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Teshome M. Charting the systemic and cascading impacts of climate change on marine food systems and human health. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 8:e014638. [PMID: 38395450 PMCID: PMC10897373 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
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2
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Heilpern SA, Herrera-R GA, Fiorella KJ, Moya L, Flecker AS, McIntyre PB. Species trait diversity sustains multiple dietary nutrients supplied by freshwater fisheries. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1887-1897. [PMID: 37671723 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Species, through their traits, influence how ecosystems simultaneously sustain multiple functions. However, it is unclear how trait diversity sustains the multiple contributions biodiversity makes to people. Freshwater fisheries nourish hundreds of millions of people globally, but overharvesting and river fragmentation are increasingly affecting catches. We analyse how loss of nutritional trait diversity in consumed fish portfolios affects the simultaneous provisioning of six essential dietary nutrients using household data from the Amazon and Tonlé Sap, two of Earth's most productive and diverse freshwater fisheries. We find that fish portfolios with high trait diversity meet higher thresholds of required daily intakes for a greater variety of nutrients with less fish biomass. This beneficial biodiversity effect is driven by low redundancy in species nutrient content profiles. Our findings imply that sustaining the dietary contributions fish make to people given declining biodiversity could require more biomass and ultimately exacerbate fishing pressure in already-stressed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Heilpern
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Guido A Herrera-R
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kathryn J Fiorella
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Luis Moya
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Iquitos, Perú
| | - Alexander S Flecker
- Deparment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Peter B McIntyre
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Robinson JPW, Mills DJ, Asiedu GA, Byrd K, Mancha Cisneros MDM, Cohen PJ, Fiorella KJ, Graham NAJ, MacNeil MA, Maire E, Mbaru EK, Nico G, Omukoto JO, Simmance F, Hicks CC. Small pelagic fish supply abundant and affordable micronutrients to low- and middle-income countries. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:1075-1084. [PMID: 37118295 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Wild-caught fish provide an irreplaceable source of essential nutrients in food-insecure places. Fishers catch thousands of species, yet the diversity of aquatic foods is often categorized homogeneously as 'fish', obscuring an understanding of which species supply affordable, nutritious and abundant food. Here, we use catch, economic and nutrient data on 2,348 species to identify the most affordable and nutritious fish in 39 low- and middle-income countries. We find that a 100 g portion of fish cost between 10 and 30% of the cheapest daily diet, with small pelagic fish (herring, sardine, anchovy) being the cheapest nutritious fish in 72% of countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, where nutrient deficiencies are rising, <20% of small pelagic catch would meet recommended dietary fish intakes for all children (6 months to 4 years old) living near to water bodies. Nutrition-sensitive policies that ensure local supplies and promote consumption of wild-caught fish could help address nutrient deficiencies in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Mills
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | | | - Kendra Byrd
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, UK
| | - Maria Del Mar Mancha Cisneros
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Philippa J Cohen
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn J Fiorella
- Department of Public & Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - M Aaron MacNeil
- Ocean Frontier Institute, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Eva Maire
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Emmanuel K Mbaru
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Gianluigi Nico
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Johnstone O Omukoto
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Fiona Simmance
- WorldFish, Jalan Batu Maung, Batu Maung, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia
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Quesquén-Fernández RO, Gutiérrez-Romero GA, Haeeun J, Cabrera-Simon AE, Samaniego-Pipo LS. Current status of aquaculture in the Peruvian rainforest: case of Ucayali. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200049x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Quesquén-Fernández RO, Gutiérrez-Romero GA, Haeeun J, Cabrera-Simon AE, Samaniego-Pipo LS. Estado actual de la acuicultura de la Selva Peruana: caso Ucayali. JOURNAL OF THE SELVA ANDINA ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.36610/j.jsaas.2022.090200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Heilpern SA, Sethi SA, Barthem RB, Batista VDS, Doria CRC, Duponchelle F, Vasquez AG, Goulding M, Isaac V, Naeem S, Flecker AS. Biodiversity underpins fisheries resilience to exploitation in the Amazon river basin. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220726. [PMID: 35673861 PMCID: PMC9174703 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inland fisheries feed greater than 150 million people globally, yet their status is rarely assessed due to their socio-ecological complexity and pervasive lack of data. Here, we leverage an unprecedented landings time series from the Amazon, Earth's largest river basin, together with theoretical food web models to examine (i) taxonomic and trait-based signatures of exploitation in inland fish landings and (ii) implications of changing biodiversity for fisheries resilience. In both landings time series and theory, we find that multi-species exploitation of diverse inland fisheries results in a hump-shaped landings evenness curve. Along this trajectory, abundant and large species are sequentially replaced with faster growing and smaller species. Further theoretical analysis indicates that harvests can be maintained for a period of time but that continued biodiversity depletion reduces the pool of compensating species and consequently diminishes fisheries resilience. Critically, higher fisheries biodiversity can delay fishery collapse. Although existing landings data provide an incomplete snapshot of long-term dynamics, our results suggest that multi-species exploitation is affecting freshwater biodiversity and eroding fisheries resilience in the Amazon. More broadly, we conclude that trends in landings evenness could characterize multi-species fisheries development and aid in assessing their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Heilpern
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA,Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Suresh A. Sethi
- U.S. Geological Survey, New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Carolina R. C. Doria
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Porto Velho, Brazil,Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabrice Duponchelle
- Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France,Institute of Research for Development (IRD), MARBEC (Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD), Montpellier, France
| | - Aurea García Vasquez
- Laboratoire Mixte International – Evolution et Domestication de l'Ichtyofaune Amazonienne (LMI - EDIA), IIAP - UAGRM – IRD, Montpellier, France,Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana, Iquitos, Peru
| | | | - Victoria Isaac
- Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander S. Flecker
- Deparment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Farmery AK, White A, Allison EH. Identifying Policy Best-Practices to Support the Contribution of Aquatic Foods to Food and Nutrition Security. Foods 2021; 10:1589. [PMID: 34359459 PMCID: PMC8303926 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between aquatic foods and food nutrition and security is increasingly recognised in policy and practice, yet many governance instruments do not acknowledge or support this important connection. The most effective policy approaches to support the link between these sectors, or 'best practices' are currently unknown. We reviewed relevant governance instruments from multiple countries to identify how these instruments linked fisheries, aquaculture and food security and nutrition, including the policy framing and evidence of political commitment. Of the documents connecting the sectors (65%), the majority did so in the context of developing the fisheries/aquaculture sector to increase aquatic food availability and/or access (51%), followed by developing the fisheries/aquaculture sector as a livelihoods approach to indirectly improve food security (33%), for example, through income generation. Sectoral links established in the context of nutrition-sensitive approaches to fisheries and aquaculture were less common (5%). Almost one third (29%) of instruments supported the connection between aquatic foods and food security and nutrition across three or more different contexts relevant to food security or food systems, while 12% indicated a very high level of commitment. We recommend some key attributes for future policy development to help build coherence between sectors and to help frame coherent food system-based policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K. Farmery
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia
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Heilpern SA, DeFries R, Fiorella K, Flecker A, Sethi SA, Uriarte M, Naeem S. Declining diversity of wild-caught species puts dietary nutrient supplies at risk. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf9967. [PMID: 34049874 PMCID: PMC8163071 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf9967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although biodiversity loss adversely influences a variety of ecosystem functions, how declining wild food diversity affects nutrient supplies for people is poorly understood. Here, we analyze the impact of declining biodiversity on nutrients supplied by fish using detailed information from the Peruvian Amazon, where inland fisheries provide a critical source of nutrition for many of the region's 800,000 people. We found that the impacts of biodiversity loss on nutrient supplies depended on compensation, trophic dynamics, and functional diversity. When small sedentary species compensated for declines in large migratory species, fatty acid supplies increased, while zinc and iron supplies decreased. In contrast, the probability of failing to maintain supplies or nutrient supply risk increased when species were nutritionally unique. Our results show that trait-based regulations and public health polices need to consider biodiversity's vital role in sustaining nutritional benefits for over 2 billion people dependent on wild foods across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A Heilpern
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ruth DeFries
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn Fiorella
- Deparment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Flecker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Suresh A Sethi
- USGS New York Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Unit, Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shahid Naeem
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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