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Copiz GI, Ibañez C, Piñera C, Cordova L, Payá E, Leal P, Villena R. Outcome of Infants Born to Women with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Local Risk-Based Strategy in a Low Prevalence Country. Matern Child Health J 2024; 28:767-774. [PMID: 38358537 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-024-03909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis-B virus (HBV) infection due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during the perinatal period is an important global health concern. Chile is a low-prevalence country with an increasing migratory inflow from Latin- American countries, with intermediate to high endemic rates of HBV infection, and until 2021, there is no universal maternal screening. This study aimed to evaluate infant outcomes using a risk-based strategy of maternal screening to prevent MTCT of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a low-prevalence country. METHODS This prospective study included infants born to HBsAg-positive women detected using a local risk-based strategy. The exposed infants received immunoprophylaxis (IP) and follow-up to evaluate their clinical outcomes and immune responses through post-serological vaccine testing (PSVT) after completing the three- dose schedule of the HBV vaccine. RESULTS A total of 99 HBsAg-positive mothers were detected. Seventy-six (82%) infants completed the follow-up and had PSVT between 9 and 12 months of age. 55.2% female, the median gestational age was 39 weeks (25-41) and the median birth weight was 3,130g (816-4,400 g). All patients received IP with recombinant HBV vaccine plus hepatitis-B virus immunoglobulin (HBIG) and three doses of the HBV vaccine. There were no cases of HBV infection, and 96% (72) responded to immunization with HBsAg antibodies (anti-HBsAg) >10 UI/ml, with a median level of 799 IU/ml. CONCLUSIONS A high-risk strategy can be implemented in countries with non-universal screening for VHB. Timely IP plus high-uptake VHB vaccination in infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers was associated with a high immunogenic response and absence of MTCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giannina Izquierdo Copiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Maternity Ward and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Complejo Asistencial Barros Luco, Santiago, Chile.
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Carolina Ibañez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Piñera
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Cordova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto Payá
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Leal
- Infection Control Department, Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Villena
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital de niños Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile
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Silva CDA, Silva GRDC, Martins TLS, Moura WÉA, Gomes DO, Bandeira GN, Carneiro MADS, Gonzalez RIC, Pacheco LR, Zanchetta MS, Lima JDORE, Teles SA, Caetano KAA. Getting knowledge to provide care: prevalence and factors associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections in immigrants from Goiás. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2024; 57:e20230034. [PMID: 38197674 PMCID: PMC10781298 DOI: 10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2023-0034en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in immigrants and refugees living in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, Goiás. METHOD This is a cross-sectional and analytical study. Data collection was carried out from July 2019 to January 2020 and 308 immigrants and refugees were included in the sample. All were underwent face-to-face interviews and were tested for HIV, Syphilis, and Hepatitis B, using rapid tests. RESULTS The general prevalence for any of the STIs investigated was 8.8% (95%CI 6.0% - 12.3%), being 5.8% (95%CI 3.6% - 8.9%) for Hepatitis B, 2.3% for Syphilis (95%CI 1.00% - 4.4%) and 0.7% for HIV (95%CI 0.1% - 2.1%). Multiple analysis, using logistic regression, showed that the variables male gender (OR = 2.7) and length of time living in Brazil (OR = 2.6) were significantly associated with STIs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that STIs are a health problem in immigrants/refugees, which appear to be enhanced with the length of migration in the country. Public policies that guarantee health care for this population shall be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Almeida Silva
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento
de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Winny Éveny Alves Moura
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento
de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Davi Oliveira Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento
de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Nolasco Bandeira
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento
de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Leonora Rezende Pacheco
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento
de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
| | | | | | - Sheila Araujo Teles
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Departamento
de Enfermagem, Goiânia, GO, Brasil
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Vincent JP, Nyamasege C, Wang S, Madec Y, Shimakawa Y. Prevalence of hepatitis B, C, and D virus infection in Haiti: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1099571. [PMID: 36711383 PMCID: PMC9874305 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1099571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viral hepatitis causes an important global health burden. In 2016, the World Health Assembly adopted an objective to globally eliminate this as a public health threat by 2030. However, significant gaps exist between countries in their progress. Haiti is the last country that has introduced infant hepatitis B vaccines into the routine immunization program in the Region of the Americas, and its schedule still does not incorporate birth dose vaccines. As the first step to raise awareness of viral hepatitis in this country, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV), C (HCV), and D (HDV) viruses in Haiti. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus for studies reporting the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HDV among Haitian, with no language restriction, published until November 30th, 2021. Prevalence was pooled via a random-effects meta-analysis using a generalized linear mixed model with the logit link. Results Of 453 articles retrieved, 25 studies were included: 16 reported the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), three for anti-HCV antibody, and six for both HBsAg and anti-HCV. No study was found for HDV prevalence. The pooled prevalence of HBsAg was 0.7% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.3-1.4, I 2 = 77.7%] among children, 3.5% (95% CI: 2.8-4.4, I 2 = 93.2%) in the general adult population and 7.4% (95% CI: 4.0-13.3, I 2 = 83.9%) in high-risk adult population. The pooled prevalence of anti-HCV antibody was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6-1.4, I 2 = 93.5%) among the general population and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.4-4.2, I 2 = 0.0%) in high-risk adult population. No study reported the prevalence of anti-HCV antibody exclusively in children. Interpretation The prevalence of blood-borne hepatitis, particularly that of HBV, is substantial in Haiti. The introduction of birth dose hepatitis B vaccines and improving access to testing and treatment services should be urgently considered to meet the elimination goal. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022298081, identifier: PROSPERO (CRD42022298081).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Perpétue Vincent
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Jeanne Perpétue Vincent ✉
| | - Carolyn Nyamasege
- Department of Health and Human Services, Institute for Health Policy and Practice, University of New Hampshire, Concord, NH, United States
| | - Su Wang
- Viral Hepatitis Program, Cooperman Barnabas Medical Center, Livingston, NJ, United States
| | - Yoann Madec
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Yusuke Shimakawa
- Unité d'Épidémiologie des Maladies Émergentes, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France,Yusuke Shimakawa ✉
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Baeza-Rivera MJ, Salazar-Fernández C, Manríquez-Robles D, Salinas-Oñate N, Smith-Castro V. Acculturative Stress, Perceived Social Support, and Mental Health: The Mediating Effect of Negative Emotions Associated with Discrimination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416522. [PMID: 36554406 PMCID: PMC9779091 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of perceived social support in the acculturation process of immigrants remains unclear. In this study, we jointly evaluated the associations between acculturative stress and negative emotions associated with discrimination as antecedents of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms in 283 immigrants living in Chile. Three competing models were tested via structural equation modelling to assess (1) the association among these variables and mental health symptoms and (2) to clarify the role of perceived social support. The third model was theoretically more adequate, showed a better fit, and explained 42.7% of the variance of mental health symptoms. In this model, perceived social support was associated with acculturative stress by reducing mental health symptomatology. Moreover, a direct relationship and an indirect relationship were found between acculturative stress (through negative emotions associated with discrimination) and mental health symptomatology. These results contribute to the understanding of the acculturation process experienced by immigrants in Chile and provide empirical evidence to be used to improve migration policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Baeza-Rivera
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile
- Laboratorio de Interacción, Cultura y Salud, Temuco 4813302, Chile
| | - Camila Salazar-Fernández
- Laboratorio de Interacción, Cultura y Salud, Temuco 4813302, Chile
- Departamento de Análisis de Datos, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco 4810101, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Diego Manríquez-Robles
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4813302, Chile
- Laboratorio de Interacción, Cultura y Salud, Temuco 4813302, Chile
| | - Natalia Salinas-Oñate
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Educación, Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811322, Chile
| | - Vanessa Smith-Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica
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Implications for Self-Management among African Caribbean Adults with Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112735. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health problems are common among individuals suffering from chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Self-management is essential in preventing NCD progression. Mental health problems can impede the ability to self-manage one’s NCDs. The African Caribbean population in the United States suffers from a high burden of NCDs and has unique societal factors that alter disease management. This systematic review aimed to better understand the burden of mental health problems among African Caribbean adults with one or more NCDs and explore the association between mental health disorders and the level of control of NCDs. A literature search was conducted for original research documenting the prevalence of mental illnesses in individuals with NCDs. Data were descriptively summarized. Fourteen studies met inclusion criteria. Three themes emerged: (1) prevalence of comorbid mental health problems and chronic NCDs; (2) factors that mitigate or mediate the association between mental health problems and chronic NCDs—(a) factors influencing self-management; (b) association between mental health and NCD outcome studies focused on (b1) risk factors and (b2) protective factors; and (3) varied results. Chronic disease self-management and disease outcomes are influenced by mental problems and the association is mitigated by complex factors in the African Caribbean population.
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