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Wang Q, Xu Y, Du W, Yin Y, Wu X, Sun F, Ji R, Guo H. Divergence in the distribution of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in two soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:80154-80161. [PMID: 37294490 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27815-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the distribution of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is necessary for future risk evaluation of DEHP in agricultural soils. This study used 14C-labeled DEHP to examine its volatilization, mineralization, extractable residues, and non-extractable residues (NERs) incubated in Chinese typical red and black soil with/without Brassica chinensis L. Results showed that after incubated for 60 days, 46.3% and 95.4% of DEHP were mineralized or transformed into NERs in red and black soil, respectively. The distribution of DEHP in humic substances as NER descended in order: humin > fulvic acids > humic acids. DEHP in black soil was more bioavailable, with 6.8% of initial applied radioactivity left as extractable residues at the end of incubation when compared with red soil (54.5%). Planting restrained the mineralization of DEHP by 18.5% and promoted the extractable residues of DEHP by 1.5% for black soil, but no such restrain was observed in red soil. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the distribution of DEHP in different soils and develop the understanding for the risk assessments of PAEs in typical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Podbielska M, Kus-Liśkiewicz M, Jagusztyn B, Szpyrka E. Effect of microorganisms on degradation of fluopyram and tebuconazole in laboratory and field studies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:47727-47741. [PMID: 36745346 PMCID: PMC10097794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, chemical pesticides are the most widespread measure used to control crop pests and diseases. However, their negative side effects prompted the researchers to search for alternative options that were safer for the environment and people. Pesticide biodegradation by microorganisms seems to be the most reasonable alternative. The aim of the laboratory studies was to assess the influence of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum, used separately and combined together, on fluopyram and tebuconazole degradation. In field studies, the degradation of fluopyram and tebuconazole after the application of the biological preparation in apples was investigated. The results from the laboratory studies show that the greatest decomposition of fluopyram and tebuconazole was observed in tests with T. harzianum in a range of 74.3-81.5% and 44.5-49.2%, respectively. The effectiveness of fluopyram degradation by B. subtilis was 7.5%, while tebuconazole inhibited bacterial cell growth and no degradation was observed. The mixture of microorganisms affected the degradation of fluopyram in a range of 8.3-24.1% and tebuconazole in a range of 6.1-23.3%. The results from the field studies show that degradation increased from 3.1 to 30.8% for fluopyram and from 0.4 to 14.3% for tebuconazole when compared to control samples. The first-order kinetics models were used to simulate the residue dissipation in apples. For the determination of pesticide residues, the QuEChERS method for apple sample preparation was performed, followed by GC-MS/MS technique. Immediately after the treatments, the maximum residue level (MRL) values for tebuconazole were exceeded, and it was equal to 100.7% MRL for the Red Jonaprince variety and 132.3% MRL for the Gala variety. Thus, preharvest time is recommended to obtain apples in which the concentration of pesticides is below the MRL and which can be recognized as safe for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Podbielska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Kus-Liśkiewicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Jagusztyn
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewa Szpyrka
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang C, Li K, Tang W, Sun J, Wang X. Uptake, Translocation, and Fate of Carcinogenic Aristolochic Acid in Typical Vegetables in Soil-Plant Systems. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238271. [PMID: 36500364 PMCID: PMC9739334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
When Aristolochia plants wilt and decay, aristolochic acids (AAs) are released into the soil, causing soil contamination. It has been demonstrated that aristolochic acid can be accumulated and enriched in crops through plant uptake. However, there is a lack of systematic studies on the migration and accumulation of AAs in a realistic simulated soil environment. In this study, Aristolochia herbal extracts were mixed with soil for growing three typical vegetables: lettuce, celery, and tomato. The contents of AAs in the above-mentioned plants were determined by an established highly sensitive LC-MS/MS method to study the migration and accumulation of AAs. We found that AAs in the soil can be transferred and accumulated in plants. AAs first entered the roots, which were more likely to accumulate AAs, and partially entered the above-ground parts. This further confirms that AAs can enter the food chain through plants and can have serious effects on human health. It was also shown that plants with vigorous growth and a large size absorbed AAs from the soil at a faster rate. The more AAs present in the soil, the more they accumulated in the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, Jinan Engineering Laboratory for Multi-Scale Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); or (X.W.)
| | - Changhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Kan Li
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Weifang Tang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xikui Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
- Correspondence: (Y.W.); or (X.W.)
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Pereira de Freitas LV, de Paula Terra G, de Souza Santos S, Sicupira LC, Silvério FO. Optimization and validation of liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) for determining fluopyram fungicide in water samples using HPLC-DAD. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2945-2952. [PMID: 35861165 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01004f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluopyram is a fungicide and nematicide that belongs to the chemical group of benzamides, which act as succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) on the mitochondrial respiratory chain of fungi. Despite being well known in several countries, there are few studies involving the optimization and validation of extraction methods for determining fluopyram in water samples. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize and validate liquid-liquid extraction with low-temperature purification (LLE-LTP) to determine fluopyram fungicide in water samples using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). A two-level full factorial design was employed to optimize LLE-LTP which enabled achieving a recovery rate close to 100% and relative standard deviations (RSD) < 10.0%. The validation showed that the extraction method may be considered selective, precise, accurate, and linear in the range of 6.0 to 200 μg L-1. The LOD and LOQ were 4.0 and 6.0 μg L-1, respectively, proving the efficiency of this method for trace level determination of this fungicide in water samples. LLE-LTP coupled to HLPC-DAD analysis showed a matrix effect of less than 8% and it was applied in monitoring 20 environmental water samples, but no fluopyram residue was detected in the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Victor Pereira de Freitas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gleysson de Paula Terra
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silas de Souza Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Lázaro Chaves Sicupira
- Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 39447-790, Janaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Oliveira Silvério
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zhang Q, Ma C, Duan Y, Wu X, Lv D, Luo J. Determination and dietary intake risk assessment of 35 pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) from Hainan province, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5523. [PMID: 35365691 PMCID: PMC8975881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09461-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pesticide residues in cowpea raises serious health concerns. In this study, a novel, sensitive, high-performance method was developed to simultaneously analyze the residues of 35 pesticides in cowpea samples from growing areas in the Hainan province of China, from November 2018 to June 2021. The method employs modified QuEChERS sample pretreatment coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The limits of quantification of the 35 pesticides in the cowpea matrix ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 μg/kg. Twenty-seven of the 35 pesticides were detected, twelve of which are banned for use on legumes in China. Residues for ten pesticides in 17.1% of the samples exceeded their MRLs, with the highest exceedance of 380% observed in difenoconazole. Moreover, 80.8% of the samples contained one or more pesticide residues, with the most frequently detected pesticide being chlorfenapyr with a detection rate of 46.3%. In addition, the pesticide triazophos was detected through different years and regions. Notably, the chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of the detected pesticides, evaluated from the national estimated acceptable daily intake, was lower than 100% in Chinese people of different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China. .,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.
| | - Chen Ma
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Yun Duan
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Daizhu Lv
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Products, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
| | - Jinhui Luo
- Analysis and Test Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China.,Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Tropical Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Haikou, 571101, Hainan, China
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