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Panich W, Nak-On S, Sabaijai M, Raksaman A, Puttharugsa C, Tejangkura T, Chontananarth T. Evaluation of semi-quantitative colorimetric assays based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification indicators by using image analysis. Anal Biochem 2024; 688:115481. [PMID: 38360170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Colorimetric assays are some of the most convenient detection methods, creating discoloration in solutions that is visible to the naked eye. However, colorimetric reactions have some limitations regarding the variability in the color perception of individuals caused by factors such as color blindness, experience, and gender. Semi-quantitative chromatic analysis has been used as an alternative method to differentiate between two colors and accurately interpret the results from a numerical value, with high confidence. Therefore, we developed and determined the optimal model between Red-Green-Blue (RGB) and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) Lab color spaces to establish a semi-quantitative colorimetric assay via image analysis by the ImageJ program for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), using the dyes malachite green and phenol red. The semi-quantitative colorimetric assays using the color distance values of the CIELab color space (ΔEab) were more suitable than those using the RGB color space (ΔERGB) for chromatic differentiation between positive and negative reactions in both indicator dyes, demonstrating the feasibility of this assay to be applied in the detection of a wide range of pathogens and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasin Panich
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Sirapat Nak-On
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Metawee Sabaijai
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Awika Raksaman
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Chokchai Puttharugsa
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Thanawan Tejangkura
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand; Research and Innovation Unit for Diagnosis of Medical and Veterinary Important Parasites, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Thapana Chontananarth
- Applied Parasitology Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand; Research and Innovation Unit for Diagnosis of Medical and Veterinary Important Parasites, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
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Bohórquez JA, Muñoz-Aguilera A, Lanka S, Coronado L, Rosell R, Alberch M, Maddox CW, Ganges L. Development of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification test for the sensitive, rapid, and economic detection of different genotypes of Classical swine fever virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1372166. [PMID: 38686097 PMCID: PMC11056584 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1372166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remains one of the most important pathogens in animal health. Pathogen detection relies on viral RNA extraction followed by RT-qPCR. Novel technologies are required to improve diagnosis at the point of care. Methods A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) PCR technique was developed, with primers designed considering all reported CSFV genotypes. The reaction was tested using both fluorometric and colorimetric detection, in comparison to the gold standard technique. Viral strains from three circulating CSFV genotypes were tested, as well as samples from infected animals. Other pathogens were also tested, to determine the LAMP specificity. Besides laboratory RNA extraction methods, a heating method for RNA release, readily available for adaptation to field conditions was evaluated. Results Three primer sets were generated, with one of them showing better performance. This primer set proved capable of maintaining optimal performance at a wide range of amplification temperatures (60°C - 68°C). It was also able to detect CSFV RNA from the three genotypes tested. The assay was highly efficient in detection of samples from animals infected with field strains from two different genotypes, with multiple matrices being detected using both colorimetric and fluorometric methods. The LAMP assay was negative for all the unrelated pathogens tested, including Pestiviruses. The only doubtful result in both fluorometric and colorimetric LAMP was against the novel Pestivirus italiaense, ovine Italy Pestivirus (OVPV), which has proven to have cross-reaction with multiple CSFV diagnostic techniques. However, it is only possible to detect the OVPV in a doubtful result if the viral load is higher than 10000 viral particles. Conclusion The results from the present study show that LAMP could be an important addition to the currently used molecular diagnostic techniques for CSFV. This technique could be used in remote locations, given that it can be adapted for successful use with minimal equipment and minimally invasive samples. The joined use of novel and traditional diagnostic techniques could prove to be a useful alternative to support the CSF control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alejandro Bohórquez
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Adriana Muñoz-Aguilera
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA), Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Saraswathi Lanka
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Liani Coronado
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
- Departament d’Acció Climàtica, Alimentació i Agenda Rural, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Alberch
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carol W. Maddox
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, IRTA-CReSA, Barcelona, Spain
- Unitat mixta d’Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- WOAH Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), Barcelona, Spain
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Pirolo M, Menezes M, Poulsen M, Søndergaard V, Damborg P, Poirier AC, La Ragione R, Schjærff M, Guardabassi L. A LAMP point-of-care test to guide antimicrobial choice for treatment of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius pyoderma in dogs. Vet J 2024; 304:106105. [PMID: 38547963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is the most common cause of pyoderma in dogs. We validated a point-of-care (PoC) test based on colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid S. pseudintermedius identification and susceptibility testing for first line antimicrobials for systemic treatment of canine pyoderma, i.e., lincosamides, first generation cephalosporins and amoxicillin clavulanate. Newly designed LAMP primers targeting clinically relevant resistance genes were combined with a previously validated set of primers targeting spsL for species identification. After laboratory validation on 110 clinical isolates, we assessed the performance of the test on 101 clinical specimens using routine culture and susceptibility testing as a reference standard. The average hands-on and turnaround times for the PoC test were 30 and 90 min, respectively. The assay showed sensitivity and specificity near 100% for both species identification and susceptibility testing when performed on bacterial cultures or clinical specimens in the laboratory. However, the PoC test yielded less accurate results when performed on-site by clinical staff (92% sensitivity and 64% specificity for species identification, 67% sensitivity and 96% specificity for β-lactam susceptibility, and 83% sensitivity and 71% specificity for lincosamide susceptibility). These results indicate that the PoC test should be adapted to a user-friendly technology to facilitate performance and interpretation of results by clinical staff. If properly developed, the test would allow veterinarians to gain rapid information on antimicrobial choice, limiting the risk of treatment failure and facilitating adherence to antimicrobial use guidelines in small animal veterinary dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pirolo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - M Menezes
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - M Poulsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - V Søndergaard
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - P Damborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark
| | - A C Poirier
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK
| | - R La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK; Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - M Schjærff
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - L Guardabassi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C 1870, Denmark.
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Zhang J, Xu L, Sheng Z, Zheng J, Chen W, Hu Q, Shen F. Combination-Lock SlipChip Integrating Nucleic Acid Sample Preparation and Isothermal LAMP Amplification for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2. ACS Sens 2024; 9:646-653. [PMID: 38181090 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid analysis with an easy-to-use workflow, high specificity and sensitivity, independence of sophisticated instruments, and accessibility outside of the laboratory is highly desirable for the detection and monitoring of infectious diseases. Integration of laboratory-quality sample preparation on a hand-held system is critical for performance. A SlipChip device inspired by the combination lock can perform magnetic bead-based nucleic acid extraction with several clockwise and counterclockwise rotations. A palm-sized base station was developed to assist sample preparation and provide thermal control of isothermal nucleic acid amplification without plug-in power. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction can be performed with a colorimetric method and directly analyzed by the naked eye or with a mobile phone app. This system achieves good bead recovery during the sample preparation workflow and has minimal residue carryover from the lysis and elution buffers. Its performance is comparable to that of the standard laboratory protocol with real-time qPCR amplification methods. The entire workflow is completed in less than 35 min and the device can achieve 500 copies/mL sensitivity. Thirty clinical nasal swab samples were collected and tested with a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 100% for SARS-CoV-2. This combination-lock SlipChip provides a promising fast, easy-to-use nucleic acid test with bead-based sample preparation that produces laboratory-quality results for point-of-care settings, especially in home use applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lei Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zheyi Sheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Weiyu Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qixin Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Layne TR, Scott A, Cunha LL, Turiello R, Landers JP. Three-Dimensional-Printed Instrument for Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification with Real-Time Colorimetric Imaging. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:271. [PMID: 38398999 PMCID: PMC10892149 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Isothermal amplification methods have become popular in research due to the simplicity of the technology needed to run the reactions. Specifically, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used for various applications since first reported in 2000. LAMP reactions are commonly monitored with the use of colorimetry. Although color changes associated with positive amplification are apparent to the naked eye, this detection method is subjective due to inherent differences in visual perception from person to person. The objectivity of the colorimetric detection method may be improved by programmed image capture over time with simultaneous heating. As such, the development of a novel, one-step, automated, and integrated analysis system capable of performing these tasks in parallel is detailed herein. The device is adaptable to multiple colorimetric dyes, cost-effective, 3D-printed for single-temperature convective heating, and features an easy-to-use LabVIEW software program developed for automated image analysis. The device was optimized and subsequently validated using four messenger-RNA targets and mock forensic samples. The performance of our device was determined to be comparable to that of a conventional thermal cycler and smartphone image analysis, respectively. Moreover, the outlined system is capable of objective colorimetric analysis, with exceptional throughput of up to 96 samples at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany R. Layne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (T.R.L.); (R.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Anchi Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (T.R.L.); (R.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Larissa L. Cunha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (T.R.L.); (R.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - Rachelle Turiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (T.R.L.); (R.T.); (J.P.L.)
| | - James P. Landers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; (T.R.L.); (R.T.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Khedhiri M, Chaouch M, Ayouni K, Chouikha A, Gdoura M, Touzi H, Hogga N, Benkahla A, Fares W, Triki H. Development and evaluation of an easy to use real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for clinical diagnosis of West Nile virus. J Clin Virol 2024; 170:105633. [PMID: 38103483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
West Nile Virus (WNV) causes a serious public health concern in many countries around the world. Virus detection in pathological samples is a key component of WNV infection diagnostic, classically performed by real-time PCR. In outbreak situation, rapid detection of the virus, in peripheral laboratories or at point of care, is crucial to guide decision makers and for the establishment of adequate action plans to prevent virus dissemination. Here, we evaluate a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) tool for WNV detection. Amplifications were performed comparatively on extracted viral RNA and on crude samples using a classical thermal cycler and a portable device (pebble device). qRT-PCR was used as gold standard and two sets of urine samples (n = 62 and n = 74) were used to evaluate the retained amplification protocols and assess their sensitivity and specificity. RT-LAMP on RNA extracts and crude samples showed a sensitivity of 90 % and 87 %, respectively. The specificity was 100 % for extracts and 97 % for crude samples. Using the device, the RT-LAMP on extracted RNA was comparable to the gold standard results (100 % sensitivity and specificity) and it was a bit lower on crude samples (65 % sensitivity and 94 % specificity). These results show that RT-LAMP is an efficient technique to detect WNV. RT-LAMP provides a rapid, sensitive, high-throughput and portable tool for accurate WNV detection and has potentials to facilitate diagnostic and surveillance efforts both in the laboratory and in the field, especially in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khedhiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia.
| | - Melek Chaouch
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LR16IPT06), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Laboratory of BioInformatics, BioMathematics and BioStatistics Laboratory (LR16IPT09), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Kaouther Ayouni
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Chouikha
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Gdoura
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Henda Touzi
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Nahed Hogga
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Alia Benkahla
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology, Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LR16IPT06), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Wasfi Fares
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Henda Triki
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, WHO Reference Laboratory for Poliomyelitis and Measles in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Research Laboratory: "Virus, Vector and Host" (LR20IPT02), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia; Clinical Investigation Center (CIC), Pasteur Institute of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Roy R, Singh G, Dahiya UR, Pandey M, Xess I, Kalyanasundaram D. Rapid detection of Mucorales in human blood and urine samples by functionalized Heusler magnetic nanoparticle assisted customized loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae007. [PMID: 38327232 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis is a rare disease with scarce diagnostic methods for early intervention. Available strategies employing direct microscopy using calcofluor white-KOH, culture, radiologic, and histopathologic testing often are time-intensive and demand intricate protocols. Nucleic Acid Amplification Test holds promise due to its high sensitivity combined with rapid detection. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based detection offers an ultrasensitive technique that does not require complicated thermocyclers like in polymerase chain reaction, offering a straightforward means for improving diagnoses as a near-point-of-care test. The study introduces a novel magnetic nanoparticle-based LAMP assay for carryover contaminant capture to reduce false positives. Solving the main drawback of LAMP-based diagnosis techniques. The assay targets the cotH gene, which is invariably specific to Mucorales. The assay was tested with various species of Mucorales, and the limit of detections for Rhizopus microsporus, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus homothallicus, and Cunninghamella bertholletiae were 1 fg, 1 fg, 0.1 pg, 0.1 pg, and 0.01 ng, respectively. This was followed by a clinical blindfolded study using whole blood and urine samples from 30 patients diagnosed with Mucormycosis. The assay has a high degree of repeatability and had an overall sensitivity of > 83%. Early Mucormycosis detection is crucial, as current lab tests from blood and urine lack sensitivity and take days for confirmation despite rapid progression and severe complications. Our developed technique enables the confirmation of Mucormycosis infection in < 45 min, focusing specifically on the RT-LAMP process. Consequently, this research offers a viable technique for quickly identifying Mucormycosis from isolated DNA of blood and urine samples instead of invasive tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Roy
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ujjwal Ranjan Dahiya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Mragnayani Pandey
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Immaculata Xess
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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8
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Sritong N, Ngo WW, Ejendal KFK, Linnes JC. Development of an integrated sample amplification control for salivary point-of-care pathogen testing. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1287:342072. [PMID: 38182338 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in point-of-care (POC) and home-based tests, but concerns over usability, accuracy, and effectiveness have arisen. The incorporation of internal amplification controls (IACs), essential control for translational POC diagnostics, could mitigate false-negative and false-positive results due to sample matrix interference or inhibition. Although emerging POC nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 show impressive analytical sensitivity in the lab, the assessment of clinical accuracy with IACs is often overlooked. In some cases, the IACs were run spatially, complicating assay workflow. Therefore, the multiplex assay for pathogen and IAC is needed. RESULTS We developed a one-pot duplex reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for saliva samples, a non-invasive and simple collected specimen for POC NAATs. The ORF1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 was used as a target and a human 18S ribosomal RNA in human saliva was employed as an IAC to ensure clinical reliability of the RT-LAMP assay. The optimized assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 viral particles down to 100 copies/μL of saliva within 30 min without RNA extraction. The duplex RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 and IAC is successfully amplified in the same reaction without cross-reactivity. The valid results were easily visualized in triple-line lateral flow immunoassay, in which two lines (flow control and IAC lines) represent valid negative results and three lines (flow control, IAC, and test line) represent valid positive results. This duplex assay demonstrated a clinical sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 96% in 30 clinical saliva samples. SIGNIFICANCE IACs play a crucial role in ensuring user confidence with respect to the accuracy and reliability of at-home and POC molecular diagnostics. We demonstrated the multiplex capability of SARS-COV-2 and human18S ribosomal RNA RT-LAMP without complicating assay design. This generic platform can be extended in a similar manner to include human18S ribosomal RNA IACs into different clinical sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Sritong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Winston Wei Ngo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karin F K Ejendal
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline C Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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9
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Xie M, Chen T, Cai Z, Lei B, Dong C. An All-in-One Platform for On-Site Multiplex Foodborne Pathogen Detection Based on Channel-Digital Hybrid Microfluidics. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:50. [PMID: 38248427 PMCID: PMC10813315 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Recently, significant progress has been made in the development of microdevices for point-of-care infectious disease detection. However, most microdevices only allow limited steps, such as DNA amplification on the chip, while sample preparation, such as lysis and DNA extraction, is conducted off the chip using the traditional method. In this study, an all-in-one platform was developed, which incorporated all necessary procedures for nucleic acid detection. Our on-chip DNA extraction method utilized the magnetic bead-based technology on a hybrid channel-digital microfluidics (C-DMF) microdevice. It yielded high recovery rates, varying from 88.43% to 95.83%, with pathogen concentrations of 103-106 CFU/mL. In particular, the on-chip method exhibited significantly higher efficacy compared to the traditional off-chip manual method, for the DNA extraction of E. coli and S. aureus, representing Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively, at a sample concentration of 103 CFU/mL. To address the need for rapid and accessible diagnostics, colorimetric LAMP amplification was integrated into the proposed microdevice. The results were visually detectable with the naked eye, making it user-friendly for non-specialists. In addition, this platform demonstrated impressive sensitivity in simultaneously detecting common foodborne pathogens in spiked meat samples, achieving the LOD of 102-103 CFU/mL. The entire process, from sampling to result, was fully automated and only required approximately 60 min, offering promising applicability in resource-limited and on-site testing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xie
- Department of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China;
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, Zhuhai 519000, China;
| | - Cheng Dong
- School of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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10
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Grammatikos S, Svoliantopoulos I, Gizeli E. Naked-Eye Detection of LAMP-Produced Nucleic Acids in Saliva Using Chitosan-Capped AuNPs in a Single-Tube Assay. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18514-18521. [PMID: 38065570 PMCID: PMC10733902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a low-technology molecular assay that is highly adaptable to point-of-care (POC) applications. However, achieving sensitive naked-eye detection of the amplified target in a crude sample is challenging. Herein, we report a simple yet highly efficient and sensitive methodology for the colorimetric visualization of a single target copy in saliva using chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles (Chit-AuNPs) synthesized via a green chemistry approach. The presence or absence of free Chit in the Chit-AuNPs solution was shown to affect LAMP colorimetric detection oppositely: the observed stabilization in the negative samples and aggregation in the positive samples in the presence of free Chit were reversed in the case of neat Chit-AuNPs. The mechanism of the two assays was investigated and attributed to electrostatic and depletion effects exerted between the Chit-AuNPs, free Chit, and the solution components. The developed contamination-free, one-tube assay successfully amplified and detected down to 1-5 cfu of Salmonella and 10 copies of SARS-CoV-2 per reaction (25 μL) used, respectively, as model DNA and RNA targets in the presence of 20% saliva, making the method suitable for POC applications. Compared to the commonly used pH-sensitive dyes, Chit-AuNPs are shown to have an enhanced sensitivity toward naked-eye colorimetric observation owing to the direct detection of DNA amplicons. Thus, this is a simple, highly sensitive, fast, and versatile naked-eye detection methodology that could be coupled to any LAMP or RT-LAMP assay, avoiding the need of using complicated sample pretreatments and/or AuNPs long and laborious functionalization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stylianos Grammatikos
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department
of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ioannis Svoliantopoulos
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Electra Gizeli
- Institute
of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Department
of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
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11
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Strachan S, Chakraborty M, Sallam M, Bhuiyan SA, Ford R, Nguyen NT. Maximising Affordability of Real-Time Colorimetric LAMP Assays. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2101. [PMID: 38004958 PMCID: PMC10673270 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics have become indispensable in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring. This diagnostic form can offer rapid and precise identification of pathogens and biomarkers. However, traditional laboratory-based molecular testing methods can be expensive and require specialised training, limiting their accessibility in resource-limited settings and on-site applications. To overcome these challenges, this study proposes an innovative approach to reducing costs and complexity in portable colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) devices. The research evaluates different resistive heating systems to create an energy-efficient, cost-effective, and compact device to heat a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block for precise temperature control during LAMP reactions. By combining this novel heating system with an off-the-shelf red-green-blue (RGB) sensor to detect and quantify colour changes, the integrated system can accurately detect Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, the bacteria responsible for ratoon stunting disease (RSD) in sugarcane. The experimental validation of this system demonstrates its ability to detect the target pathogen in real time, making it an important development for low cost, portable, and easy-to-use molecular diagnostics in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Strachan
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Moutoshi Chakraborty
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mohamed Sallam
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Shamsul A. Bhuiyan
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
- Sugar Research Australia, Woodford, QLD 4514, Australia
| | - Rebecca Ford
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.C.); (M.S.); (R.F.)
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (S.A.B.); (N.-T.N.)
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12
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Papamatthaiou S, Boxall-Clasby J, Douglas EJA, Jajesniak P, Peyret H, Mercer-Chalmers J, Kumar VKS, Lomonossoff GP, Reboud J, Laabei M, Cooper JM, Kasprzyk-Hordern B, Moschou D. LoCKAmp: lab-on-PCB technology for <3 minute virus genetic detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4400-4412. [PMID: 37740394 PMCID: PMC10563828 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00441d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent COVID-19 outbreak highlighted the need for lab-on-chip diagnostic technology fit for real-life deployment in the field. Existing bottlenecks in multistep analytical microsystem integration and upscalable, standardized fabrication techniques delayed the large-scale deployment of lab-on-chip solutions during the outbreak, throughout a global diagnostic test shortage. This study presents a technology that has the potential to address these issues by redeploying and repurposing the ubiquitous printed circuit board (PCB) technology and manufacturing infrastructure. We demonstrate the first commercially manufactured, miniaturised lab-on-PCB device for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) genetic detection of SARS-CoV-2. The system incorporates a mass-manufactured, continuous-flow PCB chip with ultra-low cost fluorescent detection circuitry, rendering it the only continuous-flow μLAMP platform with off-the-shelf optical detection components. Ultrafast, SARS-CoV-2 RNA amplification in wastewater samples was demonstrated within 2 min analysis, at concentrations as low as 17 gc μL-1. We further demonstrate our device operation by detecting SARS-CoV-2 in 20 human nasopharyngeal swab samples, without the need for any RNA extraction or purification. This renders the presented miniaturised nucleic-acid amplification-based diagnostic test the fastest reported SARS-CoV-2 genetic detection platform, in a practical implementation suitable for deployment in the field. This technology can be readily extended to the detection of alternative pathogens or genetic targets for a very broad range of applications and matrices. LoCKAmp lab-on-PCB chips are currently mass-manufactured in a commercial, ISO-compliant PCB factory, at a small-scale production cost of £2.50 per chip. Thus, with this work, we demonstrate a high technology-readiness-level lab-on-chip-based genetic detection system, successfully benchmarked against standard analytical techniques both for wastewater and nasopharyngeal swab SARS-CoV-2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Papamatthaiou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | | | - Pawel Jajesniak
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hadrien Peyret
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - June Mercer-Chalmers
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Varun K S Kumar
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - George P Lomonossoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Julien Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan M Cooper
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Despina Moschou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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13
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Sritong N, Ngo WW, Ejendal KFK, Linnes JC. Development of an Integrated Sample Amplification Control for Salivary Point-of-Care Pathogen Testing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.10.03.23296477. [PMID: 37873363 PMCID: PMC10593008 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.23296477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a rise in point-of-care (POC) and home-based tests, but concerns over usability, accuracy, and effectiveness have arisen. The incorporation of internal amplification controls (IACs), essential control for translational POC diagnostics, could mitigate false-negative and false-positive results due to sample matrix interference or inhibition. Although emerging POC nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 show impressive analytical sensitivity in the lab, the assessment of clinical accuracy with IACs is often overlooked. In some cases, the IACs were run spatially, complicating assay workflow. Therefore, the multiplex assay for pathogen and IAC is needed. Results We developed a one-pot duplex reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for saliva samples, a non-invasive and simple collected specimen for POC NAATs. The ORF1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 was used as a target and a human 18S ribosomal RNA in human saliva was employed as an IAC to ensure clinical reliability of the RT-LAMP assay. The optimized assay could detect SARS-CoV-2 viral particles down to 100 copies/μL of saliva within 30 minutes without RNA extraction. The duplex RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 and IAC is successfully amplified in the same reaction without cross-reactivity. The valid results were easily visualized in triple-line lateral flow immunoassay, in which two lines (flow control and IAC lines) represent valid negative results and three lines (flow control, IAC, and test line) represent valid positive results. This duplex assay demonstrated a clinical sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, and accuracy of 96% in 30 clinical saliva samples. Significance IACs play a crucial role in ensuring user confidence with respect to the accuracy and reliability of at-home and POC molecular diagnostics. We demonstrated the multiplex capability of SARS-COV-2 and human18S ribosomal RNA RT-LAMP without complicating assay design. This generic platform can be extended in a similar manner to include human18S ribosomal RNA IACs into different clinical sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navaporn Sritong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Winston Wei Ngo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Karin F. K. Ejendal
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jacqueline C. Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Public Health, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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14
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Poirier AC, Riaño Moreno RD, Takaindisa L, Carpenter J, Mehat JW, Haddon A, Rohaim MA, Williams C, Burkhart P, Conlon C, Wilson M, McClumpha M, Stedman A, Cordoni G, Branavan M, Tharmakulasingam M, Chaudhry NS, Locker N, Fernando A, Balachandran W, Bullen M, Collins N, Rimer D, Horton DL, Munir M, La Ragione RM. VIDIIA Hunter diagnostic platform: a low-cost, smartphone connected, artificial intelligence-assisted COVID-19 rapid diagnostics approved for medical use in the UK. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1144001. [PMID: 37842636 PMCID: PMC10572354 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1144001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Accurate and rapid diagnostics paired with effective tracking and tracing systems are key to halting the spread of infectious diseases, limiting the emergence of new variants and to monitor vaccine efficacy. The current gold standard test (RT-qPCR) for COVID-19 is highly accurate and sensitive, but is time-consuming, and requires expensive specialised, lab-based equipment. Methods: Herein, we report on the development of a SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) rapid and inexpensive diagnostic platform that relies on a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay and a portable smart diagnostic device. Automated image acquisition and an Artificial Intelligence (AI) deep learning model embedded in the Virus Hunter 6 (VH6) device allow to remove any subjectivity in the interpretation of results. The VH6 device is also linked to a smartphone companion application that registers patients for swab collection and manages the entire process, thus ensuring tests are traced and data securely stored. Results: Our designed AI-implemented diagnostic platform recognises the nucleocapsid protein gene of SARS-CoV-2 with high analytical sensitivity and specificity. A total of 752 NHS patient samples, 367 confirmed positives for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and 385 negatives, were used for the development and validation of the test and the AI-assisted platform. The smart diagnostic platform was then used to test 150 positive clinical samples covering a dynamic range of clinically meaningful viral loads and 250 negative samples. When compared to RT-qPCR, our AI-assisted diagnostics platform was shown to be reliable, highly specific (100%) and sensitive (98-100% depending on viral load) with a limit of detection of 1.4 copies of RNA per µL in 30 min. Using this data, our CE-IVD and MHRA approved test and associated diagnostic platform has been approved for medical use in the United Kingdom under the UK Health Security Agency's Medical Devices (Coronavirus Test Device Approvals, CTDA) Regulations 2022. Laboratory and in-silico data presented here also indicates that the VIDIIA diagnostic platform is able to detect the main variants of concern in the United Kingdom (September 2023). Discussion: This system could provide an efficient, time and cost-effective platform to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases in resource-limited settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore C. Poirier
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Leona Takaindisa
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessie Carpenter
- VIDIIA Ltd., Surrey Technology Centre, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Jai W. Mehat
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Abi Haddon
- Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services, Molecular Diagnostics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed A. Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Williams
- The Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Kendal, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Burkhart
- The Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Kendal, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Conlon
- GB Electronics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anna Stedman
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Guido Cordoni
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Manoharanehru Branavan
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nouman S. Chaudhry
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Fernando
- Centre for Vision, Speech and Signal Processing, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Wamadeva Balachandran
- College of Engineering, Design and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Bullen
- GB Electronics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United Kingdom
| | - Nadine Collins
- Berkshire and Surrey Pathology Services, Molecular Diagnostics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - David Rimer
- VIDIIA Ltd., Surrey Technology Centre, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel L. Horton
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto M. La Ragione
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbial Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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15
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Yedire SG, Hosseini II, Shieh H, Khorrami Jahromi A, AbdelFatah T, Jalali M, Mahshid S. Additive manufacturing leveraged microfluidic setup for sample to answer colorimetric detection of pathogens. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4134-4145. [PMID: 37656450 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorimetric readout for the detection of infectious diseases is gaining traction at the point of care/need owing to its ease of analysis and interpretation, and integration potential with highly specific loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays. However, coupling colorimetric readout with LAMP is rife with challenges including, rapidity, inter-user variability, colorimetric signal quantification, and user involvement in sequential steps of the LAMP assay, hindering its application. To address these challenges, for the first time, we propose a remotely smartphone-operated automated setup consisting of (i) an additively manufactured microfluidic cartridge, (ii) a portable reflected-light imaging setup with controlled epi-illumination (PRICE) module, and (iii) a control and data analysis module. The microfluidic cartridge facilitates sample collection, lysis, mixing of amplification reagents stored on-chip, and subsequent isothermal heating for initiation of amplification in a novel way by employing tunable elastomeric chambers and auxiliary components (heaters and linear actuators). PRICE offers a new imaging setup that captures the colorimetric change of the amplification media over a plasmonic nanostructured substrate in a controlled and noise-free environment for rapid minute-scale nucleic acid detection. The control and data analysis module employs microprocessors to automate cartridge operation in tandem with the imaging module. The different device components were characterized individually and finally, as a proof of concept, SARS-CoV-2 wild-type RNA was detected with a turnaround time of 13 minutes, showing the device's clinical feasibility. The suggested automated device can be adopted in future iterations for other detection and molecular assays that require sequential fluid handling steps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Shieh
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | | | - Tamer AbdelFatah
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Mahsa Jalali
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Sara Mahshid
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C3, Canada
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16
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Zayed BA, Ali AN, Elgebaly AA, Talaia NM, Hamed M, Mansour FR. Smartphone-based point-of-care testing of the SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 21:e01757. [PMID: 37351482 PMCID: PMC10256629 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus's worldwide pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for reliable, quick, and affordable diagnostic tests for comprehending and controlling the epidemic by tracking the world population. Given how crucial it is to monitor and manage the pandemic, researchers have recently concentrated on creating quick detection techniques. Although PCR is still the preferred clinical diagnostic test, there is a pressing need for substitutes that are sufficiently rapid and cost-effective to provide a diagnosis at the time of use. The creation of a quick and simple POC equipment is necessary for home testing. Our review's goal is to provide an overview of the many methods utilized to identify SARS-CoV 2 in various samples utilizing portable devices, as well as any potential applications for smartphones in epidemiological research and detection. The point of care (POC) employs a range of microfluidic biosensors based on smartphones, including molecular sensors, immunological biosensors, hybrid biosensors, and imaging biosensors. For example, a number of tools have been created for the diagnosis of COVID-19, based on various theories. Integrated portable devices can be created using loop-mediated isothermal amplification, which combines isothermal amplification methods with colorimetric detection. Electrochemical approaches have been regarded as a potential substitute for optical sensing techniques that utilize fluorescence for detection and as being more beneficial to the Minimizing and simplicity of the tools used for detection, together with techniques that can amplify DNA or RNA under constant temperature conditions, without the need for repeated heating and cooling cycles. Many research have used smartphones for virus detection and data visualization, making these techniques more user-friendly and broadly distributed throughout nations. Overall, our research provides a review of different novel, non-invasive, affordable, and efficient methods for identifying COVID-19 contagious infected people and halting the disease's transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlanty A Zayed
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Ahmed N Ali
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Alaa A Elgebaly
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Talaia
- Tanta Student Research Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Hamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Elgeish Street, The Medical Campus of Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
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17
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Nath P, Mahtaba KR, Ray A. Fluorescence-Based Portable Assays for Detection of Biological and Chemical Analytes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115053. [PMID: 37299780 DOI: 10.3390/s23115053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence-based detection techniques are part of an ever-expanding field and are widely used in biomedical and environmental research as a biosensing tool. These techniques have high sensitivity, selectivity, and a short response time, making them a valuable tool for developing bio-chemical assays. The endpoint of these assays is defined by changes in fluorescence signal, in terms of its intensity, lifetime, and/or shift in spectrum, which is monitored using readout devices such as microscopes, fluorometers, and cytometers. However, these devices are often bulky, expensive, and require supervision to operate, which makes them inaccessible in resource-limited settings. To address these issues, significant effort has been directed towards integrating fluorescence-based assays into miniature platforms based on papers, hydrogels, and microfluidic devices, and to couple these assays with portable readout devices like smartphones and wearable optical sensors, thereby enabling point-of-care detection of bio-chemical analytes. This review highlights some of the recently developed portable fluorescence-based assays by discussing the design of fluorescent sensor molecules, their sensing strategy, and the fabrication of point-of-care devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peuli Nath
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Kazi Ridita Mahtaba
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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18
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Szobi A, Buranovská K, Vojtaššáková N, Lovíšek D, Özbaşak HÖ, Szeibeczederová S, Kapustian L, Hudáčová Z, Kováčová V, Drobná D, Putaj P, Bírová S, Čirková I, Čarnecký M, Kilián P, Jurkáček P, Čabanová V, Boršová K, Sláviková M, Vaňová V, Klempa B, Čekan P, Paul ED. Vivid COVID-19 LAMP is an ultrasensitive, quadruplexed test using LNA-modified primers and a zinc ion and 5-Br-PAPS colorimetric detection system. Commun Biol 2023; 6:233. [PMID: 36864129 PMCID: PMC9979146 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid point-of-care assays have been crucial in the global response to SARS-CoV-2. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has emerged as an important diagnostic tool given its simplicity and minimal equipment requirements, although limitations exist regarding sensitivity and the methods used to detect reaction products. We describe the development of Vivid COVID-19 LAMP, which leverages a metallochromic detection system utilizing zinc ions and a zinc sensor, 5-Br-PAPS, to circumvent the limitations of classic detection systems dependent on pH indicators or magnesium chelators. We make important strides in improving RT-LAMP sensitivity by establishing principles for using LNA-modified LAMP primers, multiplexing, and conducting extensive optimizations of reaction parameters. To enable point-of-care testing, we introduce a rapid sample inactivation procedure without RNA extraction that is compatible with self-collected, non-invasive gargle samples. Our quadruplexed assay (targeting E, N, ORF1a, and RdRP) reliably detects 1 RNA copy/µl of sample (=8 copies/reaction) from extracted RNA and 2 RNA copies/µl of sample (=16 copies/reaction) directly from gargle samples, making it one of the most sensitive RT-LAMP tests and even comparable to RT-qPCR. Additionally, we demonstrate a self-contained, mobile version of our assay in a variety of high-throughput field testing scenarios on nearly 9,000 crude gargle samples. Vivid COVID-19 LAMP can be an important asset for the endemic phase of COVID-19 as well as preparing for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Szobi
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Katarína Buranovská
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Nina Vojtaššáková
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Daniel Lovíšek
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Halil Önder Özbaşak
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Sandra Szeibeczederová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Liudmyla Kapustian
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Zuzana Hudáčová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- Stanford University, 730 Escondido Rd., Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Viera Kováčová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
- University of Cologne, Institute for Biological Physics, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937, Köln, Germany
| | - Diana Drobná
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Piotr Putaj
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Stanislava Bírová
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ivana Čirková
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Martin Čarnecký
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Peter Kilián
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Peter Jurkáček
- AstonITM s.r.o., Račianska 153, 831 54, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Čabanová
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kristína Boršová
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Sláviková
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vaňová
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Boris Klempa
- Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Pavol Čekan
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
| | - Evan D Paul
- MultiplexDX, s.r.o., Comenius University Science Park, Ilkovičova 8, 841 04, Bratislava, Slovakia.
- MultiplexDX, Inc., One Research Court, Suite 450, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA.
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19
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Yilmaz S, Adkins S, Batuman O. Field-Portable, Rapid, and Low-Cost RT-LAMP Assay for the Detection of Tomato Chlorotic Spot Virus. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:567-576. [PMID: 36222536 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0319-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV) is a highly destructive, thrips-transmitted, emerging orthotospovirus in various vegetable and ornamental crops. It is important to reduce the risk of spreading this virus by limiting the movement of infected plant materials to other geographic areas by utilizing point-of-care diagnostics. Current diagnostic assays for TCSV require costly lab equipment, skilled personnel, and electricity. Here, we report the development of a simple rechargeable battery-operated handwarmer-assisted reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay and demonstrate a step-by-step protocol to achieve in-field detection of TCSV. Under field conditions, handwarmer-assisted RT-LAMP can detect as little as 0.9 pg/μl of total RNA from TCSV-infected tomato plants in <35 min. When fully charged, the field-portable device can be used in six consecutive RT-LAMP detection assays, yielding test results for 96 individual samples. Dye-based colorimetric methods, including pH and metal ion indicators, were evaluated to eliminate laboratory-dependent LAMP visualization. Phenol red combined with hydroxynaphthol blue was adopted in the handwarmer-assisted RT-LAMP detection method to obtain a more robust color difference distinguishable by the naked eye. Overall, handwarmer-assisted RT-LAMP is a rapid, highly sensitive, and cost-effective diagnostic technique that can be used by nonspecialist personnel in the field, particularly in rural production areas lacking access to a diagnostic lab or constant electricity. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Yilmaz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
| | - Scott Adkins
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL 34945
| | - Ozgur Batuman
- Department of Plant Pathology, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142
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20
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Development of an optimized colorimetric RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 assay with enhanced procedure controls for remote diagnostics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21424. [PMID: 36503901 PMCID: PMC9741705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic accentuated the need for molecular diagnostic tests. A technique highly used to this end is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-a sensitive and specific technique commonly used as the gold standard for molecular diagnostics. However, it demands highly trained personnel and high-maintenance equipment and is relatively time-consuming. An alternative is the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technique, which doesn't need sample purification or expensive equipment, and is similar to PCR when compared in sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we developed an optimized colorimetric Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Point-of-Care test using a portable device to diagnose COVID-19. Variables such as concentration of primers, magnesium sulfate, betaine, hydrochloride guanidine, Bst, and temperature of the reactions were tested. We also created a pipetting quality control system-using a combination of dyes-to avoid false negatives due to a lack of samples added to the reaction test tube. Mineral oil was incorporated in the composition of the RT-LAMP reactions to avoid evaporation when a heating lid isn't available. The final RT-LAMP test is tenfold more sensitive when compared to the WarmStart Colorimetric Master mix from New England Biolabs with a sensitivity of 5 copies per μL.
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21
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Park JW. Principles and Applications of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification to Point-of-Care Tests. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100857. [PMID: 36290994 PMCID: PMC9599884 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
For the identification of nucleic acids, which are important biomarkers of pathogen-mediated diseases and viruses, the gold standard for NA-based diagnostic applications is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, the requirements of PCR limit its application as a rapid point-of-care diagnostic technique. To address the challenges associated with regular PCR, many isothermal amplification methods have been developed to accurately detect NAs. Isothermal amplification methods enable NA amplification without changes in temperature with simple devices, as well as faster amplification times compared with regular PCR. Of the isothermal amplifications, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is the most studied because it amplifies NAs rapidly and specifically. This review describes the principles of LAMP, the methods used to monitor the process of LAMP, and examples of biosensors that detect the amplicons of LAMP. In addition, current trends in the application of LAMP to smartphones and self-diagnosis systems for point-of-care tests are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee-Woong Park
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Korea
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22
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Li Q, Li Y, Gao Q, Jiang C, Tian Q, Ma C, Shi C. Real-time monitoring of isothermal nucleic acid amplification on a smartphone by using a portable electrochemical device for home-testing of SARS-CoV-2. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1229:340343. [PMID: 36156220 PMCID: PMC9449873 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Home-testing of SARS-CoV-2 is an ideal approach for controlling the pandemic of COVID-19 and alleviating the shortage of medical resource caused by this acute infectious disease. Herein, a portable device that enables real-time monitoring of isothermal nucleic acid amplification tests (INAATs) through the electrochemistry method was fabricated for home-testing of SARS-CoV-2. First, a disposable plug-and-play pH-sensitive potentiometric sensor that matches this electrochemical INAATs (E-INAATs) device was designed to allow the label-free pH sensing detection of nucleic acid. By applying Nafion film on the polyaniline-based working electrode, this sensor exhibited an excellent linear potentiometric response to pH value in the range of 6.0–8.5 with a slope of −37.45 ± 1.96 mV/pH unit. A Bluetooth module was integrated into this device to enable the users real-time monitoring INAATs on their smartphones at home. Moreover, by presetting criteria, the detection results could be automatically judged by the device to avoid human errors. Finally, the utility of this E-INAATs device was demonstrated by detecting the presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein gene in artificial samples with a sensitivity of 2 × 102 copies/test within 25 min, which was comparable with fluorescence and colorimetric assay. This portable, easy-operated, sensitive, and affordable device is particularly desirable for the full integration of household SARS-CoV-2 detection products and will open a new prospect for the control of infectious diseases via electrochemical NAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qian Gao
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Qingwu Tian
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, PR China
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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23
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Changtor P, Gupta YM, Yimtragool N. Optimization and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique for sex identification in red-whiskered bulbul ( Pycnonotus jocosus). Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9401. [PMID: 36225838 PMCID: PMC9534725 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The red‐whiskered bulbul (Pycnonotus jocosus) is a popular avian species in Thailand and many other countries. The red‐whiskered bulbul has a high economic value, but breeding is challenging since sex identification is difficult. The PCR method is now used for sex identification. However, PCR amplification and post‐PCR analysis necessitate the use of a laboratory equipped with specialized scientific instruments, which is inconvenient for field operations. This research describes a method for amplification of DNA samples using the loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) approach, which is a molecular biology methodology for isothermal amplification that is extremely sensitive, fast, and easy for post‐LAMP product visualization. Herein, total of 23 blood samples were collected and DNA was extracted. Two sets of LAMP primers were designed for CHD‐Z and CHD‐W genes. The colorimetric assay was used to investigate the best conditions for LAMP reactions and post‐LAMP product visualization. LAMP reactions for sex identification were compared to traditional PCR in terms of sensitivity and specificity. LAMP reactions were found to be 10‐fold more sensitive than PCR at 1 ng of DNA. When compared to electrophoresis analysis, the visualization with colorimetric assay using GelRed® and SYTO™ 9 was 100% accurate. The optimal LAMP condition tested simple DNA extracted from bird feathers using the HotSHOT technique. The result showed that the optimal condition could distinguish the sex of red‐whiskered bulbuls totally and accurately. A powerful method for red‐whiskered bulbul sex identification is demonstrated in this study, which can be used in field studies because it is quick and easy to perform, has high sensitivity, and does not require advanced scientific equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanupong Changtor
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Yash Munnalal Gupta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
| | - Nonglak Yimtragool
- Department of Biology, Faculty of ScienceNaresuan UniversityPhitsanulokThailand
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24
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Wang G, Wang L, Meng Z, Su X, Jia C, Qiao X, Pan S, Chen Y, Cheng Y, Zhu M. Visual Detection of COVID-19 from Materials Aspect. ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS 2022; 4:1304-1333. [PMID: 35966612 PMCID: PMC9358106 DOI: 10.1007/s42765-022-00179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the recent COVID-19 pandemic, World Health Organization emphasized that early detection is an effective strategy to reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Several diagnostic methods, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), have been applied based on the mechanism of specific recognition and binding of the probes to viruses or viral antigens. Although the remarkable progress, these methods still suffer from inadequate cellular materials or errors in the detection and sampling procedure of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab collection. Therefore, developing accurate, ultrafast, and visualized detection calls for more advanced materials and technology urgently to fight against the epidemic. In this review, we first summarize the current methodologies for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Then, recent representative examples are introduced based on various output signals (e.g., colorimetric, fluorometric, electronic, acoustic). Finally, we discuss the limitations of the methods and provide our perspectives on priorities for future test development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Zheyi Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaolong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Chao Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Xiaolan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Shaowu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yinjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620 China
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García-Bernalt Diego J, Fernández-Soto P, Márquez-Sánchez S, Santos Santos D, Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Muñoz-Bellido JL, Belhassen-García M, Corchado Rodríguez JM, Muro A. SMART-LAMP: A Smartphone-Operated Handheld Device for Real-Time Colorimetric Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases via Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060424. [PMID: 35735571 PMCID: PMC9221248 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification diagnostics offer outstanding features of sensitivity and specificity. However, they still lack speed and robustness, require extensive infrastructure, and are neither affordable nor user-friendly. Thus, they have not been extensively applied in point-of-care diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings. In this work, we have combined the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology with a handheld portable device (SMART-LAMP) developed to perform real-time isothermal nucleic acid amplification reactions, based on simple colorimetric measurements, all of which are Bluetooth-controlled by a dedicated smartphone app. We have validated its diagnostic utility regarding different infectious diseases, including Schistosomiasis, Strongyloidiasis, and COVID-19, and analyzed clinical samples from suspected COVID-19 patients. Finally, we have proved that the combination of long-term stabilized LAMP master mixes, stored and transported at room temperature with our developed SMART-LAMP device, provides an improvement towards true point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases in settings with limited infrastructure. Our proposal could be easily adapted to the diagnosis of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Sánchez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Santos Santos
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido
- Microbiology and Parasitology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Internal Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases Section, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Corchado Rodríguez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
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26
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Plant Viral Disease Detection: From Molecular Diagnosis to Optical Sensing Technology—A Multidisciplinary Review. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant viral diseases result in productivity and economic losses to agriculture, necessitating accurate detection for effective control. Lab-based molecular testing is the gold standard for providing reliable and accurate diagnostics; however, these tests are expensive, time-consuming, and labour-intensive, especially at the field-scale with a large number of samples. Recent advances in optical remote sensing offer tremendous potential for non-destructive diagnostics of plant viral diseases at large spatial scales. This review provides an overview of traditional diagnostic methods followed by a comprehensive description of optical sensing technology, including camera systems, platforms, and spectral data analysis to detect plant viral diseases. The paper is organized along six multidisciplinary sections: (1) Impact of plant viral disease on plant physiology and consequent phenotypic changes, (2) direct diagnostic methods, (3) traditional indirect detection methods, (4) optical sensing technologies, (5) data processing techniques and modelling for disease detection, and (6) comparison of the costs. Finally, the current challenges and novel ideas of optical sensing for detecting plant viruses are discussed.
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Lad SB, Roy S, George JE, Chakraborti H, Lalsare S, Barik B, Singh A, Zade A, Agrawal S, Shastri J, Chatterjee A, Das Gupta K, Paul D, Kondabagil K. Development of a PNA–DiSc 2 based portable absorbance platform for the detection of pathogen nucleic acids. Analyst 2022; 147:5306-5313. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an01351g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A PortAbs based pathogen nucleic acid detection system using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) and a cyanine dye, DiSc2(5). The shift is measured of the absorbance induced by binding of a PNA probe to a complementary DNA strand using a portable two-color absorption system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh B. Lad
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shomdutta Roy
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Jijo Easo George
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Himadri Chakraborti
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Saumitra Lalsare
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Bikash Barik
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Arushi Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Amrutraj Zade
- Haystack Analytics Pvt. Ltd. Society For Innovation & Entrepreneurship (SINE), Kanwal Rekhi Building, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sachee Agrawal
- Molecular Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayanthi Shastri
- Molecular Diagnostic Reference Laboratory, Kasturba Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Mumbai, India
| | - Anirvan Chatterjee
- Haystack Analytics Pvt. Ltd. Society For Innovation & Entrepreneurship (SINE), Kanwal Rekhi Building, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Kantimay Das Gupta
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Debjani Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Kiran Kondabagil
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
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