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Pandey P, Rao L, Shekhar BR, Das DK, Vavilala SL. Molecular insights into flavone-mediated quorum sensing interference: A novel strategy against Serratiamarcescens biofilm-induced antibiotic resistance". Chem Biol Interact 2024; 396:111027. [PMID: 38735452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance poses a significant challenge in modern medicine, urging the exploration of innovative approaches to combat bacterial infections. Biofilms, complex bacterial communities encased in a protective matrix, contribute to resistance by impeding antibiotic efficacy and promoting genetic exchange. Understanding biofilm dynamics is crucial for developing effective antimicrobial therapies against antibiotic resistance. This study explores the potential of flavone to combat biofilm-induced antibiotic resistance by employing in-vitro biochemical, cell biology, and Insilico (MD simulation), approaches. Flavone exhibited potent antibacterial effects with a low minimum inhibitory concentration by inducing intracellular reactive oxygen species. Flavones further inhibited the formation of biofilms by 50-60 % and disrupted the pre-formed biofilms by reducing the extracellular polysaccharide substance protective layer formed on the biofilm by 80 %. Quorum sensing (QS) plays a crucial role in bacterial pathogenicity and flavone significantly attenuated the production of QS-induced virulence factors like urease, protease, lipase, hemolysin and prodigiosin pigment in a dose-dependent manner. Further Insilico molecular docking studies along with molecular dynamic simulations run for 100 ns proved the stable binding affinity of flavone with QS-specific proteins which are crucial for biofilm formation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of flavone to target QS-signaling pathway to combat S.marcescens biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Pandey
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, 400098, India.
| | - Lawanya Rao
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, 400098, India.
| | - Bipin R Shekhar
- Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jahangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, India.
| | - Dhanjit K Das
- Stem Cell Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Jahangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai, India.
| | - Sirisha L Vavilala
- School of Biological Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari, Kalina Campus, Mumbai, 400098, India.
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2
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Li J, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Song J, Yang A, Wang M, Li Y, Wan M, Zhang C, Yang H, Bai Y, Wong WL, Pu H, Feng X. Multi-targeting oligopyridiniums: Rational design for biofilm dispersion and bacterial persister eradication. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107163. [PMID: 38306825 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of effective antibacterial drugs to combat bacterial infections, particularly the biofilm-related infections, remains a challenge. There are two important features of bacterial biofilms, which are well-known critical factors causing biofilms hard-to-treat in clinical, including the dense and impermeable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the metabolically repressed dormant and persistent bacterial population embedded. These characteristics largely increase the difficulty for regular antibiotic treatment due to insufficient penetration into EPS. In addition, the dormant bacteria are insensitive to the growth-inhibiting mechanism of traditional antibiotics. Herein, we explore the potential of a series of new oligopyridinium-based oligomers bearing a multi-biomacromolecule targeting function as the potent bacterial biofilm eradication agent. These oligomers were rationally designed to be "charge-on-backbone" that can offer a special alternating amphiphilicity. This novel and unique feature endows high affinity to bacterial membrane lipids, DNAs as well as proteins. Such a broad multi-targeting nature of molecules not only enables its penetration into EPS, but also plays vital roles in the bactericidal mechanism of action that is highly effective against dormant and persistent bacteria. Our in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies demonstrated that OPc3, one of the most effective derivatives, was able to offer excellent antibacterial potency against a variety of bacteria and effectively eliminate biofilms in zebrafish models and mouse wound biofilm infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Junfeng Song
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Anming Yang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Min Wang
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Muyang Wan
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yugang Bai
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Huangsheng Pu
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China; Nanhu Laser Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Xinxin Feng
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Nanomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology, and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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3
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Carrillo JFC, Boaretto AG, Santana DJ, Silva DB. Skin secretions of Leptodactylidae (Anura) and their potential applications. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20230042. [PMID: 38374940 PMCID: PMC10876013 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin of anuran species is a protective barrier against predators and pathogens, showing also chemical defense by substances that represent a potential source for bioactive substances. This review describes the current chemical and biological knowledge from the skin secretions of Leptodactylidae species, one of the most diverse neotropical frog families. These skin secretions reveal a variety of substances such as amines (12), neuropeptides (16), and antimicrobial peptides (72). The amines include histamine and its methylated derivatives, tryptamine derivatives and quaternary amines. The peptides of Leptodactylidae species show molecular weight up to 3364 Da and ocellatins are the most reported. The peptides exhibit commonly glycine (G) or glycine-valine (GV) as C-terminal amino acids, and the most common N-terminal amino acids are glutamic acid (E), lysine (K), and valine (V). The substances from Leptodactylidae species have been evaluated against pathogenic microorganisms, particularly Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and the most active peptides showed MIC of 1-15 µM. Furthermore, some compounds showed also pharmacological properties such as immunomodulation, treatment of degenerative diseases, anticancer, and antioxidant. Currently, only 9% of the species in this family have been properly studied, highlighting a large number of unstudied species such as an entire subfamily (Paratelmatobiinae). The ecological context, functions, and evolution of peptides and amines in this family are poorly understood and represent a large field for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F. C. Carrillo
- Program in Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Biosciences,
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Systematics and Biogeography of Amphibians and
Reptiles (Mapinguari), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso
do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM),
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University
of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Galdi Boaretto
- Program in Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Biosciences,
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Mass Spectrometry (LaPNEM),
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition (FACFAN), Federal University
of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Program in Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Biosciences,
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Systematics and Biogeography of Amphibians and
Reptiles (Mapinguari), Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso
do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Program in Ecology and Conservation, Institute of Biosciences,
Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Reed KB, Pruitt E, Hansa Raj KC, Sharma AR, Medina-Bolivar F, Shields RC. Effect of peanut stilbenoids, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3, on Streptococcus mutans growth and acid production. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38225899 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2302316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the effect of prenylated peanut stilbenoids on the growth, biofilm accumulation and acid production of the dental caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Prior research with the non-prenylated stilbenes, resveratrol and piceatannol, has shown that these molecules are active against S. mutans. Here we sought to determine if the addition of a prenyl group to the stilbene backbone increased anti-S. mutans activities. Two prenylated stilbenes, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3, were produced using a peanut hairy root production system. Compared to resveratrol and piceatannol, both arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 led to greater inhibition of S. mutans planktonic growth. This effect also led to reduced biofilm formation, by inhibiting growth, instead of a specific action against biofilm cells. Lastly, sub-MIC concentrations of arachidin-3 reduced the acid production of S. mutans above the 'critical pH' that leads to tooth enamel erosion. In summary, stilbenoids have anti-S. mutans activity, and prenylation enhances this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Bryant Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Erin Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - K C Hansa Raj
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Amit Raj Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
| | - Fabricio Medina-Bolivar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA
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5
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Žiemytė M, Lopez-Roldan A, Carda-Diéguez M, Reglero-Santaolaya M, Rodriguez A, Ferrer MD, Mira A. Personalized antibiotic selection in periodontal treatment improves clinical and microbiological outputs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1307380. [PMID: 38179425 PMCID: PMC10765594 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1307380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a biofilm-mediated disease that is usually treated by non-surgical biofilm elimination with or without antibiotics. Antibiotic treatment in periodontal patients is typically selected empirically or using qPCR or DNA hybridization methods. These approaches are directed towards establishing the levels of different periodontal pathogens in periodontal pockets to infer the antibiotic treatment. However, current methods are costly and do not consider the antibiotic susceptibility of the whole subgingival biofilm. Methods In the current manuscript, we have developed a method to culture subgingival samples ex vivo in a fast, label-free impedance-based system where biofilm growth is monitored in real-time under exposure to different antibiotics, producing results in 4 hours. To test its efficacy, we performed a double-blind, randomized clinical trial where patients were treated with an antibiotic either selected by the hybridization method (n=32) or by the one with the best effect in the ex vivo growth system (n=32). Results Antibiotic selection was different in over 80% of the cases. Clinical parameters such as periodontal pocket depth, attachment level, and bleeding upon probing improved in both groups. However, dental plaque was significantly reduced only in the group where antibiotics were selected according to the ex vivo growth. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing showed a larger reduction in periodontal pathogens and a larger increase in health-associated bacteria in the ex vivo growth group. Discussion The results of clinical and microbiological parameters, together with the reduced cost and low analysis time, support the use of the impedance system for improved individualized antibiotic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrés Lopez-Roldan
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Reglero-Santaolaya
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Community (FISABIO) Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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6
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Žiemytė M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Ventero-Martín MP, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Real-time monitoring of biofilm growth identifies andrographolide as a potent antifungal compound eradicating Candida biofilms. Biofilm 2023; 5:100134. [PMID: 37396463 PMCID: PMC10313501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida species cause life-threatening infections with high morbidity and mortality rates and their resistance to conventional therapy is closely linked to biofilm formation. Thus, the development of new approaches to study Candida biofilms and the identification of novel therapeutic strategies could yield improved clinical outcomes. In the current study, we have set up an impedance-based in vitro system to study Candida spp. biofilms in real-time and to evaluate their sensitivity to two conventional antifungal groups used in clinical practice - azoles and echinocandins. Both fluconazole and voriconazole were unable to inhibit biofilm formation in most strains tested, while echinocandins showed biofilm inhibitory capacity at relatively low concentrations (starting from 0.625 mg/L). However, assays performed on 24 h Candida albicans and C. glabrata biofilms revealed that micafungin and caspofungin failed to eradicate mature biofilms at all tested concentrations, evidencing that once formed, Candida spp. biofilms are extremely difficult to eliminate using currently available antifungals. We then evaluated the antifungal and anti-biofilm effect of andrographolide, a natural compound isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata with known antibiofilm activity on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Optical density measures, impedance evaluation, CFU counts, and electron microscopy data showed that andrographolide strongly inhibits planktonic Candida spp. growth and halts Candida spp. biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner in all tested strains. Moreover, andrographolide was capable of eliminating mature biofilms and viable cell numbers by up to 99.9% in the C. albicans and C. glabrata strains tested, suggesting its potential as a new approach to treat multi-resistant Candida spp. biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C Rodríguez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - María P Ventero-Martín
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
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Buchmann D, Schwabe M, Weiss R, Kuss AW, Schaufler K, Schlüter R, Rödiger S, Guenther S, Schultze N. Natural phenolic compounds as biofilm inhibitors of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli - the role of similar biological processes despite structural diversity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232039. [PMID: 37731930 PMCID: PMC10507321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant gram-negative pathogens such as Escherichia coli have become increasingly difficult to treat and therefore alternative treatment options are needed. Targeting virulence factors like biofilm formation could be one such option. Inhibition of biofilm-related structures like curli and cellulose formation in E. coli has been shown for different phenolic natural compounds like epigallocatechin gallate. This study demonstrates this effect for other structurally unrelated phenolics, namely octyl gallate, scutellarein and wedelolactone. To verify whether these structurally different compounds influence identical pathways of biofilm formation in E. coli a broad comparative RNA-sequencing approach was chosen with additional RT-qPCR to gain initial insights into the pathways affected at the transcriptomic level. Bioinformatical analysis of the RNA-Seq data was performed using DESeq2, BioCyc and KEGG Mapper. The comparative bioinformatics analysis on the pathways revealed that, irrespective of their structure, all compounds mainly influenced similar biological processes. These pathways included bacterial motility, chemotaxis, biofilm formation as well as metabolic processes like arginine biosynthesis and tricarboxylic acid cycle. Overall, this work provides the first insights into the potential mechanisms of action of novel phenolic biofilm inhibitors and highlights the complex regulatory processes of biofilm formation in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Buchmann
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Schwabe
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Romano Weiss
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Andreas W. Kuss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katharina Schaufler
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Infection Medicine, Christian-Albrecht University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rabea Schlüter
- Imaging Center of the Department of Biology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Sebastian Guenther
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nadin Schultze
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Akshaya BS, Premraj K, Iswarya C, Muthusamy S, Ibrahim HIM, Khalil HE, Gunasekaran V, Vickram S, Senthil Kumar V, Palanisamy S, Thirugnanasambantham K. Cinnamaldehyde inhibits Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and promotes clearance of its colonization by modulation of phagocytes in vitro. Microb Pathog 2023:106157. [PMID: 37268049 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nosocomial pathogen, Enterococcus faecalis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of variety of infections including endocarditis, urinary tract, and recurrent root canal infections. Primary virulence factors of E. faecalis such as biofilm formation, gelatinase production and suppression of host innate immune response can severely harm host tissue. Thus, novel treatments are needed to prevent E. faecalis biofilm development and pathogenicity due to the worrisome rise in enterococcal resistance to antibiotics. The primary phytochemical in cinnamon essential oils, cinnamaldehyde, has shown promising efficacy against a variety of infections. Here, we looked into how cinnamaldehyde affected the growth of biofilms, the activity of the enzyme gelatinase, and gene expression in E. faecalis. In addition, we looked at the influence of cinnamaldehyde on RAW264.7 macrophages' interaction with biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis in terms of intracellular bacterial clearance, NO generation, and macrophage migration in vitro. According to our research, cinnamaldehyde attenuated the biofilm formation potential of planktonic E. faecalis and gelatinase activity of the biofilm at non-lethal concentrations. The expression of the quorum sensing fsr locus and its downstream gene gelE in biofilms were also found to be significantly downregulated by cinnamaldehyde. Results also demonstrated that cinnamaldehyde treatment increased NO production, intracellular bacterial clearance, and migration of RAW264.7 macrophages in presence of both biofilm and planktonic E. faecalis. Overall these results suggest that cinnamaldehyde has the ability to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation and modulate host innate immune response for better clearance of bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasubramanian Sennammal Akshaya
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumar Premraj
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India
| | - Christian Iswarya
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India
| | - Suganthi Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hairul-Islam Mohamed Ibrahim
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Biological Science College of Science, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Ezzat Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Vaishnavi Gunasekaran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sundaram Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Venugopal Senthil Kumar
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, DOTE Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilkumar Palanisamy
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Sundararaja Nagar, Pondicherry, 605004, India; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India.
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9
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Lazar V, Oprea E, Ditu LM. Resistance, Tolerance, Virulence and Bacterial Pathogen Fitness-Current State and Envisioned Solutions for the Near Future. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050746. [PMID: 37242416 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The current antibiotic crisis and the global phenomena of bacterial resistance, inherited and non-inherited, and tolerance-associated with biofilm formation-are prompting dire predictions of a post-antibiotic era in the near future. These predictions refer to increases in morbidity and mortality rates as a consequence of infections with multidrug-resistant or pandrug-resistant microbial strains. In this context, we aimed to highlight the current status of the antibiotic resistance phenomenon and the significance of bacterial virulence properties/fitness for human health and to review the main strategies alternative or complementary to antibiotic therapy, some of them being already clinically applied or in clinical trials, others only foreseen and in the research phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Oprea
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 1-3 Portocalelor Street, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Abid N, Hamad E, Ibrahim M, Abid H. Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of taxifolin against vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). BAGHDAD JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.47419/bjbabs.v3i04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: The medicinal effects of flavonoids are widely described in the literature; however, their antimicrobial effects against antibiotic resistant bacteria are yet to be highlighted. This study was aimed at investigating the growth and biofilm inhibitory effects of taxifolin, a flavonoid, against vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA).
Methods: Seven VRSA isolates were used to assess the antimicrobial and antibiofilm influence of taxifolin. The agar-well diffusion method was used to determine the zones of inhibition caused by taxifolin, and resazurin-based microdilution technique was used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration. Crystal violet staining technique was used to assess the biomass of biofilms formed by the microorganisms. GraphPad Prism software was used to present the data in figures.
Results: Taxifolin inhibited bacterial growth in a dose-dependent fashion and reduced bacterial viability. It similarly attenuated the biofilm production activity of bacterial isolates in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions: Current findings suggest the antibacterial and antibiofilm influence of taxifolin against VRSA in a dose-dependent manner.
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11
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Targeting hydrophobicity in biofilm-associated protein (Bap) as a novel antibiofilm strategy against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Biophys Chem 2022; 289:106860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2022.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Ma R, Hu X, Zhang X, Wang W, Sun J, Su Z, Zhu C. Strategies to prevent, curb and eliminate biofilm formation based on the characteristics of various periods in one biofilm life cycle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1003033. [PMID: 36211965 PMCID: PMC9534288 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1003033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are colonies of bacteria embedded inside a complicated self-generating intercellular. The formation and scatter of a biofilm is an extremely complex and progressive process in constant cycles. Once formed, it can protect the inside bacteria to exist and reproduce under hostile conditions by establishing tolerance and resistance to antibiotics as well as immunological responses. In this article, we reviewed a series of innovative studies focused on inhibiting the development of biofilm and summarized a range of corresponding therapeutic methods for biological evolving stages of biofilm. Traditionally, there are four stages in the biofilm formation, while we systematize the therapeutic strategies into three main periods precisely:(i) period of preventing biofilm formation: interfering the colony effect, mass transport, chemical bonds and signaling pathway of plankton in the initial adhesion stage; (ii) period of curbing biofilm formation:targeting several pivotal molecules, for instance, polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA (eDNA) via polysaccharide hydrolases, proteases, and DNases respectively in the second stage before developing into irreversible biofilm; (iii) period of eliminating biofilm formation: applying novel multifunctional composite drugs or nanoparticle materials cooperated with ultrasonic (US), photodynamic, photothermal and even immune therapy, such as adaptive immune activated by stimulated dendritic cells (DCs), neutrophils and even immunological memory aroused by plasmocytes. The multitargeted or combinational therapies aim to prevent it from developing to the stage of maturation and dispersion and eliminate biofilms and planktonic bacteria simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zheng Su
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhu, ; Zheng Su,
| | - Chen Zhu
- *Correspondence: Chen Zhu, ; Zheng Su,
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13
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Flavonoid-Rich Fractions of Bauhinia holophylla Leaves Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation and Hyphae Growth. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11141796. [PMID: 35890430 PMCID: PMC9322443 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of the extract and fractions of Bauhinia holophylla on Candida albicans planktonic growth, biofilm formation, mature biofilm, and hyphae growth. Three C. albicans strains (SC5314, ATCC 18804, and ATCC 10231) were tested. The crude extract and the fractions were obtained by exhaustive percolation and liquid–liquid partition, respectively. Phytochemical analyses of B. holophylla extract and fractions were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array detector and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS). A microdilution assay was used to evaluate the effect of the B. holophylla extract and fractions on C. albicans planktonic growth, and crystal violet staining was used to measure the total biomass of the biofilm. Hyphae growth was analyzed using light microscopy. Thirteen flavonoids were identified, with a predominance of the flavonol-3-O-glycoside type based on quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. Flavonoid-rich fractions of B. holophylla leaves displayed antifungal activity and inhibited both biofilm formation and hyphae growth in all the tested strains, but were not effective on C. albicans planktonic growth and mature biofilm. This study indicates that flavonoid-rich fractions from B. holophylla leaves interfere with the virulence of Candida species and support the use of Bauhinia spp. in folk medicine to treat infections.
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14
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Kocovic A, Jeremic J, Bradic J, Sovrlic M, Tomovic J, Vasiljevic P, Andjic M, Draginic N, Grujovic M, Mladenovic K, Baskic D, Popovic S, Matic S, Zivkovic V, Jeremic N, Jakovljevic V, Manojlovic N. Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Extracts of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla Lichen from Stara Planina, Serbia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1624. [PMID: 35807576 PMCID: PMC9269301 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify some of the secondary metabolites present in acetonic, methanolic, and hexanic extracts of lichen Xanthoparmelia stenophylla and to examine their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. Compounds of the depsid structure of lecanoric acid, obtusic acid, and atranorin as well as usnic acid with a dibenzofuran structure were identified in the extracts by HPLC. The acetone extract was shown to have the highest total phenolic (167.03 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (178.84 ± 0.93 mg QE/g) as well as the best antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 81.22 ± 0.54). However, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm tests showed the best activity of hexanic extract, especially against strains of B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MIC < 0.08, and 0.3125 mg/mL, respectively). Additionally, by using the MTT method, the acetonic extract was reported to exhibit a strong cytotoxic effect on the HeLa and HCT-116 cell lines, especially after 72 h (IC50 = 21.17 ± 1.85 and IC50 = 21.48 ± 3.55, respectively). The promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla extracts shown in the current study should be further investigated in vivo and under clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kocovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Jovana Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Jovana Bradic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Miroslav Sovrlic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Jovica Tomovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Perica Vasiljevic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Marijana Andjic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Nevena Draginic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
- Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mirjana Grujovic
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarina Mladenovic
- Department of Science, Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (M.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Dejan Baskic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.B.); (S.P.)
- Institute of Public Health Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Suzana Popovic
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (D.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Sanja Matic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Human Pathology, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia;
| | - Nedeljko Manojlovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia; (A.K.); (J.B.); (M.S.); (J.T.); (M.A.); (N.D.); (S.M.); (N.J.); (N.M.)
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Polyphenols as Inhibitors of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria-Mechanisms Underlying Rutin Interference with Bacterial Virulence. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030385. [PMID: 35337182 PMCID: PMC8952364 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms urges novel antimicrobials development with polyphenols as appealing potential therapeutics. We aimed to reveal the most promising polyphenols among hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, taxifolin, rutin, isoquercitrin, morin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and gallic acid based on antimicrobial capacity, antibiofilm potential, and lack of cytotoxicity towards HaCaT, and to further test its antivirulence mechanisms. Although the majority of studied polyphenols were able to inhibit bacterial growth and biofilm formation, the most promising activities were observed for rutin. Further investigation proved rutin’s ability to prevent/eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA urinary catheter biofilms. Besides reduction of biofilm biomass, rutin antibiofilm mechanisms included reduction of cell viability, exopolysaccharide, and extracellular DNA levels. Moderate reduction of bacterial adhesion to human keratinocytes upon treatment was observed. Rutin antivirulence mechanisms included an impact on P. aeruginosa protease, pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, and elastase production and the downregulation of the lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, pqsA and mvfR genes. Rutin also interfered with membrane permeability. Polyphenols could repress antibiotic resistant bacteria. Rutin has shown wide antimicrobial and antibiofilm capacity employing a range of mechanisms that might be used for the development of novel antimicrobials.
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16
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Antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects of nanoscale multifunctional cationic alternating copolymers. Bioorg Chem 2021; 119:105550. [PMID: 34920337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by new or unknown bacteria and viruses, such as anthrax, cholera, tuberculosis and even COVID-19, are a major threat to humanity. Thus, the development of new synthetic compounds with efficient antimicrobial activity is a necessity. Herein, rationally designed novel multifunctional cationic alternating copolymers were directly synthesized through a step-growth polymerization reaction using a bivalent electrophilic cross-linker containing disulfide bonds and a diamine heterocyclic ring. To optimize the activity of these alternating copolymers, several different diamines and cross-linkers were explored to find the highest antibacterial effects. The synthesized nanopolymers not only displayed good to excellent antibacterial activity as judged by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, but also reduced the number of biofilm cells even at low concentrations, without killing mammalian cells. Furthermore, in vivo experiments using infected burn wounds in mice demonstrated good antibacterial activity and stimulated wound healing, without causing systemic inflammation. These findings suggest that the multifunctional cationic nanopolymers have potential as a novel antibacterial agent for eradication of multidrug resistant bacterial infections.
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17
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Žiemytė M, Carda-Diéguez M, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Ventero MP, Mira A, Ferrer MD. Real-time monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth dynamics and persister cells' eradication. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:2062-2075. [PMID: 34663186 PMCID: PMC8583918 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1994355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation and the appearance of persister cells with low metabolic rates are key factors affecting conventional treatment failure and antibiotic resistance. Using impedance-based measurements, crystal violet staining and traditional culture we have studied the biofilm growth dynamics of 13 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains under the effect of seven conventional antibiotics. Real-time growth quantifications revealed that the exposure of established P. aeruginosa biofilms to certain concentrations of ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and tobramycin induced the emergence of persister cells, that showed different morphology and pigmentation, as well increased antibiotic resistance. Whole-genome sequencing of wildtype and persister cells identified several SNPs, a genomic inversion and a genomic duplication in one of the strains. However, these mutations were not uniquely associated with persisters, suggesting that the persistent phenotype may be related to metabolic and transcriptional changes. Given that mannitol has been proposed to activate bacterial metabolism, the synergistic combination of mannitol and ciprofloxacin was evaluated on clinical 48 h P. aeruginosa biofilms. When administered at doses ≥320 mg/L, mannitol was capable of preventing persister cell formation by efficiently activating dormant bacteria and making them susceptible to the antibiotic. These results were confirmed using viable colony counting. As the tested ciprofloxacin-mannitol combination appeared to fully eradicate mature biofilms, we conclude that impedance-based biofilm diagnostics, which permits antibiotic susceptibility testing and the identification of persister cells, is of great potential for the clinical practice and could aid in establishing treatment breakpoints for emerging biofilm-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Žiemytė
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Juan C. Rodríguez-Díaz
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria P. Ventero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D. Ferrer
- Genomics & Health Department, FISABIO Foundation, Valencia, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Antischistosomal Activity of Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott (Araceae) Leaf Extracts. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With a broad ethnopharmacological tradition in Brazil, Montrichardia linifera has been reported as a potent antirheumatic, antimicrobial, and antiprotozoan agent. However, there is a lack of studies on its effect on bacterial biofilm formation and Schistosoma mansoni worms. This study reports the effects of antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antischistosomal properties of leaf extracts of M. linifera. Phytochemical screening and identification of the main compounds of the extracts were performed. All the extracts evaluated showed antibacterial activity at the concentrations tested. We checked for the presence of flavonoids and derivatives of phenolic acids by the presence of spectra with bands characteristic of these classes in the sample analyzed. The antibacterial assays showed that the best MICs corresponded to 125 µg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 in all fractions. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed the ability to inhibit biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25123. For the antischistosomal activity, only the acetone and ethyl acetate extracts had a significant effect against helminths, with potent activity at a concentration of 50 µg/mL, killing 100% of the worms after 72 h of incubation. The M. linifera leaf extracts showed antibacterial activity, biofilm inhibition capacity, and anthelmintic activity against S. mansoni.
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19
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Antequera‐Gómez ML, Díaz‐Martínez L, Guadix JA, Sánchez‐Tévar AM, Sopeña‐Torres S, Hierrezuelo J, Doan HK, Leveau JH, de Vicente A, Romero D. Sporulation is dispensable for the vegetable-associated life cycle of the human pathogen Bacillus cereus. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 14:1550-1565. [PMID: 33955675 PMCID: PMC8313275 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a common food-borne pathogen that is responsible for important outbreaks of food poisoning in humans. Diseases caused by B. cereus usually exhibit two major symptoms, emetic or diarrheic, depending on the toxins produced. It is assumed that after the ingestion of contaminated vegetables or processed food, spores of enterotoxigenic B. cereus reach the intestine, where they germinate and produce the enterotoxins that are responsible for food poisoning. In our study, we observed that sporulation is required for the survival of B. cereus in leaves but is dispensable in ready-to-eat vegetables, such as endives. We demonstrate that vegetative cells of B. cereus that are originally impaired in sporulation but not biofilm formation are able to reach the intestine and cause severe disorders in a murine model. Furthermore, our findings emphasise that the number of food poisoning cases associated with B. cereus is underestimated and suggest the need to revise the detection protocols, which are based primarily on spores and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luisa Antequera‐Gómez
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaBulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos)Málaga29071Spain
| | - Luis Díaz‐Martínez
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaBulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos)Málaga29071Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Guadix
- Departamento de Biología AnimalFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga ‐ IBIMACampus de Teatinos s/nMálaga29071Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND)Junta de AndalucíaUniversidad de MálagaC/ Severo Ochoa 35Campanillas (Málaga)29590Spain
| | - Ana María Sánchez‐Tévar
- Departamento de Biología AnimalFacultad de CienciasUniversidad de Málaga ‐ IBIMACampus de Teatinos s/nMálaga29071Spain
- Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (BIONAND)Junta de AndalucíaUniversidad de MálagaC/ Severo Ochoa 35Campanillas (Málaga)29590Spain
| | - Sara Sopeña‐Torres
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaBulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos)Málaga29071Spain
| | - Jesús Hierrezuelo
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaBulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos)Málaga29071Spain
| | - Hung K. Doan
- Department of Plant PathologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA
| | | | - Antonio de Vicente
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaBulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos)Málaga29071Spain
| | - Diego Romero
- Departamento de MicrobiologíaInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora"Universidad de Málaga‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaBulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de teatinos)Málaga29071Spain
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20
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Matilla-Cuenca L, Toledo-Arana A, Valle J. Anti-Biofilm Molecules Targeting Functional Amyloids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070795. [PMID: 34210036 PMCID: PMC8300730 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The choice of an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections is a significant issue. Amyloids, which have been historically related to human diseases, are now considered to be prevailing structural components of the biofilm matrix in a wide range of bacteria. This assumption creates the potential for an exciting research area, in which functional amyloids are considered to be attractive targets for drug development to dissemble biofilm structures. The present review describes the best-characterized bacterial functional amyloids and focuses on anti-biofilm agents that target intrinsic and facultative amyloids. This study provides a better understanding of the different modes of actions of the anti-amyloid molecules to inhibit biofilm formation. This information can be further exploited to improve the therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-related infections.
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Makarewicz M, Drożdż I, Tarko T, Duda-Chodak A. The Interactions between Polyphenols and Microorganisms, Especially Gut Microbiota. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:188. [PMID: 33525629 PMCID: PMC7911950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the comprehensive knowledge about the bidirectional relationship between polyphenols and the gut microbiome. The first part is related to polyphenols' impacts on various microorganisms, especially bacteria, and their influence on intestinal pathogens. The research data on the mechanisms of polyphenol action were collected together and organized. The impact of various polyphenols groups on intestinal bacteria both on the whole "microbiota" and on particular species, including probiotics, are presented. Moreover, the impact of polyphenols present in food (bound to the matrix) was compared with the purified polyphenols (such as in dietary supplements) as well as polyphenols in the form of derivatives (such as glycosides) with those in the form of aglycones. The second part of the paper discusses in detail the mechanisms (pathways) and the role of bacterial biotransformation of the most important groups of polyphenols, including the production of bioactive metabolites with a significant impact on the human organism (both positive and negative).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Duda-Chodak
- Department of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-149 Kraków, Poland; (M.M.); (I.D.); (T.T.)
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22
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Inhibition of Biofilm Formation by the Synergistic Action of EGCG-S and Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020102. [PMID: 33494273 PMCID: PMC7909832 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm, a stress-induced physiological state, is an established means of antimicrobial tolerance. A perpetual increase in multidrug resistant (MDR) infections associated with high mortality and morbidity have been observed in healthcare settings. Multiple studies have indicated that the use of natural products can prevent bacterial growth. Recent studies in the field have identified that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea polyphenol, could disrupt bacterial biofilms. A modified lipid-soluble EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate-stearate (EGCG-S), has enhanced the beneficial properties of green tea. This study focuses on utilizing EGCG-S as a novel synergistic agent with antibiotics to prevent or control biofilm. Different formulations of EGCG-S and selected antibiotics were used to study their combinatorial effects on biofilms produced by five potential pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis. The crystal violet (CV) assay and the sensitive fluorescence-based resazurin biofilm viability assay were used to assess the biofilm production. Our results identified optimal formulation for each bacterium, effectively inhibiting biofilm formation to an extent of 95-99%. Colony-forming unit (CFU) and cell viability analyses showed a decrease of viable bacteria. These results depict the potential of EGCG-S as a synergistic agent with antibiotics and as an anti-biofilm agent.
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