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Mansouri P, Mansouri P, Behmard E, Najafipour S, Kouhpayeh SA, Farjadfar A. Peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD): A promising target for chronic diseases treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134576. [PMID: 39127273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In 1958, the presence of citrulline in the structure of the proteins was discovered for the first time. Several years later they found that Arginine converted to citrulline during a post-translational modification process by PAD enzyme. Each PAD is expressed in a certain tissue developing a series of diseases such as inflammation and cancers. Among these, PAD2 and PAD4 play a role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by producing citrullinated autoantigens and increasing the production of inflammatory cytokines. PAD4 is also associated with the formation of NET structures and thrombosis. In the crystallographic structure, PAD has several calcium binding sites, and the active site of the enzyme consists of different amino acids. Various PAD inhibitors have been developed divided into pan-PAD and selective PAD inhibitors. F-amidine, Cl-amidine, and BB-Cl-amidine are some of pan-PAD inhibitors. AFM-30a and JBI589 are selective for PAD2 and PAD4, respectively. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of existing inhibitors more accurately in the coming years, as well as design and production of novel inhibitors targeting highly specific isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mansouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Pardis Mansouri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Behmard
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Sohrab Najafipour
- School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Seyed Amin Kouhpayeh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
| | - Akbar Farjadfar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Alghulami OM, Jasim GA, Jasim SY. Evaluating the docetaxel effect in an animal model of polyarthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1827-1838. [PMID: 38619760 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is immune-mediated, inflammatory disease that affects synovial joints, and characterized by inflammatory changes in synovial tissue, cartilage, bone, and less commonly in extra-articular structures. Docetaxel (DTX) is a semi-synthetic anti-neoplastic medication. Peptidyl-arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) is expressed in macrophages and neutrophils in RA synovial membrane. Their effectiveness is in producing anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)-targeted citrullinated neoepitopes. AIM To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of DTX in RA and the effect of methotrexate on PAD4 to investigate its potential as an RA biomarker. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of eight rats. Healthy rats formed the control group. The Second Group to Fifth group were induced with Complete Freund's adjuvant. The third group received DTX at a dosage of 1 mg/kg on alternate days, as determined by a preliminary experiment. The fourth group was given 1 mg/kg/week of methotrexate intraperitoneally. The fifth group was treated with a half dose of DTX and methotrexate simultaneously. RESULTS Significant Arthritis index and knee joint circumference decrease in the DTX group. No significant difference in body weight, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, and white blood cell count between the groups. Neutrophile lymphocyte ratio showed weak correlation with ACPA, while PAD4 showed good correlation with RA markers. Level of ACPA, PAD4, TNF-α, IL-1β, and VEGF significantly decreased in the DTX group than induction group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION DTX reduces the progression and joint destruction in rats induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant which may due to inhibition of PAD4, TNF-α, IL-1β, VEGF, and ACPA. Also, methotrexate exhibited anti PAD4 effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mustafa Alghulami
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ghaith Ali Jasim
- College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Suzan Yousif Jasim
- Deptartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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Cunningham KY, Hur B, Gupta VK, Arment CA, Wright KA, Mason TG, Peterson LS, Bekele DI, Schaffer DE, Bailey ML, Delger KE, Crowson CS, Myasoedova E, Zeng H, Rodriguez M, Weyand CM, Davis JM, Sung J. Patients with ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative rheumatoid arthritis show different serological autoantibody repertoires and autoantibody associations with disease activity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5360. [PMID: 37005480 PMCID: PMC10066987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32428-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can test either positive or negative for circulating anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and are thereby categorized as ACPA-positive (ACPA+) or ACPA-negative (ACPA-), respectively. In this study, we aimed to elucidate a broader range of serological autoantibodies that could further explain immunological differences between patients with ACPA+ RA and ACPA- RA. On serum collected from adult patients with ACPA+ RA (n = 32), ACPA- RA (n = 30), and matched healthy controls (n = 30), we used a highly multiplex autoantibody profiling assay to screen for over 1600 IgG autoantibodies that target full-length, correctly folded, native human proteins. We identified differences in serum autoantibodies between patients with ACPA+ RA and ACPA- RA compared with healthy controls. Specifically, we found 22 and 19 autoantibodies with significantly higher abundances in ACPA+ RA patients and ACPA- RA patients, respectively. Among these two sets of autoantibodies, only one autoantibody (anti-GTF2A2) was common in both comparisons; this provides further evidence of immunological differences between these two RA subgroups despite sharing similar symptoms. On the other hand, we identified 30 and 25 autoantibodies with lower abundances in ACPA+ RA and ACPA- RA, respectively, of which 8 autoantibodies were common in both comparisons; we report for the first time that the depletion of certain autoantibodies may be linked to this autoimmune disease. Functional enrichment analysis of the protein antigens targeted by these autoantibodies showed an over-representation of a range of essential biological processes, including programmed cell death, metabolism, and signal transduction. Lastly, we found that autoantibodies correlate with Clinical Disease Activity Index, but associate differently depending on patients' ACPA status. In all, we present candidate autoantibody biomarker signatures associated with ACPA status and disease activity in RA, providing a promising avenue for patient stratification and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y Cunningham
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin Hur
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Vinod K Gupta
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Courtney A Arment
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kerry A Wright
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Thomas G Mason
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lynne S Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Delamo I Bekele
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel E Schaffer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Marissa L Bailey
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kara E Delger
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hu Zeng
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Moses Rodriguez
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jaeyun Sung
- Microbiome Program, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Surgery Research, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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