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Linda TM, Aliska J, Feronika N, Melisa I, Juliantari E. Production of Exopolysaccharides and İndole Acetic Acid (IAA) by Rhizobacteria and Their Potential against Drought Stress in Upland Rice. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1239-1248. [PMID: 38783698 PMCID: PMC11239409 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2401.01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands are marginal agricultural lands due to highly acidic soil conditions and poor drainage systems. Drought stress is a big problem in peatlands as it can affect plants through poor root development, so technological innovations are needed to increase the productivity and sustainability of upland rice on peatlands. Rhizobacteria can overcome the effects of drought stress by altering root morphology, regulating stress-responsive genes, and producing exopolysaccharides and indole acetic acid (IAA). This study aimed to determine the ability of rhizobacteria in upland rice to produce exopolysaccharides and IAA, identify potential isolates using molecular markers, and prove the effect of rhizobacteria on viability and vigor index in upland rice. Rhizobacterial isolates were grown on yeast extract mannitol broth (YEMB) medium for exopolysaccharides production testing and Nutrient Broth (NB)+L-tryptophan medium for IAA production testing. The selected isolates identify using sequence 16S rRNA. The variables observed in testing the effect of rhizobacteria were germination ability, vigour index, and growth uniformity. EPS-1 isolate is the best production of exopolysaccharides (41.6 mg/ml) and IAA (60.83 ppm). The isolate EPS-1 was identified as Klebsiella variicola using 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The isolate EPS-1 can increase the viability and vigor of upland rice seeds. K. variicola is more adaptive and has several functional properties that can be developed as a potential bioagent or biofertilizer to improve soil nutrition, moisture and enhance plant growth. The use of rhizobacteria can reduce dependence on the use of synthetic materials with sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetty Marta Linda
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University. Kampus Bina Widya Km. 12, 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru, Riau Province 28293, Indonesia
| | - Jusinta Aliska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University. Kampus Bina Widya Km. 12, 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru, Riau Province 28293, Indonesia
| | - Nita Feronika
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University. Kampus Bina Widya Km. 12, 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru, Riau Province 28293, Indonesia
| | - Ineiga Melisa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University. Kampus Bina Widya Km. 12, 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru, Riau Province 28293, Indonesia
| | - Erwina Juliantari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Riau University. Kampus Bina Widya Km. 12, 5 Simpang Baru Pekanbaru, Riau Province 28293, Indonesia
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Castro-Severyn J, Fortt J, Sierralta M, Alegria P, Donoso G, Choque A, Avellaneda AM, Pardo-Esté C, Saavedra CP, Stoll A, Remonsellez F. Rhizospheric bacteria from the Atacama Desert hyper-arid core: cultured community dynamics and plant growth promotion. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0005624. [PMID: 38687070 PMCID: PMC11237387 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00056-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Atacama Desert is the oldest and driest desert on Earth, encompassing great temperature variations, high ultraviolet radiation, drought, and high salinity, making it ideal for studying the limits of life and resistance strategies. It is also known for harboring a great biodiversity of adapted life forms. While desertification is increasing as a result of climate change and human activities, it is necessary to optimize soil and water usage, where stress-resistant crops are possible solutions. As many studies have revealed the great impact of the rhizobiome on plant growth efficiency and resistance to abiotic stress, we set up to explore the rhizospheric soils of Suaeda foliosa and Distichlis spicata desert plants. By culturing these soils and using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we address community taxonomy composition dynamics, stability through time, and the ability to promote lettuce plant growth. The rhizospheric soil communities were dominated by the families Pseudomonadaceae, Bacillaceae, and Planococcaceae for S. foliosa and Porphyromonadaceae and Haloferacaceae for D. spicata. Nonetheless, the cultures were completely dominated by the Enterobacteriaceae family (up to 98%). Effectively, lettuce plants supplemented with the cultures showed greater size and biomass accumulation. We identified 12 candidates that could be responsible for these outcomes, of which 5 (Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Paenisporosarcina, and Ammoniphilus) were part of the built co-occurrence network. We aim to contribute to the efforts to characterize the microbial communities as key for the plant's survival in extreme environments and as a possible source of consortia with plant growth promotion traits aimed at agricultural applications.IMPORTANCEThe current scenario of climate change and desertification represents a series of incoming challenges for all living organisms. As the human population grows rapidly, so does the rising demand for food and natural resources; thus, it is necessary to make agriculture more efficient by optimizing soil and water usage, thus ensuring future food supplies. Particularly, the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) is considered the most arid place on Earth as a consequence of geological and climatic characteristics, such as the naturally low precipitation patterns and high temperatures, which makes it an ideal place to carry out research that seeks to aid agriculture in future conditions that are predicted to resemble these scenarios. Our main interest lies in utilizing microorganism consortia from plants thriving under extreme conditions, aiming to promote plant growth, improve crops, and render "unsuitable" soils farmable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Castro-Severyn
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua y Sustentabilidad en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Jonathan Fortt
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Mariela Sierralta
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Paola Alegria
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Gabriel Donoso
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Alessandra Choque
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Andrea M. Avellaneda
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua y Sustentabilidad en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Coral Pardo-Esté
- Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular y Microbiología Aplicada, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Claudia P. Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandra Stoll
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas CEAZA, La Serena, Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de la Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - Francisco Remonsellez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Aplicada y Extremófilos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Medio Ambiente, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Geológicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Tecnológica del Agua y Sustentabilidad en el Desierto-CEITSAZA, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
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Yang D, Zhang X, Li Z, Chu R, Shah S, Wang X, Zhang X. Antagonistic effect of Bacillus and Pseudomonas combinations against Fusarium oxysporum and their effect on disease resistance and growth promotion in watermelon. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae074. [PMID: 38632051 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to develop an effective bacterial combination that can combat Fusarium oxysporum infection in watermelon using in vitro and pot experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 53 strains of Bacillus and 4 strains of Pseudomonas were screened. Pseudomonas strains P3 and P4 and Bacillus strains XY-2-3, XY-13, and GJ-1-15 exhibited good antagonistic effects against F. oxysporum. P3 and P4 were identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, respectively. XY-2-3 and GJ-1-15 were identified as B. velezensis, and XY-13 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The three Bacillus strains were antifungal, promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and had genes to synthesize antagonistic metabolites such as bacilysin, surfactin, yndj, fengycin, iturin, and bacillomycin D. Combinations of Bacillus and Pseudomonas strains, namely, XY-2-3 + P4, GJ-1-15 + P4, XY-13 + P3, and XY-13 + P4, exhibited a good compatibility. These four combinations exhibited antagonistic effects against 11 pathogenic fungi, including various strains of F. oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Rhizoctonia. Inoculation of these bacterial combinations significantly reduced the incidence of Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoted plant growth, and improved soil nutrient availability. XY-13 + P4 was the most effective combination against Fusarium wilt in watermelon with the inhibition rate of 78.17%. The number of leaves; aboveground fresh and dry weights; chlorophyll, soil total nitrogen, and soil available phosphorus content increased by 26.8%, 72.12%, 60.47%, 16.97%, 20.16%, and 16.50%, respectively, after XY-13 + P4 inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Moreover, total root length, root surface area, and root volume of watermelon seedlings were the highest after XY-13 + P3 inoculation, exhibiting increases by 265.83%, 316.79%, and 390.99%, respectively, compared with the uninoculated control. CONCLUSIONS XY-13 + P4 was the best bacterial combination for controlling Fusarium wilt in watermelon, promoting the growth of watermelon seedlings, and improving soil nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongya Yang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Zhaoxuan Li
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Rui Chu
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Sadiq Shah
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Xiaozhuo Wang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- School of Wine and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Helanshan Xilu No. 489, Yinchuan 750021, China
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Thomas-Barry G, Martin CS, Ramsubhag A, Eudoxie G, Miller JR. Multi-trait efficiency and interactivity of bacterial consortia used to enhance plant performance under water stress conditions. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127610. [PMID: 38271775 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Water stress is a major limiting factor for agricultural production under current and projected climate change scenarios. As a sustainable strategy, plant growth-promoting bacterial consortia have been used to reduce plant water stress. However, few studies have examined the effects of stress on multi-trait efficiency and interactivity of bacterial species. In this study, we used several in-vitro experiments, plant assays and greenhouse trials to investigate the effects of stress and bacterial consortia on 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase (ACCD) activities, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production and plant growth-promoting traits (Phosphate-solubilization, starch hydrolysis, siderophores and ammonium production). We further assessed biofilm formation and the chemotactic behaviour in response to ACC. A total of fifteen ACCD rhizobacteria with multiple growth-promoting traits from the dominant plant species from the hyperseasonal Aripo Savannas were screened in this study. Five of the isolates were further analyzed based on their ACCD activities and were tested in single and dual consortium to assess their abilities in promoting growth under simulated drought stress (-0.35 MPa) and chemically induced ACC conditions (0.03 mM). Our findings showed that bacteria which produce high concentrations of IAA affected the isolates' ability to promote growth under stress, irrespective of microbial combination with ACCD activity above the minimal threshold of 20 nmol α-ketobutyrate mg-1 h-1. Biofilm production with co-culture interaction varied greatly across treatments, however, the general trend showed an increase in biofilm under stress induce conditions. The best performing co-culture, UWIGT-83 and UWIGT-120 (Burkholderia sp.) showed enhanced growth in germination assays and in greenhouse trials with Capsicum chinense (Moruga red hot peppers) under drought stress, when compared to non-inoculated treatments. The findings highlight the importance of testing interactivity of bacterial species with multiple growth promoting traits under stress conditions; and proposed the use of ACC growth media as a novel biofilm screening method for selecting potential stress plant growth-promoting bacteria. Better screening strategies for appropriate plant growth-promoting bacteria may narrow the inconsistency observed between laboratory and field trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gem Thomas-Barry
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Chaney St Martin
- Inter American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture, Couva, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Gaius Eudoxie
- Faculty of Food and Agriculture, Trinidad and Tobago.
| | - Judy Rouse Miller
- Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies at St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Acuña JJ, Rilling JI, Inostroza NG, Zhang Q, Wick LY, Sessitsch A, Jorquera MA. Variovorax sp. strain P1R9 applied individually or as part of bacterial consortia enhances wheat germination under salt stress conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2070. [PMID: 38267517 PMCID: PMC10808091 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52535-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Endophytes isolated from extremophile plants are interesting microbes for improving the stress tolerance of agricultural plants. Here, we isolated and characterized endophytic bacteria showing plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits from plants in two extreme Chilean biomes (Atacama Desert and Chilean Patagonia). Forty-two isolates were characterized as both halotolerant auxin producers (2-51 mg L-1) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-degrading bacteria (15-28 µmol αKB mg protein-1 h-1). The most efficient isolates were tested as single strains, in dual and triple consortia, or in combination with previously reported PGP rhizobacteria (Klebsiella sp. 27IJA and 8LJA) for their impact on the germination of salt-exposed (0.15 M and 0.25 M NaCl) wheat seeds. Interestingly, strain P1R9, identified as Variovorax sp., enhanced wheat germination under salt stress conditions when applied individually or as part of bacterial consortia. Under salt stress, plants inoculated with dual consortia containing the strain Variovorax sp. P1R9 showed higher biomass (41%) and reduced lipid peroxidation (33-56%) than uninoculated plants. Although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, our data suggest that the application of Variovorax sp. P1R9, alone or as a member of PGP consortia, may improve the salt stress tolerance of wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (MI-CGR), Valenzuela Puelma 10207, 7800003, La Reina, Chile
| | - Joaquin I Rilling
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Nitza G Inostroza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Lukas Y Wick
- Department of Applied Microbial Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraβe 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Bioresources Unit, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
- Network for Extreme Environment Research (NEXER), Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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BiBi A, Bibi S, Al-Ghouti MA, Abu-Dieyeh MH. Isolation and evaluation of Qatari soil rhizobacteria for antagonistic potential against phytopathogens and growth promotion in tomato plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22050. [PMID: 38086854 PMCID: PMC10716397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are a diverse group of microorganisms that enhance the growth of plants under various conditions. In this study, 55 isolates of endogenous rhizobacteria were collected from the rhizosphere of Avicennia marina, Suaeda vermiculata, Salsola soda, Anabasis setifera, Salicornia europaea, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Limonium axillare, Tetraena qatarensis, Aeluropus lagopoides, and Prosopis juliflora. The isolates were evaluated in-vitro for their antagonist potential against Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea using the dual culture technique, where the maximum growth inhibition reached 49% and 57%, respectively. In-vivo evaluation was accomplished to determine the growth-promoting potential of the rhizobacteria under greenhouse conditions where the strain ANABR3 (Bacillus subtilis) showed the strongest growth-promoting effects. Further in-vivo testing regarding the effectiveness of rhizobacteria in the presence of the phytopathogen was also completed using the Hoagland medium. LEMR3 and SALIR5 (both identified as two strains of B. subtilis) supported the tomato seedlings to overcome the disease and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased above and belowground biomass compared to the control. Additionally, several characterizing tests were carried out on the selected strains, these strains were found to possess numerous features that promote plant growth directly and indirectly such as the production of IAA, HCN, hydrolytic enzymes, ACC deaminase, NH3, and some rhizobacteria were capable of phosphate solubilization. In conclusion, this study showed that local rhizobacterial isolates collected from arid lands possess valuable traits, making them promising bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina BiBi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shazia Bibi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Scieances, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed H Abu-Dieyeh
- Biological Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box: 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Acuña JJ, Hu J, Inostroza NG, Valenzuela T, Perez P, Epstein S, Sessitsch A, Zhang Q, Jorquera MA. Endophytic bacterial communities in ungerminated and germinated seeds of commercial vegetables. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19829. [PMID: 37963999 PMCID: PMC10645892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chile is a prominent seed exporter globally, but the seed microbiome of vegetables (46% of seeds) and its role in the early stages of plant growth have remained largely unexplored. Here, we employed DNA metabarcoding analysis to investigate the composition and putative functions of endophytic bacterial communities in ungerminated and germinated seeds of the commercial vegetables Apiaceae (parsley and carrot), Asteraceae (lettuce), Brassicaceae (cabbage and broccoli), and Solanaceae (tomato). Bacterial quantification showed 104 to 108 copies of the 16S rRNA gene per gram of ungerminated and germinated seeds. Alpha diversity analysis (e.g., Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices) did not indicate significant differences (Kruskal-Wallis test) between ungerminated and germinated seeds, except for Solanaceae. However, beta diversity (PCoA) analysis showed distinctions (Adonis test) between ungerminated and germinated seeds, except Apiaceae. Pseudomonadota and Bacillota were identified as the dominant and specialist taxa in both ungerminated and germinated seed samples. Chemoheterotrophy and fermentation were predicted as the main microbial functional groups in the endophytic bacterial community. Notably, a considerable number of the 143 isolated endophytic strains displayed plant growth-promoting traits (10 to 64%) and biocontrol activity (74% to 82%) against plant pathogens (Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas). This study revealed the high variability in the abundance, diversity, composition, and functionality of endophytic bacteria between ungerminated and germinated seeds in globally commercialized vegetables. Furthermore, potential beneficial endophytic bacteria contained in their seed microbiomes that may contribute to the microbiome of the early stages, development, growth and progeny of vegetables were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelinne J Acuña
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (MI-CGR), Valenzuela Puelma 10207, 7800003, Santiago, La Reina, Chile
| | - Jingming Hu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Nitza G Inostroza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Tamara Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Perez
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
| | - Slava Epstein
- College of Science, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Konrad-Lorenz-Straße 24, 3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Qian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Laboratorio de Ecología Microbiana Aplicada (EMALAB), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Ave. Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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Lin L, Qin J, Zhang Y, Yin J, Guo G, Khan MA, Liu Y, Liu Q, Wang Q, Chang K, Mašek O, Wang J, Hu S, Ma W, Li X, Gouda SG, Huang Q. Assessing the suitability of municipal sewage sludge and coconut bran as breeding medium for Oryza sativa L. seedlings and developing a standardized substrate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118644. [PMID: 37478717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of organic solid waste (OSW) for preparing standardized seedling substrates is a main challenge due to its temporal and spatial variability. This study aims to form models based on data from the literature and validate them through experiments to explore a standardized seedling substrate. The typical OSW in Hainan Province, including municipal sewage sludge (MSS), coconut bran (CB), seaweed mud (SM), and municipal sewage sludge biochar (MSSB), was used as raw material. A series of six mixing ratios was tested, namely: T1 (0% MSS: 90% CB), T2 (10% MSS: 80% CB), T3 (30% MSS: 60% CB), T4 (50% MSS: 40% CB), T5 (70% MSS: 20% CB), and T6 (90% MSS: 0% CB). SM and MSSB were added as amendment materials at 5% (w/w) for each treatment. The physicochemical properties of substrates, agronomic traits of rice seedlings and microbial diversity were analyzed. The results showed that the four kinds of OSW played an active role in providing rich sources of nutrients. The dry weight of the above-ground part was 2.98 times greater in T3 than that of the commercial substrate. Furthermore, the microbial analysis showed a higher abundance of Actinobacteria in T3, representing the stability of the composted products. Finally, the successful fitting of the results with the linear regression models could establish relationship equations between the physicochemical properties of the substrate and the growth characteristics of seedlings. The relevant parameters suitable for the growth of rice seedlings were as follows: pH (6.46-7.01), EC (less than 2.12 mS cm-1), DD (0.13-0.16 g cm-3), and TPS (65.68-82.73%). This study proposed relevant parameters and models for standardization of seedling substrate, which would contribute to ensuring the quality of seedlings and OSW resource utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jiemin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China; School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Genmao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Muhammad Amjad Khan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Kenlin Chang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wenchao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Hainan Inspection and Detection Center for Modern Agriculture, Haikou, 570100, China
| | - Shaban G Gouda
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt
| | - Qing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province/Center for Eco-Environmental Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province/School of Ecology & Environment/State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea/ the Academician He Hong's Team Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province/ Key Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology of Haikou, Haikou, Hainan University, Hainan, 570228, China.
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9
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Rodríguez R, Barra PJ, Larama G, Carrion VJ, de la Luz Mora M, Hale L, Durán P. Microbiome engineering optimized by Antarctic microbiota to support a plant host under water deficit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1241612. [PMID: 37780522 PMCID: PMC10541027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change challenges modern agriculture to develop alternative and eco-friendly solutions to alleviate abiotic and/or biotic stresses. The use of soil microbiomes from extreme environments opens new avenues to discover novel microorganisms and microbial functions to protect plants. In this study we confirm the ability of a bioinoculant, generated by natural engineering, to promote host development under water stress. Microbiome engineering was mediated through three factors i) Antarctic soil donation, ii) water deficit and iii) multigenerational tomato host selection. We revealed that tomato plants growing in soils supplemented with Antarctic microbiota were tolerant to water deficit stress after 10 generations. A clear increase in tomato seedling tolerance against water deficit stress was observed in all soils over generations of Host Mediated Microbiome Engineering, being Fildes mixture the most representatives, which was evidenced by an increased survival time, plant stress index, biomass accumulation, and decreased leaf proline content. Microbial community analysis using 16s rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data suggested a microbiome restructuring that could be associated with increased tolerance of water deficit. Additionally, the results showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus and Bacillus spp. which could be key taxa associated with the observed tolerance improvement. We proposed that in situ microbiota engineering through the evolution of three factors (long-standing extreme climate adaption and host and stress selection) could represent a promising strategy for novel generation of microbial inoculants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Rodríguez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Agroscientific SpA, Temuco, Chile
| | - Patricio J. Barra
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Giovanni Larama
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | | | - María de la Luz Mora
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Lauren Hale
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, United States
| | - Paola Durán
- Biocontrol Research Laboratory, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Departamento de Producción Agropecuaria, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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10
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Wong CKF, Chong TY, Tan J, Wong WL. Isolation and Characterisation of Culturable Thermophilic Cyanobacteria from Perak Hot Springs and their Plant Growth Promoting Properties Effects on Rice Seedlings ( Oryza sativa L.). Trop Life Sci Res 2023; 34:1-22. [PMID: 37860094 PMCID: PMC10583845 DOI: 10.21315/tlsr2023.34.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaysia is home to a number of hot springs that are rich in microbial diversity including the photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Although this microbial community has been characterised based on metagenomics approach, the culturable thermophilic isolates have not been isolated and characterised extensively. Compared to the mesophiles, information on plant growth promoting (PGP) properties of these thermophiles remain largely untapped. As the amount of arable land for microbial bioprospecting is decreasing due to extensive human activities, the search for alternative source for microbial strains with PGP properties is important for the development of potential biofertilisers. This study sought to isolate and characterise culturable cyanobacteria strains from two local hot springs - Sungai Klah (SK) and Lubuk Timah (LT) located in Perak using morphological and molecular methods. The IAA production from the axenic cultures were measured. The PGP properties were also measured by priming the rice seeds with cyanobacterial water extracts. A total of six strains were isolated from both hot springs. Strains LTM and LTW from LT were identified as Leptolyngbya sp. whereas strains SEM, SEH, STH and STM were identified as Thermosynechococcus elongatus. All six strains produced IAA ranged from 670.10 pg/μL to 2010 pg/μL. The water extracts were found to increase the seed amylase activity of the rice seeds from 5th day of germination (DAG) to 10th DAG. In general, the IAA production and increased seed amylase activity might have contributed in enhancing the longest root length, shoot length and root-to-shoot (RS) ratio. To conclude, the thermophilic cyanobacteria from hot springs can be further exploited as a novel source of PGP microbes for the development of biofertilsers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Kiing Fook Wong
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar Perak, Malaysia
| | - Tzu Yee Chong
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ji Tan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar Perak, Malaysia
| | - Wey Lim Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre for Agriculture and Food Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900, Kampar Perak, Malaysia
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11
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Kumar P, Singh S, Pranaw K, Kumar S, Singh B, Poria V. Bioinoculants as mitigators of multiple stresses: A ray of hope for agriculture in the darkness of climate change. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11269. [PMID: 36339753 PMCID: PMC9634370 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant encounters various biotic and abiotic stresses, that affect agricultural productivity and reduce farmer's income especially under changing global climate. These environmental stresses can advance plant senescence by inducing osmotic stress, nutrient stress, hormonal imbalance, production of oxygen radicals, and ion toxicity, etc. Additionally, these stresses are not limited to plant health but also deteriorate soil health by affecting the microbial diversity of soil. To tackle this global delinquent of agriculture, several methods are suggested to ameliorate the negative effect of different types of stresses, the application of beneficial microorganisms or bioinoculants is one of them. Beneficial microorganisms that are used as bioinoculants not only facilitate plant growth by fulfilling the nutrient requirements but also assist the plant to withstand these stresses. These microorganisms produce certain chemicals such as 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, phytohormones, antioxidants, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), siderophores, antibiotics, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), etc. which help the plants to mitigate various stresses. Besides, these microbes also activate plant defence responses. Thus, these bioinoculants can effectively replace chemical inputs to supplement nutrient requirements and mitigation of multiple stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Kumar Pranaw
- Department of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa, 102-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Balkar Singh
- Department of Botany, Arya PG College, Panipat, Haryana, 132103, India
| | - Vikram Poria
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
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12
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Kour D, Khan SS, Kaur T, Kour H, Singh G, Yadav A, Yadav AN. Drought adaptive microbes as bioinoculants for the horticultural crops. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09493. [PMID: 35647359 PMCID: PMC9130543 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is among the most destructive stresses for agricultural productivity. It interferes with normal metabolic activities of the plants resulting, a negative impact on physiology and morphology of the plants. The management of drought stress requires various adaptive and alleviation strategies in which stress adaptive microbiomes are exquisite bioresources for plant growth and alleviation of drought stress. Diverse drought adaptive microbes belonging to genera Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Aspergillus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium and Streptomyces have been reported worldwide. These bioresources exhibit a wide range of mechanisms such as helping plant in nutrient acquisition, producing growth regulators, lowering the levels of stress ethylene, increasing the concentration of osmolytes, and preventing oxidative damage under water deficit environmental conditions. Horticulture is one of the potential agricultural sectors to speed up the economy, poverty and generation of employment for livelihood. The applications of drought adaptive plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes as biofertilizers and biopesticides for horticulture is a potential strategy to improve the productivity and protection of horticultural crops from abiotic and biotic stresses for agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divjot Kour
- Department of Microbiology, Akal College of Basic Sciences, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Sofia Shareif Khan
- Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, Jammu and Kashmir, 182320, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
| | - Harpreet Kour
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandary, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Ashok Yadav
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Khem Singh Gill Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour 173101, India
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Gamalero E, Glick BR. Recent Advances in Bacterial Amelioration of Plant Drought and Salt Stress. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030437. [PMID: 35336811 PMCID: PMC8945159 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Salt and drought stress cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Several different approaches may be taken to address this problem, including increased use of irrigation, use of both traditional breeding and genetic engineering to develop salt-tolerant and drought-resistant crop plants, and the directed use of naturally occurring plant growth-promoting bacteria. Here, the mechanisms used by these plant growth-promoting bacteria are summarized and discussed. Moreover, recently reported studies of the effects that these organisms have on the growth of plants in the laboratory, the greenhouse, and the field under high salt and/or drought conditions is discussed in some detail. It is hoped that by understanding the mechanisms that these naturally occurring plant growth-promoting bacteria utilize to overcome damaging environmental stresses, it may be possible to employ these organisms to increase future agricultural productivity. Abstract The recent literature indicates that plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) employ a range of mechanisms to augment a plant’s ability to ameliorate salt and drought stress. These mechanisms include synthesis of auxins, especially indoleacetic acid, which directly promotes plant growth; synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, which prevents the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species; synthesis of small molecule osmolytes, e.g., trehalose and proline, which structures the water content within plant and bacterial cells and reduces plant turgor pressure; nitrogen fixation, which directly improves plant growth; synthesis of exopolysaccharides, which protects plant cells from water loss and stabilizes soil aggregates; synthesis of antibiotics, which protects stress-debilitated plants from soil pathogens; and synthesis of the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, which lowers the level of ACC and ethylene in plants, thereby decreasing stress-induced plant senescence. Many of the reports of overcoming these plant stresses indicate that the most successful PGPB possess several of these mechanisms; however, the involvement of any particular mechanism in plant protection is nearly always inferred and not proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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14
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Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress in the Presence of Supporting Bacteria and Fungi: An Efficient Strategy in Horticulture. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7100390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperature leads to intensive water evaporation, contributing to global warming and consequently leading to drought stress. These events are likely to trigger modifications in plant physiology and microbial functioning due to the altered availability of nutrients. Plants exposed to drought have developed different strategies to cope with stress by morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical responses. First, visible changes influence plant biomass and consequently limit the yield of crops. The presented review was undertaken to discuss the impact of climate change with respect to drought stress and its impact on the performance of plants inoculated with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM). The main challenge for optimal performance of horticultural plants is the application of selected, beneficial microorganisms which actively support plants during drought stress. The most frequently described biochemical mechanisms for plant protection against drought by microorganisms are the production of phytohormones, antioxidants and xeroprotectants, and the induction of plant resistance. Rhizospheric or plant surface-colonizing (rhizoplane) and interior (endophytic) bacteria and fungi appear to be a suitable alternative for drought-stress management. Application of various biopreparations containing PGPM seems to provide hope for a relatively cheap, easy to apply and efficient way of alleviating drought stress in plants, with implications in productivity and food condition.
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