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Yau J, Hernández IC, Minderler S, Barrera K, Jowett N. Efficient and Rapid Histomorphometry of Regenerating Peripheral Nerve. Muscle Nerve 2025; 71:1096-1103. [PMID: 39995233 PMCID: PMC12064370 DOI: 10.1002/mus.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2025] [Accepted: 02/16/2025] [Indexed: 02/26/2025]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/AIMS Peripheral nerve surgery entails repairing or transferring nerves to restore sensory or motor functions. Functional outcomes correlate with axon counts within operated nerves, but there exists no reliable means for intraoperative assessment of injured nerves. Conventional histologic assessment of regenerating peripheral nerve is labor-intensive, requiring multiday processing for tissue immunohistochemistry. Here, we describe a high-throughput protocol for histomorphometry of regenerating peripheral nerves. METHODS Healthy and regenerating murine and human peripheral nerve sections were stained with commercial fluorescent membrane-specific dyes, one of which (MemBrite) was discovered to internalize within axons. Samples were imaged using confocal microscopy, and regenerating axons were quantified using commercial segmentation software. Quantification results using the novel staining protocol were compared against conventional neurofilament immunohistochemistry. The protocol was employed to guide intraoperative decision-making in a case of free functional muscle transfer for treating a patient with facial paralysis. RESULTS Axon quantification within healthy and regenerating nerve sections in human and murine samples via rapid staining yielded similar results when compared to antineurofilament labeling. The relative difference in axon counts for the healthy murine facial nerve for antineurofilament and MemBrite 594 staining was < 1%. For the regenerating human nerve, the relative difference was 8.7%. DISCUSSION A rapid quantification protocol for regenerating axons has been described, which may inform intraoperative decision-making and advance knowledge in peripheral nerve surgery. Minimizing tissue processing time during surgery would allow surgeons to receive immediate feedback regarding axon counts in the donor nerve for cross-facial nerve surgeries, ultimately leading to improved clinical outcomes for their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven Minderler
- Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA 02114
| | - Keisha Barrera
- Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA 02114
| | - Nate Jowett
- Surgical Photonics & Engineering Laboratory, Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA, USA 02114
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Warda M, Tekin S, Gamal M, Khafaga N, Çelebi F, Tarantino G. Lipid rafts: novel therapeutic targets for metabolic, neurodegenerative, oncological, and cardiovascular diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2025; 24:147. [PMID: 40247292 PMCID: PMC12004566 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-025-02563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2025] [Indexed: 04/19/2025] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts are specialized microdomains within cellular membranes enriched with cholesterol and sphingolipids that play key roles in cellular organization, signaling, and homeostasis. This review highlights their involvement in protein clustering, energy metabolism, oxidative stress responses, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. These findings clarify their influence on signaling, trafficking, and adhesion while interacting with the extracellular matrix, cytoskeleton, and ion channels, making them pivotal in the progression of various diseases. This review further addresses their contributions to immune responses, including autoimmune diseases, chronic inflammation, and cytokine storms. Additionally, their role as entry points for pathogens has been demonstrated, with raft-associated receptors being exploited by viruses and bacteria to increase infectivity and evade immune defenses. Disruptions in lipid raft dynamics are linked to oxidative stress and cellular signaling defects, which contribute to metabolic, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. This review underscores their potential as therapeutic targets, discussing innovations such as engineered lipid raft transplantation. Advances in analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry have expanded our understanding of lipid raft composition and dynamics, opening new directions for research. By consolidating the current insights, we highlight the therapeutic potential of lipid rafts and highlight the need for further exploration of their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Warda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Samet Tekin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mahmoud Gamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Khafaga
- Food Hygiene Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Dokki, Egypt
| | - Fikret Çelebi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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Koh RGL, Ribeiro M, Jabban L, Fang B, Nesovic K, Bayat S, Metcalfe BW. A Scoping Review of Machine Learning Applied to Peripheral Nerve Interfaces. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2024; 32:3689-3698. [PMID: 39325602 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2024.3468995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve interfaces (PNIs) can enable communication with the peripheral nervous system and have a broad range of applications including in bioelectronic medicine and neuroprostheses. They can modulate neural activity through stimulation or monitor conditions by recording from the peripheral nerves. The recent growth of Machine Learning (ML) has led to the application of a wide variety of ML techniques to PNIs, especially in circumstances where the goal is classification or regression. However, the extent to which ML has been applied to PNIs or the range of suitable ML techniques has not been documented. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to determine and understand the state of ML in the PNI field. The review searched five databases and included 63 studies after full-text review. Most studies incorporated a supervised learning approach to classify activity, with the most common algorithms being some form of neural network (artificial neural network, convolutional neural network or recurrent neural network). Unsupervised, semi-supervised and reinforcement learning (RL) approaches are currently underutilized and could be better leveraged to improve performance in this domain.
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Yi C, Zhu L, Sun J, Wang Z, Zhang M, Zhong F, Yan L, Tang J, Huang L, Zhang YH, Li D, Fei P. Video-rate 3D imaging of living cells using Fourier view-channel-depth light field microscopy. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1259. [PMID: 38086994 PMCID: PMC10716377 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Interrogation of subcellular biological dynamics occurring in a living cell often requires noninvasive imaging of the fragile cell with high spatiotemporal resolution across all three dimensions. It thereby poses big challenges to modern fluorescence microscopy implementations because the limited photon budget in a live-cell imaging task makes the achievable performance of conventional microscopy approaches compromise between their spatial resolution, volumetric imaging speed, and phototoxicity. Here, we incorporate a two-stage view-channel-depth (VCD) deep-learning reconstruction strategy with a Fourier light-field microscope based on diffractive optical element to realize fast 3D super-resolution reconstructions of intracellular dynamics from single diffraction-limited 2D light-filed measurements. This VCD-enabled Fourier light-filed imaging approach (F-VCD), achieves video-rate (50 volumes per second) 3D imaging of intracellular dynamics at a high spatiotemporal resolution of ~180 nm × 180 nm × 400 nm and strong noise-resistant capability, with which light field images with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) down to -1.62 dB could be well reconstructed. With this approach, we successfully demonstrate the 4D imaging of intracellular organelle dynamics, e.g., mitochondria fission and fusion, with ~5000 times of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Yi
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lanxin Zhu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zhaofei Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Fenghe Zhong
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Luxin Yan
- State Education Commission Key Laboratory for Image Processing and Intelligent Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jiang Tang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Hui Zhang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics-MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Peng Fei
- School of Optical and Electronic Information-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Advanced Biomedical Imaging Facility, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Gupta DP, Bhusal A, Rahman MH, Kim JH, Choe Y, Jang J, Jung HJ, Kim UK, Park JS, Maeng LS, Suk K, Song GJ. EBP50 is a key molecule for the Schwann cell-axon interaction in peripheral nerves. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102544. [PMID: 37940033 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury disrupts the Schwann cell-axon interaction and the cellular communication between them. The peripheral nervous system has immense potential for regeneration extensively due to the innate plastic potential of Schwann cells (SCs) that allows SCs to interact with the injured axons and exert specific repair functions essential for peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we show that EBP50 is essential for the repair function of SCs and regeneration following nerve injury. The increased expression of EBP50 in the injured sciatic nerve of control mice suggested a significant role in regeneration. The ablation of EBP50 in mice resulted in delayed nerve repair, recovery of behavioral function, and remyelination following nerve injury. EBP50 deficiency led to deficits in SC functions, including proliferation, migration, cytoskeleton dynamics, and axon interactions. The adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated local expression of EBP50 improved SCs migration, functional recovery, and remyelination. ErbB2-related proteins were not differentially expressed in EBP50-deficient sciatic nerves following injury. EBP50 binds and stabilizes ErbB2 and activates the repair functions to promote regeneration. Thus, we identified EBP50 as a potent SC protein that can enhance the regeneration and functional recovery driven by NRG1-ErbB2 signaling, as well as a novel regeneration modulator capable of potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Prasad Gupta
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Anup Bhusal
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngshik Choe
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemyung Jang
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Jung
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Un-Kyung Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sung Park
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee-So Maeng
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science and Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Jee Song
- Translational Brain Research Center, International St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Hoboth P, Sztacho M, Quaas A, Akgül B, Hozák P. Quantitative super-resolution microscopy reveals the differences in the nanoscale distribution of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in human healthy skin and skin warts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1217637. [PMID: 37484912 PMCID: PMC10361526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1217637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Imaging of human clinical formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections provides insights into healthy and diseased states and therefore represents a valuable resource for basic research, as well as for diagnostic and clinical purposes. However, conventional light microscopy does not allow to observe the molecular details of tissue and cell architecture due to the diffraction limit of light. Super-resolution microscopy overcomes this limitation and provides access to the nanoscale details of tissue and cell organization. Methods: Here, we used quantitative multicolor stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy to study the nanoscale distribution of the nuclear phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (nPI(4,5)P2) with respect to the nuclear speckles (NS) marker SON. Results: Increased nPI(4,5)P2 signals were previously linked to human papillomavirus (HPV)-mediated carcinogenesis, while NS-associated PI(4,5)P2 represents the largest pool of nPI(4,5)P2 visualized by staining and microscopy. The implementation of multicolor STED nanoscopy in human clinical FFPE skin and wart sections allowed us to provide here the quantitative evidence for higher levels of NS-associated PI(4,5)P2 in HPV-induced warts compared to control skin. Discussion: These data expand the previous reports of HPV-induced increase of nPI(4,5)P2 levels and reveal for the first time the functional, tissue-specific localization of nPI(4,5)P2 within NS in clinically relevant samples. Moreover, our approach is widely applicable to other human clinical FFPE tissues as an informative addition to the classical histochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hoboth
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Sztacho
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Baki Akgül
- Institute of Virology, University of Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Microscopy Centre, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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