1
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Taghavi SF, Ghorbani M, Panahi M, Nazem S, Karimi M, Salimi V, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. Differential expression levels of β-catenin are associated with invasive behavior of both functional and non-functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET). Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6425-6434. [PMID: 37326745 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research continues to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying pituitary tumor pathogenesis, limited information is available on the potential role and expression profile of β-catenin in functional and non-functional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). METHODS AND RESULTS In the current study, 104 pituitary samples (tumors and cadaveric healthy pituitary tissues) were included and the gene and protein expression levels of β-catenin were assessed by Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The correlation between expression level of β-catenin and tumor invasive feature and size as well as patient age, gender, and hormonal level was measured. The data showed that PitNET samples expressed higher levels of the β-catenin gene and protein compared to healthy pituitary tissues. Although there was no difference in β-catenin expression level between non-functioning (NF-PitNETs) and growth hormone-producing tumors (GH-PitNETs), both tumor types showed significantly elevated β-catenin levels compared to healthy pituitary tissues. The high level of β-catenin in the invasive functional and non-functional tumors is indicative of the association of β-catenin with PitNETs invasion. The expression pattern of the β-catenin gene and protein was consistently and significantly associated with these tumor types. The correlation between β-catenin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in GH-PitNETs indicates the potential relevance of β-catenin and IGF-1 for GH-PitNETs. CONCLUSIONS The simultaneous increase in the expression of β-catenin gene and protein level in PitNET tissues and their relationship to the tumor severity indicates the possible contributing role of β-catenin and its underlying signaling mediators in PitNET pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fahimeh Taghavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ghorbani
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Panahi
- Pathology Department, Firozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Nazem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Karimi
- Department of Immunology, School of medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 1449614535, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Duffy DJ, Krstic A, Schwarzl T, Halasz M, Iljin K, Fey D, Haley B, Whilde J, Haapa-Paananen S, Fey V, Fischer M, Westermann F, Henrich KO, Bannert S, Higgins DG, Kolch W. Wnt signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60310-60331. [PMID: 27531891 PMCID: PMC5312386 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signalling is involved in the formation, metastasis and relapse of a wide array of cancers. However, there is ongoing debate as to whether activation or inhibition of the pathway holds the most promise as a therapeutic treatment for cancer, with conflicting evidence from a variety of tumour types. We show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma and colorectal cancer, with hyper-activation or repression of the pathway both representing a promising therapeutic strategy, even within the same cancer type. Hyper-activation directs cancer cells to undergo apoptosis, even in cells oncogenically driven by β-catenin. Wnt inhibition blocks proliferation of cancer cells and promotes neuroblastoma differentiation. Wnt and retinoic acid co-treatments synergise, representing a promising combination treatment for MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Additionally, we report novel cross-talks between MYCN and β-catenin signalling, which repress normal β-catenin mediated transcriptional regulation. A β-catenin target gene signature could predict patient outcome, as could the expression level of its DNA binding partners, the TCF/LEFs. This β-catenin signature provides a tool to identify neuroblastoma patients likely to benefit from Wnt-directed therapy. Taken together, we show that Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a bi-directional vulnerability of a number of cancer entities, and potentially a more broadly conserved feature of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Duffy
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, USA
| | - Aleksandar Krstic
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thomas Schwarzl
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Current address: European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melinda Halasz
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Dirk Fey
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Bridget Haley
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jenny Whilde
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Vidal Fey
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Bannert
- Division of NB Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Desmond G Higgins
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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3
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Chen Z, Zhou L, Wang L, Kazobinka G, Zhang X, Han X, Li B, Hou T. HBO1 promotes cell proliferation in bladder cancer via activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Mol Carcinog 2017; 57:12-21. [PMID: 28796367 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1 (HBO1), a histone acetyltransferase, was recently identified as an oncoprotein; however, its role in bladder cancer remains unknown. In this study, we showed that HBO1 was highly expressed at both the mRNA and the protein levels in bladder cancer. HBO1 expression was associated with the clinical features of human bladder cancer, including tumor size (P = 0.018) and T (P = 0.007) classifications. Patients with higher HBO1 expression had shorter recurrence-free survival time, whereas patients with lower HBO1 expression had better survival time. Moreover, we found that ectopic overexpression of HBO1 promoted, whereas HBO1 silencing inhibited tumor growth in bladder cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrated that upregulation of HBO1 activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and led to nuclear localization of β-catenin and upregulation of downstream targets of of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that HBO1 plays a key role in the progression of bladder cancer via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Chen
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lijie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Longwang Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Gallina Kazobinka
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Han
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Lu Y, Xie S, Zhang W, Zhang C, Gao C, Sun Q, Cai Y, Xu Z, Xiao M, Xu Y, Huang X, Wu X, Liu W, Wang F, Kang Y, Zhou T. Twa1/Gid8 is a β-catenin nuclear retention factor in Wnt signaling and colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell Res 2017; 27:1422-1440. [PMID: 28829046 PMCID: PMC5717399 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2017.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is one of the major causes of human colorectal cancer (CRC). A hallmark of Wnt signaling is the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Although β-catenin nuclear import and export have been widely investigated, the underlying mechanism of β-catenin's nuclear retention remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Twa1/Gid8 is a key nuclear retention factor for β-catenin during Wnt signaling and colorectal carcinogenesis. In the absence of Wnt, Twa1 exists together with β-catenin in the Axin complex and undergoes ubiquitination and degradation. Upon Wnt signaling, Twa1 translocates into the nucleus, where it binds and retains β-catenin. Depletion of Twa1 attenuates Wnt-stimulated gene expression, dorsal development of zebrafish embryos and xenograft tumor growth of CRC cells. Moreover, nuclear Twa1 is significantly upregulated in human CRC tissues, correlating with the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin and poor prognosis. Thus, our results identify Twa1 as a previously undescribed regulator of the Wnt pathway for promoting colorectal tumorigenesis by facilitating β-catenin nuclear retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Current address: Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhangqi Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Xiao Huang
- Institute of Cellular and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Tianhua Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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5
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Pai SG, Carneiro BA, Mota JM, Costa R, Leite CA, Barroso-Sousa R, Kaplan JB, Chae YK, Giles FJ. Wnt/beta-catenin pathway: modulating anticancer immune response. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:101. [PMID: 28476164 PMCID: PMC5420131 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling, a highly conserved pathway through evolution, regulates key cellular functions including proliferation, differentiation, migration, genetic stability, apoptosis, and stem cell renewal. The Wnt pathway mediates biological processes by a canonical or noncanonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. β-catenin is a core component of the cadherin protein complex, whose stabilization is essential for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. As multiple aberrations in this pathway occur in numerous cancers, WNT-directed therapy represents an area of significant developmental therapeutics focus. The recently described role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in regulating immune cell infiltration of the tumor microenvironment renewed the interest, given its potential impact on responses to immunotherapy treatments. This article summarizes the role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer and ongoing therapeutic strategies involving this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Gopalkrishna Pai
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Current Address: Department of Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, 1660 Springhill Avenue, Mobile, AL, USA.
| | - Benedito A Carneiro
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jose Mauricio Mota
- Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Costa
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Jason Benjamin Kaplan
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francis Joseph Giles
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Yoshii S, Hayashi Y, Takehara T. Early gastric cancer with a remarkable morphological change within a short period of time. Dig Endosc 2016; 28:612. [PMID: 26940947 DOI: 10.1111/den.12647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Yoshii
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Takehara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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7
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CTNNB1-mutant colorectal carcinomas with immediate invasive growth: a model of interval cancers in Lynch syndrome. Fam Cancer 2016; 15:579-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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8
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Abstract
The adrenal gland consists of two distinct parts, the cortex and the medulla. Molecular mechanisms controlling differentiation and growth of the adrenal gland have been studied in detail using mouse models. Knowledge also came from investigations of genetic disorders altering adrenal development and/or function. During embryonic development, the adrenal cortex acquires a structural and functional zonation in which the adrenal cortex is divided into three different steroidogenic zones. Significant progress has been made in understanding adrenal zonation. Recent lineage tracing experiments have accumulated evidence for a centripetal differentiation of adrenocortical cells from the subcapsular area to the inner part of the adrenal cortex. Understanding of the mechanism of adrenocortical cancer (ACC) development was stimulated by knowledge of adrenal gland development. ACC is a rare cancer with a very poor overall prognosis. Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin as well as the IGF2 signaling plays an important role in ACC development. Studies examining rare genetic syndromes responsible for familial ACT have played an important role in identifying genetic alterations in these tumors (like TP53 or CTNNB1 mutations as well as IGF2 overexpression). Recently, genomic analyses of ACT have shown gene expression profiles associated with malignancy as well as chromosomal and methylation alterations in ACT and exome sequencing allowed to describe the mutational landscape of these tumors. This progress leads to a new classification of these tumors, opening new perspectives for the diagnosis and prognostication of ACT. This review summarizes current knowledge of adrenocortical development, growth, and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Lefèvre
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France Cnrs, UMR8104, Paris, France Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France Department of Endocrinology, Referral Center for Rare Adrenal Diseases, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, France
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9
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Chiang JM, Tan R, Wang JY, Chen JS, Lee YS, Hsieh PS, Changchien CR, Chen JR. S100P, a calcium-binding protein, is preferentially associated with the growth of polypoid tumors in colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Med 2015; 35:675-83. [PMID: 25585623 PMCID: PMC4314409 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with distinct morphological patterns. It has been shown that polypoid and ulcerative CRC displays different genetic alterations. In the present study, we aimed to investigate genes with differential expression patterns between ulcerative and polypoid CRC. cDNA microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression profiles in samples of ulcerative and polypoid CRC with paired normal mucosa samples. Potential candidate genes were further validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The epigenetic regulation of gene expression was investigated using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). cDNA microarray analysis identified 11 upregulated and 14 downregulated genes which were differentially expressed in samples from both tumor types compared to the matched normal mucosa samples. Among these, S100P was the only upregulated gene preferentially associated with polypoid CRC (P=0.032). The samples of polypoid CRC displayed significantly higher S100P protein and mRNA expression levels than the samples of ulcerative CRC (P<0.05, respectively). Using semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analyses, S100P overexpression was found to be preferentially associated with polypoid CRC (24/30 vs. 14/40, P<0.001). The relative methylation level determined by MSP did not differ significantly between the samples of polypoid and ulcerative CRC (43.36 vs. 49.10%, P=0.168), indicating that promoter hypomethylation was not directly related to the upregulation of S100P mRNA. Our results demonstrate that the upregulation of S100P mRNA and protein expression is a predominant characteristic in polypoid CRC, whereas ulcerative CRC presents with a wide range of expression levels, indicating that S100P overexpression is not a key determinant in conferring invasion properties. The clinicopathological significance of S100P in CRC requires further investigation in well-controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jy-Ming Chiang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Reping Tan
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Yi Wang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jinn-Shium Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Research Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Pao-Shiu Hsieh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chung Rong Changchien
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jim-Ray Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan, R.O.C
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10
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is likely to join nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) as the third gaseous transmitter, influencing an array of intracellular signaling cascades. Thus, H2S is implicated in numerous physiological processes and in the pathology of various diseases. RECENT ADVANCES H2S-donating agents that liberate H2S slowly either alone or in combination with NO, the so-called NOSH compounds, are being synthesized, and these have been shown to have great potential against cancer. CRITICAL ISSUES An accurate determination of H2S levels is challenging. H2S and NO share many similar actions; do these similarities act to potentiate each other? Since many actions of H2S appear to be mediated through inhibition of inflammation and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells is a central player in this scenario, does S-nitrosylation of this transcription factor by NO affect its S-sulfhydration by H2S and vice versa? FUTURE DIRECTIONS Deciphering the molecular targets of these novel hybrid agents and having genetically engineered animals should help us move toward targeted therapeutic applications. Human safety data with these new hybrids is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School , New York, New York
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11
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Shi Y, Li J, Wu SY, Qin L, Jiao YF. BRAF mutation is associated with the unique morphology of traditional serrated adenoma of the colorectum. Int J Surg Pathol 2013; 21:442-8. [PMID: 23960272 DOI: 10.1177/1066896913499628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Traditional serrated adenoma (TSA) consists of glands with tall cells and short cells. Two kinds of cells alternate to give a unique serrated configuration. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between the alterations of both Wnt and serrated pathways and the unique morphology of TSAs. The tall and short cells in 28 TSAs were separated by microdissection. Semi-nested polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the mutations of BRAF, β-catenin, APC, and KRAS. BRAF mutations were observed in 22 of 28 (78.6%) TSAs, and all mutations occurred at the tall cells. In conclusion, BRAF mutation is associated with the serrated morphology of TSAs. Genetic alterations in both the serrated pathway and the Wnt signaling pathway may both contribute to TSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- 1The Second Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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The proapoptotic effect of traditional and novel nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in mammalian and yeast cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:504230. [PMID: 23983899 PMCID: PMC3747411 DOI: 10.1155/2013/504230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. However, mounting evidence shows that NSAIDs, such as aspirin, have very promising antineoplastic properties. The chemopreventive, antiproliferative behaviour of NSAIDs has been associated with both their inactivation of cyclooxygenases (COX) and their ability to induce apoptosis via pathways that are largely COX-independent. In this review, the various proapoptotic pathways induced by traditional and novel NSAIDs such as phospho-NSAIDs, hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAIDs and nitric oxide-releasing NSAIDs in mammalian cell lines are discussed, as well as the proapoptotic effects of NSAIDs on budding yeast which retains the hallmarks of mammalian apoptosis. The significance of these mechanisms in terms of the role of NSAIDs in effective cancer prevention is considered.
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13
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Prognostic significance of Wnt-1, β-catenin and E-cadherin expression in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2011; 17:955-63. [PMID: 21678109 PMCID: PMC3185231 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in initiation and progression of colorectal oncogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine expression and localization of E-cadherin, β-catenin and Wnt-1 proteins in colorectal tumors. Expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin and Wnt-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry on advanced colorectal cancers. Abnormal expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, Wnt-1 was observed. Additionally, we revealed correlations between levels of studied proteins and histoclinical data. In multivariate analysis nuclear β-catenin, higher carcinoembryonic antigen serum level before treatment, female sex and tumor localized in colon or rectum were independent unfavorable prognostic factors. These findings support the hypothesis that Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an important role in advanced colorectal carcinoma.
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14
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Gaujoux S, Grabar S, Fassnacht M, Ragazzon B, Launay P, Libé R, Chokri I, Audebourg A, Royer B, Sbiera S, Vacher-Lavenu MC, Dousset B, Bertagna X, Allolio B, Bertherat J, Tissier F. β-catenin activation is associated with specific clinical and pathologic characteristics and a poor outcome in adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 17:328-36. [PMID: 21088256 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is frequent in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and might be associated with a more aggressive phenotype. The objective of this study was to assess the prognostic value of β-catenin immunohistochemistry and CTNNB1 (β-catenin gene)/APC (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) mutations in patients with resected primary ACC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In 79 patients with resected primary ACC from a French cohort (Cochin-COMETE), β-catenin expression was assessed on tumor specimens by immunohistochemistry. For patients with available DNA (n = 49), CTNNB1, and APC hotspot (mutation cluster region), were sequenced. Association between these results and the clinicopathologic characteristics of the ACC and overall and disease-free survival were studied. Results were confirmed on a tissue microarray from an independent multicentric cohort of 92 ACC from Germany (German-ENSAT cohort). RESULTS In the Cochin-COMETE cohort, the presence of a β-catenin nuclear staining was significantly associated with a higher ENSAT tumor stage (i.e., stages III and IV), higher Weiss score, more frequent necrosis, mitoses, and CTNNB1/APC mutations. β-Catenin nuclear staining and the presence of CTNNB1/APC mutations were both associated with decreased overall and disease-free survival, and were independent predictive factors of survival in multivariate analysis. The same results were observed in the German-ENSAT cohort. CONCLUSIONS Wnt/β-catenin activation, confirmed by the presence of β-catenin nuclear staining, is an independent prognostic factor of overall and disease-free survival in patients with resected primary ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Gaujoux
- Cochin Institute, Paris Descartes University, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France
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Li HL, Wang JL, Wang GB, Tao KX. GSK-3β: a key regulator in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2992-2996. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i28.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway plays an important role in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3β) is a multi-functional serine/threonine kinase that plays an important regulatory role in the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway. However, there are two opposing views on the role of GSK-3β in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. On one hand, some researchers believe that inhibition of GSK-3β can promote tumor initiation and progression, and tumor growth will be inhibited if GSK-3β is activated. On the other hand, some other researchers hold the view that inhibition of GSK-3β can prevent tumor development, and the initiation and progression of tumors will be promoted if GSK-3β is activated. In this paper, we will review the roles that the Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction pathway and GSK-3β play in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.
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Beta-catenin expression is altered in dysplastic and nondysplastic aberrant crypt foci of human colon. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2009; 17:294-300. [PMID: 19247180 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0b013e318194525c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colon are possible precursors of adenoma and cancer. beta-catenin alterations are early events in human colorectal carcinogenesis. beta-catenin expression is altered in colorectal cancer, adenoma, and ACF with dysplasia. Here, we describe the expression of beta-catenin in ACF, especially nondysplastic ACF. METHODS Rectal chromoscopy with 4% indigo carmine was performed on 418 subjects and 146 biopsy specimens, including 10 dysplastic ACF, 106 nondysplastic ACF, and 30 normal colonic mucosal controls taken under endoscopy. The expression and subcellular distribution of beta-catenin were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS beta-catenin expression was altered in 1 of 30 (3.3%) normal mucosa, 30 of 106 (28.3%) nondysplastic ACF, and 10 of 10 (100%) dysplastic ACF (P<0.001). Notably, most cells with altered beta-catenin expression in nondysplastic ACF were limited to the bottom of the crypt, where stem cells are located. CONCLUSIONS Both dysplastic and nondysplastic ACF have altered beta-catenin expression and play a role in colon tumorigenesis.
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Qin YJ, Zhou XY, Shi DR. Aberrant expression and mutation of β-catenin in sporadic colorectal cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2009; 17:2385-2390. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v17.i23.2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To observe the aberrant expression and mutation of β-catenin in sporadic colorectal cancer (SCRC) and explore their correlation with clinicopathological features.
METHODS: Ninety SCRC samples and 22 sporadic colorectal adenoma samples were used in this study. The aberrant expression of β-catenin was detected by immunohistochemistry. PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing were used to identify β-catenin gene mutations.
RESULTS: In normal colorectal mucosa, β-catenin was distributed on the plasma membrane, without aberrant cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation. The aberrant cytoplasmic and nuclear expression rates of β-catenin in SCRC were higher than those in sporadic colorectal adenomas (88.9% vs 59.1% and 41.1% vs 18.2%, respectively, P < 0.05), respectively. The aberrant cytoplasmic expression of β-catenin was significantly correlated with tumor growth pattern and differentiation (P < 0.05). The aberrant nuclear expression rate of β-catenin in ulcerative lesions was higher than that in protruding lesions (50.0% vs 26.5%, P < 0.05). Aberrant nuclear expression of β-catenin was frequently observed in the invasive front of SCRC. β-catenin gene mutation was identified in one out of 90 SCRC samples, but was not identified in all sporadic colorectal adenoma samples.
CONCLUSION: Aberrant cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of β-catenin may play an important role in the development and progression of SCRC. β-catenin mutation may not be the primary cause of aberrant β-catenin expression in SCRC.
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Wang J, Wang X, Gong W, Mi B, Liu S, Jiang B. Increased expression of beta-catenin, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta, cyclin D1, and c-myc in laterally spreading colorectal tumors. J Histochem Cytochem 2008; 57:363-71. [PMID: 19064714 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.2008.953091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are considered a special subtype of superficial colorectal tumor. This study was performed to characterize the clinicopathological features and examine activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in LSTs and protruded-type colorectal adenomas (PAs). Fifty LSTs and 54 PAs were collected, and their clinicopathological characteristics were compared. The expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), phosphorylated GSK-3beta, (phospho-GSK-3beta), cyclin D1, and c-myc was investigated by immunohistochemical staining on serial sections. Patients with LSTs were significantly older than those bearing PAs (63.4 vs 47.4 years old; p<0.001). The mean size of LSTs was significantly larger than that of PAs (27.0 mm vs 14.6 mm; p<0.01). Forty-eight percent of LSTs were located in the proximal colon, which was significantly higher than that of PAs (18.5%; p<0.05). Expression of beta-catenin, phospho-GSK-3beta, cyclin D1, and c-myc was significantly increased in LSTs compared with PAs (p<0.05). However, E-cadherin and total GSK-3beta expression was not significantly different between the two groups. The level of beta-catenin expression correlated strongly with phospho-GSK-3beta, cyclin D1, and c-myc expression in LSTs but not in PAs. Our findings suggest that activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway is more prevalent in LSTs than in PAs, suggesting that phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of GSK-3beta may be involved in LST carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Expressions of Beta-catenin, E-cadherin and MMP-7 in ovarian epithelial tumors. Chin J Cancer Res 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-008-0190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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20
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Hahn-Strömberg V, Edvardsson H, Bodin L, Franzén L. Disturbed expression of E-cadherin, beta-catenin and tight junction proteins in colon carcinoma is unrelated to growth pattern and genetic polymorphisms. APMIS 2008; 116:253-62. [PMID: 18397460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00894.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion proteins are responsible for the structural integrity of epithelial tissue and in tumors this integrity is often lost, resulting in a disorganization of the tissue. In the present study the complexity of the invasive front of colon carcinomas was correlated with cell adhesion protein expression and with polymorphisms in their genes. A complexity index was constructed from 32 colon carcinomas using computer-assisted morphometry estimating fractal dimension and tumor cell clusters followed by tree analysis. Immunohistochemical staining of beta-catenin, E-cadherin, occludin and claudin 2 was used for assessment of protein expression. Genetic screening of tissue from the tumor invasion front with laser microdissection was performed using SSCP and DNA sequencing. Adhesion protein distribution was significantly disturbed in most carcinomas. A single mutation in the gene of beta-catenin was found but there was no correlation between protein expression and genetic polymorphism. Nor was there any correlation between the complexity of the invasive border and protein distribution or genetic alterations. The results indicate that the complexity of colon carcinoma invasion is not dependent on genetic derangements in the genes of adhesion proteins or the protein distribution. Rather, aberrations in the function of other proteins related to the adhesive proteins could be responsible.
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Leinonen T, Pirinen R, Böhm J, Johansson R, Ropponen K, Kosma VM. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases 7 and 9 in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2006; 51:313-21. [PMID: 16423426 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been shown to have a significant role in determining cancer cell behaviour. The present study was undertaken to analyze the expression and prognostic value of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The relationship of MMP-7 with beta-catenin was also evaluated. The study consists of 212 patients with resected NSCLC. Tumour samples were stained immunohistochemically, and the expression of MMP-7 and MMP-9 was evaluated in both tumour cells and peritumoural stromal tissue. The results were compared to clinicopathological factors of the patients. A high staining of MMP-7 and MMP-9 in tumour cells was noted in 62 (30%) and 113 (57%) cases, respectively. Expression of MMP-7 was noted more often in adenocarcinomas than in other histological types (p=0.022). High cancer cell associated MMP-7 was related to lower T-factor (p=0.037), better tumour differentiation (p=0.005) and normal beta-catenin expression in tumour cells (p=0.001). A high MMP-9 expression in tumour cells was related to poor tumour differentiation (p=0.016). The stromal signal for MMP-9 was observed in 58 (32%) cases and was linked with higher tumour grade (p=0.031). In survival analyses the significant predictors of survival were histological type of tumour and tumour stage (p=0.0009 and 0.0012, respectively). MMP-7 or MMP-9 signals were not related to patient's outcome. The results show that high MMP-9 expression indicates aggressive, and high MMP-7 less aggressive tumour behaviour in NSCLC. However, MMP-7 and MMP-9 expressions had no prognostic value in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tero Leinonen
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Kuopio and Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:2858-2861. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i24.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Doucas H, Garcea G, Neal CP, Manson MM, Berry DP. Changes in the Wnt signalling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers and their prognostic significance. Eur J Cancer 2005; 41:365-79. [PMID: 15691635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many steps in the Wnt signalling pathway may be altered during the process of carcinogenesis. This Review focuses on the changes observed in gastrointestinal cancers. A literature search was undertaken and the currently available data summarised. Understanding the alterations to this signalling pathway may help to reveal future targets for therapeutic agents. In addition, since in some tumours, levels of components of the Wnt pathway have been found to correlate with clinical stage, their potential use as prognostic indicators is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Doucas
- Department of Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
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Kohno H, Suzuki R, Sugie S, Tanaka T. Beta-Catenin mutations in a mouse model of inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and dextran sodium sulfate. Cancer Sci 2005; 96:69-76. [PMID: 15723650 PMCID: PMC11159258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2005.00020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we developed a novel mouse model for colitis-related carcinogenesis, utilizing a single dose of azoxymethane (AOM) followed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water. In the present study, we investigated whether colonic neoplasms can be developed in mice initiated with a single injection of another genotoxic colonic carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), instead of AOM and followed by exposure of DSS in drinking water. Male crj: CD-1 (ICR) mice were given a single intraperitoneal administration (10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight) of DMH and 1-week oral exposure (2% in drinking water) of a non-genotoxic carcinogen, DSS. All animals were killed at week 20, histological alterations and immunohistochemical expression of beta-catenin, cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were examined in induced colonic epithelial lesions (colonic dysplasias and neoplasms). Also, the beta-catenin gene mutations in paraffin-embedded colonic adenocarcinomas were analyzed by the single strand conformation polymorphism method, restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing. The incidences of colonic neoplasms with dysplastic lesions developed were 100% with 2.29+/-0.95 multiplicity, and 100% with 10.38+/-4.00 multiplicity in mice given DMH at doses of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg and 2%DSS, respectively. Although approximately half of the mice given DMH at a dose of 40 mg/kg bodyweight were dead after 2-3 days after the injection, mice who received DMH 40 mg/kg and 2%DSS had 100% incidence of colonic neoplasms with 9.75+/-6.29 multiplicity. Immunohistochemical investigation revealed that adnocarcinomas, induced by DMH at all doses and 2%DSS, showed positive reactivities against beta-catenin, COX-2 and iNOS. In DMH/DSS-induced adenocarcinomas, 10 of 11 (90.9%) adenocacrcinomas had beta-catenin gene mutations. Half of the mutations were detected at codon 37 or 41, encoding serine and threonine that are direct targets for phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. The present results suggests that, as in the previously reported model (AOM/DSS) our experimental protocol, DMH initiation followed by DSS, may provide a novel and useful mouse model for investigating inflammation-related colon carcinogenesis and for identifying xenobiotics with modifying effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kohno
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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Abstract
Nitric-oxide-donating nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs), which consist of an NSAID with an NO-donating moiety covalently attached to it, promise to contribute significantly towards the development of effective chemoprevention strategies against cancer. NO-NSAIDs inhibit the growth of cultured cancer cells 10-6000-fold more potently than their parent NSAIDs and prevent colon cancer in animal tumor models. Clinical data indicate that they are extremely safe. Mechanistically, NO-aspirin, the best-studied NO-NSAID, has pleiotropic effects on cell signaling (it inhibits Wnt signaling, induces nitric oxide synthase and NF-kappaB activation and induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression), and this mechanistic redundancy might be central to its mode of action against cancer. The apparent safety and superior efficacy of NO-NSAIDs makes them promising chemopreventive agents against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil Rigas
- Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8160, USA.
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Chiang JM, Wu Chou YH, Ma SC, Chen JR. Influence of age on adenomatous polyposis coli and p53 mutation frequency in sporadic colorectal cancer?rarity of co-occurrence of mutations in APC, K-ras, and p53 genes. Virchows Arch 2004; 445:465-71. [PMID: 15449054 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-1116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 08/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have investigated the possibility that specific mutations may be related to specific clinicopathological features. However, most previous investigations included only an average age (40-80 years) group of sporadic colorectal cancers and, moreover, studied only a single gene in isolation. Therefore, the influence of age on these mutation frequencies remains unclear, despite age being considered a risk factor for genetic mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 122 sporadic colorectal cancers from three different age groups and analyzed mutation frequencies of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), K-ras, and p53 genes and microsatellite instability to determine their mutation frequencies and relationships with clinicopathological features. RESULTS Significantly lower p53 mutation frequencies were observed among young (32 years old or younger) and old (86 years old or older) patient groups compared with an average age (39-85 years old) patient group (14.3% and 19.2% versus 51.5%, P<0.001). APC mutation frequency (11.8%) was significantly lower in highly aggressive (Dukes' stage D) tumors ( P=0.003) than in the other stage tumors (Dukes' stage A, B, and C). Additionally, simultaneous occurrence of all three genetic alterations in an individual tumor was rare (below 5%). Statistical analysis further confirmed that mutation number in Dukes' D tumors occurred less frequently than expected in other stage tumors ( P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Genetic alterations of sporadic colorectal cancers have different relationships with age or tumor stage. Additionally, most sporadic colorectal tumors do not necessarily require following the widely accepted genetic model, because the three key genetic mutations, APC, K-ras, and p53, rarely occur simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jy-Ming Chiang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing St., Kuei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
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Schmidt CR, Washington MK, Gi YJ, Coffey RJ, Beauchamp RD, Pearson AS. Dysregulation of E-cadherin by oncogenic ras in intestinal epithelial cells is blocked by inhibiting MAP kinase. Am J Surg 2003; 186:426-30. [PMID: 14599601 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2003.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in oncogenic Ras contribute to colorectal tumorigenesis. Loss of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin is associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. METHODS Expression of oncogenic Ras was induced in intestinal epithelial cells. Changes in cell morphology, E-cadherin protein expression, and E-cadherin localization were examined by light microscopy, Western blot, and immunofluorescence respectively. Expression of E-cadherin in human colorectal tumors was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Induction of oncogenic Ras results in an epithelial to mesenchymal transformation with loss of membranous E-cadherin expression and mis-localization to the cytoplasm. Removal of Ras stimulus or blockade of the MAP kinase pathway allowed reversion to a normal cellular phenotype and return of E-cadherin to the cell membrane. Loss of or decreased expression of E-cadherin was observed in seven of eight colorectal tumors. CONCLUSIONS Oncogenic Ras contributes to malignant transformation and altered E-cadherin expression in intestinal epithelial cells. Similar dysregulation of E-cadherin is found in human colorectal tumors. Ras effects on E-cadherin are critical to malignant transformation in our in-vitro model and may be an important event in human colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl R Schmidt
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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Zhang ZK, Lin D, Wang EH, Guan Y. Expression of P120ctn in non-small-cell lung cancer: A clinicopathological study. Chin J Cancer Res 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-002-0060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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