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Ma MJ, Shi YH, Liu ZD, Zhu YQ, Zhao GY, Ye JY, Li FX, Huang XT, Wang XY, Wang JQ, Xu QC, Yin XY. N6-methyladenosine modified TGFB2 triggers lipid metabolism reprogramming to confer pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma gemcitabine resistance. Oncogene 2024; 43:2405-2420. [PMID: 38914663 PMCID: PMC11281907 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Gemcitabine resistance is a major obstacle to the effectiveness of chemotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Therefore, new strategies are needed to sensitize cancer cells to gemcitabine. Here, we constructed gemcitabine-resistant PDAC cells and analyzed them with RNA-sequence. Employing an integrated approach involving bioinformatic analyses from multiple databases, TGFB2 is identified as a crucial gene in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC and is significantly associated with poor gemcitabine therapeutic response. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model further substantiates the gradual upregulation of TGFB2 expression during gemcitabine-induced resistance. Silencing TGFB2 expression can enhance the chemosensitivity of gemcitabine against PDAC. Mechanistically, TGFB2, post-transcriptionally stabilized by METTL14-mediated m6A modification, can promote lipid accumulation and the enhanced triglyceride accumulation drives gemcitabine resistance by lipidomic profiling. TGFB2 upregulates the lipogenesis regulator sterol regulatory element binding factor 1 (SREBF1) and its downstream lipogenic enzymes via PI3K-AKT signaling. Moreover, SREBF1 is responsible for TGFB2-mediated lipogenesis to promote gemcitabine resistance in PDAC. Importantly, TGFB2 inhibitor imperatorin combined with gemcitabine shows synergistic effects in gemcitabine-resistant PDAC PDX model. This study sheds new light on an avenue to mitigate PDAC gemcitabine resistance by targeting TGFB2 and lipid metabolism and develops the potential of imperatorin as a promising chemosensitizer in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jian Ma
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yin-Hao Shi
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhi-De Liu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ying-Qin Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Guang-Yin Zhao
- Department of Animal Experiment Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Ye
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fu-Xi Li
- Department of Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi-Tai Huang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi-Yu Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jie-Qin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Qiong-Cong Xu
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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2
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Esteves M, Monteiro MP, Duarte JA. The Effects of Physical Exercise on Tumor Vasculature: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Sports Med 2021; 42:1237-1249. [PMID: 34341974 DOI: 10.1055/a-1533-1876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of evidence supports an association between physical exercise, decreased tumor growth rate, and reduced risk of cancer mortality. In this context, the tumor vascular microenvironment may play a key role in modulating tumor biologic behavior. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of physical exercise on tumor vasculature in pre-clinical studies. We performed a computerized research on the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO databases to identify pre-clinical studies that evaluated the effect of physical exercise on tumor vascular outcomes. Mean differences were calculated through a random effects model. The present systematic review included 13 studies involving 373 animals. From these, 11 studies evaluated chronic intratumoral vascular adaptations and 2 studies assessed the acute intratumoral vascular adaptations to physical exercise. The chronic intratumoral vascular adaptations resulted in higher tumor microvessel density in 4 studies, increased tumor perfusion in 2 studies, and reduced intratumoral hypoxia in 3 studies. Quantitatively, regular physical exercise induced an increased tumor vascularization of 2.13 [1.07, 3.20] (p<0.0001). The acute intratumoral vascular adaptations included increased vascular conductance and reduced vascular resistance, which improved tumor perfusion and attenuated intratumoral hypoxia. In pre-clinical studies, physical exercise seems to improve tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mário Esteves
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Teaching Hospital of the Fernando Pessoa University, Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Universidade do Porto Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose Alberto Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Experimental Morphology, CIAFEL, Porto, Portugal.,TOXRUN - Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
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3
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Ho WJ, Erbe R, Danilova L, Phyo Z, Bigelow E, Stein-O'Brien G, Thomas DL, Charmsaz S, Gross N, Woolman S, Cruz K, Munday RM, Zaidi N, Armstrong TD, Sztein MB, Yarchoan M, Thompson ED, Jaffee EM, Fertig EJ. Multi-omic profiling of lung and liver tumor microenvironments of metastatic pancreatic cancer reveals site-specific immune regulatory pathways. Genome Biol 2021; 22:154. [PMID: 33985562 PMCID: PMC8118107 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) are diagnosed at the metastatic stage, and standard therapies have limited activity with a dismal 5-year survival rate of only 8%. The liver and lung are the most common sites of PDAC metastasis, and each have been differentially associated with prognoses and responses to systemic therapies. A deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular landscape within the tumor microenvironment (TME) metastasis at these different sites is critical to informing future therapeutic strategies against metastatic PDAC. RESULTS By leveraging combined mass cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and RNA sequencing, we identify key regulatory pathways that distinguish the liver and lung TMEs in a preclinical mouse model of metastatic PDAC. We demonstrate that the lung TME generally exhibits higher levels of immune infiltration, immune activation, and pro-immune signaling pathways, whereas multiple immune-suppressive pathways are emphasized in the liver TME. We then perform further validation of these preclinical findings in paired human lung and liver metastatic samples using immunohistochemistry from PDAC rapid autopsy specimens. Finally, in silico validation with transfer learning between our mouse model and TCGA datasets further demonstrates that many of the site-associated features are detectable even in the context of different primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS Determining the distinctive immune-suppressive features in multiple liver and lung TME datasets provides further insight into the tissue specificity of molecular and cellular pathways, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying the discordant clinical responses that are often observed in metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jin Ho
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Cancer Convergence Institute, Baltimore, USA
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rossin Erbe
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Zaw Phyo
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Emma Bigelow
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | | | - Dwayne L Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Soren Charmsaz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Nicole Gross
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Skylar Woolman
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Kayla Cruz
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Rebecca M Munday
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Neeha Zaidi
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Todd D Armstrong
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Marcelo B Sztein
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Yarchoan
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Thompson
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Jaffee
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Cancer Convergence Institute, Baltimore, USA.
- Skip Viragh Center for Pancreatic Cancer, Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 4M07 Bunting Blaustein Cancer Research Building, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Elana J Fertig
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 550 N Broadway Suite 1101E, Baltimore, MD, 21209, USA.
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
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4
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Reynolds IS, Fichtner M, McNamara DA, Kay EW, Prehn JHM, Burke JP. Mucin glycoproteins block apoptosis; promote invasion, proliferation, and migration; and cause chemoresistance through diverse pathways in epithelial cancers. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 38:237-257. [PMID: 30680581 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-019-09781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of mucin glycoproteins has been demonstrated in many epithelial-derived cancers. The significance of this overexpression remains uncertain. The aim of this paper was to define the association of mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers by performing a systematic review of all published data. A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed to identify all papers that evaluated the association between mucin glycoproteins with apoptosis, cell growth, invasion, migration, adhesion, and clonogenicity in vitro as well as tumor growth, tumorigenicity, and metastasis in vivo in epithelial-derived cancers. PRISMA guidelines were adhered to. Results of individual studies were extracted and pooled together based on the organ in which the cancer was derived from. The initial search revealed 2031 papers, of which 90 were deemed eligible for inclusion in the study. The studies included details on MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16. The majority of studies evaluated MUC1. MUC1 overexpression was consistently associated with resistance to apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy. There was also evidence that overexpression of MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC13, and MUC16 conferred resistance to apoptosis in epithelial-derived cancers. The overexpression of mucin glycoproteins is associated with resistance to apoptosis in numerous epithelial cancers. They cause resistance through diverse signaling pathways. Targeting the expression of mucin glycoproteins represents a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of epithelial-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian S Reynolds
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deborah A McNamara
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elaine W Kay
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology & Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John P Burke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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5
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Guerin MV, Finisguerra V, Van den Eynde BJ, Bercovici N, Trautmann A. Preclinical murine tumor models: a structural and functional perspective. eLife 2020; 9:e50740. [PMID: 31990272 PMCID: PMC6986875 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review is to pinpoint the specific features, including the weaknesses, of various tumor models, and to discuss the reasons why treatments that are efficient in murine tumor models often do not work in clinics. In a detailed comparison of transplanted and spontaneous tumor models, we focus on structure-function relationships in the tumor microenvironment. For instance, the architecture of the vascular tree, which depends on whether tumor cells have gone through epithelial-mesenchymal transition, is determinant for the extension of the spontaneous necrosis, and for the intratumoral localization of the immune infiltrate. Another key point is the model-dependent abundance of TGFβ in the tumor, which controls the variable susceptibility of different tumor models to treatments. Grounded in a historical perspective, this review provides a rationale for checking factors that will be key for the transition between preclinical murine models and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion V Guerin
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014ParisFrance
| | - Veronica Finisguerra
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, de Duve Institute WELBIOUCLouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Nadege Bercovici
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014ParisFrance
| | - Alain Trautmann
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014ParisFrance
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6
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D'Cruz OJ, Qazi S, Hwang L, Ng K, Trieu V. Impact of targeting transforming growth factor β-2 with antisense OT-101 on the cytokine and chemokine profile in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2779-2796. [PMID: 29785126 PMCID: PMC5957068 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s161905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the cytokine – transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) – has been implicated in the malignant progression of pancreatic cancer (PAC). OT-101 (trabedersen) is an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide designed to target the human TGF-β2 mRNA. In a Phase I/II study, OT-101 treatment with subsequent chemotherapy was characterized by outstanding overall survival (OS) in patients with PAC. Objective This study sought to identify 1) co-regulated sets of cyto-/chemokines; 2) potential mechanisms that link TGF-β receptor type 2 receptor inhibition that may result in the induction of a cytokine storm; and 3) predictive biomarkers for OS outcome in OT-101-treated patients with PAC. Materials and methods Plasma levels of 31 cyto-/chemokines were tracked over three cycles of OT-101 therapy (140 mg/m2/day) in 12 PAC patients. Samples were acquired before onset of OT-101 therapy and at eight selected time points during therapy. A mixed ANCOVA model was developed for 19 cyto-/chemokines with median expression >1 following OT-101 therapy. Regression and hierarchical clustering analyses were performed to identify correlated expressions in each patient across cyto-/chemokines or in each cyto-/chemokine across patients. Plasma cyto-/chemokine levels were compared with OS with and without subsequent chemotherapy. Results Three highly correlated subsets of cyto-/chemokines (Cluster 1: EGF, MIP-1α, MIP-1β; Cluster 2: FGF-2, MIG, IP-10, IL-15, IFN-α, IL-12; and Cluster 3: HGF, IL-6, IL-8) were identified following OT-101 therapy. Suppression of TGF-β signaling by OT-101 led to upregulation of IL-8, IL-15, IP-10, and HGF. Protein–protein interaction networks constructed using STRING10 algorithm identified a relationship between IL-8, IL-15, and TGF-β receptor type 2 inhibition. The mixed analysis of covariance model that examined the levels of 19 cyto-/chemokines with OS as the covariate at each of the time points resulted in IL-8 and IL-15 exhibiting a significant association with OS during Cycle 1 of therapy. In the whole-blood culture model, the cytokines with the most pronounced increase after OT-101 treatment were IL-1β, IL-8, and MCP-1. Conclusion No consistent responses in cyto-/chemokine levels were observed due to OT-101 treatment. Levels of IL-8 and IL-15 during Cycle 1 were positively associated with OS across 12 patients with PAC and served as potential biomarkers for treatment outcome following OT-101 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjive Qazi
- Biology Department, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN, USA
| | - Larn Hwang
- Autotelic Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.,Oncotelic Inc, Agoura Hills, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Ng
- Autotelic Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
| | - Vuong Trieu
- Autotelic Inc, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.,Oncotelic Inc, Agoura Hills, CA, USA
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7
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Fang C, Dai CY, Mei Z, Jiang MJ, Gu DN, Huang Q, Tian L. microRNA-193a stimulates pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:25. [PMID: 29433538 PMCID: PMC5809917 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer characterizes high recurrence and poor prognosis. In clinical practice, radiotherapy is widely used for pancreatic cancer treatment. However, the outcome remains undesirable due to tumor repopulation and following recurrence and metastasis after radiation. So, it is highly needed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms and accordingly develop therapeutic strategies. Our previous studies revealed that dying cells from chemoradiation could stimulate repopulation of surviving pancreatic cancer cells. However, we still knew little how dying cells provoke pancreatic cancer cell repopulation. We herein would explore the significance of TGF-β2 changes and investigate the modulation of microRNA-193a (miR-193a), and identify their contributions to pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis. METHODS In vitro and in vivo repopulation models were established to mimic the biological processes of pancreatic cancer after radiation. Western blot, real-time PCR and dual-luciferase reporter assays were accordingly used to detect miR-193a and TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings at the level of molecular, cellular and experimental animal model, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis, wound healing and transwell assay, vascular endothelial cell penetration experiment, and bioluminescence imaging were employed to assessthe biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer after different treatments. Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mice models were established to evaluate the therapeutic potential of miR-193a antagonist on pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis after radiation. RESULTS miR-193a was highly expressed in the irradiated pancreatic cancer dying cells, accordingly elevated the level of miR-193a in surviving cells, and further promoted pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. miR-193a accelerated pancreatic cancer cell cycle and stimulated cell proliferation and repopulation through inhibiting TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII/SMADs/E2F6/c-Myc signaling, and even destroyed normal intercellular junctions and promoted metastasis via repressing TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII/ARHGEF15/ABL2 pathway. Knockdown of miR-193a or restoration of TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signaling in pancreatic cancer cells was found to block pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis after radiation. In PDX models, the treatment in combination with miR-193a antagonist and radiation was found to dramatically inhibit pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis, and further improved the survival after radiation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that miR-193a stimulated pancreatic cancer cell repopulation and metastasis through modulating TGF-β2/TGF-βRIII signalings, and miR-193a might be a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer repopulation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Fang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Yun Dai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhu Mei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Jie Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian-Na Gu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Tian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Science bldg. Rm 205, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, New Songjiang Rd No.650, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201620, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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8
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Oliver AJ, Lau PKH, Unsworth AS, Loi S, Darcy PK, Kershaw MH, Slaney CY. Tissue-Dependent Tumor Microenvironments and Their Impact on Immunotherapy Responses. Front Immunol 2018; 9:70. [PMID: 29445373 PMCID: PMC5797771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer immunology have led to a better understanding of the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumors can occur at many locations within the body and coevolution between malignant tumor cells and non-malignant cells sculpts the TME at these sites. It has become increasingly clear that there are specific differences of the TMEs at different anatomical locations, and these tissue-specific TMEs regulate tumor growth, determine metastatic progression, and impact on the outcome of therapy responses. Herein, we review the scientific advances in understanding tissue-specific TMEs, discuss their impact on immunotherapeutic response, and assess the current clinical knowledge in this emerging field. A deeper understanding of the tissue-specific TME will help to develop effective immunotherapies against tumors and their metastases and assist in predicting clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Oliver
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter K H Lau
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashleigh S Unsworth
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Phillip K Darcy
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael H Kershaw
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clare Y Slaney
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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9
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Boya VN, Lovett R, Setua S, Gandhi V, Nagesh PKB, Khan S, Jaggi M, Yallapu MM, Chauhan SC. Probing mucin interaction behavior of magnetic nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 488:258-268. [PMID: 27837716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed iron oxide based magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) by precipitation of iron salts in the presence of ammonia and created four different formulations: without functionality (plain MNPs, no coating), with β-cyclodextrin (MNPs+β-CD) or pluronic 127 polymer (MNPs+F-127), and both β-cyclodextrin and pluronic 127 polymer (MNPs+β-CD-F-127) functionality for its efficient use in mucosal delivery. We studied the interaction and/or binding behavior of these MNPs formulations with porcine stomach mucin using steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, and then quantified the bound mucin from absorption studies. Toxicity of these MNPs against cervical cancer cells and red blood cells was evaluated. Ex-vivo studies were performed using freshly collected gastrointestinal, ovarian, pancreas and colon organ tissues of pig to evaluate binding and uptake phenomenon of MNPs. Transport studies of these MNPs in mucin was evaluated using Boyden's chamber assay. All these studies together suggest that the MNPs+β-CD-F-127 formulation was strongly interacted with mucin and interestingly transported through mucin compared to other MNPs formulations. Hence, MNPs+β-CD-F-127 formulation could be a good candidate for the mucoadhesive biopharmaceuticals and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar N Boya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516 001, AP, India
| | - Renn Lovett
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vaibhav Gandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Prashanth K B Nagesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Xiao Z, Luo G, Liu C, Wu C, Liu L, Liu Z, Ni Q, Long J, Yu X. Molecular mechanism underlying lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:925845. [PMID: 24587996 PMCID: PMC3919106 DOI: 10.1155/2014/925845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the most challenging human malignancies, pancreatic cancer is characterized by its insidious symptoms, low rate of surgical resection, high risk of local invasion, metastasis and recurrence, and overall dismal prognosis. Lymphatic metastasis, above all, is recognized as an early adverse event in progression of pancreatic cancer and has been described to be an independent poor prognostic factor. It should be noted that the occurrence of lymphatic metastasis is not a casual or stochastic but an ineluctable and designed event. Increasing evidences suggest that metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) and the microenvironments may act as a double-reed style in this crime. However, the exact mechanisms on how they function synergistically for this dismal clinical course remain largely elusive. Therefore, a better understanding of its molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in pancreatic lymphatic metastasis is urgently required. In this review, we will summarize the latest advances on lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuntao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiang Long
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, No. 270, Dong'An Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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Zhang Z, Wang J, He J, Zheng Z, Zeng X, Zhang C, Ye J, Zhang Y, Zhong N, Lu W. Genetic variants in MUC4 gene are associated with lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77723. [PMID: 24204934 PMCID: PMC3804582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucin MUC4, which is encoded by the MUC4 gene, plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Aberrant MUC4 overexpression is associated with invasive tumor proliferation and poor outcome in epithelial cancers. Collectively, the existing evidence suggests that MUC4 has tumor-promoter functions. In this study, we performed a case-control study of 1,048 incident lung cancer cases and 1,048 age- and sex frequency-matched cancer-free controls in a Chinese population to investigate the role of MUC4 gene polymorphism in lung cancer etiology. We identified nine SNPs that were significantly associated with increased lung cancer risk (P = 0.0425 for rs863582, 0.0333 for rs842226, 0.0294 for rs842225, 0.0010 for rs2550236, 0.0149 for rs2688515, 0.0191 for rs 2641773, 0.0058 for rs3096337, 0.0077 for rs859769, and 0.0059 for rs842461 in an additive model). Consistent with these single-locus analysis results, the haplotype analyses revealed an adverse effect of the haplotype “GGC” of rs3096337, rs859769, and rs842461 on lung cancer. Both the haplotype and diplotype “CTGAGC” of rs863582, rs842226, rs2550236, rs842225, and rs2688515 had an adverse effect on lung cancer, which is also consistent with the single-locus analysis. Moreover, we observed statistically significant interactions for rs863582 and rs842461 in heavy smokers. Our results suggest that MUC4 gene polymorphisms and their interaction with smoking may contribute to lung cancer etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zeguang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiansheng Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Chenting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinmei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenju Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail:
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Ansari D, Urey C, Gundewar C, Bauden MP, Andersson R. Comparison of MUC4 expression in primary pancreatic cancer and paired lymph node metastases. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013; 48:1183-7. [PMID: 24047396 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2013.832368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OBJECTIVE. Mucin 4 (MUC4) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), but not in normal pancreatic tissue. MUC4 has a proposed role in pancreatic tumor progression and metastasis. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate MUC4 expression during PDAC metastasis by comparing the expression in the primary tumor and paired lymph node metastases from the same patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Surgical specimens from 17 cases of primary PDAC and paired lymph node metastases were immunohistochemically analyzed for MUC4 expression. The modified histochemical score (H-score) was used for staining assessment. RESULTS. Positive staining for MUC4 was detected in most primary and metastatic PDAC tumors (15/17 vs. 14/17). The concordance for MUC4 expression in primary tumors and corresponding lymph node metastases was 82%. In two cases, the primary tumor was MUC4-positive and the lymph node metastases were negative, while in one patient with a MUC4-negative primary tumor, the lymph node metastasis was positive. The distribution of H-score for expression of MUC4 significantly correlated (r = 0.615; p = 0.009) between primary tumors and paired metastatic lesions. CONCLUSIONS MUC4 was observed in both primary and matched metastatic tumors with a high level of concordance, suggesting that MUC4 expression is retained following PDAC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ansari
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, and Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
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Lu J, Huang Y, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhao F, Meng S, Yu X, Ma Q, Song M, Chang N, Bittles AH, Wang W. Profiling plasma peptides for the identification of potential ageing biomarkers in Chinese Han adults. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39726. [PMID: 22802942 PMCID: PMC3389038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and cancer, and shows significant inter-individual variability. To identify ageing-related biomarkers we performed a proteomic analysis on 1890 Chinese Han individuals, 1136 males and 754 females, aged 18 to 82 years, using weak cation exchange magnetic bead based MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. The study identified 44 peptides which varied in concentration in different age groups. In particular, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA1) concentration gradually increased between 18 to 50 years of age, the levels of fibrinogen alpha (FGA) decreased over the same age span, while albumin (ALB) was significantly degraded in middle-aged individuals. In addition, the plasma peptide profiles of FGA and four other unidentified proteins were found to be gender-dependent. Plasma proteins such as FGA, ALB and ApoA1 are significantly correlated with age in the Chinese Han population and could be employed as indicative ageing-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Lu
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Chest Surgery, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youxin Wang
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijiao Meng
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Yu
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwei Ma
- Bioyong Technologies Inc, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Manshu Song
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MS); (NC); (WW)
| | - Naibai Chang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MS); (NC); (WW)
| | - Alan H. Bittles
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (MS); (NC); (WW)
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14
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Mucin expression pattern in pancreatic diseases: findings from EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsies. Am J Gastroenterol 2011; 106:1359-63. [PMID: 21647207 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2011.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in mucin (MUC) glycosylation and expression have been described in cancer. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) can provide material for molecular biology analysis. This study assessed the feasibility of evaluating MUC expression from material obtained by EUS-FNA and studied the profile of MUC expression in benign and malignant pancreatic lesions. METHODS A total of 90 patients with solid or cystic pancreatic lesions underwent FNA. The aspirated material was used for cytological analysis and RNA extraction to assess the expression pattern of MUCs by reverse transcription-PCR with primers specific for the MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC5A, MUC5B, MUC6, and MUC7 genes. RESULTS RNA extraction was successful in 81% of the biopsies. The prevalences of MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, and MUC7 in ductal adenocarcinoma were 57.7, 51.4, 18.9, and 73.0%, respectively. Fifty percent of benign lesions and neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), and 63% of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) were positive for MUC1. Twenty-five percent of benign lesions, 86% of NETs, and 47% of IPMNs were positive for MUC2. Of NETs, 50% were positive for MUC1, and 14% were positive for MUC7. None of the benign lesions or NETs expressed MUC4. MUC7 expression was highly significant for adenocarcinoma (P=0.007) and borderline for IPMN (P=0.05). MUC7 was expressed in 37.5% of chronic pancreatitis cases. CONCLUSIONS RNA can be extracted from samples obtained under EUS-FNA. MUC7 could serve as a potential biological marker to identify malignant lesions, especially pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Rachagani S, Senapati S, Chakraborty S, Ponnusamy MP, Kumar S, Smith LM, Jain M, Batra SK. Activated KrasG¹²D is associated with invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of E-cadherin. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1038-48. [PMID: 21364589 PMCID: PMC3065271 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) harbours an activated point mutation (KrasG12D) in the Kras proto-oncogene that has been demonstrated to promote the development of PC. Methods: This study was designed to investigate the effect of the oncogenic KrasG12D allele on aggressiveness and metastatic potential of PC cells. We silenced the oncogenic KrasG12D allele expression in CD18/HPAF and ASPC1 cell lines by stable expression of shRNA specific to the KrasG12Dallele. Results: The KrasG12D knockdown cells exhibited a significant decrease in motility (P<0.0001), invasion (P<0.0001), anchorage-dependent (P<0.0001) and anchorage-independent growth (P<0.0001), proliferation (P<0.005) and an increase in cell doubling time (P<0.005) in vitro and a decrease in the incidence of metastases upon orthotopic implantation into nude mice. The knockdown of the KrasG12D allele led to a significant increase in the expression of E-cadherin (mRNA and protein) both in vitro and in vivo. This was associated with a decrease in the expression of phoshpo-ERK-1/2, NF-κB and MMP-9, and transcription factors such as δEF1, Snail and ETV4. Furthermore, the expression of several proteins involved in cell survival, invasion and metastasis was decreased in the KrasG12D knockdown cells. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that the KrasG12D allele promotes metastasis in PC cells partly through the downregulation of E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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16
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Zhu Y, Zhang JJ, Zhu R, Zhu Y, Liang WB, Gao WT, Yu JB, Xu ZK, Miao Y. The increase in the expression and hypomethylation of MUC4 gene with the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Med Oncol 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S175-84. [PMID: 20922503 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9683-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The MUC4 gene could have a key role in the progression of pancreatic cancer, but the quantitative measurement of its expression in clinical tissue samples remains a challenge. The correlations between MUC4 promoter methylation status in vivo and either pancreatic cancer progression or MUC4 mRNA expression need to be demonstrated. We used the techniques of quantitative real-time PCR and DNA methylation-specific PCR combined microdissection to precisely detect MUC4 expression and promoter methylation status in 116 microdissected foci from 57 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Both mRNA expression and hypomethylation frequency increased from normal to precancerous lesions to pancreatic cancer. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that high-level MUC4 expression (P = 0.008) and tumor-node-metastasis staging (P = 0.038) were significant independent risk factors for predicting the prognosis of 57 patients. The MUC4 mRNA expression was not significantly correlated with promoter methylation status in 30 foci of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. These results suggest that high mRNA expression and hypomethylation of the MUC4 gene could be involved in carcinogenesis and in the malignant development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. The MUC4 mRNA expression may become a new prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer. Microdissection-based quantitative real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR contribute to the quantitative detection of MUC4 expression in clinical samples and reflect the epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of MUC4 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, 210029 Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ahn YH, Lee JY, Lee JY, Kim YS, Ko JH, Yoo JS. Quantitative Analysis of an Aberrant Glycoform of TIMP1 from Colon Cancer Serum by L-PHA-Enrichment and SISCAPA with MRM Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:4216-24. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900269s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Hee Ahn
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-Ri, Ochang-Myun, Cheongwon-Gun 363-883, Republic of Korea, GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea, and Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-Ri, Ochang-Myun, Cheongwon-Gun 363-883, Republic of Korea, GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea, and Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Lee
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-Ri, Ochang-Myun, Cheongwon-Gun 363-883, Republic of Korea, GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea, and Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sam Kim
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-Ri, Ochang-Myun, Cheongwon-Gun 363-883, Republic of Korea, GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea, and Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Heon Ko
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-Ri, Ochang-Myun, Cheongwon-Gun 363-883, Republic of Korea, GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea, and Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Division of Mass Spectrometry, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-Ri, Ochang-Myun, Cheongwon-Gun 363-883, Republic of Korea, GRAST, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea, and Daejeon-KRIBB-FHCRC Research Cooperation Center, KRIBB, 111 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
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Sundgren A, Barchi JJ. Varied presentation of the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen on gold nanoparticles. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1594-604. [PMID: 18502409 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional self-assembled monolayers of gold coated with the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (TF(ag)) disaccharide (beta-Galp-(1-->3)-GalpNAc) in a variety of presentations have been prepared and characterized. Anomalies in the size distribution of our originally synthesized TF(ag)-bearing nanoparticles as shown in dynamic light scattering experiments prompted us to explore the effect of antigen density on the uniformity of the particles. Gold nanoparticles containing a range of densities 'diluted' with copies of the PEG-thiol spacer unit showed that lower antigen density affords more uniform particles. We also wanted to study the constitution of the actual antigen by synthesizing nanoparticles not only with the linker-extended disaccharide, but also within the context of the surrounding peptide sequence where it may be presented in vivo. The synthesis of TF(ag)-containing glycopeptide thiols based on a mucin peptide repeating unit were prepared, assembled into gold nanoparticles and their physical properties evaluated. These novel multivalent tools should prove extremely useful in exploring the binding properties and immune response to this important carbohydrate antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sundgren
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Qiu Y, Patwa TH, Xu L, Shedden K, Misek DE, Tuck M, Jin G, Ruffin MT, Turgeon DK, Synal S, Bresalier R, Marcon N, Brenner DE, Lubman DM. Plasma glycoprotein profiling for colorectal cancer biomarker identification by lectin glycoarray and lectin blot. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1693-703. [PMID: 18311904 DOI: 10.1021/pr700706s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major worldwide cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality largely due to the insidious onset of the disease. The current clinical procedures utilized for disease diagnosis are invasive, unpleasant, and inconvenient; hence, the need for simple blood tests that could be used for the early detection of CRC. In this work, we have developed methods for glycoproteomics analysis to identify plasma markers with utility to assist in the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). Following immunodepletion of the most abundant plasma proteins, the plasma N -linked glycoproteins were enriched using lectin affinity chromatography and subsequently further separated by nonporous silica reversed-phase (NPS-RP)-HPLC. Individual RP-HPLC fractions were printed on nitrocellulose coated slides which were then probed with lectins to determine glycan patterns in plasma samples from 9 normal, 5 adenoma, and 6 colorectal cancer patients. Statistical tools, including principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, and Z-statistics analysis, were employed to identify distinctive glycosylation patterns. Patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer or adenomas were shown to have dramatically higher levels of sialylation and fucosylation as compared to normal controls. Plasma glycoproteins with aberrant glycosylation were identified by nano-LC-MS/MS, while a lectin blotting methodology was used to validate proteins with significantly altered glycosylation as a function of cancer progression. The potential markers identified in this study for diagnosis to distinguish colorectal cancer from adenoma and normal include elevated sialylation and fucosylation in complement C3, histidine-rich glycoprotein, and kininogen-1. These potential markers of colorectal cancer were subsequently validated by lectin blotting in an independent set of plasma samples obtained from 10 CRC patients, 10 patients with adenomas, and 10 normal subjects. These results demonstrate the utility of this strategy for the identification of N -linked glycan patterns as potential markers of CRC in human plasma, and may have the utility to distinguish different disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Schlingensiepen KH, Fischer-Blass B, Schmaus S, Ludwig S. Antisense therapeutics for tumor treatment: the TGF-beta2 inhibitor AP 12009 in clinical development against malignant tumors. Recent Results Cancer Res 2008; 177:137-50. [PMID: 18084956 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-71279-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta2) is a hallmark of various malignant tumors including pancreatic carcinoma, malignant glioma, metastasizing melanoma, and metastatic colorectal carcinoma. This is due to the pivotal role of TGF-beta2 as it regulates key mechanisms of tumor development, namely immunosuppression, metastasis, angiogenesis, and proliferation. The antisense technology is an innovative technique offering a targeted approach for the treatment of different highly aggressive tumors and other diseases. Antisense oligonucleotides are being developed to inhibit the production of disease-causing proteins at the molecular level. The immunotherapeutic approach with the phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide AP 12009 for the treatment of malignant tumors is based on the specific inhibition of TGF-beta2. After providing preclinical proof of concept, the safety and efficacy of AP 12009 were assessed in clinical phase I/II open-label dose-escalation studies in recurrent or refractory high-grade glioma patients. Median survival time after recurrence exceeded the current literature data for chemotherapy. Currently, phase I/II study in advanced pancreatic carcinoma, metastatic melanoma, and metastatic colorectal carcinoma and a phase IIb study in recurrent or refractory high-grade glioma are ongoing. The preclinical as well as the clinical results implicate targeted TGF-beta2 suppression as a promising therapeutic approach for malignant tumor therapy.
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Chaturvedi P, Singh AP, Batra SK. Structure, evolution, and biology of the MUC4 mucin. FASEB J 2007; 22:966-81. [PMID: 18024835 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9673rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mucins are high-molecular-weight glycoproteins and are implicated in diverse biological functions. MUC4, a member of transmembrane mucin family, is expressed in airway epithelial cells and body fluids like saliva, tear film, ear fluid, and breast milk. In addition to its normal expression, an aberrant expression of MUC4 has been reported in a variety of carcinomas. Among various potential domains of MUC4, epidermal growth factor (EGF) -like domains are hypothesized to interact with and activate the ErbB2 receptors, suggesting an intramembrane-growth factor function for MUC4. The heavily glycosylated tandem repeat domain provides the structural rigidity to the extended extracellular region. MUC4, by virtue of its extended structure, serves as a barrier for some cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and as a potential reservoir for certain growth factors. An intricate relationship between MUC4 and growth factor signaling is also reflected in the transcriptional regulation of MUC4. The MUC4 promoter has binding sites for different transcription factors, which are responsible for the regulation of its expression in different tissues. The interferon-gamma, retinoic acid, and transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathways regulate MUC4 expression in a partially interdependent manner. Taken together, all of these features of MUC4 strongly support its role as a potential candidate for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
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Benahmed F, Gross I, Guenot D, Jehan F, Martin E, Domon-Dell C, Brabletz T, Kedinger M, Freund JN, Duluc I. The microenvironment controls CDX2 homeobox gene expression in colorectal cancer cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2007; 170:733-44. [PMID: 17255339 PMCID: PMC1851857 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2007.060696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The homeobox gene CDX2 plays a major role in development, especially in the gut, and it also acts as a tumor suppressor in the adult colon. Using orthotopic and heterotopic xenografts of human primary colorectal tumor cells and cell lines in nude mice, we addressed the effect of the microenvironment on CDX2 expression. In cells expressing CDX2 at a high level in culture, this level was maintained in subcutaneous grafts but was reduced when implanted into the cecum wall. Reciprocally, in cells with low CDX2 expression in culture, the level remained low in grafts into the cecum wall but was stimulated subcutaneously. In vitro co-cultures showed that CDX2 expression was activated in cells grown on layers of skin fibroblasts but not on intestinal fibroblasts. The stimulation was transcriptional, as assessed by transfection experiments with reporter plasmids containing the murine Cdx2 promoter. Together, these data demonstrate experimentally that CDX2 expression is adaptable and strongly dependent on the microenvironment surrounding the tumor cells. We exclude a role of the Notch pathway in this regulation. The regulation of CDX2 by the microenvironment might be relevant during the process of metastatic dissemination when the gene is transiently turned down in invasive cells.
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Kirmiz C, Li B, An HJ, Clowers BH, Chew HK, Lam KS, Ferrige A, Alecio R, Borowsky AD, Sulaimon S, Lebrilla CB, Miyamoto S. A serum glycomics approach to breast cancer biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2006; 6:43-55. [PMID: 16847285 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m600171-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Because the glycosylation of proteins is known to change in tumor cells during the development of breast cancer, a glycomics approach is used here to find relevant biomarkers of breast cancer. These glycosylation changes are known to correlate with increasing tumor burden and poor prognosis. Current antibody-based immunochemical tests for cancer biomarkers of ovarian (CA125), breast (CA27.29 or CA15-3), pancreatic, gastric, colonic, and carcinoma (CA19-9) target highly glycosylated mucin proteins. However, these tests lack the specificity and sensitivity for use in early detection. This glycomics approach to find glycan biomarkers of breast cancer involves chemically cleaving oligosaccharides (glycans) from glycosylated proteins that are shed or secreted by breast cancer tumor cell lines. The resulting free glycan species are analyzed by MALDI-FT-ICR MS. Further structural analysis of the glycans can be performed in FTMS through the use of tandem mass spectrometry with infrared multiphoton dissociation. Glycan profiles were generated for each cell line and compared. These methods were then used to analyze sera obtained from a mouse model of breast cancer and a small number of serum samples obtained from human patients diagnosed with breast cancer or patients with no known history of breast cancer. In addition to the glycosylation changes detected in mice as mouse mammary tumors developed, glycosylation profiles were found to be sufficiently different to distinguish patients with cancer from those without. Although the small number of patient samples analyzed so far is inadequate to make any legitimate claims at this time, these promising but very preliminary results suggest that glycan profiles may contain distinct glycan biomarkers that may correspond to glycan "signatures of cancer."
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Kirmiz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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