1
|
Bali Y, Bajiya VP, Tripathi JP, Mubayi A. Exploring data sources and mathematical approaches for estimating human mobility rates and implications for understanding COVID-19 dynamics: a systematic literature review. J Math Biol 2024; 88:67. [PMID: 38641762 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-024-02082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Human mobility, which refers to the movement of people from one location to another, is believed to be one of the key factors shaping the dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic. There are multiple reasons that can change human mobility patterns, such as fear of an infection, control measures restricting movement, economic opportunities, political instability, etc. Human mobility rates are complex to estimate as they can occur on various time scales, depending on the context and factors driving the movement. For example, short-term movements are influenced by the daily work schedule, whereas long-term trends can be due to seasonal employment opportunities. The goal of the study is to perform literature review to: (i) identify relevant data sources that can be used to estimate human mobility rates at different time scales, (ii) understand the utilization of variety of data to measure human movement trends under different contexts of mobility changes, and (iii) unraveling the associations between human mobility rates and social determinants of health affecting COVID-19 disease dynamics. The systematic review of literature was carried out to collect relevant articles on human mobility. Our study highlights the use of three major sources of mobility data: public transit, mobile phones, and social surveys. The results also provides analysis of the data to estimate mobility metrics from the diverse data sources. All major factors which directly and indirectly influenced human mobility during the COVID-19 spread are explored. Our study recommends that (a) a significant balance between primitive and new estimated mobility parameters need to be maintained, (b) the accuracy and applicability of mobility data sources should be improved, (c) encouraging broader interdisciplinary collaboration in movement-based research is crucial for advancing the study of COVID-19 dynamics among scholars from various disciplines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Bali
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Vijay Pal Bajiya
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, India
| | - Jai Prakash Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, Central University of Rajasthan, Kishangarh, Ajmer, 305817, India.
| | - Anuj Mubayi
- Intercollegiate Biomathematics Alliance, Illinois State University, Normal, USA
- Kalam Institute of Health Technology, Visakhapatnam, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li Z, Deng X, Mao Y, Duan J. Study on the temporal and spatial relationship between public health events and the development of air transport scale: A case of the Southwest China. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301461. [PMID: 38593175 PMCID: PMC11003690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The spread of the COVID-19 had profoundly affected the development of the air transportation. In order to determine the changes in air transportation volume associated with the development of the epidemic, this paper takes Southwest China as the study area. Monthly data and methods, such as the coefficient of variation, rank-size analysis and spatial matching index, were applied. The results found that: (1) during 2020-2022, there was a positive relationship between passenger volume and epidemic development, while freight volume increased for most airports in the first quarter of 2020-2022, particularly in the eastern region; (2) From the perspective of changes in air transportation volume under the development of the COVID-19, among various types of airports, the changes in transportation volume of main trunk airports were more significant than those of regional feeder airports in remote areas; (3) however, under the influence of the epidemic, main trunk airports still exhibited stronger attraction in passenger volume. That is to say, the passengers who chose to travel by air still tended to choose the main trunk airports and formed the agglomeration distribution pattern which around high-level airports in the provincial capital. Whereas the freight volume had a tendency of equalization among airports in Southwest China; (4) Over the course of time, the consistency of the spatial distribution of the number of cases and the passenger or freight volume in southwest China gradually increased. Among them, the spatial matching rate of the passenger volume and the number of COVID-19 cases was always higher than that of the cases and freight volume, which might indicate that there was a stronger correlation relationship. Therefore, it is proposed that the construction of multi-center airport system should be strengthened, the resilience of the route network for passenger transportation should be moderately enhanced, and the risk-resistant capacity of mainline airports and airports in tourist cities should be upgraded, so as to provide references for the orderly recovery of civil aviation and regional development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- Department of geography, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiwen Deng
- Department of geography, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Mao
- Department of geography, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinglong Duan
- Department of geography, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aguilar-Ruiz JS, Ruiz R, Giráldez R. Advance Monitoring of COVID-19 Incidence Based on Taxi Mobility: The Infection Ratio Measure. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:517. [PMID: 38470628 PMCID: PMC10930786 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on various aspects of our lives, affecting personal, occupational, economic, and social spheres. Much has been learned since the early 2020s, which will be very useful when the next pandemic emerges. In general, mobility and virus spread are strongly related. However, most studies analyze the impact of COVID-19 on mobility, but not much research has focused on analyzing the impact of mobility on virus transmission, especially from the point of view of monitoring virus incidence, which is extremely important for making sound decisions to control any epidemiological threat to public health. As a result of a thorough analysis of COVID-19 and mobility data, this work introduces a novel measure, the Infection Ratio (IR), which is not sensitive to underestimation of positive cases and is very effective in monitoring the pandemic's upward or downward evolution when it appears to be more stable, thus anticipating possible risk situations. For a bounded spatial context, we can infer that there is a significant threshold in the restriction of mobility that determines a change of trend in the number of infections that, if maintained for a minimum period, would notably increase the chances of keeping the spread of disease under control. Results show that IR is a reliable indicator of the intensity of infection, and an effective measure for early monitoring and decision making in smart cities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus S. Aguilar-Ruiz
- School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain; (R.R.); (R.G.)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alaniz AJ, Vergara PM, Carvajal JG, Carvajal MA. Unraveling the socio-environmental drivers during the early COVID-19 pandemic in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27969-0. [PMID: 37310602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The effect of environmental and socioeconomic conditions on the global pandemic of COVID-19 had been widely studied, yet their influence during the early outbreak remains less explored. Unraveling these relationships represents a key knowledge to prevent potential outbreaks of similar pathogens in the future. This study aims to determine the influence of socioeconomic, infrastructure, air pollution, and weather variables on the relative risk of infection in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in China. A spatio-temporal Bayesian zero-inflated Poisson model is used to test for the effect of 13 socioeconomic, urban infrastructure, air pollution, and weather variables on the relative risk of COVID-19 disease in 122 cities of China. The results show that socioeconomic and urban infrastructure variables did not have a significant effect on the relative risk of COVID-19. Meanwhile, COVID-19 relative risk was negatively associated with temperature, wind speed, and carbon monoxide, while nitrous dioxide and the human modification index presented a positive effect. Pollution gases presented a marked variability during the study period, showing a decrease of CO. These findings suggest that controlling and monitoring urban emissions of pollutant gases is a key factor for the reduction of risk derived from COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Alaniz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geoespacial y Ambiental, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Centro de Formación Técnica del Medio ambiente, IDMA, Santiago, Chile.
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnolִógica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pablo M Vergara
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnolִógica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge G Carvajal
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnolִógica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario A Carvajal
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnolִógica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Osorio Arjona J, de Las Obras-Loscertales Sampériz J. Estimation of mobility and population in Spain during different phases of the COVID-19 pandemic from mobile phone data. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8962. [PMID: 37268712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36108-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to find out the effectiveness of sources based on Big Data like mobile phone records to analyze mobility flows and changes in the population of Spain in different scenarios during the period of the pandemic caused by the COVID-19 virus. To this end, we have used mobile phone data provided by the National Institute of Statistics from four days corresponding to different phases of the pandemic. Origin-Destination matrices and population estimation calculations at the spatial level of population cells have been elaborated. The results show different patterns that correspond to the phenomena that have occurred, as the decrease of the population during the periods associated with the confinement measures. The consistency of findings with the reality and the generally good correlation with the population census data indicate that mobile phone records are a useful source of data for the elaboration of demographic and mobility studies during pandemics.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wei Luo, Yuxuan Zhou, Zhaoyin Liu, Wei Kang, Shenjing He, Rui Zhu, Ruiyun Li, Bo Huang. Cross-regional analysis of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infection in Southeast Asia during the transitional period of “living with COVID-19”. Health Place 2023:103000. [PMID: 37011444 PMCID: PMC10008814 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background In response to COVID-19, Southeast Asian (SEA) countries had imposed stringent lockdowns and restrictions to mitigate the pandemic ever since 2019. Because of a gradually boosting vaccination rate along with a strong demand for economic recovery, many governments have shifted the intervention strategy from restrictions to “Living with COVID-19” where people gradually resumed their normal activities since the second half of the year 2021. Noticeably, timelines for enacting the loosened strategy varied across Southeast Asian countries, which resulted in different patterns of human mobility across space and time. This thus presents an opportunity to study the relationship between mobility and the number of infection cases across regions, which could provide support for ongoing interventions in terms of effectiveness. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections across space and time during the transition period of shifting strategies from restrictions to normal living in Southeast Asia. Our research results have significant implications for evidence-based policymaking at the present of the COVID-19 pandemic and other public health issues. Methods We aggregated weekly average human mobility data derived from the Facebook origin and destination Movement dataset. and weekly average new cases of COVID-19 at the district level from 01-Jun-2021 to 26-Dec-2021 (a total of 30 weeks). We mapped the spatiotemporal dynamics of human mobility and COVID-19 cases across countries in SEA. We further adopted the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression model to identify the spatiotemporal variations of the association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections over 30 weeks. Our model also controls for socioeconomic status, vaccination, and stringency of intervention to better identify the impact of human mobility on COVID-19 spread. Results The percentage of districts that presented a statistically significant association between human mobility and COVID-19 infections generally decreased from 96.15% in week 1 to 90.38% in week 30, indicating a gradual disconnection between human mobility and COVID-19 spread. Over the study period, the average coefficients in 7 SEA countries increased, decreased, and finally kept stable. The association between human mobility and COVID-19 spread also presents spatial heterogeneity where higher coefficients were mainly concentrated in districts of Indonesia from week 1 to week 10 (ranging from 0.336 to 0.826), while lower coefficients were mainly located in districts of Vietnam (ranging from 0.044 to 0.130). From week 10 to week 25, higher coefficients were mainly observed in Singapore, Malaysia, Brunei, north Indonesia, and several districts of the Philippines. Despite the association showing a general weakening trend over time, significant positive coefficients were observed in Singapore, Malaysia, western Indonesia, and the Philippines, with the relatively highest coefficients observed in the Philippines in week 30 (ranging from 0.101 to 0.139). Conclusions The loosening interventions in response to COVID-19 in SEA countries during the second half of 2021 led to diverse changes in human mobility over time, which may result in the COVID-19 infection dynamics. This study investigated the association between mobility and infections at the regional level during the special transitional period. Our study has important implications for public policy interventions, especially at the later stage of a public health crisis.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bui HM, Ha MH, Dao TP, Vu MD, Pham TQ, Nguyen ML, Phan MH, Nguyen MTT, Hoang XHT, Ngo HTT, Van MD, Quang CL. Movement restrictions, vaccine coverage, and reduction of the COVID-19 incidence rate in the fourth wave of the pandemic: Analysis results from 63 provinces in Vietnam. Front Public Health 2023; 10:988107. [PMID: 36711402 PMCID: PMC9878390 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.988107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
On April 27, 2021, the fourth wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic originating from the Delta variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in Vietnam. The adoption of travel restrictions, coupled with rapid vaccination and mask-wearing, is a global strategy to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Although trade-off between health and economic development are unavoidable in this situation, little evidence that is specific to Vietnam in terms of movement restrictions, vaccine coverage, and real-time COVID-19 cases is available. Our research question is whether travel restrictions and vaccine coverage are related to changes in the incidence of COVID-19 in each province in Vietnam. We used Google's Global Mobility Data Source, which reports different mobility types, along with reports of vaccine coverage and COVID-19 cases retrieved from publicly and freely available datasets, for this research. Starting from the 50th case per province and incorporating a 14-day period to account for exposure and illness, we examined the association between changes in mobility (from day 27 to 04-03/11/2021) and the ratio of the number of new confirmed cases on a given day to the total number of cases in the past 14 days of indexing (the potentially contagious group in the population) per million population by making use of LOESS regression and logit regression. In two-thirds of the surveyed provinces, a reduction of up to 40% in commuting movement (to the workplace, transit stations, grocery stores, and entertainment venues) was related to a reduction in the number of cases, especially in the early stages of the pandemic. Once both movement and disease prevalence had been mitigated, further restrictions offered little additional benefit. These results indicate the importance of early and decisive actions during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanh My Bui
- Department of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Center for Development of Curriculum and Human Resources in Health Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Department of Functional Exploration, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,Department of Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Hanh My Bui ✉
| | - Minh Hoang Ha
- ORLab, Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Phuoc Dao
- Department of Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Manh Duy Vu
- ORLab, Faculty of Computer Science, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thai Quang Pham
- Department of Communicable Diseases Control and Prevention, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Loi Nguyen
- Administration of Science Technology and Training, Ministry of Health Vietnam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Hong Phan
- Outpatients Department, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Xuyen Hong Thi Hoang
- Center for Development of Curriculum and Human Resources in Health Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam,Department of Scientific Research and International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Minh Do Van
- Department of Orthopedic, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Le Quang
- Department of Neurology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kawakami Y, Nojiri S, Nakamoto D, Irie Y, Miyazawa S, Kuroki M, Nishizaki Y. Novel indicator for the spread of new coronavirus disease 2019 and its association with human mobility in Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:115. [PMID: 36596837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Japanese government adopted policies to control human mobility in 2020 to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present study examined the impact of human mobility on COVID-19 cases at the prefectural level in Japan by devising an indicator to have a relationship between the number of infected people and on human mobility. We calculated origin-destination travel mobility within prefectures in Japan from March 1st to December 31st, 2020, using mobile phone data. A cross-correlation function (CCF) was used to examine the relationship between human mobility and a COVID-19 infection acceleration indicator (IAI), which represents the rate of change in the speed of COVID-19 infection. The CCF of intraprefectural human mobility and the IAI in Tokyo showed a maximum value of 0.440 at lag day 12, and the IAI could be used as an indicator to predict COVID-19 cases. Therefore, the IAI and human mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic were useful for predicting infection status. The number of COVID-19 cases was associated with human mobility at the prefectural level in Japan in 2020. Controlling human mobility could help control infectious diseases in a pandemic, especially prior to starting vaccination.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ha TV, Asada T, Arimura M. Changes in mobility amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Sapporo City, Japan: An investigation through the relationship between spatiotemporal population density and urban facilities. Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect 2023; 17:100744. [PMID: 36590070 PMCID: PMC9790881 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2022.100744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
By the end of 2021, the Omicron variant of coronavirus disease 2019 had become the dominant cause of a worldwide pandemic crisis. This demands a deeper analysis to support policy makers in creating interventions that not only protect people from the pandemic but also remedy its negative effects on the economy. Thus, this study investigated people's mobility changes through the relationship between spatiotemporal population density and urban facilities. Results showed that places related to daily services, restaurants, commercial areas, and offices experienced decreased visits, with the highest decline belonging to commercial facilities. Visits to health care and production facilities were stable on weekdays but increased on holidays. Educational institutions' visits decreased on weekdays but increased on holidays. People's visits to residential housing and open spaces increased, with the rise in residential housing visits being more substantial. The results also confirmed that policy interventions (e.g., declaration of emergency and upgrade of restriction level) have a great impact on people's mobility in the short term. The findings would seem to indicate that visit patterns at service and restaurant places decreased least during the pandemic. The analysis outcomes suggest that policy makers should pay more attention to risk perception enhancement as a long-term measure. Furthermore, the study clarified the population density of each facility type in a time series. Improving model performance would be promising for tracking and predicting the spread of future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Vinh Ha
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, ₸ 050-8585, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takumi Asada
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, ₸ 050-8585, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mikiharu Arimura
- Division of Sustainable and Environmental Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, ₸ 050-8585, 27-1 Mizumoto-cho, Muroran, Hokkaido, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pernencar C, Aguilar P, Saboia I, Barreto I, Theophilo R, Oliveira D, Monteiro LO. Systematic mapping of digital health apps - A methodological proposal based on the World Health Organization classification of interventions. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221129071. [PMID: 36569821 PMCID: PMC9772938 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221129071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 was identified as a pandemic and Brazil is one of the major epicentres. One of the Brazilian states affected is Ceará, where this research group works. This group was challenged by a Hospital stakeholder to develop a communication channel with the health professionals and the coronavirus disease 2019 patient's family. This article presents a part of this whole project. The main methodological approach was the user-centred design based on user experience elements. Benchmarking was applied to understand the state-of-art of Brazilian apps that were related to coronavirus disease 2019. The research process was based on a systematic approach that was carried out by a multidisciplinary team that worked through four work cycles (identification, classification, screening, analysis). This work was based on two main points: (a) World Health Organization digital health guidelines, specifically digital health interventions (b) System Usability Scale. As a result, apps features were gathered according to the digital health interventions and their experiences were analysed on System Usability Scale. This work has provided an overview of apps that were available and how they support the coronavirus disease 2019 context. Another valuable contribution is the understanding of how the industry was satisfying the user's needs. These two results can provide a holistic view for future product development that can be used in different contexts of health issues. One of the highlighted conclusions was that digital health interventions should be adapted to the local context because these World Health Organization guidelines were open. Moreover, the System Usability Scale is an effective method to compare different digital health solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pernencar
- ICNOVA/NOVA FCSH, Lisbon, Portugal
- Claudia Pernencar, ICNOVA/NOVA FCSH, Campus de Campolide – Colégio Almada Negreiros, Gab. 348, 1099-032 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Aguilar
- Universidade Federal do Ceará – Campus Quixadá, Quixadá, Brazil
| | - Inga Saboia
- Universidade Federal do Ceará – Instituto UFC Virtual, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Harris JE. Concentric regulatory zones failed to halt surging COVID-19: Brooklyn 2020. Front Public Health 2022; 10:970363. [PMID: 36568788 PMCID: PMC9768182 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.970363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods We relied on reports of confirmed case incidence and test positivity, along with data on the movements of devices with location-tracking software, to evaluate a novel scheme of three concentric regulatory zones introduced by then New York Governor Cuomo to address an outbreak of COVID-19 in South Brooklyn in the fall of 2020. The regulatory scheme imposed differential controls on access to eating places, schools, houses of worship, large gatherings and other businesses within the three zones, but without restrictions on mobility. Results Within the central red zone, COVID-19 incidence temporarily declined from 131.2 per 100,000 population during the week ending October 3 to 62.5 per 100,000 by the week ending October 31, but then rebounded to 153.6 per 100,000 by the week ending November 28. Within the intermediate orange and peripheral yellow zones combined, incidence steadily rose from 28.8 per 100,000 during the week ending October 3 to 109.9 per 100,000 by the week ending November 28. Data on device visits to pairs of eating establishments straddling the red-orange boundary confirmed compliance with access controls. More general analysis of device movements showed stable patterns of movement between and beyond zones unaffected by the Governor's orders. A geospatial regression model of COVID-19 incidence in relation to device movements across zip code tabulation areas identified a cluster of five high-movement ZCTAs with estimated reproduction number 1.91 (95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.55). Discussion In the highly populous area of South Brooklyn, controls on access alone, without restrictions on movement, were inadequate to halt an advancing COVID-19 outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E. Harris
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States,Eisner Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Jeffrey E. Harris
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Roelofs B, Ballas D, Haisma H, Edzes A. Spatial mobility patterns and COVID‐19 incidence: A regional analysis of the second wave in the Netherlands. Region Sci Policy Practice 2022. [PMCID: PMC9539347 DOI: 10.1111/rsp3.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A key policy measure introduced by governments worldwide at the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was to restrict travel, highlighting the importance of people's mobility as one of the key contributors to spreading severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). However, there was little consistency regarding the geographical scale or the severity of these measures. Little use was made of commuting and travel data to inform decisions on when, where and at what level restrictions should be applied. We aim to contribute to regional policy by providing evidence that could be used to inform future policy debates on the most effective travel restrictions to impose during a pandemic. We present an analysis of the impact of mobility between municipalities on COVID‐19 incidence in the Netherlands. We used multiple linear regression models and geographical information systems to gain insight into the association between mobility‐related factors and demographic, socio‐economic and geographical factors with COVID‐19 incidence in municipalities. Our results indicate that spatial mobility patterns, when combined with COVID‐19 incidence in municipalities of origin, were associated with increased COVID‐19 incidence in municipalities of destination. In addition, various regional characteristics were associated with municipal incidence. By conducting our analyses over three different periods, we highlight the importance of time for COVID‐19 incidence. In the light of ongoing mitigation measures (and possible future events), spatial mobility patterns should be a key factor in exploring regional mobility restrictions as an alternative for national lockdowns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Roelofs
- Department of Economic Geography, Faculty of Spatial Sciences University of Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Ballas
- Department of Economic Geography, Faculty of Spatial Sciences University of Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Hinke Haisma
- Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences University of Groningen the Netherlands
| | - Arjen Edzes
- Department of Economic Geography, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, and School of Law Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Miller G, Menzel A, Ankerst DP. Association between short-term exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in all German districts: the importance of confounders. Environ Sci Eur 2022; 34:79. [PMID: 36062033 PMCID: PMC9418649 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-022-00657-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focus of many studies is to estimate the effect of risk factors on outcomes, yet results may be dependent on the choice of other risk factors or potential confounders to include in a statistical model. For complex and unexplored systems, such as the COVID-19 spreading process, where a priori knowledge of potential confounders is lacking, data-driven empirical variable selection methods may be primarily utilized. Published studies often lack a sensitivity analysis as to how results depend on the choice of confounders in the model. This study showed variability in associations of short-term air pollution with COVID-19 mortality in Germany under multiple approaches accounting for confounders in statistical models. METHODS Associations between air pollution variables PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO, NO2, and O3 and cumulative COVID-19 deaths in 400 German districts were assessed via negative binomial models for two time periods, March 2020-February 2021 and March 2021-February 2022. Prevalent methods for adjustment of confounders were identified after a literature search, including change-in-estimate and information criteria approaches. The methods were compared to assess the impact on the association estimates of air pollution and COVID-19 mortality considering 37 potential confounders. RESULTS Univariate analyses showed significant negative associations with COVID-19 mortality for CO, NO, and NO2, and positive associations, at least for the first time period, for O3 and PM2.5. However, these associations became non-significant when other risk factors were accounted for in the model, in particular after adjustment for mobility, political orientation, and age. Model estimates from most selection methods were similar to models including all risk factors. CONCLUSION Results highlight the importance of adequately accounting for high-impact confounders when analyzing associations of air pollution with COVID-19 and show that it can be of help to compare multiple selection approaches. This study showed how model selection processes can be performed using different methods in the context of high-dimensional and correlated covariates, when important confounders are not known a priori. Apparent associations between air pollution and COVID-19 mortality failed to reach significance when leading selection methods were used. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12302-022-00657-5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Miller
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, Garching, Germany
| | - Annette Menzel
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Donna P. Ankerst
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 3, Garching, Germany
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu SF, Chang HC, Liu JF, Kuo HC. How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Population Mobility in Taiwan? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191710559. [PMID: 36078272 PMCID: PMC9517744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) impairs the free movement of human beings. The study aims to determine how the COVID-19 pandemic affected population mobility. METHODS The study obtained Google COVID-19 population mobility report and e Taiwan COVID-19 pandemic information from Our World in Data. RESULTS During the Alpha wave, transit decreased the most, with an average difference of >50%, followed by parks, workplaces, groceries, and pharmacies. During the Omicron wave, the average population flow in parks and transit decreased by about 20%. During the pre-existing wave, the average population visits of transit decreased by 10% at the most, followed by parks and workplaces. The peak of daily new confirmed cases per million (7-day rolling average) was 25.02, 6.39, and 0.81 for Alpha, Omicron, and the pre-existing wave, respectively. Daily new confirmed cases per million people correlated with the change in population visits of various places (all p < 0.001). The reproduction rate (7-day rolling average) correlated with the change of population visits of most places, except retail and recreation. We conclude the Alpha variant affected more individuals than Omicron and pre-existing type. Furthermore, changes in population visits in transit were most impacted. This change was consistent with daily new confirmed cases per million people and reproduction rate (7-day rolling average). CONCLUSION The Alpha variant affected more individuals than the Omicron and pre-existing types. Furthermore, changes in population visits in transit locations were most impacted. This change was consistent with the daily new number of confirmed cases per million people and the 7-day rolling average reproduction rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Feng Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Chang
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Chang Kuo
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Kawasaki Disease Center, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Harris JE. Mobility was a significant determinant of reported COVID-19 incidence during the Omicron Surge in the most populous U.S. Counties. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:691. [PMID: 35971063 PMCID: PMC9376582 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant immune escape by the Omicron variant, along with the emergence of widespread worry fatigue, have called into question the robustness of the previously observed relation between population mobility and COVID-19 incidence. METHODS We employed principal component analysis to construct a one-dimensional summary indicator of six Google mobility categories. We related this mobility indicator to case incidence among 111 of the most populous U.S. counties during the Omicron surge from December 2021 through February 2022. RESULTS Reported COVID-19 incidence peaked earlier and declined more rapidly among those counties exhibiting more extensive decline in mobility between December 20 and January 3. Based upon a fixed-effects, longitudinal cohort model, we estimated that every 1% decline in mobility between December 20 and January 3 was associated with a 0.63% decline in peak incidence during the week ending January 17 (95% confidence interval, 0.40-0.86%). Based upon a cross-sectional analysis including mean household size and vaccination participation as covariates, we estimated that the same 1% decline in mobility was associated with a 0.36% decline in cumulative reported COVID-19 incidence from January 10 through February 28 (95% CI, 0.18-0.54%). CONCLUSION Omicron did not simply sweep through the U.S. population until it ran out of susceptible individuals to infect. To the contrary, a significant fraction managed to avoid infection by engaging in risk-mitigating behaviors. More broadly, the behavioral response to perceived risk should be viewed as an intrinsic component of the natural course of epidemics in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey E Harris
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. .,Eisner Health, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Galacho-Jiménez FB, Carruana-Herrera D, Molina J, Ruiz-Sinoga JD. Tempo-Spatial Modelling of the Spread of COVID-19 in Urban Spaces. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9764. [PMID: 35955122 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the social structure of urban spaces and the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic is becoming increasingly evident. Analyzing the socio-spatial structure in relation to cases may be one of the keys to explaining the ways in which this contagious disease and its variants spread. The aim of this study is to propose a set of variables selected from the social context and the spatial structure and to evaluate the temporal spread of infections and their different degrees of intensity according to social areas. We define a model to represent the relationship between the socio-spatial structure of the urban space and the spatial distribution of pandemic cases. We draw on the theory of social area analysis and apply multivariate analysis techniques to check the results in the urban space of the city of Malaga (Spain). The proposed model should be considered capable of explaining the functioning of the relationships between societal structure, socio-spatial segregation, and the spread of the pandemic. In this paper, the study of the origins and consequences of COVID-19 from different scientific perspectives is considered a necessary approach to understanding this phenomenon. The personal and social consequences of the pandemic have been exceptional and have changed many aspects of social life in urban spaces, where it has also had a greater impact. We propose a geostatistical analysis model that can explain the functioning of the relationships between societal structure, socio-spatial segregation, and the temporal evolution of the pandemic. Rather than an aprioristic theory, this paper is a study by the authors to interpret the disparity in the spread of the pandemic as shown by the infection data.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang Z, Xiong H, Tang M, Boukhechba M, Flickinger TE, Barnes LE. Mobile Sensing in the COVID-19 Era: A Review. Health Data Sci 2022; 2022:9830476. [PMID: 36408201 PMCID: PMC9629686 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9830476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, mobile sensing and data analytics techniques have demonstrated their capabilities in monitoring the trajectories of the pandemic, by collecting behavioral, physiological, and mobility data on individual, neighborhood, city, and national scales. Notably, mobile sensing has become a promising way to detect individuals' infectious status, track the change in long-term health, trace the epidemics in communities, and monitor the evolution of viruses and subspecies. Methods We followed the PRISMA practice and reviewed 60 eligible papers on mobile sensing for monitoring COVID-19. We proposed a taxonomy system to summarize literature by the time duration and population scale under mobile sensing studies. Results We found that existing literature can be naturally grouped in four clusters, including remote detection, long-term tracking, contact tracing, and epidemiological study. We summarized each group and analyzed representative works with regard to the system design, health outcomes, and limitations on techniques and societal factors. We further discussed the implications and future directions of mobile sensing in communicable diseases from the perspectives of technology and applications. Conclusion Mobile sensing techniques are effective, efficient, and flexible to surveil COVID-19 in scales of time and populations. In the post-COVID era, technical and societal issues in mobile sensing are expected to be addressed to improve healthcare and social outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Haoyi Xiong
- Big Data Lab, Baidu Research, Baidu Inc., BeijingChina
| | - Mingyue Tang
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Mehdi Boukhechba
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Tabor E. Flickinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Laura E. Barnes
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Méndez-Lizárraga CA, Castañeda-Cediel ML, Delgado-Sánchez G, Ferreira-Guerrero EE, Ferreyra-Reyes L, Canizales-Quintero S, Mongua-Rodríguez N, Tellez-Vázquez N, Jiménez-Corona ME, Bradford Vosburg K, Bello-Chavolla OY, García-García L. Evaluating the impact of mobility in COVID-19 incidence and mortality: A case study from four states of Mexico. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877800. [PMID: 35991046 PMCID: PMC9387383 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico began at the end of February 2020. An essential component of control strategies was to reduce mobility. We aimed to evaluate the impact of mobility on COVID- incidence and mortality rates during the initial months of the pandemic in selected states.MethodsCOVID-19 incidence data were obtained from the Open Data Epidemiology Resource provided by the Mexican government. Mobility data was obtained from the Observatory for COVID-19 in the Americas of the University of Miami. We selected four states according to their compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions and mobility index. We constructed time series and analyzed change-points for mobility, incidence, and mortality rates. We correlated mobility with incidence and mortality rates for each time interval. Using mixed-effects Poisson models, we evaluated the impact of reductions in mobility on incidence and mortality rates, adjusting all models for medical services and the percentage of the population living in poverty.ResultsAfter the initial decline in mobility experienced in early April, a sustained increase in mobility followed during the rest of the country-wide suspension of non-essential activities and the return to other activities throughout mid-April and May. We identified that a 1% increase in mobility yielded a 5.2 and a 2.9% increase in the risk of COVID-19 incidence and mortality, respectively. Mobility was estimated to contribute 8.5 and 3.8% to the variability in incidence and mortality, respectively. In fully adjusted models, the contribution of mobility to positive COVID-19 incidence and mortality was sustained. When assessing the impact of mobility in each state compared to the state of Baja California, increased mobility conferred an increased risk of incident positive COVID-19 cases in Mexico City, Jalisco, and Nuevo León. However, for COVID-19 mortality, a differential impact of mobility was only observed with Jalisco and Nuevo León compared to Baja California.ConclusionMobility had heterogeneous impacts on COVID-19 rates in different regions of Mexico, indicating that sociodemographic characteristics and regional-level pandemic dynamics modified the impact of reductions in mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions should be regionalized based on local epidemiology for timely response against future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - MLucía Castañeda-Cediel
- Posgrado en Geografía, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Delgado-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Leticia Ferreyra-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Sergio Canizales-Quintero
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Norma Mongua-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Norma Tellez-Vázquez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Kathryn Bradford Vosburg
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Lourdes García-García
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Lourdes García-García
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bozkaya E, Eriskin L, Karatas M. Data analytics during pandemics: a transportation and location planning perspective. Ann Oper Res 2022; 328:1-52. [PMID: 35935742 PMCID: PMC9342597 DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 pandemic once again showed the value of harnessing reliable and timely data in fighting the disease. Obtained from multiple sources via different collection streams, an immense amount of data is processed to understand and predict the future state of the disease. Apart from predicting the spatio-temporal dynamics, it is used to foresee the changes in human mobility patterns and travel behaviors and understand the mobility and spread speed relationship. During this period, data-driven analytic approaches and Operations Research tools are widely used by scholars to prescribe emerging transportation and location planning problems to guide policy-makers in making effective decisions. In this study, we provide a review of studies which tackle transportation and location problems during the COVID-19 pandemic with a focus on data analytics. We discuss the major data collecting streams utilized during the pandemic era, highlight the importance of rapid and reliable data sharing, and give an overview of the challenges and limitations on the use of data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Bozkaya
- Department of Computer Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Levent Eriskin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mumtaz Karatas
- Department of Industrial Engineering, National Defence University, Turkish Naval Academy, 34940 Tuzla, Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ghaznavi C, Yoneoka D, Tanoue Y, Gilmour S, Kawashima T, Eguchi A, Kawamura Y, Miyata H, Nomura S. Inter-Prefectural Travel and Network Connectedness During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:510-518. [PMID: 35781428 PMCID: PMC9551293 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increases in human mobility have been linked to rises in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. The pandemic era in Japan has been characterized by changes in inter-prefectural mobility across state of emergency (SOE) declarations and travel campaigns, but they have yet to be characterized. Methods Using Yahoo Japan mobility data extracted from the smartphones of more than 10 million Japanese residents, we calculated the monthly number of inter-prefectural travel instances, stratified by residential prefecture and destination prefecture. We then used this adjacency matrix to calculate two network connectedness metrics, closeness centrality and effective distance, that reliably predict disease transmission. Results Inter-prefectural mobility and network connectedness decreased most considerably during the first SOE, but this decrease dampened with each successive SOE. Mobility and network connectedness increased during the Go To Travel campaign. Travel volume between distant prefectures decreased more than travel between prefectures with geographic proximity. Closeness centrality was found to be negatively correlated with the rate of COVID-19 infection across prefectures, with the strength of this association increasing in tandem with the infection rate. Changes in effective distance were more visible among geographically isolated prefectures (Hokkaido and Okinawa) than among metropolitan, central prefectures (Tokyo, Aichi, Osaka, and Fukuoka). Conclusion The magnitude of reductions in human mobility decreased with each subsequent state of emergency, consistent with pandemic fatigue. The association between network connectedness and rates of COVID-19 infection remained visible throughout the entirety of the pandemic period, suggesting that inter-prefectural mobility may have contributed to disease spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Ghaznavi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University.,Medical Education Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis
| | - Daisuke Yoneoka
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University.,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research.,Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University
| | - Yuta Tanoue
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University.,Institute for Business and Finance, Waseda University
| | - Stuart Gilmour
- Graduate School of Public Health, St. Luke's International University
| | - Takayuki Kawashima
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University.,Department of Mathematical and Computing Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University.,Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University
| | - Yumi Kawamura
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | - Hiroaki Miyata
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | - Shuhei Nomura
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University.,Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rodríguez M, Porras-Villamil J, Martin L, Rivera J, Mantilla Y, Olivera M. Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG anti-SARS-COV-2 and associated factors among agricultural workers in Colombia. New Microbes New Infect 2022; 48:101026. [PMID: 36090798 PMCID: PMC9441476 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The population of South America has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this region, during the year 2020, high seroprevalence percentages were reported, which have been associated with the socioeconomic characteristics of the population, mainly in urban areas. However, a relative lack of information on the dynamics of the pandemic in rural areas of these countries, where the population is more vulnerable, is still present. This study determined antibody prevalence against SARS-CoV-2 in urban and rural food producing workers in Colombia. Methods A total of 1242 workers, urban and rural, linked to poultry, dairy, and meat production and supply chains, were analyzed through a sociodemographic survey and two serological tests against S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Results 78.7% were male. 50.9% of the participants were rural inhabitants, with an average age of 40.9 years old. 39.2% had IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 S protein and 31.3% against N protein for the same virus; 83.6% had not been tested with an RT-PCR test for COVID-19 and 75.7% did not report symptoms related to the disease. The associated risk factors were low education, OR: 1.46, greater number of cohabitants, OR: 1.36, and contact with people infected with COVID-19, OR: 2.03. Conclusions The seroprevalences found suggest an important interconnectivity between rural and urban areas, where asymptomatic subjects and sociodemographic factors facilitate the virus' spread in the population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
- Corresponding author: Martha Fabiola Rodríguez Álvarez, Carrera 5 No 59 A 44, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - L.V. Martin
- Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - J.E. Rivera
- LIAC Laboratory, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Y.C. Mantilla
- LIAC Laboratory, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M.J. Olivera
- Parasitology Group from the Colombian National Health Institute, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng C, Zhang J, Li Z, Sun X, Yang X, Olatosi B, Weissman S, Li X. Population Mobility and Aging Accelerate the Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Deep South: A County-Level Longitudinal Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 74:e1-e3. [PMID: 35568472 PMCID: PMC9107377 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Population mobility and aging at local areas contributed to the geospatial disparities in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission among 418 counties in the Deep South. In predicting the incidence of COVID-19, a significant interaction was found between mobility and the proportion of older adults. Effective disease control measures should be tailored to vulnerable communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Zeng
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Geoinformation and Big Data Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaowen Sun
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xueying Yang
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Bankole Olatosi
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sharon Weissman
- University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,University of South Carolina Big Data Health Science Center, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
This assessment aims at measuring the impact of different location mobility on the COVID-19 pandemic. Data over time and over the 27 Brazilian federations in 5 regions provided by Google's COVID-19 community mobility reports and classified by place categories (retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residences) are autoregressed on the COVID-19 incidence in Brazil using generalized linear regressions to measure the aggregate dynamic impact of mobility on each socioeconomic category. The work provides a novel multicriteria approach for selecting the most appropriate estimation model in the context of this application. Estimations for the time gap between contagion and data disclosure for public authorities' decision-making, estimations regarding the propagation rate, and the marginal mobility contribution for each place category are also provided. We report the pandemic evolution on the dimensions of cases and a geostatistical analysis evaluating the most critical cities in Brazil based on optimized hotspots with a brief discussion on the effects of population density and the carnival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thyago Celso C Nepomuceno
- Núcleo de Tecnologia, Federal University of Pernambuco, Km 59, s/n, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE, Brazil
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Informatica Automatica e Gestionale Antonio Ruberti, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto, 25, Roma, Italy
| | - Thalles Vitelli Garcez
- Núcleo de Tecnologia, Federal University of Pernambuco, Km 59, s/n, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Camara E Silva
- Núcleo de Tecnologia, Federal University of Pernambuco, Km 59, s/n, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE, Brazil
| | - Artur Paiva Coutinho
- Núcleo de Tecnologia, Federal University of Pernambuco, Km 59, s/n, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Garber MD, Labgold K, Kramer MR. On selection bias in comparison measures of smartphone-generated population mobility: an illustration of no-bias conditions with a commercial data source. Ann Epidemiol 2022; 70:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
25
|
Basto-Abreu A, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Wade AN, Oliveira de Melo D, Semeão de Souza AS, Nunes BP, Perianayagam A, Tian M, Yan LL, Ghosh A, Miranda JJ. Multimorbidity matters in low and middle-income countries. J Multimorb Comorb 2022; 12:26335565221106074. [PMID: 35734547 PMCID: PMC9208045 DOI: 10.1177/26335565221106074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Multimorbidity is a complex challenge affecting individuals, families, caregivers, and health systems worldwide. The burden of multimorbidity is remarkable in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) given the many existing challenges in these settings. Investigating multimorbidity in LMICs poses many challenges including the different conditions studied, and the restriction of data sources to relatively few countries, limiting comparability and representativeness. This has led to a paucity of evidence on multimorbidity prevalence and trends, disease clusters, and health outcomes, particularly longitudinal outcomes. In this paper, based on our experience of investigating multimorbidity in LMICs contexts, we discuss how the structure of the health system does not favor addressing multimorbidity, and how this is amplified by social and economic disparities and, more recently, by the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that generating epidemiologic data around multimorbidity with similar methods and definition is essential to improve comparability, guide clinical decision-making and inform policies, research priorities, and local responses. We call for action on policy to refinance and prioritize primary care and integrated care as the center of multimorbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Basto-Abreu
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | | | - Alisha N Wade
- MRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Ana S Semeão de Souza
- Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno P Nunes
- Department of Nursing in Public Health, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Maoyi Tian
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lijing L Yan
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China.,School of Health Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Arpita Ghosh
- The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Jaime Miranda
- CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|