aged 11-15 years). The Theoretical Domains Framework guided a content analysis of the data. RESULTS We found similarities across settings in terms of knowledge, skills, and beliefs related to smoking or vaping behavior change, as well as differences in contextual resources and social influence. Different environmental resources included availability to purchase tobacco products in the neighborhoods and previous information about tobacco risk. Participants in both interventions perceived behavioral change outcomes related to personal skills and intention to not smoke or vape. CONCLUSION These findings have highlighted how both individual factors and contextual resources influence behavior change for smoking prevention in practice. Local contextual factors and social influences affecting pupils should be taken into account in the implementation and evaluation of health behavior change interventions. In particular, this study supports using social and contextual influence strategies in interventions to reduce the onset of adolescent smoking and vaping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sánchez-Franco
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18A-10 Block Q, 111711018, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Erika S Torres-Narvaez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18A-10 Block Q, 111711018, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana M Ramírez
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18A-10 Block Q, 111711018, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jennifer M Murray
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Christopher Tate
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Linda Bauld
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 # 18A-10 Block Q, 111711018, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Baquero S, Montes F, Stankov I, Sarmiento OL, Medina P, Slesinski SC, Diez-Canseco F, Kroker-Lobos MF, Caiaffa WT, Vives A, Alazraqui M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Roux AVD. Author Correction: Assessing cohesion and diversity in the collaboration network of the SALURBAL project. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13676. [PMID: 37607957 PMCID: PMC10444870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Baquero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Crr 1 Este No.19ª-40 Piso 8, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Crr 1 Este No.19ª-40 Piso 8, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Medina
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Crr 1 Este No.19ª-40 Piso 8, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Claire Slesinski
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco Diez-Canseco
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 15074, Peru
| | - Maria F Kroker-Lobos
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, 01011, Guatemala
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte (OSUBH), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Vives
- Department of Public Health, CEDEUS, Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcio Alazraqui
- Institute of Collective Health, National University of Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Baldovino-Chiquillo L, Sarmiento OL, O'Donovan G, Wilches-Mogollon MA, Aguilar AF, Florez-Pregonero A, Martínez PA, Arellana J, Guzmán LA, Yamada G, Rodriguez DA, Diez-Roux AV. Effects of an urban cable car intervention on physical activity: the TrUST natural experiment in Bogotá, Colombia. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1290-e1300. [PMID: 37474235 PMCID: PMC10369015 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cable cars are part of the transport system in several cities in Latin America, but no evaluations of their effects on physical activity are available. TransMiCable is the first cable car in Bogotá, Colombia, and the wider intervention includes renovated parks and playgrounds. We assessed the effects of TransMiCable and the wider intervention on physical activity. METHODS The Urban Transformations and Health natural experiment was a prospective quasi-experimental study conducted from Feb 1, 2018, to Dec 18, 2018 (baseline, pre-intervention) and from July 2, 2019, to March 15, 2020 (post-intervention follow-up) in the TransMiCable intervention area (Ciudad Bolívar settlement) and a control area without TransMiCable (San Cristóbal settlement). A multistage strategy was used to sample households in each area, with one adult (aged ≥18 years) per household invited to participate. Eligible participants had lived in the intervention or control areas for at least 2 years and were not planning to move within the next 2 years. Physical activity was assessed among participants in the intervention and control areas before and after the inauguration of TransMiCable in Ciudad Bolívar with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (long form) and with wearable accelerometers. Complete cases (those with baseline and follow-up data) were included in analyses. Respondents were classed as being physically active if they met 2020 WHO guidelines (≥150 min per week of moderate activity, ≥75 min per week of vigorous activity, or equivalent combinations); and accelerometery data were classified with the Freedson cut-points for adults. Data were also gathered in zonal parks (area ≥10 000 m2) and neighbourhood parks (area <10 000 m2) in the intervention and control areas by direct observation with the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities, to assess levels of physical activity before and after the TransMiCable intervention. Multilevel regression models were used to assess changes in physical activity associated with the TransMiCable intervention. FINDINGS Physical activity questionnaires were completed by 2052 adult participants (1289 [62·8%] women and 763 [37·2%] men; mean age 43·5 years [SD 17·7]) before the inauguration of TransMiCable. After the inauguration, the follow-up (final) questionnaire sample comprised 825 adults in the intervention group and 854 in the control group, including 357 adults in the intervention group and 334 in the control group with valid accelerometery data. 334 (40·5%) of 825 participants in the intervention group reported levels of physical activity that met the 2020 WHO guidelines during walking for transport before the intervention, and 426 (51·6%) afterwards (change 11·1 percentage points [95% CI 6·4 to 15·9]). A similar change was observed in the control group (change 8·0 percentage points [3·4 to 12·5]; adjusted odds ratio [OR] for the time-by-group interaction, intervention vs control group: 1·1 [95% CI 0·8 to 1·5], p=0·38). Time spent doing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, measured with accelerometers, did not change in the intervention group after the inauguration of TransMiCable (change -0·8 min per day [-4·6 to 3·0]) and did not change compared with the control group (adjusted β for the time-by-group interaction: 1·4 min per day [95% CI -2·0 to 4·9], p=0·41). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 52·1 min per day (SD 24·7) before and 59·4 min per day (35·2) after the inauguration of TransMiCable in new regular users who reported using TransMiCable during mandatory trips for work or education (n=32; change 7·3 min per day [-22·5 to 7·9]). After the intervention, an increase in the proportion of male individuals engaging in moderate or vigorous physical activity was observed in a renovated zonal park (adjusted OR for the time-by-group interaction, intervention vs control park: 2·7 [1·1 to 6·8], p=0·033). Female users of a renovated neighbourhood park were less likely to become engaged in moderate or vigorous physical activity than female users of the control area neighbourhood park (adjusted OR for the time-by-group interaction: 0·4 [0·1 to 0·6], p=0·019). INTERPRETATION It is encouraging that walking for transport remained high in the TransMiCable intervention area when the use of private motorised transport had increased elsewhere in Bogotá. In low-income urban areas, where transport-related walking is a necessity, transport interventions should be focused on efforts to maintain participation in active travel while improving conditions under which it occurs. FUNDING Wellcome Trust (as part of the Urban Health in Latin America project); Bogotá Urban Planning Department; Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation of Colombia; Universidad de Los Andes; Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá; and Universidad del Norte. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gary O'Donovan
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; BrainLat, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Instituto Masira, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Maria A Wilches-Mogollon
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Julian Arellana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Luis A Guzmán
- Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Goro Yamada
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel A Rodriguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning and Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ana V Diez-Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Baquero S, Montes F, Stankov I, Sarmiento OL, Medina P, Slesinski SC, Diez-Canseco F, Kroker-Lobos MF, Caiaffa WT, Vives A, Alazraqui M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Roux AVD. Assessing cohesion and diversity in the collaboration network of the SALURBAL project. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7590. [PMID: 37165002 PMCID: PMC10172186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The SALURBAL (Urban Health in Latin America) Project is an interdisciplinary multinational network aimed at generating and disseminating actionable evidence on the drivers of health in cities of Latin America. We conducted a temporal multilayer network analysis where we measured cohesion over time using network structural properties and assessed diversity within and between different project activities according to participant attributes. Between 2017 and 2020 the SALURBAL network comprised 395 participants across 26 countries, 23 disciplines, and 181 institutions. While the cohesion of the SALURBAL network fluctuated over time, overall, an increase was observed from the first to the last time point of our analysis (clustering coefficient increased [0.83-0.91] and shortest path decreased [1.70-1.68]). SALURBAL also exhibited balanced overall diversity within project activities (0.5-0.6) by designing activities for different purposes such as capacity building, team-building, research, and dissemination. The network's growth was facilitated by the creation of new diverse collaborations across a range of activities over time, while maintaining the diversity of existing collaborations (0.69-0.75 between activity diversity depending on the attribute). The SALURBAL experience can serve as an example for multinational research projects aiming to build cohesive networks while leveraging heterogeneity in countries, disciplines, career stage, and across sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Baquero
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Crr 1 Este No.19ª-40 Piso 8, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Crr 1 Este No.19ª-40 Piso 8, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5000, Australia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Medina
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Crr 1 Este No.19ª-40 Piso 8, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - S Claire Slesinski
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Francisco Diez-Canseco
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, 15074, Peru
| | - Maria F Kroker-Lobos
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, 01011, Guatemala
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte (OSUBH), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Alejandra Vives
- Department of Public Health, CEDEUS, Universidad Católica de Chile, 8330077, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcio Alazraqui
- Institute of Collective Health, National University of Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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de Lima Friche AA, Silva UM, Bilal U, Sarmiento OL, de Salles Dias MA, Prado-Galbarro FJ, Briceño-León R, Alazraqui M, Diez-Roux AV, Caiaffa WT. Variation in youth and young adult homicide rates and their association with city characteristics in Latin America: the SALURBAL study. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 20:100476. [PMID: 36970493 PMCID: PMC10033737 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is one of the most urbanized and violent regions worldwide. Homicides in youth (15-24 years old, yo) and young adults (25-39yo) are an especially pressing public health problem. Yet there is little research on how city characteristics relate to homicide rates in youth and young adults. We aimed to describe homicide rates among youth and young adults, as well as their association with socioeconomic and built environment factors across 315 cities in eight LAC countries. METHODS This is an ecological study. We estimated homicide rates in youth and young adults for the period 2010-2016. We investigated associations of homicide rates with sub-city education and GDP, Gini, density, landscape isolation, population and population growth using sex-stratified negative binomial models with city and sub-city level random intercepts, and country-level fixed effects. FINDINGS The mean sub-city homicide rate per 100,000 in persons aged 15-24 was 76.9 (SD = 95.9) in male and 6.7 (SD = 8.5) in female, and in persons aged 25-39 was 69.4 (SD = 68.9) in male and 6.0 (SD = 6.7) in female. Rates were higher in Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and El Salvador than in Argentina, Chile, Panama and Peru. There was significant variation in rates across cities and sub-cities, even after accounting for the country. In fully adjusted models, higher sub-city education scores and higher city GDP were associated with a lower homicide rate among male and female (rate ratios (RR) per SD higher value in male and female, respectively, 0.87 (CI 0.84-0.90) and 0.90 (CI 0.86-0.93) for education and 0.87 (CI 0.81-0.92) and 0.92 (CI 0.87-0.97) for GDP). A higher city Gini index was associated with higher homicide rates (RR 1.28 (CI 1.10-1.48) and 1.21 (CI 1.07-1.36) in male and female, respectively). Greater isolation da was also associated with higher homicide rates (RR 1.13 (CI 1.07-1.21) and 1.07 (CI 1.02-1.12) in male and female, respectively). INTERPRETATION City and sub-city factors are associated with homicide rates. Improvements to education, social conditions and inequality and physical integration of cities may contribute to the reduction of homicides in the region. FUNDING The Wellcome Trust [205177/Z/16/Z].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Augusta de Lima Friche
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Corresponding author. Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Alfredo Balena, 190, sala 730, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30190-100, Brazil.
| | - Uriel Moreira Silva
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Maria Angélica de Salles Dias
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francisco Javier Prado-Galbarro
- Population Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Department of Research, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Briceño-León
- Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil & Venezuelan Observatory of Violence, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Marcio Alazraqui
- Instituto de Salud Colectiva, Universidad Nacional de Lanús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana V. Diez-Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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9
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Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Adlakha D, Sarmiento OL, Reis RS. When Moving Is the Only Option: The Role of Necessity Versus Choice for Understanding and Promoting Physical Activity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Annu Rev Public Health 2023; 44:151-169. [PMID: 36525957 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-071321-042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Given its origins in high-income countries, the field of physical activity and public health research and promotion has broadly followed a choice-based model. However, a substantial amount of the physical activity occurring routinely in many settings, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), is the result of economic necessity and is not due to true, free choices. We propose the “necessity- versus choice-based physical activity models” framework as a conceptual tool to ground physical activity and public health research and promotion efforts in LMICs, helping ensure that these efforts are relevant, ethical, responsive, and respectful to local contexts. Identifying ways to ensure that LMIC populations can maintain high levels of active transport while increasing opportunities for active leisure must be prioritized. To promote equity, physical activity research, programs, and policies in LMICs must focus on improving the conditions under which necessity-driven physical activity occurs for a vast majority of the population. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 44 is April 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Salvo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, College of Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- People, Health and Place Unit, Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Health and Nutrition Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Natural Learning Initiative, College of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo S. Reis
- People, Health and Place Unit, Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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10
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Morales-Betancourt R, Wilches-Mogollon MA, Sarmiento OL, Mendez Molano D, Angulo D, Filigrana P, Arellana J, Guzman LA, Garzon G, Gouveia N, Levy P, Diez-Roux AV. Commuter's personal exposure to air pollutants after the implementation of a cable car for public transport: Results of the natural experiment TrUST. Sci Total Environ 2023; 865:160880. [PMID: 36516922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Commuters in urban settlements are frequently exposed to high concentrations of air pollutants due to their proximity to mobile sources, making exposure to traffic-related air pollutants an important public health issue. Recent trends in urban transport towards zero- and low-tailpipe emission alternatives will likely result in decreased exposure to air pollutants. The TrUST (Urban transformations and health) study offers a unique opportunity to understand the impacts of a new cable car (TransMiCable) in underserved communities within Bogotá, Colombia. The aims of this study are to assess the personal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5), equivalent Black Carbon (eBC), and Carbon Monoxide (CO) in transport micro-environments and to estimate the inhaled dose per trip during mandatory multimodal trips before and after the implementation of the TransMiCable. We collected personal exposure data for Bus-Rapid-Transit (BRT) feeder buses, regular buses, informal transport, pedestrians, and TransMiCable. TransMiCable showed lower exposure concentration compared to BRT feeder and regular buses (PM2.5: 23.6 vs. 87.0 μg m-3 (P ≤ 0.001) and eBC: 5.2 vs. 28.2 μg m-3 (P ≤ 0.001), respectively). The mean concentration of PM2.5 and eBC inside the TransMiCable cabins were 62 % and 82 % lower than the mean concentrations in buses. Furthermore, using a Monte Carlo simulation model, we found that including the TransMiCable as a feeder is related to a 54.4 μg/trip reduction in PM2.5 inhaled dose and 35.8 μg/trip in eBC per trip. Those changes represent a 27 % and 34 % reduction in an inhaled dose per trip, respectively. Our results show that PM2.5, eBC, and CO inhaled dose for TransMiCable users is reduced due to lower exposure concentration inside its cabins and shorter travel time. The implementation of a cable car in Bogotá is likely to reduce air pollution exposure in transport micro-environments used by vulnerable populations living in semi-informal settlements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Morales-Betancourt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Maria A Wilches-Mogollon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Mendez Molano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Unidad de Ingenieria Ambiental, Cra. 1 #No. 60-00, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Angulo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Filigrana
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Arellana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Luis A Guzman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriela Garzon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Levy
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana V Diez-Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Rubio MA, Mejía-Arbeláez CM, Wilches-Mogollon MA, Moreno S, Finck C, Rosas LG, Romero SA, Guevara P, Cabas S, Rubiano O, Flórez-Pregonero A, León JG, Alarcón LF, Haile R, Sarmiento OL, King AC. "My Body, My Rhythm, My Voice": a community dance pilot intervention engaging breast cancer survivors in physical activity in a middle-income country. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2023; 9:30. [PMID: 36855214 PMCID: PMC9971676 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-023-01253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to promote physical activity among women breast cancer survivors (BCS) in low- to middle-income countries are limited. We assessed the acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of a theory-driven, group-based dance intervention for BCS delivered in Bogotá, Colombia. METHODS We conducted a quasi-experimental study employing a mixed-methods approach to assess the 8-week, 3 times/week group dance intervention. The effect of the intervention on participants' physical activity levels (measured by accelerometry), motivation to engage in physical activity, and quality of life were evaluated using generalized estimating equation analysis. The qualitative method included semi-structured interviews thematically analyzed to evaluate program acceptability. RESULTS Sixty-four BCS were allocated to the intervention (n = 31) or the control groups (n = 33). In the intervention arm, 84% attended ≥ 60% of sessions. We found increases on average minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day (intervention: +8.99 vs control: -3.7 min), and in ratings of motivation (intervention change score = 0.45, vs. control change score= -0.05). BCS reported improvements in perceived behavioral capabilities to be active, captured through the interviews. CONCLUSIONS The high attendance, behavioral changes, and successful delivery indicate the potential effectiveness, feasibility, and scalability of the intervention for BCS in Colombia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov NCT05252780, registered on Dec 7th, 2021-retrospectively registered unique protocol ID: P20CA217199-9492018.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Rubio
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos M. Mejía-Arbeláez
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria A. Wilches-Mogollon
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio Moreno
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolyn Finck
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lisa G. Rosas
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Sol A. Romero
- grid.442177.30000 0004 0486 1713Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Guevara
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Santiago Cabas
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Rubiano
- grid.442175.10000 0001 2106 7261Research Department, Universidad Libre, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alberto Flórez-Pregonero
- grid.41312.350000 0001 1033 6040School of Education, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José G. León
- Sports Medicine Service, Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Fernando Alarcón
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1, #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Abby C. King
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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12
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Montes F, Blanco M, Useche AF, Sanchez-Franco S, Caro C, Tong L, Li J, Zhou H, Murray JM, Sarmiento OL, Kee F, Hunter RF. Exploring the mechanistic pathways of how social network influences social norms in adolescent smoking prevention interventions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3017. [PMID: 36810585 PMCID: PMC9944961 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28161-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We know little about how smoking prevention interventions might leverage social network structures to enhance protective social norms. In this study we combined statistical and network science methods to explore how social networks influence social norms related to adolescent smoking in school-specific settings in Northern Ireland and Colombia. Pupils (12-15 years old) participated in two smoking prevention interventions in both countries (n = 1344). A Latent Transition Analysis identified three groups characterized by descriptive and injunctive norms towards smoking. We employed a Separable Temporal Random Graph Model to analyze homophily in social norms and conducted a descriptive analysis of the changes in the students' and their friends' social norms over time to account for social influence. The results showed that students were more likely to be friends with others who had social norms against smoking. However, students with social norms favorable towards smoking had more friends with similar views than the students with perceived norms against smoking, underlining the importance of network thresholds. Our results support the notation that the ASSIST intervention takes advantage of friendship networks to leverage greater change in the students' smoking social norms than the Dead Cool intervention, reiterating that social norms are subject to social influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Martha Blanco
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andres F. Useche
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sharon Sanchez-Franco
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Caro
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lei Tong
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jie Li
- grid.64938.300000 0000 9558 9911College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyu Zhou
- grid.9918.90000 0004 1936 8411School of Informatics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jennifer M. Murray
- grid.416232.00000 0004 0399 1866Centre for Public Health, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Block B, Queen’s University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Grosvenor Road, Belfast, BT12 6BA, 02890978955 UK
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Frank Kee
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ UK
| | - Ruth F. Hunter
- grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT12 6BJ UK
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13
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Anza-Ramirez C, Lazo M, Zafra-Tanaka JH, Avila-Palencia I, Bilal U, Hernández-Vásquez A, Knoll C, Lopez-Olmedo N, Mazariegos M, Moore K, Rodriguez DA, Sarmiento OL, Stern D, Tumas N, Miranda JJ. The urban built environment and adult BMI, obesity, and diabetes in Latin American cities. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7977. [PMID: 36581636 PMCID: PMC9800402 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Latin America is the world's most urbanized region and its heterogeneous urban development may impact chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the association of built environment characteristics at the sub-city -intersection density, greenness, and population density- and city-level -fragmentation and isolation- with body mass index (BMI), obesity, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data from 93,280 (BMI and obesity) and 122,211 individuals (T2D) was analysed across 10 countries. Living in areas with higher intersection density was positively associated with BMI and obesity, whereas living in more fragmented and greener areas were negatively associated. T2D was positively associated with intersection density, but negatively associated with greenness and population density. The rapid urban expansion experienced by Latin America provides unique insights and vastly expand opportunities for population-wide urban interventions aimed at reducing obesity and T2D burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Anza-Ramirez
- grid.11100.310000 0001 0673 9488CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mariana Lazo
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka
- grid.11100.310000 0001 0673 9488CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.4777.30000 0004 0374 7521Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland UK
| | - Usama Bilal
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA ,grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- grid.11100.310000 0001 0673 9488CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Carolyn Knoll
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Nancy Lopez-Olmedo
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764Center for Population and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mónica Mazariegos
- grid.418867.40000 0001 2181 0430INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Kari Moore
- grid.166341.70000 0001 2181 3113Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Daniel A. Rodriguez
- grid.47840.3f0000 0001 2181 7878Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Dalia Stern
- grid.415771.10000 0004 1773 4764CONACyT- Center for Population and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Natalia Tumas
- grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5612.00000 0001 2172 2676Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.10692.3c0000 0001 0115 2557Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- grid.11100.310000 0001 0673 9488CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru ,grid.11100.310000 0001 0673 9488School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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14
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Montes F, Guerra AM, Higuera-Mendieta D, De La Vega-Taboada E, King AC, Banchoff A, Maturana ACR, Sarmiento OL. Our Voice in a rural community: empowering Colombian adolescents to advocate for school community well-being through citizen science. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2411. [PMID: 36550541 PMCID: PMC9774066 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Santa Ana is home to an Afro-descendant rural population of the island of Barú in Cartagena, Colombia. While a popular area for tourism, Santa Ana's population is affected by multidimensional poverty, precarious work conditions, homelessness, broken streets and sewer systems, limited quality education, and a lack of recreation and sport spaces. While Santa Ana's Community Action Board aims to unify efforts and resources to solve these problems, the state's capacity to meet the requirements of the Board is limited. METHODS We evaluated the relationship between healthy lifestyles and characteristics of Santa Ana's school using the Our Voice Citizen Science Research Method. This systemic approach combines information and communication technologies with group facilitation to empower adolescents to: 1) collect and discuss data about factors in their local environments that facilitate or hinder well-being within their school community; 2) identify relevant local stakeholders who could help to address the issues identified; and 3) advocate collectively for local improvements to support increased well-being at a community level. RESULTS Eleven citizen scientists ages 13 to 17 years from the science club of Institución Educativa Santa Ana were recruited and together conducted 11 walks within the school to collect data about the facilitators and barriers to student well-being. They identified barriers to well-being related to school infrastructure, furniture, bathrooms, and sense of belonging. They then advocated with school stakeholders and reached agreements on concrete actions to address identified barriers, including fostering a culture among students of caring for school property and presenting their findings to the community action board. This methodology allowed the community to realize how students can become agents of change and take collective action when motivated by solution-oriented methodologies such as Our Voice. Project ripple effects, including greater empowerment and participation in collective actions by students, also were observed. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the importance of the school's built environment in the well-being of students in rural areas. The Our Voice method provided the opportunity to inform school-based interventions, and promoted ripple effects that expanded productive dialogue to the community level and generated systemic actions involving actors outside of the school community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Montes
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia ,grid.7247.60000000419370714Social and Health Complexity Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana María Guerra
- grid.7247.60000000419370714Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia ,grid.7247.60000000419370714Social and Health Complexity Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Higuera-Mendieta
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eduardo De La Vega-Taboada
- grid.65456.340000 0001 2110 1845Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL USA
| | - Abby C. King
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Medicine (Stanford Prevention Research Center), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Ann Banchoff
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | | | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- grid.7247.60000000419370714School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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15
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Delclòs-Alió X, Rodríguez DA, Olmedo NL, Ferrer CP, Moore K, Stern D, de Menezes MC, de Oliveira Cardoso L, Wang X, Guimaraes JM, Miranda JJ, Sarmiento OL. Is city-level travel time by car associated with individual obesity or diabetes in Latin American cities? Evidence from 178 cities in the SALURBAL project. Cities 2022; 131:103899. [PMID: 36277810 PMCID: PMC7613723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2022.103899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that longer travel time by private car poses physical and mental risks. Individual-level obesity and diabetes, two of the main public health challenges in low- and middle-income contexts, could be associated to city-level travel times by car. We used individual obesity and diabetes data from national health surveys from individuals in 178 Latin American cities, compiled and harmonized by the SALURBAL project. We calculated city-level travel times by car using the Google Maps Distance Matrix API. We estimated associations between peak hour city-level travel time by car and obesity and diabetes using multilevel logistic regression models, while adjusting for individual characteristics and other city-level covariates. In our study we did not observe a relationship between city-level peak-hour travel time by car and individual obesity and diabetes, as reported in previous research for individual time spent in vehicles in high-income settings. Our results suggest that this relationship may be more complex in Latin America compared to other settings, especially considering that cities in the region are characterized by high degrees of population density and compactness and by a higher prevalence of walking and public transportation use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Delclòs-Alió
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Research Group on Territorial Analysis and Tourism Studies (GRATET), Department of Geography, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Daniel A. Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning & Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, 228 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nancy López Olmedo
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, Avenida Universidad 655, 62100 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Carolina Pérez Ferrer
- CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cerrada de Fray Pedro de Gante 50, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kari Moore
- Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dalia Stern
- CONACyT-Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cerrada de Fray Pedro de Gante 50, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Carvalho de Menezes
- Department of Clinical and Social Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Letícia de Oliveira Cardoso
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National School of Public Health, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Xize Wang
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Dr, 117566, Singapore
| | - Joanna M.N. Guimaraes
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, National School of Public Health, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Armendariz 445, 15074 Lima, Peru
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
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16
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Tumas N, Rodríguez López S, Mazariegos M, Ortigoza A, Anza Ramírez C, Pérez Ferrer C, Moore K, Yamada G, Menezes MC, Sarmiento OL, Pericàs JM, Belvis Costes F, Lazo M, Benach J. Are Women's Empowerment and Income Inequality Associated with Excess Weight in Latin American Cities? J Urban Health 2022; 99:1091-1103. [PMID: 36357625 PMCID: PMC7613896 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-022-00689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
While income gradients and gender inequalities in excess weight have been noted elsewhere, data from Latin American cities is lacking. We analyzed gender-specific associations between city-level women's empowerment and income inequality with individual-level overweight/obesity, assessing how these associations vary by individual education or living conditions within cities in Latin America. Data came from national surveys and censuses, and was compiled by the SALURBAL project (Urban Health in Latin America). The sample included 79,422 individuals (58.0% women), living in 538 sub-cities, 187 cities, and 8 countries. We used gender-stratified Poisson multilevel models to estimate the Prevalence Rate Ratios (PRR) for overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) per a unit change in city-level women's empowerment (proxied by a score that measures gender inequalities in employment and education) and income inequality (proxied by income-based Gini coefficient). We also tested whether individual education or sub-city living conditions modified such associations. Higher city labor women's empowerment (in women) and higher city Gini coefficient (in men) were associated with a lower prevalence of overweight/obesity (PRR = 0.97 (95%CI 0.94, 0.99) and PRR = 0.94 (95%CI 0.90, 0.97), respectively). The associations varied by individual education and sub-city living conditions. For labor women's empowerment, we observed weakened associations towards the null effect in women with lower education and in residents of sub-cities with worse living conditions (men and women). For the Gini coefficient, the association was stronger among men with primary education, and a negative association was observed in women with primary education. Our findings highlight the need for promoting equity-based policies and interventions to tackle the high prevalence of excess weight in Latin American cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tumas
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Santiago Rodríguez López
- Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Cultura y Sociedad, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) y Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mónica Mazariegos
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases (CIIPEC), Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Ana Ortigoza
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Cecilia Anza Ramírez
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Goro Yamada
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - Juan M Pericàs
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d'Hebron Institute for Research, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Belvis Costes
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Joan Benach
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, Employment Conditions Knowledge Network (GREDS-EMCONET), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Johns Hopkins University - Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Ecological Humanities Research Group (GHECO), Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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17
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O’Donovan G, Lee IM, Hamer M, García-Garro P, Duran-Aniotz C, Ibáñez A, Sarmiento OL, Hessel P. The burden of mild cognitive impairment attributable to physical inactivity in Colombia. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 36348472 PMCID: PMC9643897 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-022-00307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mild cognitive impairment often precedes dementia. The purpose of this analysis was to estimate the population attributable fraction for physical activity in Colombia, which is the reduction in cases that would occur if all participants were physically active. Methods The sample included 20,174 men and women aged 70.04 ± 7.68 years (mean ± SD) from the National Survey of Health, Wellbeing and Ageing. Trained interviewers administered a shorter version of the mini-mental state examination and mild cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 12 or less out of 19. Logistic regression models were fitted and population attributable fractions for physical activity were calculated. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, height, education, income, civil status, smoking, and alcohol drinking. Results The prevalence of physical activity was approximately 50% when defined as walking between 9 and 20 blocks at least three times per week. Theoretically, 19% of cases of mild cognitive impairment would be eliminated if all adults were to walk (95% confidence interval: 16%, 22%). The prevalence was approximately 20% when defined as taking part in vigorous sport or exercise at least three times per week. Theoretically, 23% of cases of mild cognitive impairment would be eliminated if all adults were to take part in vigorous sport or exercise (16%, 30%). Similar results were observed after removing those who reported mental health problems. Conclusion Physical activity, whether walking or vigorous sport and exercise, has the potential to substantially reduce the burden of mild cognitive impairment in Colombia.
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18
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Avila-Palencia I, Sánchez BN, Rodríguez DA, Perez-Ferrer C, Miranda JJ, Gouveia N, Bilal U, Useche AF, Wilches-Mogollon MA, Moore K, Sarmiento OL, Diez Roux AV. Health and Environmental Co-Benefits of City Urban Form in Latin America: An Ecological Study. Sustainability 2022; 14:14715. [PMID: 36926000 PMCID: PMC7614319 DOI: 10.3390/su142214715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the association of urban landscape profiles with health and environmental outcomes, and whether those profiles are linked to environmental and health co-benefits. In this ecological study, we used data from 208 cities in 8 Latin American countries of the SALud URBana en América Latina (SALURBAL) project. Four urban landscape profiles were defined with metrics for the fragmentation, isolation, and shape of patches (contiguous area of urban development). Four environmental measures (lack of greenness, PM2.5, NO2, and carbon footprint), two cause-specific mortality rates (non-communicable diseases and unintentional injury mortality), and prevalence of three risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and obesity) for adults were used as the main outcomes. We used linear regression models to evaluate the association of urban landscape profiles with environmental and health outcomes. In addition, we used finite mixture modeling to create co-benefit classes. Cities with the scattered pixels profile (low fragmentation, high isolation, and compact shaped patches) were most likely to have positive co-benefits. Profiles described as proximate stones (moderate fragmentation, moderate isolation, and irregular shape) and proximate inkblots (moderate-high fragmentation, moderate isolation, and complex shape) were most likely to have negative co-benefits. The contiguous large inkblots profile (low fragmentation, low isolation, and complex shape) was most likely to have mixed benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ione Avila-Palencia
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Brisa N. Sánchez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel A. Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California—Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - J. Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15074, Peru
- School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrés F. Useche
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Maria A. Wilches-Mogollon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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19
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O’Donovan G, Sarmiento OL, Hessel P, Muniz-Terrera G, Duran-Aniotz C, Ibáñez A. Associations of body mass index and sarcopenia with screen-detected mild cognitive impairment in older adults in Colombia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1011967. [PMID: 36330135 PMCID: PMC9623159 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1011967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective More research is required to understand associations of body mass index (BMI) and sarcopenia with cognition, especially in Latin America. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of BMI and sarcopenia with mild cognitive impairment in Colombia. Design, setting, and participants Data were from the National Survey of Health, Wellbeing and Aging in Colombia (SABE Colombia, in Spanish). Community-dwelling adults aged 60 years or older were invited to participate. Methods Trained interviewers administered a shorter version of the mini-mental state examination and mild cognitive impairment was defined as a score of 12 or less out of 19. Body mass index was defined using standard cut-offs. Sarcopenia was defined as low grip strength or slow chair stands. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, sex, height, education, income, civil status, smoking, and alcohol drinking. Results The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 20% in 23,694 participants in SABE Colombia and 17% in 5,760 participants in the sub-sample in which sarcopenia was assessed. Overweight and obesity were associated with decreased risk of mild cognitive impairment and sarcopenia was associated with increased risk. Sarcopenia was a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in those with normal BMI (adjusted model included 4,911 men and women). Compared with those with normal BMI and without sarcopenia, the odds ratio for mild cognitive impairment was 1.84 in those with normal BMI and sarcopenia (95% confidence interval: 1.25, 2.71). Sarcopenia was also a risk factor in those with obesity but did not present a greater risk than sarcopenia alone. Compared with those with normal BMI and without sarcopenia, the odds ratio was 1.62 in those with obesity and sarcopenia (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.48). Sarcopenia was not a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment in those with overweight. Similar results were observed when reference values from Colombia were used to set cut-offs for grip strength. Similar results were also observed in cross-validation models, which suggests the results are robust. Conclusion This is the first study of the combined associations of sarcopenia and obesity with cognition in Colombia. The results suggest that sarcopenia is the major predictor of screen-detected mild cognitive impairment in older adults, not overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary O’Donovan
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Gary O’Donovan,
| | | | - Philipp Hessel
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Centre for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience (TCIN), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Castillo-Riquelme M, Yamada G, Diez Roux AV, Alfaro T, Flores-Alvarado S, Barrientos T, Teixeira Vaz C, Trotta A, Sarmiento OL, Lazo M. Aging and self-reported health in 114 Latin American cities: gender and socio-economic inequalities. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1499. [PMID: 35932016 PMCID: PMC9356475 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how urban environments influence people’s health, especially as individuals age, can help identify ways to improve health in the rapidly urbanizing and rapidly aging populations. Objectives To investigate the association between age and self-reported health (SRH) in adults living in Latin-American cities and whether gender and city-level socioeconomic characteristics modify this association. Methods Cross-sectional analyses of 71,541 adults aged 25–97 years, from 114 cities in 6 countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Chile, El Salvador, and Guatemala), as part of the Salud Urbana en America Latina (SALURBAL) Project. We used individual-level age, gender, education, and self-reported health (SRH) data from harmonized health surveys. As proxies for socioeconomic environment we used a city-level socioeconomic index (SEI) calculated from census data, and gross domestic product (GDP) per-capita. Multilevel Poisson models with a robust variance were used to estimate relative risks (RR), with individuals nested in cities and binary SRH (poor SHR vs. good SRH) as the outcome. We examined effect modification by gender and city-level socioeconomic indicators. Results Overall, 31.4% of the sample reported poor SRH. After adjusting for individual-level education, men had a lower risk of poor SRH (RR = 0.76; CI 0.73–0.78) compared to women, and gender modified the association between age and poor SRH (p-value of interaction < 0.001). In gender stratified models, the association between older age and poor SRH was more pronounced in men than in women, and in those aged 25–65 than among those 65+ (RR/10 years = 1.38 vs. 1.10 for men, and RR/10 years = 1.29 vs. 1.02 for women). Living in cities with higher SEI or higher GDP per-capita was associated with a lower risk of poor SRH. GDP per-capita modified the association between age (25–65) and SRH in men and women, with SEI the interaction was less clear. Conclusions Across cities in Latin America, aging impact on health is significant among middle-aged adults, and among men. In both genders, cities with lower SEI or lower GDP per-capita were associated with poor SRH. More research is needed to better understand gender inequalities and how city socioeconomic environments, represented by different indicators, modify exposures and vulnerabilities associated with aging. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13752-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Castillo-Riquelme
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Avenida Independencia, 939, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Goro Yamada
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tania Alfaro
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Avenida Independencia, 939, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Flores-Alvarado
- Doctoral Program in Public Health, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Avenida Independencia, 939, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Camila Teixeira Vaz
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Federal University of São João del-Rei, Divinópolis, Brazil
| | - Andrés Trotta
- Institute of Collective Health, National University of Lanus, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariana Lazo
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Community Health and Prevention, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Cerin E, Sallis JF, Salvo D, Hinckson E, Conway TL, Owen N, van Dyck D, Lowe M, Higgs C, Moudon AV, Adams MA, Cain KL, Christiansen LB, Davey R, Dygrýn J, Frank LD, Reis R, Sarmiento OL, Adlakha D, Boeing G, Liu S, Giles-Corti B. Determining thresholds for spatial urban design and transport features that support walking to create healthy and sustainable cities: findings from the IPEN Adult study. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e895-e906. [PMID: 35561724 PMCID: PMC9731787 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An essential characteristic of a healthy and sustainable city is a physically active population. Effective policies for healthy and sustainable cities require evidence-informed quantitative targets. We aimed to identify the minimum thresholds for urban design and transport features associated with two physical activity criteria: at least 80% probability of engaging in any walking for transport and WHO's target of at least 15% relative reduction in insufficient physical activity through walking. The International Physical Activity and the Environment Network Adult (known as IPEN) study (N=11 615; 14 cities across ten countries) provided data on local urban design and transport features linked to walking. Associations of these features with the probability of engaging in any walking for transport and sufficient physical activity (≥150 min/week) by walking were estimated, and thresholds associated with the physical activity criteria were determined. Curvilinear associations of population, street intersection, and public transport densities with walking were found. Neighbourhoods exceeding around 5700 people per km2, 100 intersections per km2, and 25 public transport stops per km2 were associated with meeting one or both physical activity criteria. Shorter distances to the nearest park were associated with more physical activity. We use the results to suggest specific target values for each feature as benchmarks for progression towards creating healthy and sustainable cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China,Correspondence to: Prof Ester Cerin, Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - James F Sallis
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica Hinckson
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Terry L Conway
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Neville Owen
- Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology and Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Delfien van Dyck
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melanie Lowe
- Melbourne Centre for Cities, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carl Higgs
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anne Vernez Moudon
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, Urban Form Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marc A Adams
- College of Health Solutions, Senior Global Futures Scientist, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Futures Laboratory, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kelli L Cain
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rachel Davey
- Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jan Dygrýn
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rodrigo Reis
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA,Graduate Program in Urban Management, Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine at Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Deepti Adlakha
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, Natural Learning Initiative, College of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Geoff Boeing
- Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Analysis, Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shiqin Liu
- School of Public Policy and Urban Affairs, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Billie Giles-Corti
- Healthy Liveable Cities Lab, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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22
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Rubio MA, Mosquera D, Blanco M, Montes F, Finck C, Duval M, Trillos C, Jaramillo AM, Rosas LG, King AC, Sarmiento OL. Cross-sector co-creation of a community-based physical activity program for breast cancer survivors in Colombia. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6646635. [PMID: 35853152 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits of physical activity (PA) in breast cancer survivors (BCS) are well established. However, programs to promote PA among BCS tailored to real-world contexts within low- to middle-income countries are limited. Cross-sector co-creation can be key to effective and scalable programs for BCS in these countries. This study aimed to evaluate the networking process to engage multisector stakeholders in the co-creation of a PA program for Colombian BCS called My Body. We employed a mixed-methods design including semistructured interviews, workshops and a social network analysis of centrality measures to assess stakeholders' engagement, resources and skills enabling the collaborative work, challenges, outcomes and lessons learned. The descriptive analysis and the centrality measures of the network revealed that 19 cross-sector stakeholders engaged in the My Body collaborative network. Through ongoing communication and cooperation, My Body built relationships between the academic lead institutions (local and international), and local and national public, private and academic institutions working in public health, sports and recreation, social sciences and engineering fields. The outcomes included the co-creation of the community-based PA program for BCS, its implementation through cross-sector synergies, increased relationships and communications among stakeholders, and successful dissemination of evidence and project results to the collaboration partners and other relevant stakeholders and community members. The mixed-methods assessment enabled understanding of ways to advance cross-sector co-creation of health promotion programs. The findings can help to enable continued development of sustainable cross-sector co-creation processes aimed at advancing PA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Rubio
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Mosquera
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martha Blanco
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carolyn Finck
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Martin Duval
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina Trillos
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana María Jaramillo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18ª-12, Bogotá, Colombia
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Escobar M, Jeanneret G, Bravo-Sánchez L, Castillo A, Gómez C, Valderrama D, Roa M, Martínez J, Madrid-Wolff J, Cepeda M, Guevara-Suarez M, Sarmiento OL, Medaglia AL, Forero-Shelton M, Velasco M, Pedraza JM, Laajaj R, Restrepo S, Arbelaez P. Smart pooling: AI-powered COVID-19 informative group testing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6519. [PMID: 35444162 PMCID: PMC9020431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive molecular testing for COVID-19 has been pointed out as fundamental to moderate the spread of the pandemic. Pooling methods can enhance testing efficiency, but they are viable only at low incidences of the disease. We propose Smart Pooling, a machine learning method that uses clinical and sociodemographic data from patients to increase the efficiency of informed Dorfman testing for COVID-19 by arranging samples into all-negative pools. To do this, we ran an automated method to train numerous machine learning models on a retrospective dataset from more than 8000 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 from April to July 2020 in Bogotá, Colombia. We estimated the efficiency gains of using the predictor to support Dorfman testing by simulating the outcome of tests. We also computed the attainable efficiency gains of non-adaptive pooling schemes mathematically. Moreover, we measured the false-negative error rates in detecting the ORF1ab and N genes of the virus in RT-qPCR dilutions. Finally, we presented the efficiency gains of using our proposed pooling scheme on proof-of-concept pooled tests. We believe Smart Pooling will be efficient for optimizing massive testing of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Escobar
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Guillaume Jeanneret
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Laura Bravo-Sánchez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Angela Castillo
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina Gómez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Diego Valderrama
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Mafe Roa
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julián Martínez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jorge Madrid-Wolff
- Laboratory of Applied Photonics Devices, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martha Cepeda
- School of Science, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcela Guevara-Suarez
- Applied Genomics Research Group, Vice Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés L Medaglia
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Mauricio Velasco
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan M Pedraza
- Department of Physics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rachid Laajaj
- School of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Applied Genomics Research Group, Vice Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Arbelaez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Rubio MA, Guevara-Aladino P, Urbano M, Cabas S, Mejia-Arbelaez C, Rodriguez Espinosa P, Rosas LG, King AC, Chazdon S, Sarmiento OL. Innovative participatory evaluation methodologies to assess and sustain multilevel impacts of two community-based physical activity programs for women in Colombia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:771. [PMID: 35428285 PMCID: PMC9012256 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Community-based physical activity (PA) programs are appealing to women in Latin America and show potential for improving women’s health. This study aimed to engage healthy middle-aged women, breast cancer survivors and local stakeholders participating in two publicly funded community-based PA programs in Bogotá, Colombia (Recreovía and My Body) to assess and visually map the perceived barriers, facilitators, and outcomes to promote programs’ improvement, scaling and sustainability. Methods We used two participatory action research methods, the 1) Our Voice citizen science method to capture data and drive local change in built and social environmental facilitators and barriers that influence women’s engagement in community-based PA; and 2) Ripple Effects Mapping to visually map the intended and unintended outcomes of PA programs. We used thematic analysis to classify the results at the individual, social, and community levels. Results The stakeholders engaged in the participatory evaluation included cross-sector actors from the programs (N = 6) and program users (total N = 34) from the two programs (Recreovía N = 16; My Body N = 18). Program users were women with a mean age of 55.7 years (SD = 8.03), 65% lived in low-income neighborhoods. They identified infrastructure as the main feature affecting PA, having both positive (e.g., appropriate facilities) and negative (e.g., poorly built areas for PA) effects. Regarding program improvements, stakeholders advocated for parks’ cleaning, safety, and appropriate use. The most highlighted outcomes were the expansion and strengthening of social bonds and the engagement in collective wellbeing, which leveraged some participants’ leadership skills for PA promotion strategies in their community. The facilitated dialogue among program users and stakeholders fostered the sustainability and expansion of the community-based PA programs, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The implementation of both participatory methodologies provided a multidimensional understanding of the programs’ impacts and multisectoral dialogues that fostered efforts to sustain the community-based PA programs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13180-2.
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González SA, Sarmiento OL, Florez-Pregonero A, Katzmarzyk PT, Chaput JP, Tremblay MS. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Excessive Recreational Screen Time Among Colombian Children and Adolescents. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604217. [PMID: 35283721 PMCID: PMC8904350 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Excessive recreational screen time (RST) is associated with detrimental effects for physical, psychological and cognitive development. This article aims to describe the prevalence of excessive RST among Colombian preschoolers, children and adolescents and explore its factors associated. Methods: We analyzed data from the National Survey of Nutrition 2015. The sample included 4,503 preschoolers, 5,333 school-aged children and 6,623 adolescents. Poisson regression models with robust variance were conducted to estimate prevalence ratios and determine associated factors of excessive RST. Results: Fifty percent of preschoolers, 61% of school-aged children and 73% of adolescents in Colombia had excessive RST. Positive associations were observed with the availability of TV in the child’s bedroom, the availability of video games at home, and eating while using screens. A negative association with rural area was observed for all age groups. Conclusion: The majority of Colombian children and adolescents have excessive RST. Younger preschoolers, older school-aged children, wealthiest children and those from urban areas should be targeted by interventions to decrease RST. These interventions should promote limiting the availability of electronic devices in children’s bedrooms and not eating in front of screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Silvia A. González,
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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26
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Quistberg DA, Hessel P, Rodriguez DA, Sarmiento OL, Bilal U, Caiaffa WT, Miranda JJ, de Pina MDF, Hernández-Vásquez A, Diez Roux AV. Urban landscape and street-design factors associated with road-traffic mortality in Latin America between 2010 and 2016 (SALURBAL): an ecological study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e122-e131. [PMID: 35150622 PMCID: PMC8850369 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road-traffic injuries are a key cause of death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries, but the effect of city characteristics on road-traffic mortality is unknown in these countries. The aim of this study was to determine associations between city-level built environment factors and road-traffic mortality in large Latin American cities. METHODS We selected cities from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, and Peru; cities included in the analysis had a population of at least 100 000 people. We extracted data for road-traffic deaths that occurred between 2010 and 2016 from country vital registries. Deaths were grouped by 5-year age groups and sex. Road-traffic deaths were identified using ICD-10 codes, with adjustments for ill-defined codes and incomplete registration. City-level measures included population, urban development, street design, public transportation, and social environment. Associations were estimated using multilevel negative binomial models with robust variances. FINDINGS 366 cities were included in the analysis. There were 328 408 road-traffic deaths in nearly 3·5 billion person-years across all countries, with an average crude rate of 17·1 deaths per 100 000 person-years. Nearly half of the people who died were younger than 35 years. In multivariable models, road-traffic mortality was higher in cities where urban development was more isolated (rate ratio [RR] 1·05 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 1·02-1·09), but lower in cities with higher population density (0·94, 0·90-0·98), higher gross domestic product per capita (0·96, 0·94-0·98), and higher intersection density (0·92, 0·89-0·95). Cities with mass transit had lower road mortality rates than did those without (0·92, 0·86-0·99). INTERPRETATION Urban development policies that reduce isolated and disconnected urban development and that promote walkable street networks and public transport could be important strategies to reduce road-traffic deaths in Latin America and elsewhere. FUNDING Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alex Quistberg
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Philipp Hessel
- Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Rodriguez
- City + Regional Planning and Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatório de Saúde Urbana em Belo Horizonte, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria de Fatima de Pina
- Instituto de Comunicação e Investigação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hess S, Lancsar E, Mariel P, Meyerhoff J, Song F, van den Broek-Altenburg E, Alaba OA, Amaris G, Arellana J, Basso LJ, Benson J, Bravo-Moncayo L, Chanel O, Choi S, Crastes dit Sourd R, Cybis HB, Dorner Z, Falco P, Garzón-Pérez L, Glass K, Guzman LA, Huang Z, Huynh E, Kim B, Konstantinus A, Konstantinus I, Larranaga AM, Longo A, Loo BP, Moyo HT, Oehlmann M, O'Neill V, de Dios Ortúzar J, Sanz Sánchez MJ, Sarmiento OL, Tucker S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Webb E, Zhang J, Zuidgeest M. The path towards herd immunity: Predicting COVID-19 vaccination uptake through results from a stated choice study across six continents. Soc Sci Med 2022; 298:114800. [PMID: 35287066 PMCID: PMC8848547 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Guzman LA, Cantillo-Garcia VA, Arellana J, Sarmiento OL. User expectations and perceptions towards new public transport infrastructure: evaluating a cable car in Bogotá. Transportation (Amst) 2022; 50:751-771. [PMID: 35106013 PMCID: PMC8795283 DOI: 10.1007/s11116-021-10260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cable cars are a viable alternative to improve citizens' accessibility in zones with limitations on urban public transport supply due to the topography. In Latin America, such systems have recently been implemented in zones with high levels of poverty and vulnerability. Although the social implications of their implementation are relevant, individual expectations of these systems and how current changes in travel conditions and quality of life are perceived have not been widely reported in the literature. This paper aims to evaluate users' expectations and perceptions of a new cable car in the southern periphery of Bogotá (Colombia). We conducted a panel survey before (n = 341) and after (n = 301) the cable car started operations to evaluate the ranking of preferences toward a set of possible benefits of the project. We estimated discrete choice models to analyze the statistical differences between the expectations and perceptions before and after changes. Results suggest that travel time reductions, comfort improvements, and in-vehicle security are the benefits most valued by the users. Even though the project meets expectations of these aspects, it seems to fall short in expectations of reductions of pollution. Individuals' experience with the cable car shapes their perceptions of the system. We found that perceptions differ between those who have used the service at least once and those who never did. Policy implications derived from this study might be of interest to decision-makers seeking to guarantee the public acceptability of urban projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Guzman
- Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional, SUR, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Victor A. Cantillo-Garcia
- Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional, SUR, Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Arellana
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla, Colombia
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Kephart JL, Delclòs-Alió X, Rodríguez DA, Sarmiento OL, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Ramirez-Zea M, Quistberg DA, Bilal U, Diez Roux AV. The effect of population mobility on COVID-19 incidence in 314 Latin American cities: a longitudinal ecological study with mobile phone location data. Lancet Digit Health 2021; 3:e716-e722. [PMID: 34456179 PMCID: PMC8545654 DOI: 10.1016/s2589-7500(21)00174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the effect of changes in mobility at the subcity level on subsequent COVID-19 incidence, which is particularly relevant in Latin America, where substantial barriers prevent COVID-19 vaccine access and non-pharmaceutical interventions are essential to mitigation efforts. We aimed to examine the longitudinal associations between population mobility and COVID-19 incidence at the subcity level across a large number of Latin American cities. METHODS In this longitudinal ecological study, we compiled aggregated mobile phone location data, daily confirmed COVID-19 cases, and features of urban and social environments to analyse population mobility and COVID-19 incidence at the subcity level among cities with more than 100 000 inhabitants in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico, from March 2 to Aug 29, 2020. Spatially aggregated mobile phone data were provided by the UN Development Programme in Latin America and the Caribbean and Grandata; confirmed COVID-19 cases were from national government reports and population and socioeconomic factors were from the latest national census in each country. We used mixed-effects negative binomial regression for a time-series analysis, to examine longitudinal associations between weekly mobility changes from baseline (prepandemic week of March 2-9, 2020) and subsequent COVID-19 incidence (lagged by 1-6 weeks) at the subcity level, adjusting for urban environmental and socioeconomic factors (time-invariant educational attainment, residential overcrowding, population density [all at the subcity level], and country). FINDINGS We included 1031 subcity areas, representing 314 Latin American cities, in Argentina (107 subcity areas), Brazil (416), Colombia (82), Guatemala (20), and Mexico (406). In the main adjusted model, we observed an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 2·35 (95% CI 2·12-2·60) for COVID-19 incidence per log unit increase in the mobility ratio (vs baseline) during the previous week. Thus, 10% lower weekly mobility was associated with 8·6% (95% CI 7·6-9·6) lower incidence of COVID-19 in the following week. This association gradually weakened as the lag between mobility and COVID-19 incidence increased and was not different from null at a 6-week lag. INTERPRETATION Reduced population movement within a subcity area is associated with a subsequent decrease in COVID-19 incidence among residents of that subcity area. Policies that reduce population mobility at the subcity level might be an effective COVID-19 mitigation strategy, although they should be combined with strategies that mitigate any adverse social and economic consequences of reduced mobility for the most vulnerable groups. FUNDING Wellcome Trust. TRANSLATION For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah L Kephart
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Correspondence to: Dr Josiah L Kephart, Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Xavier Delclòs-Alió
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel A Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA,Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Manuel Ramirez-Zea
- INCAP Research Center for the Prevention of Chronic Diseases, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - D Alex Quistberg
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Usama Bilal
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sarmiento OL, Useche AF, Rodriguez DA, Dronova I, Guaje O, Montes F, Stankov I, Wilches MA, Bilal U, Wang X, Guzmán LA, Peña F, Quistberg DA, Guerra-Gomez JA, Diez Roux AV. Built environment profiles for Latin American urban settings: The SALURBAL study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257528. [PMID: 34699532 PMCID: PMC8547632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The built environment of cities is complex and influences social and environmental determinants of health. In this study we, 1) identified city profiles based on the built landscape and street design characteristics of cities in Latin America and 2) evaluated the associations of city profiles with social determinants of health and air pollution. Landscape and street design profiles of 370 cities were identified using finite mixture modeling. For landscape, we measured fragmentation, isolation, and shape. For street design, we measured street connectivity, street length, and directness. We fitted a two-level linear mixed model to assess the association of social and environmental determinants of health with the profiles. We identified four profiles for landscape and four for the street design domain. The most common landscape profile was the "proximate stones" characterized by moderate fragmentation, isolation and patch size, and irregular shape. The most common street design profile was the "semi-hyperbolic grid" characterized by moderate connectivity, street length, and directness. The "semi-hyperbolic grid", "spiderweb" and "hyperbolic grid" profiles were positively associated with higher access to piped water and less overcrowding. The "semi-hyperbolic grid" and "spiderweb" profiles were associated with higher air pollution. The "proximate stones" and "proximate inkblots" profiles were associated with higher congestion. In conclusion, there is substantial heterogeneity in the urban landscape and street design profiles of Latin American cities. While we did not find a specific built environment profile that was consistently associated with lower air pollution and better social conditions, the different configurations of the built environments of cities should be considered when planning healthy and sustainable cities in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés F. Useche
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel A. Rodriguez
- College of Environmental Design and Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Iryna Dronova
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Oscar Guaje
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ivana Stankov
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Maria Alejandra Wilches
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Usama Bilal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Xize Wang
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Luis A. Guzmán
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Fabian Peña
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - D. Alex Quistberg
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - John A. Guerra-Gomez
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Khoury School of Computer Science, Northeastern University, San Jose, CA, United States of America
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. [El entorno construido en los programas diseñados para promover la actividad física entre las niñas, niños y jóvenes latinos que viven en Estados Unidos y América Latina]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13345. [PMID: 34708530 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, EE. UU
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brasil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Reino Unido
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Departamento de Educación Física, Deportes y Recreación, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, San Luis, Misuri, EE. UU.,Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Departamento de Actividad Física y Estilos de Vida Saludables, Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, EE. UU
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, EE. UU
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32
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Ju Y, Moran M, Wang X, Avila-Palencia I, Cortinez-O’Ryan A, Moore K, Slovic AD, Sarmiento OL, Gouveia N, Caiaffa WT, Aguilar GAS, Sales DM, De Pina MDFRP, Coelho DM, Dronova I. Latin American cities with higher socioeconomic status are greening from a lower baseline: evidence from the SALURBAL project. Environ Res Lett 2021; 16:104052. [PMID: 34691242 PMCID: PMC8524204 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac2a63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of urban green space have context-dependent associations with socioeconomic status (SES). Latin American cities provide a unique but understudied context to assess the green space-SES associations. We measured the quantity and quality of green space as greenness from satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, and we modeled the relationship between greenness and SES in 371 major Latin American cities between 2000 and 2010. We found that SES was negatively associated with average greenness at city and sub-city scales, which could be explained by urbanization generally improving SES while reducing the provision of green space. About 82% of the cities and 64% of the sub-cities experienced greening or increases in greenness over time. Although with lower average greenness, cities with higher SES had greater greening; however, it was the opposite for sub-cities. We suggest that greening is more likely to take place in peripheral sub-cities where SES tends to be lower. The findings challenge the belief that places with higher SES have better access to environmental resources and amenities; instead, this relationship is context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ju
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Mika Moran
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Xize Wang
- Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ione Avila-Palencia
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrea Cortinez-O’Ryan
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Escuela de kinesiología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kari Moore
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Anne Dorothée Slovic
- Environmental Health Department, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nelson Gouveia
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Marques Sales
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Moraes Coelho
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Iryna Dronova
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Department of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
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Pérez-Escamilla R, Vilar-Compte M, Rhodes E, Sarmiento OL, Corvalan C, Sturke R, Vorkoper S. [Implementación de políticas de prevención y control de la obesidad infantil en Estados Unidos y Latinoamérica: lecciones para la investigación y la práctica transfronterizas]. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 5:e13347. [PMID: 34708536 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, EE. UU
| | - Mireya Vilar-Compte
- Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo con Equidad (EQUIDE), Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Rhodes
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, EE. UU.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, EE. UU
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camila Corvalan
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rachel Sturke
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, EE. UU
| | - Susan Vorkoper
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, EE. UU
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34
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Stankov I, Useche AF, Meisel JD, Montes F, Morais LMO, Friche AAL, Langellier BA, Hovmand P, Sarmiento OL, Hammond RA, Diez Roux AV. Using cause-effect graphs to elicit expert knowledge for cross-impact balance analysis. MethodsX 2021; 8:101492. [PMID: 34557387 PMCID: PMC7611690 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2021.101492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cross-impact balance (CIB) analysis leverages expert knowledge pertaining to the nature and strength of relationships between components of a system to identify the most plausible future ‘scenarios’ of the system. These scenarios, also referred to as ‘storylines’, provide qualitative insights into how the state of one factor can either promote or restrict the future state of one or multiple other factors in the system. This paper presents a novel, visually oriented questionnaire developed to elicit expert knowledge about the relationships between key factors in a system, for the purpose of CIB analysis. The questionnaire requires experts to make selections from a series of standardized cause-effect graphical profiles that depict a range of linear and non-linear relationships between factor pairs. The questionnaire and the process of translating the graphical selections into data that can be used for CIB analysis is described using an applied example which focuses on urban health in Latin American cities.A questionnaire featuring a set of standardized cause-effect profiles was developed. Cause-effect profiles were used to elicit information about the strength of linear and non-linear bivariate relationships. The questionnaire represents an intuitive visual means for collecting data required for the conduct of CIB analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Andres F. Useche
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jose D. Meisel
- Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730001, Colombia
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lidia MO. Morais
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Amelia AL. Friche
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Brent A. Langellier
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3215 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter Hovmand
- Center for Community Health Integration, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ross A. Hammond
- Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 36130, USA
- Center on Social Dynamics and Policy, The Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
| | - Ana V. Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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35
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Martínez L, Valencia I, Trofimoff V, Vidal N, Robles E, Duque JC, Sarmiento OL, Tuiran A. Quality of life, health, and government perception during COVID-19 times: Data from Colombia. Data Brief 2021; 37:107268. [PMID: 34401414 PMCID: PMC8355838 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This analysis presents data collected through an online survey about the quality of life, health, subjective wellbeing, and government perception in four cities in Colombia during the COVID-19 crisis. Four universities and a local newspaper promoted the survey to assess how the pandemic affected the population's quality of life in a broad range of social and economic aspects. Respondents were adults (+18 years old) living in the largest Colombia cities: Bogotá, Medellín, Cali, and Barranquilla, totaling 1637 complete observations. Researchers used snowballing sampling strategy, social networks, a web page, and an advertisement in the partner newspaper for data collection. This data set helps to conduct social research and policy reports about the consequences of the pandemic. The data enclosed in this paper includes socioeconomic variables, income reduction, employment, household composition, teleworking, indebtedness, physical and mental health, physical activity behavior, subjective wellbeing, affective and communal relationships, institutional trust, and perception of government performance during COVID-19. We aim at contributing to a better understating of the consequences of the pandemic in Colombia and general in the Global South through the collection and dissemination of data for academic and policy purposes.
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36
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Rubio MA, Triana C, King AC, Rosas LG, Banchoff AW, Rubiano O, Chrisinger BW, Sarmiento OL. Engaging citizen scientists to build healthy park environments in Colombia. Health Promot Int 2021; 36:223-234. [PMID: 32361761 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daaa031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colombia's Recreovía program offers community-based free physical activity (PA) classes in parks. We evaluated built and social environmental factors influencing Recreovía local park environments, and facilitated a consensus-building and advocacy process among community members, policymakers and academic researchers aimed at improving uptake and impact of the Recreovía program. We used a mixed-methods approach, with individual and contextual PA measurements and a resident-enabled participatory approach (the Our Voice citizen science engagement model). Recreovía participants were likely to be women meeting PA recommendations, and highly satisfied with the Recreovía classes. Reported facilitators of the Recreovía included its role in enhancing social and individual well-being through PA classes. Reported barriers to usage were related to park maintenance, cleanliness and safety. The Our Voice process elicited community reflection, empowerment, advocacy and action. Our Voice facilitated the interplay among stakeholders and community members to optimize the Recreovía program as a facilitator of active living, and to make park environments more welcoming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camilo Triana
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 n°18ª-12 Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lisa G Rosas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ann W Banchoff
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar Rubiano
- Recreovía Program Coordination, Institute of Recreation and Sports, Calle 63 n°59A-0, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Benjamin W Chrisinger
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 2ER, UK
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 n°18ª-12 Bogotá, Colombia
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37
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Sarmiento OL, Rubio MA, King AC, Serrano N, Hino AAF, Hunter RF, Aguilar-Farias N, Parra DC, Salvo D, Jáuregui A, Lee RE, Kohl B. Built environment in programs to promote physical activity among Latino children and youth living in the United States and in Latin America. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13236. [PMID: 33825294 PMCID: PMC8365655 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To prevent obesity among Latino youth in the United States and Latin America, it is necessary to understand the specific context and interplay of physical activity (PA) and the built environment (BE). This paper aims to advance the research agenda of BE and PA for obesity prevention in Latin America and among Latino youth in the United States by (1) identifying environmental indicators to inform the design of interventions and policy, (2) identifying interdisciplinary methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and (3) presenting case studies of PA-promoting BE programs. A group of U.S. and Latin American scientists collaboratively worked to propose innovative indicators of the BE, methodological approaches for the study of the complex association between BE and PA, and review case studies of PA-promoting BE programs in both regions. The results identified gaps in knowledge, proposed environmental indicators (e.g., landscape, street design, mobility patterns, and crime and safety), reviewed methodological approaches (social network analysis, citizen science methods), and case studies illustrating PA-promoting BE programs (i.e., play streets, active school transport, and school setting interventions). The obesity prevention among Latino and Latin American youth requires advanced research on BE and PA addressing context-specific priorities and exchanging lessons learned.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abby C King
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Natalicio Serrano
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Adriano Akira F Hino
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Nicolas Aguilar-Farias
- Department of Physical Education, Sports and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Diana C Parra
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis Scholar Institute of Public Health, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Jáuregui
- Department of Physical Activity and Healthy Lifestyles, Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rebecca E Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Bill Kohl
- School of Public Health in Austin Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences Michael and Susan Dell Center for Advancement of Health Living, Austin, Texas, USA
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38
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Higuera-Mendieta D, Uriza PA, Cabrales SA, Medaglia AL, Guzman LA, Sarmiento OL. Is the built-environment at origin, on route, and at destination associated with bicycle commuting? A gender-informed approach. J Transp Geogr 2021; 94:None. [PMID: 34305337 PMCID: PMC8283281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2021.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
There is limited evidence on the gender differences and location-specific built-environment factors associated with bicycling in Latin American cities. This study aimed to assess commuting in Bogotá by (1) analyzing the gender-specific trend of the standardized number of bicycle commuters during 2005-2017; and (2) assessing the socio-demographic, community, built-environment and natural factors associated with bicycle commuting stratified by gender. This secondary-data analysis included data from the Household Travel Surveys and Multipurpose Surveys to calculate the number of bicycle commuters per habitant from 2005 to 2017 by gender. We assessed the socio-demographic and built-environment factors fitting generalized additive models stratified by gender using the 2015 Household Travel Survey. Although both women and men increased the standardized number of bicycle commuters, male commuters show a steeper trend than women, evidencing the widening gender gap in bicycle commuting over time. Bicycle commuting was negatively associated with household motor vehicle ownership, steeper terrain slope, longer commute distance, and scarce low-stress roads at trip origin and route. Among women, the availability of bike paths at the trip destination was positively associated with bicycling, while age and being a student were negatively associated with bicycling. Among men, living in areas with the lowest socio-economic status was positively associated with bicycling, while having a driver's license and living close to bus rapid transit stations were negatively associated with bicycling. In conclusion, bicycle and transport infrastructure play different roles in commuting by bicycle by gender and trip stages (origin - route - destination).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Andrés Uriza
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Center for Optimization and Applied Probability, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Industrial Engineering Program, School of Exact Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sergio A. Cabrales
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Center for Optimization and Applied Probability, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés L. Medaglia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Center for Optimization and Applied Probability, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Guzman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Grupo de Estudios en Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional – SUR, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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39
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Pérez-Escamilla R, Vilar-Compte M, Rhodes E, Sarmiento OL, Corvalan C, Sturke R, Vorkoper S. Implementation of childhood obesity prevention and control policies in the United States and Latin America: Lessons for cross-border research and practice. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 3:e13247. [PMID: 33951275 PMCID: PMC8365637 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progress has been made in the development and widespread implementation of effective interventions to address childhood obesity, yet important challenges remain. To understand how the United States and Latin American countries achieved success in implementing obesity policies and programs (PAPs) and identify improvement opportunities using implementation science principles. We identified three comparative case studies: (1) front-of-food package labeling (Mexico and Chile); (2) Open Streets/play streets (Colombia and the United States); and (3) the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (Brazil and the United States). Information from multiple sources (e.g., scientific and gray literature and key informant interviews) was synthesized to describe barriers, facilitators, and progress of PAPs across RE-AIM framework dimensions. Evidence-based advocacy along with political will and evidence of scalability and impact were key for successful launch and implementation of all PAPs. Diverse adaptations of PAP design and implementation had to be done across contexts. Stronger process and impact monitoring and evaluation systems that track equity indicators are needed to maximize the population benefits of these PAPs. Implementation science offers an important contribution toward addressing knowledge gaps, enhancing obesity policy dialogue, and producing transferable lessons across the Americas and, therefore, should be used for research and evaluation during PAP development and throughout the implementation and maintenance phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pérez-Escamilla
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mireya Vilar-Compte
- EQUIDE Research Institute for Equitable Development, Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Rhodes
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Camila Corvalan
- Institute of Nutrition, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rachel Sturke
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susan Vorkoper
- Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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40
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Sánchez-Franco S, Arias LF, Jaramillo J, Murray JM, Hunter RF, Llorente B, Bauld L, Good S, West J, Kee F, Sarmiento OL. Cultural adaptation of two school-based smoking prevention programs in Bogotá, Colombia. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1567-1578. [PMID: 33899915 PMCID: PMC8499713 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking prevention among adolescents is a public health challenge that is even more significant in low- and middle-income countries where local evidence is limited and smoking rates remain high. Evidence-based interventions could be transferred to low- and middle-income country settings but only after appropriate cultural adaptation. This paper aims to describe the process of the cultural adaptation of two school-based smoking prevention interventions, A Stop Smoking in Schools Trial and Dead Cool, to be implemented in Bogotá, Colombia. A recognized heuristic framework guided the cultural adaptation through five stages. We conducted a concurrent nested mixed-methods study consisting of a qualitative descriptive case study and a quantitative pre- and post quasi-experiment without a control. Contextual, content, training, and implementation modifications were made to the programs to address cultural factors, to maintain the fidelity of implementation, and to increase the pupils' engagement with the programs. Modifications incorporated the suggestions of stakeholders, the original developers, and local community members, whilst considering the feasibility of delivering the programs. Involving stakeholders, original program developers, and community members in the cultural adaptation of evidence-based interventions is essential to properly adapt them to the local context, and to maintain the fidelity of program implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sánchez-Franco
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Fernando Arias
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Joaquin Jaramillo
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jennifer M Murray
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ruth F Hunter
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Linda Bauld
- The Usher Institute and SPECTRUM Consortium, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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41
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González SA, Rubio MA, Triana CA, King AC, Banchoff AW, Sarmiento OL. Building healthy schools through technology-enabled citizen science: The case of the our voice participatory action model in schools from Bogotá, Colombia. Glob Public Health 2021; 17:403-419. [DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2020.1869285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Maria A. Rubio
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Abby C. King
- Epidemiology & Population Health Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ann W. Banchoff
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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42
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Malagon-Rojas JN, Pinzón-Silva DC, Parra EL, Lagos M LF, Toloza-Perez YG, Hernández Florez LJ, Morales Betancourt R, Romero SA, Ríos Cabra AP, Sarmiento OL. Assessment of personal exposure to particulate air pollution in different microenvironments and traveling by several modes of transportation in Bogotá, Colombia: protocol for a mixed-methods study. (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 11:e25690. [PMID: 35099404 PMCID: PMC8845014 DOI: 10.2196/25690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Air pollution in most countries exceeds the levels recommended by the World Health Organization, causing up to one-third of deaths due to noncommunicable diseases. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) from mobile sources are the main contaminants. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the relationship of exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5 and BC) in microenvironments according to respiratory health and physical activity in users traveling by different types of transportation in Bogotá, Colombia. Methods A mixed methods study based on a convergent parallel design will be performed with workers and students. The sample will include 350 healthy transport users traveling by different urban transportation modes in three main routes in Bogotá. The study is broken down into two components: (1) a descriptive qualitative component focused on assessing the individual perception of air pollution using semistructured interviews; and (2) a cross-sectional study measuring the individual exposure to PM2.5 and BC using portable instruments (DustTrak and microAeth, respectively), pulmonary function by spirometry, and physical activity with accelerometry. The analysis will include concurrent triangulation and logistic regression. Results The findings will be useful for the conception, design, and decision-making process in the sectors of health and mobility from public, academy, and private perspectives. This study includes personal measurements of PM2.5 and BC during typical trips in the city to assess the exposure to these contaminants in the major roadways in real time. The study further compares the performance of two different lung tests to identify possible short-term respiratory effects. As a limitation, the protocol will include participants from different institutions in the city, which are not necessarily representative of all healthy populations in Bogotá. In this sense, it is not possible to draw causation conclusions. Moreover, a convergent parallel design could be especially problematic concerning integration because such a design often lacks a clear plan for making a connection between the two sets of results, which may not be well connected. Nevertheless, this study adopts a procedure for how to integrate qualitative and quantitative data in the interpretation of the results and a multilevel regression. The time that participants must live in the city will be considered; this will be controlled in the stratified analysis. Another limitation is the wide age range and working status of the participants. Regional pollution levels and episodes (PM2.5) will be handled as confounding variables. The study is currently in the enrollment phase of the participants. Measurements have been made on 300 participants. Pandemic conditions affected the study schedule; however, the results are likely to be obtained by late 2022. Conclusions This study investigates the exposure to air pollutants in microenvironments in Bogotá, Colombia. To our knowledge, this is the first mixed methods study focusing on PM2.5, BC, and respiratory health effects in a city over 2 meters above sea level. This study will provide an integration of air pollution exposure variables and respiratory health effects in different microenvironments. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/25690
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeadran N Malagon-Rojas
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eliana L Parra
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luisa F Lagos M
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yesith Guillermo Toloza-Perez
- Grupo de Salud Ambiental y Laboral, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia
- Maestría en Epidemiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Jorge Hernández Florez
- Grupo de Investigación Salud Pública, Educación y Profesionalismo, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sol Angie Romero
- Grupo de Cuidado Cardiorrespiratorio, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ana Paola Ríos Cabra
- Grupo de Cuidado Cardiorrespiratorio, Universidad Manuela Beltrán, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Grupo de Epidemiología EPIANDES, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Mora-Ochoa H, Sarmiento OL, González SA, Alvarado-Segovia A, Arango M, Forero Y. Niveles de actividad física y adiposidad en adultos de hogares colombianos con inseguridad alimentaria. Medicina (B Aires) 2020. [DOI: 10.56050/01205498.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: La promoción de hábitos saludables y la reducción de la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional (INSAN) son metas de políticas públicas nacionales en Colombia. Sin embargo, estudios que evalúen los niveles de actividad física e indicadores de adiposidad en hogares con INSAN son limitados.
Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física e indicadores de adiposidad en relación con la inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional (INSAN) y con la participación de miembros del hogar en programas sociales de ayuda alimentaria, en la población adulta colombiana.
Métodos: Se utilizaron encuestas nacionales de Colombia, ENSIN y ENDS 2010, y se estimaron razones de prevalencia a partir de modelos de regresión binomial negativa.
Resultados: Los adultos de hogares con INSAN presentaron mayor cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física montando en bicicleta y caminando como medios de transporte (PR=1,23; IC95% 1,03-1,47; PR=1,10; IC95% 1,03-1,17), y los adultos de hogares con beneficiarios de programas de ayuda alimentaria presentaron un mayor cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad al montar en bicicleta como medio de transporte (PR=1,33; IC95% 1,10-1,62). Los adultos de hogares con INSAN presentaron menor sobrepeso (PR=0,92; IC95% 0,86-0,97) y menor obesidad abdominal (PR=0,94; IC95% 0,90-0,98).
Conclusiones: El estudio identificó los niveles del cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física y los niveles de adiposidad entre adultos pertenecientes a hogares con inseguridad alimentaria y hogares con miembros que participan en programas nacionales de seguridad alimentaria. Esta situación representa una oportunidad para acciones gubernamentales destinadas a mejorar las condiciones de estos hogares vulnerables a través de programas integrales que promuevan hábitos saludables.
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Carvajal GA, Sarmiento OL, Medaglia AL, Cabrales S, Rodríguez DA, Quistberg DA, López S. Bicycle safety in Bogotá: A seven-year analysis of bicyclists' collisions and fatalities. Accid Anal Prev 2020; 144:105596. [PMID: 32603927 PMCID: PMC7447975 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Road safety research in low- and middle-income countries is limited, even though ninety percent of global road traffic fatalities are concentrated in these locations. In Colombia, road traffic injuries are the second leading source of mortality by external causes and constitute a significant public health concern in the city of Bogotá. Bogotá is among the top 10 most bike-friendly cities in the world. However, bicyclists are one of the most vulnerable road-users in the city. Therefore, assessing the pattern of mortality and understanding the variables affecting the outcome of bicyclists' collisions in Bogotá is crucial to guide policies aimed at improving safety conditions. This study aims to determine the spatiotemporal trends in fatal and nonfatal collision rates and to identify the individual and contextual factors associated with fatal outcomes. We use confidence intervals, geo-statistics, and generalized additive mixed models (GAMM) corrected for spatial correlation. The collisions' records were taken from Bogotá's Secretariat of Mobility, complemented with records provided by non-governmental organizations (NGO). Our findings indicate that from 2011 to 2017, the fatal bicycling collision rates per bicyclists' population have remained constant for females while decreasing 53 % for males. Additionally, we identified high-risk areas located in the west, southwest, and southeast of the city, where the rate of occurrence of fatal events is higher than what occurs in other parts of the city. Finally, our results show associated risk factors that differ by sex. Overall, we find that fatal collisions are positively associated with factors including collisions with large vehicles, the absence of dedicated infrastructure, steep terrain, and nighttime occurrence. Our findings support policy-making and planning efforts to monitor, prioritize, and implement targeted interventions aimed at improving bicycling safety conditions while accounting for gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán A Carvajal
- School of Economics, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; Department of Industrial Engineering, Center for Optimization and Applied Probability, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés L Medaglia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Center for Optimization and Applied Probability, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Sergio Cabrales
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Center for Optimization and Applied Probability, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Rodríguez
- Department of City and Regional Planning, Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - D Alex Quistberg
- Urban Health Collaborative at the Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Environmental & Occupational Health, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Segundo López
- Health and Road Safety Department, World Resources Institute Ross Center for Sustainable Cities, Bogotá, Colombia
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Huertas JA, Palacio A, Botero M, Carvajal GA, van Laake T, Higuera-Mendieta D, Cabrales SA, Guzman LA, Sarmiento OL, Medaglia AL. Level of traffic stress-based classification: A clustering approach for Bogotá, Colombia. Transp Res D Transp Environ 2020; 85:102420. [PMID: 32831580 PMCID: PMC7437968 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The Level of Traffic Stress (LTS) is an indicator that quantifies the stress experienced by a cyclist on the segments of a road network. We propose an LTS-based classification with two components: a clustering component and an interpretative component. Our methodology is comprised of four steps: (i) compilation of a set of variables for road segments, (ii) generation of clusters of segments within a subset of the road network, (iii) classification of all segments of the road network into these clusters using a predictive model, and (iv) assignment of an LTS category to each cluster. At the core of the methodology, we couple a classifier (unsupervised clustering algorithm) with a predictive model (multinomial logistic regression) to make our approach scalable to massive data sets. Our methodology is a useful tool for policy-making, as it identifies suitable areas for interventions; and can estimate their impact on the LTS classification, according to probable changes to the input variables (e.g., traffic density). We applied our methodology on the road network of Bogotá, Colombia, a city with a history of implementing innovative policies to promote biking. To classify road segments, we combined government data with open-access repositories using geographic information systems (GIS). Comparing our LTS classification with city reports, we found that the number of bicyclists' fatal and non-fatal collisions per kilometer is positively correlated with higher LTS. Finally, to support policy making, we developed a web-enabled dashboard to visualize and analyze the LTS classification and its underlying variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Huertas
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Palacio
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Botero
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Germán A. Carvajal
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Sergio A. Cabrales
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis A. Guzman
- Grupo de Estudios en Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional (SUR), Departamento de Ingeniería Civil y Ambiental, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés L. Medaglia
- Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Departamento de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
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Hessel P, González Jaramillo MJ, Rasella D, Duran AC, Sarmiento OL. Increases In Women's Political Representation Associated With Reductions In Child Mortality In Brazil. Health Aff (Millwood) 2020; 39:1166-1174. [PMID: 32634348 PMCID: PMC7610598 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the effects of female political representation on mortality among children younger than age five in Brazil and the extent to which this effect operates through coverage with conditional cash transfers and primary care services. We combined data on under-five mortality rates with data on women elected as mayors or representatives in state and federal legislatures for 3,167 municipalities during 2000–15. Results from fixed-effects regression models suggest that the election of a female mayor and increases in the shares of women elected to state legislatures and to the federal Chamber of Deputies to 20 percent or more were significantly associated with declines in under-five mortality. Increasing the political representation of women was likely associated with beneficial effects on child mortality through pathways that expanded access to primary health care and conditional cash transfer programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hessel
- Philipp Hessel is an associate professor in the Alberto Lleras Camargo School of Government, University of the Andes, in Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María José González Jaramillo
- María José González Jaramillo is a research fellow in the research department at the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington, D.C
| | - Davide Rasella
- Davide Rasella is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute of Public Health, Federal University of Bahia, in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Clara Duran
- Ana Clara Duran is a research scientist at the Center for Food Studies and Research (NEPA), University of Campinas, in Campinas, Brazil; and a research fellow at the Center for Epidemiological Studies in Nutrition and Health, University of São Paulo, in São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Olga L. Sarmiento is a full professor in the School of Medicine, University of the Andes
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Stankov I, Garcia LMT, Mascolli MA, Montes F, Meisel JD, Gouveia N, Sarmiento OL, Rodriguez DA, Hammond RA, Caiaffa WT, Diez Roux AV. A systematic review of empirical and simulation studies evaluating the health impact of transportation interventions. Environmental Research 2020; 186:109519. [PMID: 32335428 PMCID: PMC7343239 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban transportation is an important determinant of health and environmental outcomes, and therefore essential to achieving the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. To better understand the health impacts of transportation initiatives, we conducted a systematic review of longitudinal health evaluations involving: a) bus rapid transit (BRT); b) bicycle lanes; c) Open Streets programs; and d) aerial trams/cable cars. We also synthesized systems-based simulation studies of the health-related consequences of walking, bicycling, aerial tram, bus and BRT use. Two reviewers screened 3302 unique titles and abstracts identified through a systematic search of MEDLINE (Ovid), Scopus, TRID and LILACS databases. We included 39 studies: 29 longitudinal evaluations and 10 simulation studies. Five studies focused on low- and middle-income contexts. Of the 29 evaluation studies, 19 focused on single component bicycle lane interventions; the rest evaluated multi-component interventions involving: bicycle lanes (n = 5), aerial trams (n = 1), and combined bicycle lane/BRT systems (n = 4). Bicycle lanes and BRT systems appeared effective at increasing bicycle and BRT mode share, active transport duration, and number of trips using these modes. Of the 10 simulation studies, there were 9 agent-based models and one system dynamics model. Five studies focused on bus/BRT expansions and incentives, three on interventions for active travel, and the rest investigated combinations of public transport and active travel policies. Synergistic effects were observed when multiple policies were implemented, with several studies showing that sizable interventions are required to significantly shift travel mode choices. Our review indicates that bicycle lanes and BRT systems represent promising initiatives for promoting population health. There is also evidence to suggest that synergistic effects might be achieved through the combined implementation of multiple transportation policies. However, more rigorous evaluation and simulation studies focusing on low- and middle-income countries, aerial trams and Open Streets programs, and a more diverse set of health and health equity outcomes is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Leandro M T Garcia
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José D Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué, 730001, Colombia
| | - Nelson Gouveia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Los Andes, Cra 1 # 18a-10, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniel A Rodriguez
- University of California, Berkeley, USA; Department of City and Regional Planning and Institute for Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Ross A Hammond
- Center on Social Dynamics and Policy, The Brookings Institution, 1775 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA; Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO, 36130, USA
| | - Waleska Teixeira Caiaffa
- Observatory for Urban Health in Belo Horizonte, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana V Diez Roux
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, 3600 Market St, 7th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Van Dyck D, Cerin E, Akram M, Conway TL, Macfarlane D, Davey R, Sarmiento OL, Christiansen LB, Reis R, Mitas J, Aguinaga-Ontoso I, Salvo D, Sallis JF. Do physical activity and sedentary time mediate the association of the perceived environment with BMI? The IPEN adult study. Health Place 2020; 64:102366. [PMID: 32838889 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The study's main aim was to examine whether adults' accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time mediated the associations of neighbourhood physical environmental perceptions with body mass index (BMI) and weight status across 10 high- and middle-income countries. Data from the IPEN Adult study, an observational multi-country study (n = 5712) were used. Results showed that sedentary time was a non-significant or inconsistent mediator in all models. MVPA mediated the associations of street connectivity, land use mix-diversity, infrastructure/safety for walking and aesthetics with BMI in single models. In the multiple model, MVPA only fully mediated the relation between land use mix-diversity and BMI. This finding was replicated in the models with weight status as outcome. MVPA partially mediated associations of composite environmental variables with weight status. So, although MVPA mediated some associations, future comprehensive studies are needed to determine other mechanisms that could explain the relation between the physical environment and weight outcomes. Food intake, food accessibility and the home environment may be important variables to consider. Based on the consistency of results across study sites, global advocacy for policies supporting more walkable neighbourhoods should seek to optimize land-use-mix when designing and re-designing cities or towns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfien Van Dyck
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Duncan Macfarlane
- Centre for Sports and Exercise, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rachel Davey
- Centre for Research & Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rodrigo Reis
- Graduate Program in Urban Management, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; (PUCPR), Curitiba, Brazil; Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Josef Mitas
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ines Aguinaga-Ontoso
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Navarra, Spain
| | - Deborah Salvo
- Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James F Sallis
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Meisel JD, Ramirez AM, Esguerra V, Montes F, Stankov I, Sarmiento OL, Valdivia JA. Using a system dynamics model to study the obesity transition by socioeconomic status in Colombia at the country, regional and department levels. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036534. [PMID: 32499271 PMCID: PMC7282389 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We study the obesity transition by socioeconomic status (SES), gender and age within the Colombian urban population at the country, regional and department levels. DESIGN The study is informed by cross-sectional data from the 2005 and 2010 ENSIN survey. We used these data to develop a system dynamics model that simulates the dynamics of obesity by body mass index (BMI) categories, gender and SES at the country, regional and department levels from 2005 to 2030. PARTICIPANTS The sample size of the 2005 ENSIN comprised 8515 children younger than 5 years, 32 009 children and adolescents aged 5-17 years and 48 056 adults aged 18-64 years. In 2010, the corresponding numbers were 11 368, 32 524 and 64 425, respectively. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE The obesity prevalence ratio and prevalence rates for each BMI category. RESULTS The results show, at the country level, transitions from overweight to obesity were projected to increase sharply among lower SES adults, particularly among women, suggesting that these groups will undergo an obesity transition by 2030. The model projections also indicate that the regions of Colombia are in different stages of the obesity transition. In the case of women, five out of the six regions were expected to undergo an obesity transition by SES over time. For men, only one region was expected to undergo an obesity transition. However, at the department level, trends in the burden of obesity varied. CONCLUSIONS We evidence that the Colombian population could be experiencing an obesity transition where the increase in the GDP could be related to shifts in the burden of obesity from higher to lower SES, especially in women. These patterns support the need for policy planning that considers SES and gender, at the national and subnational levels, as important determinants of overweight and obesity among adults in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose D Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibague, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Angie M Ramirez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibague, Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia
| | - Valentina Esguerra
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Felipe Montes
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Social and Health Complexity Center, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Ivana Stankov
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Olga L Sarmiento
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Juan A Valdivia
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología, CEDENNA, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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González SA, Sarmiento OL, Lemoine PD, Larouche R, Meisel JD, Tremblay MS, Naranjo M, Broyles ST, Fogelholm M, Holguin GA, Lambert EV, Katzmarzyk PT. Active School Transport among Children from Canada, Colombia, Finland, South Africa, and the United States: A Tale of Two Journeys. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17113847. [PMID: 32481728 PMCID: PMC7312928 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Walking and biking to school represent a source of regular daily physical activity (PA). The objectives of this paper are to determine the associations of distance to school, crime safety, and socioeconomic variables with active school transport (AST) among children from five culturally and socioeconomically different country sites and to describe the main policies related to AST in those country sites. The analytical sample included 2845 children aged 9-11 years from the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. Multilevel generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate the associations between distance, safety and socioeconomic variables, and the odds of engaging in AST. Greater distance to school and vehicle ownership were associated with a lower likelihood of engaging in AST in sites in upper-middle- and high-income countries. Crime perception was negatively associated to AST only in sites in high-income countries. Our results suggest that distance to school is a consistent correlate of AST in different contexts. Our findings regarding crime perception support a need vs. choice framework, indicating that AST may be the only commuting choice for many children from the study sites in upper-middle-income countries, despite the high perception of crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia A. González
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-613-981-8332
| | - Olga L. Sarmiento
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | | | - Richard Larouche
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Jose D. Meisel
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Ibagué, Ibagué 730001, Colombia;
| | - Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (R.L.); (M.S.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada
| | - Melisa Naranjo
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Stephanie T. Broyles
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Gustavo A. Holguin
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia; (O.L.S.); (M.N.); (G.A.H.)
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Centre for Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport, Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (S.T.B.); (P.T.K.)
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