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Zhang L, Yu S, Guan Y, Wang D, Yang J, Li J, Zhao W, Zhang F. Dual intervention on the gut and skin microbiota attenuates facial cutaneous aging. Food Funct 2024; 15:4246-4261. [PMID: 38526064 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05473j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
The gut and skin microbiota are microbial barriers, resisting harmful foreign microorganisms and maintaining internal homeostasis. Dysbiosis of the gut and skin microbiota is involved in aging progression. However, interventions targeting facial skin wellness taking into account the gut-skin axis are scarce. In this study, the impact of an eight-week intervention with oral (O), topical (T), and both oral and topical (OT) xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) by regulating gut and skin microbiota on facial cutaneous aging was investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in females. An increase in the proportion of participants with skin rejuvenation was observed, along with a significant reduction in facial pores after OT intervention. The reduction of cutaneous Cutibacterium by OT intervention was greater than that in the O and T groups. These interventions can change the skin microbial structure. Intestinal Bifidobacterium was enriched only by dual treatment with oral and topical XOS. Function prediction analysis revealed a decrease in K02770 encoding fructose-1-phosphate kinase involved in de novo lipid synthesis from fructose with dual intervention, suggesting that inhibition of lipophilic Cutibacterium may contribute to reducing facial pores. Overall, the dual XOS intervention approach is most effective for improving both gut and skin microbiota, as well as facial skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liujing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Guan
- Huishan Community Health Service Center, Health Commission of Liangxi District, Wuxi, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingling Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Functional Food Clinical Evaluation Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Bioengineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Chinese Society of Nutritional Oncology, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang PC, Rajput D, Wang XF, Huang CM, Chen CC. Exploring the possible relationship between skin microbiome and brain cognitive functions: a pilot EEG study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7774. [PMID: 38565877 PMCID: PMC10987680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57649-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Human microbiota mainly resides on the skin and in the gut. Human gut microbiota can produce a variety of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that affect many physiological functions and most importantly modulate brain functions through the bidirectional gut-brain axis. Similarly, skin microorganisms also have identical metabolites of SCFAs reported to be involved in maintaining skin homeostasis. However, it remains unclear whether these SCFAs produced by skin bacteria can affect brain cognitive functions. In this study, we hypothesize that the brain's functional activities are associated with the skin bacterial population and examine the influence of local skin-bacterial growth on event-related potentials (ERPs) during an oddball task using EEG. Additionally, five machine learning (ML) methods were employed to discern the relationship between skin microbiota and cognitive functions. Twenty healthy subjects underwent three rounds of tests under different conditions-alcohol, glycerol, and water. Statistical tests confirmed a significant increase in bacterial population under water and glycerol conditions when compared to the alcohol condition. The metabolites of bacteria can turn phenol red from red-orange to yellow, confirming an increase in acidity. P3 amplitudes were significantly enhanced in response to only oddball stimulus at four channels (Fz, FCz, and Cz) and were observed after the removal of bacteria when compared with that under the water and glycerol manipulations. By using machine learning methods, we demonstrated that EEG features could be separated with a good accuracy (> 88%) after experimental manipulations. Our results suggest a relationship between skin microbiota and brain functions. We hope our findings motivate further study into the underlying mechanism. Ultimately, an understanding of the relationship between skin microbiota and brain functions can contribute to the treatment and intervention of diseases that link with this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Daniyal Rajput
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Central University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Fu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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3
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Goenka S. Exploring the effect of butyric acid, a metabolite from periodontopathic bacteria, on primary human melanocytes: An in vitro study. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:253-259. [PMID: 38215819 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Effects of butyric acid, a bacterial metabolite implicated in periodontitis progression, have never been examined on oral melanocytes. Herein, primary human epidermal melanocytes were used as a model for oral melanocytes. Results show the adverse effects of butyric acid (sodium butyrate; NaB) on them, which comprise marked cytotoxicity at higher concentrations (>1 mM) and robust differentiation at lower nontoxic concentrations. NaB did not alter MITF protein levels; however, it stimulated tyrosinase protein synthesis and inhibited tyrosinase activity, with no changes in cellular melanin. NaB did not affect oxidative stress, although it induced significant levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Goenka
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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4
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Jacques C, Bacqueville D, Jamin EL, Maitre M, Delsol C, Simcic-Mori A, Bianchi P, Noustens A, Jouanin I, Debrauwer L, Bessou-Touya S, Stockfleth E, Duplan H. Multi-omics approach to understand the impact of sun exposure on an in vitro skin ecosystem and evaluate a new broad-spectrum sunscreen. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:477-490. [PMID: 37485720 DOI: 10.1111/php.13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A reconstructed human epidermal model (RHE) colonized with human microbiota and sebum was developed to reproduce the complexity of the skin ecosystem in vitro. The RHE model was exposed to simulated solar radiation (SSR) with or without SPF50+ sunscreen (with UVB, UVA, long-UVA, and visible light protection). Structural identification of discriminant metabolites was acquired by nuclear magnetic resonance and metabolomic fingerprints were identified using reverse phase-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Over 50 metabolites were significantly altered by SSR (p < 0.05, log2 values), showing high skin oxidative stress (glutathione and purine pathways, urea cycle) and altered skin microbiota (branched-chain amino acid cycle and tryptophan pathway). 16S and internal transcribed spacer rRNA sequencing showed the relative abundance of various bacteria and fungi altered by SSR. This study identified highly accurate metabolomic fingerprints and metagenomic modifications of sun-exposed skin to help elucidate the interactions between the skin and its microbiota. Application of SPF50+ sunscreen protected the skin ecosystem model from the deleterious effects of SSR and preserved the physiological interactions within the skin ecosystem. These innovative technologies could thus be used to evaluate the effectiveness of sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Jacques
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Bacqueville
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Martine Maitre
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Aimée Simcic-Mori
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Pascale Bianchi
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Anais Noustens
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- MetaboHUB-MetaToul, National Infrastructure of Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Bessou-Touya
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
| | - Eggert Stockfleth
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmetics and Personal Care, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France
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Duber A, Zagrodnik R, Juzwa W, Gutowska N, Oleskowicz-Popiel P. Simultaneous medium chain carboxylic acids and 1,3-propanediol production in a bioaugmented lactate-based chain elongation induced with glycerol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 393:130123. [PMID: 38042435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the impact of the bioaugmentation on chain elongation process using glycerol, lactate and lactose as substrates in an open culture fermentation. In the batch trials the highest selectivity for chain elongation product, i.e. caproate, was observed in trials inoculated with co-culture of Megasphaera elsdenii and Eubacterium limosum grown on glycerol (28.6%), and in non-bioaugmented open culture run on lactose + lactate (14.8%). The results showed that E. limosum, out of two bioaugmented strains, was able to survive in the open culture. A continuous open culture fermentation of glycerol led to caproate and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) formation, while lactate addition led to 1,3-PDO and short chain carboxylates production. Moving the process into batch mode triggered even-carbon chain elongation. Presence of E. limosum promoted odd-carbon chain elongation and valerate production. Imaging flow cytometry combined with machine learning enabled the discrimination of Eubacterium cells from other microbial strains during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duber
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Roman Zagrodnik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Juzwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48, 60-627 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natalia Gutowska
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Piotr Oleskowicz-Popiel
- Water Supply and Bioeconomy Division, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
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Park HA, Seo H, Kim S, Haq AU, Bae SH, Lee HJ, Ju SH, Tajdozian H, Rahim MA, Ghorbanian F, Barman I, Yoon Y, Jo S, Lee Y, Cho G, Jo H, Kim M, Lee S, Song HY. Clinical effect of Pediococcus acidilactici PMC48 on hyperpigmented skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:215-226. [PMID: 37381171 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excessive production and accumulation of melanin in the epidermal skin layer can result in skin hyperpigmentation and darkening. Current technologies for regulating melanin are based on inhibiting melanin biosynthesis. They have low effectiveness and safety issues. AIMS This study aimed to evaluate the potential role of Pediococcus acidilactici PMC48 as a probiotic strain in medicines and cosmetics for skin treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Meanwhile, our research team has reported that P. acidilactici PMC48 strain isolated from sesame leaf kimchi can directly decompose the already synthesized melanin. It can also inhibit melanin biosynthesis. In the present study, we investigated the skin-whitening effect of this strain by arranging an 8-week clinical trial with 22 participants. PMC48 was applied to each participant's artificially UV-induced tanned skin in the clinical trial. Its whitening effect was investigated based on visual evaluation, skin brightness, and melanin index. RESULTS PMC48 showed a significant effect on the artificially induced pigmented skin. The color intensity of the tanned skin was decreased by 47.647%, and skin brightness was increased by 8.098% after the treatment period. PMC48 also significantly decreased the melanin index by 11.818%, indicating its tyrosinase inhibition capacity. Also, PMC48 improved skin moisture content level by 20.943%. Additionally, 16S rRNA-based amplicon sequencing analysis showed a distinct increase in Lactobacillaceae in the skin by up to 11.2% at the family level without affecting other skin microbiota. Furthermore, it showed no toxicity in in vitro or in vivo analyses. DISCUSSION These results indicate that P. acidilactici PMC48 is a promising probiotic strain that can be used to develop medicines and cosmetic products to solve skin-related problems. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that P. acidilactici PMC48 can be a potential probiotic for the cosmetic industry against different skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-A Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Asad Ul Haq
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Sung Hae Bae
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Se Hee Ju
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Hanieh Tajdozian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Fatemeh Ghorbanian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Indrajeet Barman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Youjin Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Sujin Jo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Youngkyoung Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | | | | | - Mijung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea
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7
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Almoughrabie S, Cau L, Cavagnero K, O’Neill AM, Li F, Roso-Mares A, Mainzer C, Closs B, Kolar MJ, Williams KJ, Bensinger SJ, Gallo RL. Commensal Cutibacterium acnes induce epidermal lipid synthesis important for skin barrier function. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6262. [PMID: 37595033 PMCID: PMC10438445 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid synthesis is necessary for formation of epithelial barriers and homeostasis with external microbes. An analysis of the response of human keratinocytes to several different commensal bacteria on the skin revealed that Cutibacterium acnes induced a large increase in essential lipids including triglycerides, ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. A similar response occurred in mouse epidermis and in human skin affected with acne. Further analysis showed that this increase in lipids was mediated by short-chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes and was dependent on increased expression of several lipid synthesis genes including glycerol-3-phosphate-acyltransferase-3. Inhibition or RNA silencing of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), but not PPARβ and PPARγ, blocked this response. The increase in keratinocyte lipid content improved innate barrier functions including antimicrobial activity, paracellular diffusion, and transepidermal water loss. These results reveal that metabolites from a common commensal bacterium have a previously unappreciated influence on the composition of epidermal lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Almoughrabie
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
- SILAB, Brive, France
| | | | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Alan M. O’Neill
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Fengwu Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Andrea Roso-Mares
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew J. Kolar
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Williams
- Department of Biological Chemistry, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J. Bensinger
- UCLA Lipidomics Lab, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard L. Gallo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA, USA
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8
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Han MH, Khan SA, Moon GS. Cutibacterium acnes KCTC 3314 Growth Reduction with the Combined Use of Bacteriophage PAP 1-1 and Nisin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1035. [PMID: 37370354 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acne has high psychological impacts recorded worldwide, from depression to suicide. To control acne infection, bacteriophage could be used in synergy or combination with antibiotics/antimicrobials. Bacteriophages are specific to their hosts without interfering with the normal skin microbes and have the ability to lyse bacterial cells. In this current study, the bacteriophage PAP 1-1 was isolated, characterized, and tested against the pathogenic acne-causing bacterium Cutibacterium acnes. Examination under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the newly isolated phage has a morphology typical of siphoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm based on complete genome sequences, revealed that PAP 1-1 clustered together with bacteriophages active to Propionibacterium acnes (now known as C. acnes), forming a distinct evolutionary lineage. The genomic analysis further identified the presence of an endolysin gene in PAP 1-1, suggesting its potential to regulate the growth of C. acnes. Subsequent experiments conducted in RCM broth confirmed the ability of PAP 1-1 to effectively control the proliferation of C. acnes. In combination with bacteriocin from Lactococcus lactis CJNU 3001 and nisin, PAP 1-1 greatly decreased the viable cell counts of C. acnes in the broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Han
- Major of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Shehzad Abid Khan
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Major of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
- 4D Convergence Technology Institute, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27909, Republic of Korea
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9
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Shashni B, Nagasaki Y. Short-chain fatty acid-releasing nano-prodrugs for attenuating growth and metastasis of melanoma. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:226-236. [PMID: 36736848 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as propionic and butyric acids, have been reported to possess anti-neoplastic effects; however, rapid renal clearance and high dose-based side effects limit their clinical translation. Hence, in this study, we have designed a new self-assembling nano-prodrugs that can effectively supply SCFAs: endogenous enzyme-metabolizable block copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)block-poly(vinyl ester) possessing several units of SCFAs conjugated as side chains via ester linkages. These amphiphilic polymers spontaneously self-assemble into nanostructures under aqueous conditions to form orally administrable nano-prodrugs (butyric acid: NanoBA and propionic acid: NanoPA). Herein, we show the therapeutic efficacy of SCFA nanoparticles (NanoSCFA) in a mouse model of metastasis (melanoma). Ad libitum intake of our NanoSCFA markedly demonstrated a decrease in the metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs compared with the effect observed after LMW SCFA administration with no discernible toxicity to the GI tract. In contrast, LMW SCFAs, even at a lower concentration than that of the NanoSCFA, facilitated villus atrophy. Taken together, our work suggests that the use of NanoSCFA as a therapeutic intervention for metastatic cancer is preferable over typical LMW SCFAs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Low-molecular-weight (LMW) short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have shown versatile therapeutic effects on various diseases, including anti-tumorigenesis effects. However, their clinical translation is limited due to their poor pharmacokinetic profile and adverse effects. To overcome these limitations, we have developed new amphiphilic block copolymer-based SCFA-prodrugs, which self-assemble into nanoparticles in aqueous media (NanoSCFA). SCFAs are covalently conjugated to the hydrophobic polymer segment via ester linkage, which can be enzymatically metabolized after oral administration. In the present study, we confirmed that ad libitum intake of NanoSCFAs retarded the growth and metastatic potential of B16-F10 tumors compared to the LMW SCFAs with negligible discernible toxicity, reflecting NanoSCFA as a preferable therapeutic intervention to LMW SCFA counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Shashni
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yukio Nagasaki
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Master's Program in Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan; Center for Research in Isotopes and Environmental Dynamics, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.
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10
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Rhee MS, Alqam ML, Jones BC, Phadungpojna S, Day D, Hitchcock TM. Characterization of a live Cutibacterium acnes subspecies defendens strain XYCM42 and clinical assessment as a topical regimen for general skin health and cosmesis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:1031-1045. [PMID: 36374551 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When formulating topical products to treat skin diseases and addressing general skin health and cosmesis, most of the focus has traditionally been placed on how any given ingredient may impact the structure, function, and health of human skin elements. However, recent research is beginning to highlight the importance of the skin microbiome in relation to certain skin conditions and general cosmesis. Cutibacterium acnes is one of the most prolific skin-specific bacterial species. Research has shown that the species is divided into subspecies, some of which are thought to be beneficial to the skin. This paper aims to determine the efficacy of strainXYCM42, a C. acnes subspecies defendens derived strain designed to improve the health and appearance of the skin. METHODS In vitro studies were performed on human keratinocyte and fibroblast monolayers, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and skin explants to elucidate the effects of live XYCM42 cells and their ferment on human skin cells and tissues. Subsequently, clinical studies were performed using XYCM42-based topical regimens designed to deliver and support the engraftment of live XYCM42 cells onto subjects' skin. Two studies were performed, a 3-week pilot study (n = 10) and a 8-week pivotal study (n = 121). In the latter, 32 subjects were enrolled for an in-clinic portion for efficacy evaluation, with clinic visits occurring at Baseline, Week 1, Week 4, and Week 8. RESULTS In vitro data suggest that XYCM42 and its ferment filtrate have potential to provide benefits to the skin via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and select antimicrobial activities. Clinical observation demonstrated that a XYCM42-containing regimen supports a healthy skin environment, promotes increased skin hydration, decreases erythema, calms the skin, and regulates sebum production. CONCLUSION These studies provide further evidence that specific strains of C. acnes, such as XYCM42, have a more beneficial function regarding skin health and appearance than was previously thought. Appropriate use of formulations derived from symbiotic strains within the skin microbiome can support the development of novel, beneficial topicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mun Su Rhee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Crown Laboratories, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mona L Alqam
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Crown Laboratories, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Brian C Jones
- Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Crown Laboratories, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sasima Phadungpojna
- Department of Product Development, Crown Laboratories, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Doris Day
- New York University Langone Health Medical Centers, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas M Hitchcock
- Department of Scientific Affairs, Crown Laboratories, Dallas, Texas, USA
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11
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The dynamic balance of the skin microbiome across the lifespan. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:71-86. [PMID: 36606709 PMCID: PMC9988004 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades research has centered on identifying the ideal balanced skin microbiome that prevents disease and on developing therapeutics to foster this balance. However, this single idealized balance may not exist. The skin microbiome changes across the lifespan. This is reflected in the dynamic shifts of the skin microbiome's diverse, inter-connected community of microorganisms with age. While there are core skin microbial taxa, the precise community composition for any individual person is determined by local skin physiology, genetics, microbe-host interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. As a key interface with the environment, the skin surface and its appendages are also constantly exchanging microbes with close personal contacts and the environment. Hormone fluctuations and immune system maturation also drive age-dependent changes in skin physiology that support different microbial community structures over time. Here, we review recent insights into the factors that shape the skin microbiome throughout life. Collectively, the works summarized within this review highlight how, depending on where we are in lifespan, our skin supports robust microbial communities, while still maintaining microbial features unique to us. This review will also highlight how disruptions to this dynamic microbial balance can influence risk for dermatological diseases as well as impact lifelong health.
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12
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Park JY, Lee JY, Kim Y, Kang CH. Latilactobacillus sakei Wikim0066 Protects Skin through MMP Regulation on UVB-Irradiated In Vitro and In Vivo Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030726. [PMID: 36771432 PMCID: PMC9919521 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) B exposure induces wrinkle formation, collagen fiber breakdown, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). UVB irradiation induces the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which affect the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). We confirmed the effects of Latilactobacillus sakei wikim0066 (wikim0066) on UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells and HR-1 hairless mice cells. wikim0066 restored the production of type I procollagen by regulating the expression of MMP-1 and -3, MAPK, AP-1, and NF-κB in UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells and HR-1 mice. Oral administration of wikim0066 alleviates wrinkle formation, epidermal thickness, and TEWL in UVB-irradiated HR-1 hairless mice. These results indicated that wikim0066 has the potential to prevent UVB-induced wrinkle formation.
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13
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Pedraza Barrera CA, Fuentes JL. Photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties of Cutibacterium acnes ecotypes native to terrestrial subsurface habitats. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad108. [PMID: 37822017 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites with skin-protective properties. This study aimed to investigate the photoprotective and antigenotoxic properties against UVB of extracts obtained from Cutibacterium acnes strains. Bacterial growth was measured spectrophotometrically and the constant maximum growth rate (μ) value to each strain, were calculated. In vitro photoprotection efficacy was evaluated using in vitro indices such as sun protection factor (SPFespectrophotometric) and critical wavelength (λc). UVB-antigenotoxicity was also evaluated using the SOS Chromotest. Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between SPFespectrophotometric and extract concentration and the %GI estimates. Among the studied strains, one showed low (6.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 14.9) and eight showed media (15.0 ≤ SPFespectrophotometric ≤ 29.9) UVB photoprotection efficacy. All of them resulted in broad-spectrum (UVA-UVB) photoprotection (λc > 370 nm). In total, two C. acnes ecotypes with different growth rates were evidenced, but the protective metabolites in the extracts were produced without the influence of growth rate. Photoprotective efficacy depended on the extract concentration and was correlated with antigenotoxicity. We demonstrated that C. acnes extracts can be used as sunscreen ingredients that reduce UVB-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Adolfo Pedraza Barrera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (COL0083849), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Calle 9na y carrera 27, Bucaramanga Santander, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética (COL0083849), Escuela de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS) Calle 9na y carrera 27, Bucaramanga Santander, Colombia
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14
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Chen H, Zhao Q, Zhong Q, Duan C, Krutmann J, Wang J, Xia J. Skin Microbiome, Metabolome and Skin Phenome, from the Perspectives of Skin as an Ecosystem. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:363-382. [PMID: 36939800 PMCID: PMC9712873 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skin is a complex ecosystem colonized by millions of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Skin microbiota is believed to exert critical functions in maintaining host skin health. Profiling the structure of skin microbial community is the first step to overview the ecosystem. However, the community composition is highly individualized and extremely complex. To explore the fundamental factors driving the complexity of the ecosystem, namely the selection pressures, we review the present studies on skin microbiome from the perspectives of ecology. This review summarizes the following: (1) the composition of substances/nutrients in the cutaneous ecological environment that are derived from the host and the environment, highlighting their proposed function on skin microbiota; (2) the features of dominant skin commensals to occupy ecological niches, through self-adaptation and microbe-microbe interactions; (3) how skin microbes, by their structures or bioactive molecules, reshape host skin phenotypes, including skin immunity, maintenance of skin physiology such as pH and hydration, ultraviolet (UV) protection, odor production, and wound healing. This review aims to re-examine the host-microbe interactions from the ecological perspectives and hopefully to give new inspiration to this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Chen
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Qi Zhao
- grid.27255.370000 0004 1761 1174Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 China
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Qian Zhong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Cheng Duan
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- grid.435557.50000 0004 0518 6318IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, D-40225 Germany
| | - Jiucun Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Jingjing Xia
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Guangzhou, 511458 China
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15
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Bai W, Yang P, Liu H, Zou Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Gu Z, Li Y. Boosting the Optical Absorption of Melanin-like Polymers. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Bai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Peng Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xianheng Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ye Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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16
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Jang J, Forbes VE, Sadowsky MJ. Probable role of Cutibacterium acnes in the gut of the polychaete Capitella teleta. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 809:151127. [PMID: 34688749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Capitella teleta, a marine polychaete that feeds on a refractory diet consisting of sediment, was shown to contain unique gut microbiota comprised of microbial functional groups involved in fermentation. Results of our previous studies showed that C. teleta's core gut microbiota were dominated by propionibacteria, and that these bacteria were more abundant in worms than in sediment and feces. In order to test the hypothesis that the worm nutritionally benefits from its gut microbiota, we identified, and genetically and biochemically characterized Cutibacterium acnes strains (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) that were isolated from the gut of C. teleta. Here we show that 13 worm-isolated Cutibacterium acnes strains primarily belonged to phylotype group IB, likely as a clonal population. We also provide evidence that all tested strains produced propionate and vitamin B12, which are essential host-requiring microbial metabolites. The presence of C. acnes in C. teleta was not unique to our worm culture and was also found in those obtained from geographically distant laboratories located in the U.S. and Europe. Moreover, populations of worm gut-associated C. acnes increased following antibiotic treatment. Collectively, results of this study demonstrated that C. acnes is a member of the worm's core functional microbiota and is likely selectively favored by the physiology and chemistry of the host gut environment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of C. acnes in the C. teleta gut. Our data strongly suggest that C. acnes, a bacterium previously studied as an opportunistic pathogen, can likely act as a symbiont in C. teleta providing the host essential nutrients for survival, growth, and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Jang
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Valery E Forbes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA.
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17
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Park H, Arellano K, Lee Y, Yeo S, Ji Y, Ko J, Holzapfel W. Pilot Study on the Forehead Skin Microbiome and Short Chain Fatty Acids Depending on the SC Functional Index in Korean Cohorts. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112216. [PMID: 34835341 PMCID: PMC8617931 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry skin is one of the indicators of a compromised skin barrier. An intact skin barrier is not only important to reserve the hydration within the epidermal tissue but also to protect our skin from environmental stressors and inhibit pathogen invasion; damage to the skin barrier may lead to inflammatory skin diseases. Some microbial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids may inhibit or destroy harmful bacteria and regulate the host immune system. The impact of the skin microbiome and short chain fatty acids on skin barrier function was studied in two groups of 75 participants each. The cohort was equally divided in dry and moist skin types, based on stratum corneum (SC) functionality index (SCFI), reflecting the ratio of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). A dry group represents a low SCFI and a moist group a high SCFI. Compared with the dry skin group, propionate and Cutibacterium levels (previously known as Propionibacterium acnes) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the moist group. Levels of Cutibacterium were negatively correlated with those of Staphylococcus (p < 0.0001) in both dry and moist groups. The moist group also had a significantly higher propionate concentration (p < 0.001). This study showed that the microbial community and short chain fatty acid concentration may be considered as significant determinants of the SCFI of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haryung Park
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea; (H.P.); (K.A.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- HEM Pharma Inc., Start-Up Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
| | - Karina Arellano
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea; (H.P.); (K.A.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuri Lee
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea; (H.P.); (K.A.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Subin Yeo
- HEM Pharma Inc., Start-Up Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
| | - Yosep Ji
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea; (H.P.); (K.A.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- HEM Pharma Inc., Start-Up Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
| | - Joontae Ko
- Boaz Medical Hospital, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
| | - Wilhelm Holzapfel
- Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea; (H.P.); (K.A.); (Y.L.); (Y.J.)
- HEM Pharma Inc., Start-Up Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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