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Baughan SL, Darwiche F, Tainsky MA. Functional Analysis of ATM variants in a high risk cohort provides insight into missing heritability. Cancer Genet 2022; 264-265:40-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Nowak B, Ichikawa S, Ohtawa M, Matsuda A, Plunkett W. Repair of DNA damage induced by the novel nucleoside analogue CNDAG through homologous recombination. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:661-672. [PMID: 32072218 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We postulate that the deoxyguanosine analogue CNDAG [9-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)guanine] likely causes a single-strand break after incorporation into DNA, similar to the action of its cytosine congener CNDAC, and that subsequent DNA replication across the unrepaired nick would generate a double-strand break. This study aimed at identifying cellular responses and repair mechanisms for CNDAG prodrugs, 2-amino-9-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)-6-methoxy purine (6-OMe) and 9-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-1-β-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (6-NH2). Each compound is a substrate for adenosine deaminase, the action of which generates CNDAG. METHODS Growth inhibition assay, clonogenic survival assay, immunoblotting, and cytogenetic analyses (chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges) were used to investigate the impact of CNDAG on cell lines. RESULTS The 6-NH2 derivative was selectively potent in T cell malignant cell lines. Both prodrugs caused increased phosphorylation of ATM and its downstream substrates Chk1, Chk2, SMC1, NBS1, and H2AX, indicating activation of ATM-dependent DNA damage response pathways. In contrast, there was no increase in phosphorylation of DNA-PKcs, which participates in repair of double-strand breaks by non-homologous end-joining. Deficiency in ATM, RAD51D, XRCC3, BRCA2, and XPF, but not DNA-PK or p53, conferred significant clonogenic sensitivity to CNDAG or the prodrugs. Moreover, hamster cells lacking XPF acquired remarkably more chromosomal aberrations after incubation for two cell cycle times with CNDAG 6-NH2, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, CNDAG 6-NH2 induced greater levels of sister chromatid exchanges in wild-type cells exposed for two cycles than those for one cycle, consistent with increased double-strand breaks after a second S phase. CONCLUSION CNDAG-induced double-strand breaks are repaired mainly through homologous recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yingjun Jiang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Billie Nowak
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohtawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - William Plunkett
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA.
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Vick EJ, Richardson N, Patel K, Delgado Ramos GM, Altahan A, Alloway T, Martin MG. Age-Related Chromosomal Aberrations in Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An In Silico Approach. World J Oncol 2018; 9:97-103. [PMID: 30220946 PMCID: PMC6134989 DOI: 10.14740/wjon1136w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), chromosomal aberrations are known to increase with advancing age. Our study aims to determine if there are other genetic aberrations associated with DLBCL based on age. Methods Using the Mitelman Database of Genetic Aberrations, we were able to find 749 cases of DLBCL with genomic aberrations with a median age of 62 years. Patients with DLBCL chromosomal aberration analysis results were divided into four groups based on age (0 - 30, 31 - 50, 51 - 70, > 71 years) and examined by chi-square analysis and Mantel-Cox for survival analysis. Results Ten aberrations were found to be significant with a particular age range: t(2;3), trisomy 19p13, trisomy 18q21, trisomy 3, trisomy 7, trisomy 14, trisomy 16, trisomy 18, monosomy 3 and monosomy 11, and survival ranged from 7 to 25 months. Conclusion This suggests that patients with DLBCL are likely to accumulate specific translocations depending on their age at the onset of DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Vick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Noah Richardson
- College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kruti Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Glenda M. Delgado Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alaa Altahan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taylor Alloway
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael G. Martin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The West Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Cuceu C, Hempel WM, Sabatier L, Bosq J, Carde P, M'kacher R. Chromosomal Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: An In-Depth Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040091. [PMID: 29587466 PMCID: PMC5923346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long-term follow-up, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumor biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinics. HL is a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies. Nonetheless, approximately 15–20% of patients with advanced stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated, leading to treatment-related late sequelae, including solid tumors and organ dysfunction. The malignant cells in HL are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Here, we review the chromosomal instability mechanisms in HL, starting with the cellular origin of neoplastic cells and the mechanisms supporting HL pathogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of the microenvironment, including the influence of viruses and macrophages on the induction of chromosomal instability in HL. We discuss the emerging possibilities to exploit these aberrations as prognostic biomarkers and guides for personalized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Cuceu
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - William M Hempel
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Departement of Anapathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Radhia M'kacher
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
- Cell Environment, DNA damages R&D, Oncology section, 75020 Paris, France.
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Distinct Patterns of Acral Melanoma Based on Site and Relative Sun Exposure. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 138:384-393. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sanmartín E, Muñoz L, Piqueras M, Sirerol JA, Berlanga P, Cañete A, Castel V, Font de Mora J. Deletion of 11q in Neuroblastomas Drives Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:6875-6887. [PMID: 28830922 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Despite advances in multimodal therapy, neuroblastomas with hemizygous deletion in chromosome 11q (20%-30%) undergo consecutive recurrences with poor outcome. We hypothesized that patients with 11q-loss may share a druggable molecular target(s) that can be exploited for a precision medicine strategy to improve treatment outcome.Experimental Design: SNP arrays were combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) to precisely define the deleted region in 17 primary 11q-loss neuroblastomas and identify allelic variants in genes relevant for neuroblastoma etiology. We assessed PARP inhibitor olaparib in combination with other chemotherapy medications using both in vitro and in vivo models.Results: We detected that ATM haploinsufficiency and ATM allelic variants are common genetic hallmarks of 11q-loss neuroblastomas. On the basis of the distinct DNA repair pathways triggered by ATM and PARP, we postulated that 11q-loss may define a subgroup of neuroblastomas with higher sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Noteworthy, concomitant treatment with olaparib and DNA alkylating agent temozolomide potently inhibited growth of cell lines harboring 11q-loss. This drug synergism was less potent when temozolomide was exchanged for cisplatin or irinotecan. Intact 11q cells concomitantly treated with ATM inhibitor displayed growth arrest and enhanced apoptosis, revealing a role for ATM in the mechanism that mediates sensitivity to temozolomide-olaparib. Interestingly, functional TP53 is required for efficacy of this treatment. In an in vivo model, coadministration of temozolomide-olaparib resulted in sustained xenograft regression.Conclusions: Our findings reveal a potent synergism between temozolomide and olaparib in treatment of neuroblastomas with 11q-loss and provide a rationale for further clinical investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 6875-87. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sanmartín
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lisandra Muñoz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Piqueras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Antoni Sirerol
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Berlanga
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adela Cañete
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Victoria Castel
- Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Font de Mora
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain. .,Clinical and Translational Research in Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Rodig SJ, Cheng J, Wardzala J, DoRosario A, Scanlon JJ, Laga AC, Martinez-Fernandez A, Barletta JA, Bellizzi AM, Sadasivam S, Holloway DT, Cooper DJ, Kupper TS, Wang LC, DeCaprio JA. Improved detection suggests all Merkel cell carcinomas harbor Merkel polyomavirus. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:4645-53. [PMID: 23114601 DOI: 10.1172/jci64116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A human polyomavirus was recently discovered in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) specimens. The Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) genome undergoes clonal integration into the host cell chromosomes of MCC tumors and expresses small T antigen and truncated large T antigen. Previous studies have consistently reported that MCPyV can be detected in approximately 80% of all MCC tumors. We sought to increase the sensitivity of detection of MCPyV in MCC by developing antibodies capable of detecting large T antigen by immunohistochemistry. In addition, we expanded the repertoire of quantitative PCR primers specific for MCPyV to improve the detection of viral DNA in MCC. Here we report that a novel monoclonal antibody detected MCPyV large T antigen expression in 56 of 58 (97%) unique MCC tumors. PCR analysis specifically detected viral DNA in all 60 unique MCC tumors tested. We also detected inactivating point substitution mutations of TP53 in the two MCC specimens that lacked large T antigen expression and in only 1 of 56 tumors positive for large T antigen. These results indicate that MCPyV is present in MCC tumors more frequently than previously reported and that mutations in TP53 tend to occur in MCC tumors that fail to express MCPyV large T antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Rodig
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Economopoulou P, Pappa V, Papageorgiou S, Dervenoulas J, Economopoulos T. Abnormalities of DNA repair mechanisms in common hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:567-82. [DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2010.551155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Xing J, Wu X, Vaporciyan AA, Spitz MR, Gu J. Prognostic significance of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated, DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, and Ku heterodimeric regulatory complex 86-kD subunit expression in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer. Cancer 2008; 112:2756-64. [PMID: 18457328 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.23533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The double-strand break (DSB) repair capacity has been implicated in the survival of patients in several cancer types. However, little is known about the prognostic importance of the key DSB repair genes-ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), and the Ku heterodimeric regulatory complex 86-kD subunit (Ku80)-in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address this issue, the authors determined the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of these genes in patients NSCLC and assessed their prognostic relevance. METHODS mRNA expression levels of ATM, DNA-PKcs, and Ku80 were measured in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 140 patients with NSCLC by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Then, a Cox proportional hazards regression model and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate the association between the tumor:normal (T/N) expression ratios of the 3 genes and the overall survival rate and duration in patients with NSCLC. RESULTS mRNA expression of ATM and DNA-PKcs, but not of Ku80, was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P=.003 and P<.001, respectively). The high T/N expression ratios of ATM and DNA-PKcs were associated significantly with a 1.82-fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.05-2.70) and a 2.13-fold increased risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.76), respectively. However, no significant association with risk was observed for Ku80. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that patients with high T/N expression ratios of ATM or DNA-PKcs had notably shorter median survival than patients with low ratios. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggested that the T/N expression ratios of ATM and DNA-PKcs may be useful for identifying NSCLC patients with a poor prognosis who may benefit from more aggressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Xing
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Bose S, Starczynski J, Chukwuma M, Baumforth K, Wei W, Morgan S, Byrd P, Ying J, Grundy R, Mann JR, Tao Q, Taylor AMR, Murray PG, Stankovic T. Down-regulation of ATM protein in HRS cells of nodular sclerosis Hodgkin's lymphoma in children occurs in the absence ofATMgene inactivation. J Pathol 2007; 213:329-36. [PMID: 17876757 DOI: 10.1002/path.2232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumour component of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, are believed to be derived from germinal centre (GC) B cells but intriguingly display a characteristic loss of B cell receptor (BCR) expression. The precise mechanisms by which BCR-negative HRS cell progenitors survive negative selection during the GC reaction remain obscure. Individuals with ataxia telangiectasia, caused by biallelic inactivation of the DNA damage response gene, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), have a higher risk of cHL development. Here we show that, in contrast to normal GC B cells that expressed low but detectable ATM protein, ATM protein was not detected in HRS cells of 17/18 cases of paediatric cHL, all but one with nodular sclerosis (NS) subtype. A comprehensive analysis of the ATM gene in microdissected HRS cells of nine representative tumours showed no evidence of either loss of heterozygosity or consistent pathogenic mutations. Furthermore, bisulphite sequencing of the ATM promoter from HRS cells of five tumours also revealed the absence of hypermethylation. Since our microarray data suggested significantly reduced ATM transcription in HRS cells compared to GC B cells, we conclude that loss of ATM expression could be the result of alterations in upstream regulators of ATM transcription. Importantly, ATM loss in paediatric cHLs has clinical implications and could be potentially exploited to guide future, less toxic, tumour-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bose
- CRUK Institute for Cancer Research, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Gumy-Pause F, Wacker P, Maillet P, Betts DR, Sappino AP. ATM alterations in childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 166:101-11. [PMID: 16631465 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 09/09/2005] [Accepted: 09/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ATM gene alterations and impaired ATM protein expression have been described in various adult lymphoproliferative malignancies, suggesting that ATM contributes to lymphomagenesis. The present study investigated the prevalence of ATM gene and ATM protein expression alterations in sporadic childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Twenty-seven cases of NHL were screened for ATM mutations by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Direct and indirect criteria, including in silico tools, were used to classify the gene alterations. The methylation status of the ATM promoter CpG island was determined in 25 samples; ATM protein expression was assessed by Western blot in 9 lymphomas. ATM alterations were detected in 12 NHLs (44%). Ten different heterozygous base substitutions were identified in 10 NHLs (37%). Five samples (19%) were found to harbor a gene alteration considered to be a mutation or a rare variant potentially pathogenic. In one case, an ATM mutation was found in the germline. Four NHLs (44%) showed reduced or absent ATM protein expression. Except for one sample, no definite genetic or epigenetic alteration was identified to account for impaired ATM protein expression. These observations document a high prevalence of ATM gene and protein expression alterations, suggesting that ATM is involved in childhood NHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Gumy-Pause
- Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Hemato-Oncology, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland.
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Schmitz R, Renné C, Rosenquist R, Tinguely M, Distler V, Menestrina F, Lestani M, Stankovic T, Austen B, Bräuninger A, Hansmann ML, Küppers R. Insights into the multistep transformation process of lymphomas: IgH-associated translocations and tumor suppressor gene mutations in clonally related composite Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leukemia 2005; 19:1452-8. [PMID: 15973455 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Clonally related composite lymphomas of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) represent models to study the multistep transformation process in tumorigenesis and the development of two distinct tumors from a shared precursor. We analyzed six such lymphomas for transforming events. The HLs were combined in two cases with follicular lymphoma (FL), and in one case each with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, splenic marginal zone lymphoma, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). In the HL/FL and HL/MCL combinations, BCL2/IGH and CCND1/IGH translocations, respectively, were detected in both the HL and NHL. No mutations were found in the tumor suppressor genes FAS, NFKBIA and ATM. The HL/DLBCL case harbored clonal replacement mutations of the TP53 gene on both alleles exclusively in the DLBCL. In conclusion, we present the first examples of molecularly verified IgH-associated translocations in HL, which also show that BCL2/IGH or CCND1/IGH translocations can represent early steps in the pathogenesis of composite HL/FL or HL/MCL. The restriction of the TP53 mutations to the DLBCL in the HL/DLBCL case exemplifies a late transforming event that presumably happened in the germinal center and affected the fate of a common lymphoma precursor cell towards development of a DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Schmitz
- Institute for Cell Biology (Tumor Research), University of Duisburg-Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany.
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Lespinet V, Terraz F, Recher C, Campo E, Hall J, Delsol G, Al Saati T. Single-cell analysis of loss of heterozygosity at theATM gene locus in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma:ATM loss of heterozygosity is a rare event. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:909-16. [PMID: 15645496 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy characterized by the presence of rare neoplastic cells, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, scattered among a predominant population of inflammatory cells. On the basis of previously reported cytogenetic analyses, the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) gene at 11q22-23 has been implicated in the etiology of HL. We therefore developed a single-cell PCR approach to detect ATM loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in HRS cells. Three microsatellites were investigated; 1 localized inside the ATM gene and the remaining 2 in close proximity. In 2 of the 15 lymph node samples, an allelic loss of the ATM gene locus was detected. ATM protein expression was examined in 8 cases (including 1 of the 2 cases with LOH) by immunohistochemistry. In the case associated with an allelic loss, the ATM protein was absent in the HRS cells, whereas in the 7 remaining cases, without detectable LOH at the ATM locus, nuclear ATM expression was observed. In the 2 HL cases with LOH, the ATM gene was sequenced following whole genome amplification of DNA isolated from microdissected HRS cells. In 1 of these 2 cases, a splice site mutation in the second ATM allele was found. This mutation could generate a premature termination codon leading to a marked instability and a rapid degradation of the resulting ATM mRNA transcripts. This latter event could explain the loss of the expression of the ATM protein in HRS cells as detected by immunohistochemistry in this particular case. As previously reported in some B-cell lymphomas, our results suggest that ATM genetic anomalies could play a role in the pathogenesis of a subset of HL cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lespinet
- INSERM U563, CPTP, Oncogenèse et Signalisation dans les Cellules Hématopoïétiques et Plateau Technique d'Histopathologie Experimentale, IFR30, Purpan Hospital, 31059 Toulouse, France
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