1
|
Verdura S, Encinar JA, Gratchev A, Llop-Hernández À, López J, Serrano-Hervás E, Teixidor E, López-Bonet E, Martin-Castillo B, Micol V, Bosch-Barrera J, Cuyàs E, Menendez JA. Silibinin is a suppressor of the metastasis-promoting transcription factor ID3. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155493. [PMID: 38484626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ID3 (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-3) is a transcription factor that enables metastasis by promoting stem cell-like properties in endothelial and tumor cells. The milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin is a phytochemical with anti-metastatic potential through largely unknown mechanisms. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We have mechanistically investigated the ability of silibinin to inhibit the aberrant activation of ID3 in brain endothelium and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate the co-expression correlation between ID3 and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) ligands/BMP receptors (BMPRs) genes in NSCLC patient datasets. ID3 expression was assessed by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assays were used to evaluate the gene sequences targeted by silibinin to regulate ID3 transcription. In silico computational modeling and LanthaScreen TR-FRET kinase assays were used to characterize and validate the BMPR inhibitory activity of silibinin. Tumor tissues from NSCLC xenograft models treated with oral silibinin were used to evaluate the in vivo anti-ID3 effects of silibinin. RESULTS Analysis of lung cancer patient datasets revealed a top-ranked positive association of ID3 with the BMP9 endothelial receptor ACVRL1/ALK1 and the BMP ligand BMP6. Silibinin treatment blocked the BMP9-induced activation of the ALK1-phospho-SMAD1/5-ID3 axis in brain endothelial cells. Constitutive, acquired, and adaptive expression of ID3 in NSCLC cells were all significantly downregulated in response to silibinin. Silibinin blocked ID3 transcription via BMP-responsive elements in ID3 gene enhancers. Silibinin inhibited the kinase activities of BMPRs in the micromolar range, with the lower IC50 values occurring against ACVRL1/ALK1 and BMPR2. In an in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, tumoral overexpression of ID3 was completely suppressed by systematically achievable oral doses of silibinin. CONCLUSIONS ID3 is a largely undruggable metastasis-promoting transcription factor. Silibinin is a novel suppressor of ID3 that may be explored as a novel therapeutic approach to interfere with the metastatic dissemination capacity of NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Laboratory for Tumor Stromal Cell Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Nikolaj Nikolajevich (N.N.) Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Àngela Llop-Hernández
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Júlia López
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Eila Serrano-Hervás
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Eduard Teixidor
- Precision Oncology Group (OncoGir-Pro), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Eugeni López-Bonet
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Precision Oncology Group (OncoGir-Pro), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akumuo RC, Reddy SP, Westwood C, Devarajan K, Barrak D, Reddy SS, Villano AM. Smoking history is associated with reduced efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 28:605-610. [PMID: 38704197 DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential responses to neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) exist in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC); however, contributing factors are poorly understood. Tobacco smoke is a common risk factor for PDAC, with nicotine-induced chemoresistance observed in other cancers. This study aimed to explore the potential association between tobacco use and NAT efficacy in PDAC. METHODS A single-center, retrospective analysis was conducted that included all consecutive patients with PDAC who underwent surgical resection after NAT with a documented smoking history (N = 208). NAT response was measured as percentage fibrosis in the surgical specimen. Multivariable models controlled for covariates and survival were modeled using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Postoperatively, major responses to NAT (>95% fibrosis) were less frequently observed in smokers than in nonsmokers (13.7% vs 30.4%, respectively; P = .021). Pathologic complete responses were similarly less frequent in smokers than in nonsmokers (2.1% vs 9.9%, respectively; P = .023). On multivariate analysis controlling for covariates, smoking history remained independently associated with lower odds of major fibrosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.25; 95% CI, 0.10-0.59; P = .002) and pathologic complete response (OR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.03-0.84; P = .05). The median overall survival was significantly longer in nonsmokers than in smokers (39.1 vs 26.6 months, respectively; P = .05). CONCLUSION Tobacco use was associated with diminished pathologic responses to NAT. Future research to understand the biology underlying this observation is warranted and may inform differential NAT approaches or counseling among these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita C Akumuo
- Department of Surgery, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Sai P Reddy
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Caroline Westwood
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Karthik Devarajan
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Dany Barrak
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sanjay S Reddy
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Anthony M Villano
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng Z, Xu M, Ding Z, Kong J, Liu J, Zhang Z, Cao P. ID2 promotes tumor progression and metastasis in thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2024:10.1007/s12020-023-03674-3. [PMID: 38195969 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibitor of DNA Binding 2 (ID2) plays a crucial role in tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and stemness. Aberrant ID2 expression is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. However, the specific function of ID2 in thyroid cancer remain unclear. METHOD The TCGA database were utilized to explore the clinical relevance of ID2 in cancer. GO, KEGG, and TIMER were employed to predict the potential roles of ID2 in cancer. Functional analysis, including CCK-8, colony formation, transwell, wound healing, and sphere formation experiments, were conducted to determine the biological functions of ID2 in human cancers. Western blot (WB), RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses were used to investigate the relationship between ID2 and downstream targets. RESULTS Our study revealed significant overexpression of ID2 in various malignant tumor cells. Knocking ID2 significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and invasion, while overexpressing ID2 enhanced these capabilities. Additionally, ID2 mediates resistance of cancer cells to protein kinase B (or Akt) inhibitions. Further WB and IHC experiments indicated that ID2 promotes the phosphorylation activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, thereby upregulating the expression of downstream proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness-related markers. CONCLUSION We found that ID2 significantly promotes thyroid cancer cell proliferation, migration, EMT, and stemness through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, ID2 plays a crucial role in regulating cancer immune responses. It may serve as a potential biomarker for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Zhenghua Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Jianqiao Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China
| | - Zelin Zhang
- Department of Oncology Department, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
| | - Ping Cao
- Department of Oncology Department, Xiangyang No.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shang S, Yang C, Chen F, Xiang RS, Zhang H, Dai SY, Liu J, Lv XX, Zhang C, Liu XT, Zhang Q, Lu SB, Song JW, Yu JJ, Zhou JC, Zhang XW, Cui B, Li PP, Zhu ST, Zhang HZ, Hua F. ID1 expressing macrophages support cancer cell stemness and limit CD8 + T cell infiltration in colorectal cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7661. [PMID: 37996458 PMCID: PMC10667515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43548-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and reinvigoration of antitumor immunity remain unmet challenges for cancer therapy. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the prominant population of immune cells in tumor tissues, contributing to the formation of CSC niches and a suppressive immune microenvironment. Here, we report that high expression of inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1) in TAMs correlates with poor outcome in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). ID1 expressing macrophages maintain cancer stemness and impede CD8+ T cell infiltration. Mechanistically, ID1 interacts with STAT1 to induce its cytoplasmic distribution and inhibits STAT1-mediated SerpinB2 and CCL4 transcription, two secretory factors responsible for cancer stemness inhibition and CD8+ T cell recruitment. Reducing ID1 expression ameliorates CRC progression and enhances tumor sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Collectively, our study highlights the pivotal role of ID1 in controlling the protumor phenotype of TAMs and paves the way for therapeutic targeting of ID1 in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Shen Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xi Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shuai-Bing Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Tao Zhu
- Beijing Digestive Diseases Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Friendship Hospital, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Zeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China.
- State Key Lab of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study (BZ0150), Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China.
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050, Beijing, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Murugesan P, Begum H, Tangutur AD. Inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation proteins as IDs for pancreatic cancer: Role in pancreatic cancer initiation, development and prognosis. Gene 2023; 853:147092. [PMID: 36464175 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A family of inhibitors of cell differentiation or DNA-binding proteins, known as ID proteins (ID1-4), function as mighty transcription factors in various cellular processes, such as inhibiting differentiation, promoting cell-cycle progression, senescence, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis in cancer. Pancreatic cancer represents the deadliest cancer with the lowest survival rate of 10% due to the diagnosis at an advanced fatal stage and therapeutic resistance. Modestly, the only curative option for this lethal cancer is surgery but is done in less than 15-20% of patients because of the locally aggressive and early metastatic nature. Finding the earliest biomarkers and targeting the various hallmarks of pancreatic cancer can improve the treatment and survival of pancreatic cancer patients. Therefore, herein in this review, we explore in depth the potential roles of ID proteins function in hallmarks of pancreatic cancer, signaling pathways, and its oncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. Hence, understanding the roles of dysregulated ID proteins would provide new insights into its function in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Periyasamy Murugesan
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Habeebunnisa Begum
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Anjana Devi Tangutur
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
ID1 marks the tumorigenesis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mouse and human. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13555. [PMID: 35941362 PMCID: PMC9359991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease that has an increasing death rate but no effective treatment to now. Although biological and immunological hallmarks of PDAC have been frequently reported recently, early detection and the particularly aggressive biological features are the major challenges remaining unclear. In the current study, we retrieved multiple scRNA-seq datasets and illustrated the genetic programs of PDAC development in genetically modified mouse models. Notably, the transcription levels of Id1 were elevated specifically along with the PDAC development. Pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that Id1 was closely correlated with the malignancy of PDAC. The gene expression patterns of human PDAC cells were determined by the comparative analysis of the scRNA-seq data on human PDAC and normal pancreas tissues. ID1 levels in human PDAC cancer cells were dramatically increased compared to normal epithelial cells. ID1 deficiency in vitro significantly blunt the invasive tumor-formation related phenotypes. IPA analysis on the differentially expressed genes suggested that EIF2 signaling was the core pathway regulating the development of PDAC. Blocking EFI2 signaling remarkably decreased the expression of ID1 and attenuated the tumor-formation related phenotypes. These observations confirmed that ID1 was regulated by EIF2 signaling and was the critical determinator of PDAC development and progression. This study suggests that ID1 is a potential malignant biomarker of PDAC in both mouse models and human and detecting and targeting ID1 may be a promising strategy to treat or even rescue PDAC.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wojnarowicz PM, Escolano MG, Huang YH, Desai B, Chin Y, Shah R, Xu S, Yadav S, Yaklichkin S, Ouerfelli O, Soni RK, Philip J, Montrose DC, Healey JH, Rajasekhar VK, Garland WA, Ratiu J, Zhuang Y, Norton L, Rosen N, Hendrickson RC, Zhou XK, Iavarone A, Massague J, Dannenberg AJ, Lasorella A, Benezra R. Anti-tumor effects of an ID antagonist with no observed acquired resistance. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:58. [PMID: 34031428 PMCID: PMC8144414 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ID proteins are helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulators frequently overexpressed in cancer. ID proteins inhibit basic-HLH transcription factors often blocking differentiation and sustaining proliferation. A small-molecule, AGX51, targets ID proteins for degradation and impairs ocular neovascularization in mouse models. Here we show that AGX51 treatment of cancer cell lines impairs cell growth and viability that results from an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon ID degradation. In mouse models, AGX51 treatment suppresses breast cancer colonization in the lung, regresses the growth of paclitaxel-resistant breast tumors when combined with paclitaxel and reduces tumor burden in sporadic colorectal neoplasia. Furthermore, in cells and mice, we fail to observe acquired resistance to AGX51 likely the result of the inability to mutate the binding pocket without loss of ID function and efficient degradation of the ID proteins. Thus, AGX51 is a first-in-class compound that antagonizes ID proteins, shows strong anti-tumor effects and may be further developed for the management of multiple cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M Wojnarowicz
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Garcia Escolano
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yun-Han Huang
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell/Sloan Kettering/Rockefeller Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Bina Desai
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvette Chin
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riddhi Shah
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sijia Xu
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergey Yaklichkin
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ouathek Ouerfelli
- Organic Synthesis Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajesh Kumar Soni
- Proteomics & Microchemistry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Philip
- Proteomics & Microchemistry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David C Montrose
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John H Healey
- Orthopedics Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jeremy Ratiu
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Evelyn H. Lauder Breast Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neal Rosen
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Proteomics & Microchemistry Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Kathy Zhou
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Department of Neurology, Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Massague
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Anna Lasorella
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ke J, Wu R, Chen Y, Abba ML. Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins: implications in human cancer progression and metastasis. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:3887-3910. [PMID: 30662638 PMCID: PMC6325517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are a class of helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription regulatory factors that act as dominant-negative antagonists of other basic HLH proteins through the formation of non-functional heterodimers. These proteins have been shown to play critical roles in a wide range of tumor-associated processes, including cell differentiation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, stemness, chemoresistance, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The aberrant expression of ID proteins has not only been detected in many types of human cancers, but is also associated with advanced tumor stages and poor clinical outcome. In this review, we provide an overview of the key biological functions of ID proteins including affiliated signaling pathways. We also describe the regulation of ID proteins in cancer progression and metastasis, and elaborate on expression profiles in cancer and the implications for prognosis. Lastly, we outline strategies for the therapeutic targeting of ID proteins as a promising and effective approach for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ke
- Department of Liver Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230022, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Ruolin Wu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Organ Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University218 Jixi Avenue, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
- Center for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Subei People’s HospitalYangzhou, Jiangsu 225000, China
| | - Mohammed L Abba
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Y, Luo KJ, Wen J, Zhu ZH. Strong expression of Id-1 in metastatic lymph nodes from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with better clinical outcome. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:5499-5507. [PMID: 30416799 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.09.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Over-expression of inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding 1 (Id-1) is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, some biomarkers discordant expression in metastasis has been reported previously. We aimed to confirm possible differential expression and prognostic value of Id-1 in paired metastatic lymph node (PMLN). Methods Expression of Id-1 in primary tumors (PT) and paired regional metastatic lymph nodes of ESCC were evaluated with immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Statistical analysis of Kaplan-Meier method was performed to test the prognostic significance of Id-1 expression. Results The expression of Id-1 was down-regulated in metastatic lymph nodes compared with primary esophageal tumors (P<0.001). Patients with 1 to 2 lymph nodes involved had significantly higher Id-1 expression in metastatic lymph nodes (P=0.028). The similar association was observed between a ratio of involved to examined lymph nodes ≤0.2 and high level Id-1 expression in lymphatic metastases (P=0.011). Better overall survival with statistical significance was observed in patients with higher level Id-1 expression in metastatic lymph nodes (P=0.015). The results of Id-1 expression in metastatic lymph node and paired PT was to predict prognosis effective in out cohort (P=0.035). Conclusions The level of Id-1 protein expression was down-regulated from PT to metastatic lymph node. It was contrary to previous studies that strong expression of Id-1 in metastatic lymph nodes was associated with better clinical outcomes in patients with stage T3N1-3M0 ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Kong-Jia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Villarino N, Signaevskaia L, van Niekerk J, Medal R, Kim H, Lahmy R, Scully K, Pinkerton A, Kim S, Lowy A, Itkin-Ansari P. A screen for inducers of bHLH activity identifies pitavastatin as a regulator of p21, Rb phosphorylation and E2F target gene expression in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53154-53167. [PMID: 28881801 PMCID: PMC5581100 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The average survival for patients with Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA) is merely 6 months, underscoring the need for new therapeutic approaches. During PDA progression, pancreatic acinar cells lose activity of the ClassI/II bHLH factors that regulate quiescence. We previously found that promoting transcriptional activity of the Class I bHLH factor E47 in highly aggressive PDA cells induced stable growth arrest in vitro and in vivo. To translate these findings for clinical utility, we developed a high throughput screening platform to identify small molecule inducers of Class I/II bHLH activity. A screen of 4,375 known drugs identified 70 bHLH activators. Prominent among the hits were members of the statin class of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, cholesterol lowering drugs that are also being evaluated in cancer. Studies with pitavastatin in primary patient derived tumor cells and established PDA lines, revealed dose dependent growth inhibition. At the molecular level, pitavastatin induced expression of the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 in a cholesterol independent manner, blocked repressive phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein at CDK targeted sites, and reduced expression of E2F target genes required for progression through the G1/S boundary. Together, the data provide new insight into mechanisms by which statins constrain proliferation in cancer and establish the effectiveness of a novel screening platform to identify small molecules of clinical relevance in pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Villarino
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lia Signaevskaia
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaco van Niekerk
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Medal
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Heejung Kim
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reyhaneh Lahmy
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen Scully
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sangwun Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew Lowy
- Departments of Pathology and Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pamela Itkin-Ansari
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cruz-Rodriguez N, Combita AL, Enciso LJ, Raney LF, Pinzon PL, Lozano OC, Campos AM, Peñaloza N, Solano J, Herrera MV, Zabaleta J, Quijano S. Prognostic stratification improvement by integrating ID1/ID3/IGJ gene expression signature and immunophenotypic profile in adult patients with B-ALL. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:37. [PMID: 28245840 PMCID: PMC5331651 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Survival of adults with B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia requires accurate risk stratification of patients in order to provide the appropriate therapy. Contemporary techniques, using clinical and cytogenetic variables are incomplete for prognosis prediction. Methods To improve the classification of adult patients diagnosed with B-ALL into prognosis groups, two strategies were examined and combined: the expression of the ID1/ID3/IGJ gene signature by RT-PCR and the immunophenotypic profile of 19 markers proposed in the EuroFlow protocol by Flow Cytometry in bone marrow samples. Results Both techniques were correlated to stratify patients into prognostic groups. An inverse relationship between survival and expression of the three-genes signature was observed and an immunophenotypic profile associated with clinical outcome was identified. Markers CD10 and CD20 were correlated with simultaneous overexpression of ID1, ID3 and IGJ. Patients with simultaneous expression of the poor prognosis gene signature and overexpression of CD10 or CD20, had worse Event Free Survival and Overall Survival than patients who had either the poor prognosis gene expression signature or only CD20 or CD10 overexpressed. Conclusion By utilizing the combined evaluation of these two immunophenotypic markers along with the poor prognosis gene expression signature, the risk stratification can be significantly strengthened. Further studies including a large number of patients are needed to confirm these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-017-0506-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nataly Cruz-Rodriguez
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba L Combita
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Leonardo J Enciso
- Programa de Investigación e Innovación en Leucemias Agudas y Crónicas (PILAC), Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Hemato-Oncología, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lauren F Raney
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Paula L Pinzon
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Olga C Lozano
- Grupo de Investigación en Biología del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba M Campos
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Julio Solano
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Jovanny Zabaleta
- Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sandra Quijano
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia. .,Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roschger C, Cabrele C. The Id-protein family in developmental and cancer-associated pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:7. [PMID: 28122577 PMCID: PMC5267474 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding and cell differentiation (Id) proteins are members of the large family of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, but they lack any DNA-binding motif. During development, the Id proteins play a key role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell differentiation by modulating different cell-cycle regulators both by direct and indirect mechanisms. Several Id-protein interacting partners have been identified thus far, which belong to structurally and functionally unrelated families, including, among others, the class I and II bHLH transcription factors, the retinoblastoma protein and related pocket proteins, the paired-box transcription factors, and the S5a subunit of the 26 S proteasome. Although the HLH domain of the Id proteins is involved in most of their protein-protein interaction events, additional motifs located in their N-terminal and C-terminal regions are required for the recognition of diverse protein partners. The ability of the Id proteins to interact with structurally different proteins is likely to arise from their conformational flexibility: indeed, these proteins contain intrinsically disordered regions that, in the case of the HLH region, undergo folding upon self- or heteroassociation. Besides their crucial role for cell-fate determination and cell-cycle progression during development, other important cellular events have been related to the Id-protein expression in a number of pathologies. Dysregulated Id-protein expression has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization, invasiveness, metastasis, chemoresistance and stemness, as well as with various developmental defects and diseases. Herein we provide an overview on the structural properties, mode of action, biological function and therapeutic potential of these regulatory proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Roschger
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Chiara Cabrele
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, Salzburg, 5020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
CHEN FANGFANG, ZHAO QINFEI, WANG SHUXIA, WANG HAIYONG, LI XIAOJUN. Upregulation of Id3 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in A549/DDP human lung cancer cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:313-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
15
|
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is an insidious type of cancer with its symptoms manifested upon extensive disease. The overall 5-year survival rates between 0.4 and 4%. Surgical resection is an option for only 10% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. Local recurrence and hepatic metastases occur within 2 years after surgery. There are currently several molecular pathways investigated and novel targeted treatments are on the market. However; the nature of pancreatic cancer with its ability to spread locally in the primary site and lymph nodes indicates that further experimentation with local interventional therapies could be a future treatment proposal as palliative care or adjunct to gene therapy and chemotherapy/radiotherapy. In the current review, we will summarize the molecular pathways and present the interventional treatment options for pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou JD, Yang L, Zhu XW, Wen XM, Yang J, Guo H, Chen Q, Yao DM, Ma JC, Lin J, Qian J. Clinical significance of up-regulated ID1 expression in Chinese de novo acute myeloid leukemia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:5336-5344. [PMID: 26191235 PMCID: PMC4503106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the clinical significance of ID1 expression in Chinese de novo AML patients. Real-time quantitative PCR was carried out to detect the status of ID1 expression in 102 de novo AML patients and 28 controls. ID1 transcript level was significantly increased in AML compared to normal controls (p=0.029). The age in the patients with high ID1 expression is significantly older than in those with low ID1 expression (p=0.044). ID1 overexpression occurred with the highest frequency in the patients with poor karyotype (7/7, 100%), lower frequency in the patients with intermediate karyotype (28/60, 47%), and the lowest frequency in the patients with favorable karyotype (12/31, 39%). Both whole AML and non-M3 patients with high ID1 expression had significantly lower rate of complete remission than those with low ID1 expression (p=0.007 and 0.038). ID1 high-expressed patients showed significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than ID1 low-expressed patients in both whole AML and non-M3 according to Kaplan-Meier analysis (p=0.007 and 0.040). However, multivariate analysis indicated that ID1 overexpression was not an independent risk factor in both whole AML and non-M3 patients. However, the adverse impact of ID1 overexpression on outcome was revealed by both Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate analysis in the non-M3 patients less than 60 years old. Our study reveals that ID1 overexpression may be associated with higher risk karyotype classification and act as an independent risk factor in young non-M3 patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Asian People/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Child
- China/epidemiology
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1/genetics
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Karyotype
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/ethnology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Remission Induction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Up-Regulation
- Young Adult
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Wen Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Ming Yao
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Laboratory Center, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Georgiadou D, Sergentanis T, Sakellariou S, Filippakis G, Zagouri F, Vlachodimitropoulos D, Psaltopoulou T, Lazaris A, Patsouris E, Zografos G. VEGF and Id-1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Prognostic significance and impact on angiogenesis. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014; 40:1331-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
|
18
|
Adduri R, Kotapalli V, Gupta NA, Gowrishankar S, Srinivasulu M, Ali MM, Rao S, Uppin SG, Nayak UK, Dhagam S, Chigurupati MV, Bashyam MD. P53 nuclear stabilization is associated with FHIT loss and younger age of onset in squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue. BMC Clin Pathol 2014; 14:37. [PMID: 25152695 PMCID: PMC4141988 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-14-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma of tongue (SCCT) is expected to harbor unique clinico-pathological and molecular genetic features since a significant proportion of patients are young and exhibit no association with tobacco or alcohol. METHODS We determined P53, epidermal growth factor receptor, microsatellite instability, human papilloma virus infection and loss of heterozygosity status at several tumor suppressor loci in one hundred and twenty one oral SCCT (SSCOT) samples and analyzed their association with clinico-pathological features and patient survival. RESULTS Our results revealed a significantly higher incidence of p53 nuclear stabilization in early (as against late) onset SCCOT. FHIT loss was significantly associated with p53 nuclear stabilization and the association was stronger in patients with no history of tobacco use. Samples harboring mutation in p53 DNA binding domain or exhibiting p53 nuclear stabilization, were significantly associated with poor survival. CONCLUSION Our study has therefore identified distinct features in SCCOT tumorigenesis with respect to age and tobacco exposure and revealed possible prognostic utility of p53.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Adduri
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India
| | - Viswakalyan Kotapalli
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India
| | - Neha A Gupta
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India ; Currently at National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | | | - Mukta Srinivasulu
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Red Hills, Hyderabad India
| | | | - Subramanyeshwar Rao
- MNJ Institute of Oncology & Regional Cancer Centre, Red Hills, Hyderabad India ; Currently at Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Murali Dharan Bashyam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Nampally, Hyderabad 500001, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nair S, Bora-Singhal N, Perumal D, Chellappan S. Nicotine-mediated invasion and migration of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells by modulating STMN3 and GSPT1 genes in an ID1-dependent manner. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:173. [PMID: 25028095 PMCID: PMC4121302 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitor of DNA binding/Differentiation 1 (ID1) is a helix loop helix transcription factor that lacks the basic DNA binding domain. Over-expression of ID1 has been correlated with a variety of human cancers; our earlier studies had shown that reported ID1 is induced by nicotine or EGF stimulation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and its down regulation abrogates cell proliferation, invasion and migration. Here we made attempts to identify downstream targets of ID1 that mediate these effects. Methods A microarray analysis was done on two different NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1650) that were transfected with a siRNA to ID1 or a control, non-targeting siRNA. Cells were stimulated with nicotine and genes that were differentially expressed upon nicotine stimulation and ID1 depletion were analyzed to identify potential downstream targets of ID1. The prospective role of the identified genes was validated by RT-PCR. Additional functional assays were conducted to assess the role of these genes in nicotine induced proliferation, invasion and migration. Experiments were also conducted to elucidate the role of ID1, which does not bind to DNA directly, affects the expression of these genes at transcriptional level. Results A microarray analysis showed multiple genes are affected by the depletion of ID1; we focused on two of them: Stathmin-like3 (STMN3), a microtubule destabilizing protein, and GSPT1, a protein involved in translation termination; these proteins were induced by both nicotine and EGF in an ID1 dependent fashion. Overexpression of ID1 in two different cell lines induced STMN3 and GSPT1 at the transcriptional level, while depletion of ID1 reduced their expression. STMN3 and GSPT1 were found to facilitate the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells in response to nAChR activation. Attempts made to assess how ID1, which is a transcriptional repressor, induces these genes showed that ID1 down regulates the expression of two transcriptional co-repressors, NRSF and ZBP89, involved in the repression of these genes. Conclusions Collectively, our data suggests that nicotine and EGF induce genes such as STMN3 and GSPT1 to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC, thus enhancing their tumorigenic properties. These studies thus reveal a central role for ID1 and its downstream targets in facilitating lung cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lasorella A, Benezra R, Iavarone A. The ID proteins: master regulators of cancer stem cells and tumour aggressiveness. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:77-91. [PMID: 24442143 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding (ID) proteins are transcriptional regulators that control the timing of cell fate determination and differentiation in stem and progenitor cells during normal development and adult life. ID genes are frequently deregulated in many types of human neoplasms, and they endow cancer cells with biological features that are hijacked from normal stem cells. The ability of ID proteins to function as central 'hubs' for the coordination of multiple cancer hallmarks has established these transcriptional regulators as therapeutic targets and biomarkers in specific types of human tumours.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lasorella
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
| | - Robert Benezra
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 241, New York, 10065 New York, USA
| | - Antonio Iavarone
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, 1130 St. Nicholas Avenue, New York, 10032 New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Harder J, Müller MJ, Fuchs M, Gumpp V, Schmitt-Graeff A, Fischer R, Frank M, Opitz O, Hasskarl J. Inhibitor of differentiation proteins do not influence prognosis of biliary tract cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:9334-9342. [PMID: 24409060 PMCID: PMC3882406 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression and clinical relevance of inhibitor of differentiation (ID) proteins in biliary tract cancer.
METHODS: ID protein expression was analyzed in 129 samples from patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) (45 extrahepatic, 50 intrahepatic, and 34 gallbladder cancers), compared to normal controls and correlated with clinical an pathological parameters.
RESULTS: ID1-3 proteins are frequently overexpressed in all BTC subtypes analyzed. No correlation between increased ID protein expression and tumor grading, tumor subtype or treatment response was detected. Survival was influenced primary tumor localization (extrahepatic vs intrahepatic and gall bladder cancer, OS 1.5 years vs 0.9 years vs 0.7 years, P = 0.002), by stage at diagnosis (OS 2.7 years in stage I vs 0.6 years in stage IV, P < 0.001), resection status and response to systemic chemotherapy. In a multivariate model, ID protein expression did not correlate with clinical prognosis. Nevertheless, there was a trend of shorter OS in patients with loss of cytoplasmic ID4 protein expression (P = 0.076).
CONCLUSION: ID protein expression is frequently deregulated in BTC but does not influence clinical prognosis. Their usefulness as prognostic biomarkers in BTC is very limited.
Collapse
|
22
|
Hsiao YC, Yang DL, Hung HL, Lung FDT. Structure activity relationships of peptidic analogs of MyoD for the development of Id1 inhibitors as antiproliferative agents. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:676-83. [PMID: 24123584 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Id proteins, inhibitors of DNA binding proteins, have highly conserved dimerization motif known as the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain that acts as a negative regulator of basic HLH (bHLH) transcription factors. In signaling pathways, Id proteins play an important role in cellular development, proliferation, and differentiation. The mechanism of Id proteins is to antagonize bHLH proteins, thereby preventing them from binding to DNA and inhibiting transcription of cellular differentiation-associated genes in cancer. Recently, we reported an inhibitor of Id1, peptide 3C, which showed good affinity to Id1 protein and exhibited inhibitory effects in cancer cells. In this study, Ala (A)-substituted analogs of peptide 3C were synthesized by SPPS, purified by RP-HPLC, and characterized by MALDI-TOF MS. Binding of each peptide to Id1 or Id1-HLH (the HLH domain of Id1) was monitored by surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor. Biological effect of each peptide in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was analyzed by MTT cell viability assay. The secondary structure of substituted analogs of peptide 3C was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. SPR results revealed that A-substituted analogs of peptide 3C showed weaker binding to Id1 than that of peptide 3C, indicating that the six amino acid residues in the N-terminal of peptide 3C were all essential for binding to Id1 and the importance of amino acid residue was I(2) > Q(6) > Y(1) > G(4) > L(5) > E(3). In addition, substitution of E(3) in peptide 3C with D, Q, and R did not improve the binding potency of peptide 3C. MTT assay demonstrated that neither A-substituted nor position 3-substituted analogs of peptide 3C showed increased antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 cancer cells. CD results indicated that peptide 3C exhibited the highest content of α-helical structure (39.37%), suggesting that the α-helical structure may contribute to its binding potency for Id1 and Id1-HLH. SAR results provided important information for the development of peptidic inhibitors of Id1 as anticancer agents and demonstrated peptide 3C as a promising lead for further modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lewis TC, Prywes R. Serum regulation of Id1 expression by a BMP pathway and BMP responsive element. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2013; 1829:1147-59. [PMID: 23948603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Immediate early genes (IEGs) are expressed upon re-entry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle following serum stimulation. These genes are involved in growth control and differentiation and hence their expression is tightly controlled. Many IEGs are regulated through Serum Response Elements (SREs) in their promoters, which bind Serum Response Factor (SRF). However, many other IEGs do not have SREs in their promoters and their serum regulation is poorly understood. We have identified SRF-independent IEGs in SRF-depleted fibroblasts. One of these, Id1, was examined more closely. We mapped a serum responsive element in the Id1 promoter and find that it is identical to a BMP responsive element (BRE). The Id1 BRE is necessary and sufficient for the serum regulation of Id1. Inhibition of the BMP pathway by siRNA depletion of Smad 4, treatment with the BMP antagonist noggin, or the BMP receptor inhibitor dorsomorphin blocked serum induction of Id1. Further, BMP2 is sufficient to induce Id1 expression. Given reports that SRC inhibitors can block Id1 expression, we tested the SRC inhibitor, AZD0530, and found that it inhibits the serum activation of Id1. Surprisingly, this inhibition is independent of SRC or its family members. Rather, we show that AZD0530 directly inhibits the BMP type I receptors. Serum induction of the Id1 related gene Id3 also required the BMP pathway. Given these and other findings we conclude that the Id family of IEGs is regulated by BMPs in serum through similar BREs. This represents a second pathway for serum regulation of IEGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thera C Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nicotine induces inhibitor of differentiation-1 in a Src-dependent pathway promoting metastasis and chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Neoplasia 2013; 14:1102-14. [PMID: 23308043 DOI: 10.1593/neo.121044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer, but the molecular mechanisms by which tobacco smoke components promote the growth and progression of these cancers are not fully understood. While nicotine, the addictive component of tobacco smoke, is not a carcinogen, it has been shown to promote the growth of non-small cell lung and pancreatic cancers in a receptor-dependent fashion. Here, we show that stimulation of pancreatic cancer cells with nicotine concentrations that are within the range of human exposure results in activation of Src kinase, which facilitated the induction of the inhibitor of differentiation-1 (Id1) transcription factor. Depletion of Id1 prevented nicotine-mediated induction of proliferation and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, indicating that it is a major mediator of nicotine function. Nicotine could promote the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancers orthotopically implanted into SCID mice; in addition, cells stably expressing a short hairpin RNA for Id1 did not grow or metastasize in response to nicotine. Nicotine could also confer resistance to apoptosis induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and depletion of Src or Id1 rendered the cells sensitive to gemcitabine. Further, nicotine could effectively inhibit the chemotherapeutic effects of gemcitabine on pancreatic tumors xenografted into mice. Clinical analyses of resected pancreatic cancer specimens demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between Id1 expression and phospho-Src, tumor grade/differentiation, and worsening overall patient survival. These results demonstrate that exposure to tobacco smoke components might promote pancreatic cancer progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance and highlight the role of Id1 in these processes.
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei W, Li H, Li N, Sun H, Li Q, Shen X. WNT5A/JNK signaling regulates pancreatic cancer cells migration by Phosphorylating Paxillin. Pancreatology 2013; 13:384-92. [PMID: 23890137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of WNT5A associated with aggressive tumor biology and poor clinical outcome of various types of cancer. However its function in the metastasis property of pancreatic cells still needs to be elucidated. METHODS We detected the expressions of WNT5A, JNK1/p-JNK1 and Paxillin/p-Paxillin in cancer and the para-carcinoma tissues of pancreatic cancer. To understand how WNT5A/JNK signaling affects pancreatic cancer cell migration through the phosphorylation of cellular substrates of Paxillin, In vitro, we knocked down the WNT5A in PANC1, Capan-2 and HT1080 cell lines, and then tested the expression of JNK1. We detected the proteins of phosphorylation of Paxillin after JNK1 was inhibited and then the cells migration assay was evaluated. Moreover, JNK1 functionally phosphorylates serine178 on paxillin in vitro was detected .At last we subsequently observed whether WNT5A/JNK signaling modulates some molecule expressions relevant to focal adhesion (FA) formation and mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle. RESULTS WNT5A, p-JNK1 and p-Paxillin were highly expressed in early stage of tumor tissues. In vitro, WNT5A/JNK signaling promotes cell migration in pancreatic cancer by phosphorylating serine178 on Paxillin, an FA adaptor, which means WNT5A may regulate FA's function.WNT5A up-regulates the molecule's expressions relevant to cell adhesion through the phosphorylation of JNK1, including MMP1, MMP2, ICAM and CD44. In addition, WNT5A/JNK signaling promoted the mRNA expressions of vimentin, but decreased in E-Cadherin expression, which suggested its regulatory effects on the EMT processes. WNT5A/JNK signaling didn't modulate cell proliferation. CONCLUSION WNT5A/JNK signaling initiate cell migration of pancreatic cancer through activation of Paxillin, which suggested WNT5A has the potency of being an effective therapeutic target for the metastasis of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shelton JR, Cutler CE, Browning MS, Balzarini J, Peterson MA. Synthesis and SAR of 2′,3′-bis-O-substituted N6, 5′-bis-ureidoadenosine derivatives: Implications for prodrug delivery and mechanism of action. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:6067-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
27
|
Prognostic Relevance of Id-1 Expression in Patients With Resectable Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 93:1682-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Yang SY, Chen Y, Yang CX, Yang DL, Kuo SC, Huang LJ, Lung FDT. Structure-activity relationships of a peptidic antagonist of Id1 studied by biosensor method, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and bioassay. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:667-74. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
29
|
ID1 facilitates the growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer in response to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:3052-67. [PMID: 21606196 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01311-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of ID1 (inhibitor of differentiation) has been correlated with the progression of a variety of cancers, but little information is available on its role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we show that ID1 is induced by nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in a panel of NSCLC cell lines and primary cells from the lung. ID1 induction was Src dependent and mediated through the α7 subunit of nAChR; transfection of K-Ras or EGFR to primary cells induced ID1. ID1 depletion prevented nicotine- and EGF-induced proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells and angiogenic tubule formation of human microvascular endothelial cells from lungs (HMEC-Ls). ID1 could induce the expression of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and fibronectin by downregulating ZBP-89, a zinc finger repressor protein. ID1 levels were elevated in tumors from mice that were exposed to nicotine. Further, human lung tissue microarrays (TMAs) showed elevated levels of ID1 in NSCLC samples, with maximal levels in metastatic lung cancers. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) performed on patient lung tumors showed that ID1 levels were elevated in advanced stages of NSCLC and correlated with elevated expression of vimentin and fibronectin, irrespective of smoking history.
Collapse
|
30
|
Bottone FG, Alston-Mills B. The dietary compounds resveratrol and genistein induce activating transcription factor 3 while suppressing inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-1. J Med Food 2011; 14:584-93. [PMID: 21554132 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various chemopreventive compounds alter gene expression, possibly explaining their biological activity. One gene induced by a variety of chemopreventive compounds is the one coding for the transcription factor activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). In this study, we performed microarray analysis on mRNA isolated from human colorectal cancer cells overexpressing ATF3 to ascertain the biological activity of this gene in cancer. As a result, 64 genes were induced or repressed. One gene identified by microarray analysis as repressed by overexpression of ATF3 was inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-1 (Id1). Id1 is important to cell growth and proliferation and therefore may represent an important downstream target of ATF3 responsible for the biological activity of ATF3. Id1 interacts with ATF3, thereby sequestering its activity, making it an ideal candidate for further study. The induction of ATF3 and repression of Id1 in these cells were confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels by semiquantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. To determine if the repression of Id1 seen following microarray analysis of these cells occurred following treatment with dietary compounds with known chemotherapeutic activity, human colorectal cancer cells were treated with resveratrol and genistein, and their expression was determined. As a result, ATF3 was induced, and Id1 was repressed, by these compounds and by sulindac sulfide, a positive control, at the mRNA and protein level. Further work is needed to determine the molecular mechanism(s) responsible for the regulation of Id1 and to determine if biological activity of ATF3 overexpression is mediated by repression of Id1 by these compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Bottone
- North Carolina State University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lee SH, Hao E, Kiselyuk A, Shapiro J, Shields DJ, Lowy A, Levine F, Itkin-Ansari P. The Id3/E47 axis mediates cell-cycle control in human pancreatic ducts and adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:782-90. [PMID: 21498546 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) has a 5-year survival rate of less than 5%, and therapeutic advances have been hampered by gaps in our understanding of cell-cycle control in the adult pancreas. Previously, we reported that basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factors regulate cell fate specification in the pancreas. In the present study, we found that a repressor of bHLH activity, Id3, was profoundly upregulated in ductal cells in murine models of pancreatitis and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). Id3 was also pervasively expressed in neoplastic lesions in human PDA in situ. We hypothesized that an imbalance in bHLH versus Id activity controlled cell growth in PDA. Consistent with this model, cell-cycle progression in PDA cells was impeded by siRNA-mediated depletion of Id3 or overexpression of the bHLH protein E47. The precursors of human PDA are normally quiescent duct cells which do not proliferate in response to high serum or growth factors. The finding that Id3 was expressed in pancreatitis, as well as PDA, suggested that Id3 might induce cell-cycle entry in ducts. To test this hypothesis, primary human pancreatic duct cells were transduced with an adenovirus-expressing Id3. Remarkably, Id3 expression alone was sufficient to trigger efficient cell-cycle entry, as manifested by expression of the proliferation markers Ki67, phospho-cyclin E, and phospho-histone H3. Collectively, the data establish dysregulation of the Id/bHLH axis as an early and sustained feature of ductal pathogenesis and mark this axis as a potential therapeutic target for intervention in pancreatitis and PDA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Universityof California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Maw MK, Fujimoto J, Tamaya T. Role of inhibitor of DNA binding-1 protein is related to angiogenesis in the tumor advancement of uterine endometrial cancers. Exp Ther Med 2010; 1:351-356. [PMID: 22993548 DOI: 10.3892/etm_00000055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of DNA binding (ID)-1 protein, an inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, has been found to be involved in multiple cellular functions. In the present study, ID-1 histoscores and mRNA levels were both significantly (p<0.05) increased in uterine endometrial cancers according to clinical stage, histological grade and depth of myometrial invasion. Furthermore, the 60-month survival rate of the 25 patients with high ID-1 was poor (52%), while that of the other 25 patients with low ID-1 was significantly higher (80%) (p<0.05). ID-1 histoscores and mRNA levels significantly (p<0.0001) correlated with microvessel counts in uterine endometrial cancers. Therefore, ID-1 acts on tumor advancement via angiogenic activity and can be considered a candidate prognostic indicator in uterine endometrial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Khine Maw
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Song H, Guo B, Zhang J, Song C. Transforming Growth Factor-β Suppressed Id-1 Expression in a smad3-Dependent Manner in LoVo Cells. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 293:42-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
34
|
Xie W, Li X, Ren G, Guo W. Expression and importance of inhibitor of DNA binding helix-loop-helix protein in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 48:434-7. [PMID: 19766362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2009.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies have reported that Id-1 (inhibitor of DNA binding, or differentiation 1) protein, helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factor, has important roles in the development of several carcinomas. However, the role of Id-1 protein in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is not clear. The expression of Id-1 protein was assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens of ACCs by immunohistochemical staining. Thirty-nine of the 54 specimens of ACC stained for Id-1expression, which was significantly more than was found in pleomorphic adenomas (4/12) and normal salivary gland tissues (1/10, p<0.05). There were also significant differences between stages I and II (7/14) and III-IV (32/40) (p<0.05). Of tumours with metastases, 31/38 stained for Id-1, which was significantly higher than among those without metastases (8/16) (p<0.05). Our results showed that Id-1 may have important roles in the development of salivary ACC. It might also be a useful therapeutic tool to help prevent salivary ACC or to inhibit its malignant progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WeiHong Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Higashikawa K, Yoneda S, Tobiume K, Saitoh M, Taki M, Mitani Y, Shigeishi H, Ono S, Kamata N. ΔNp63α-dependent expression of Id-3 distinctively suppresses the invasiveness of human squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2009; 124:2837-44. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
36
|
Legoffic A, Calvo EL, Barthet M, Delpero JR, Dagorn JC, Iovanna JL. Identification of genomic alterations associated with the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer using an ultra-high-resolution CGH array. Pancreatology 2009; 9:267-72. [PMID: 19407481 DOI: 10.1159/000212092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic alterations present in pancreatic adenocarcinoma have been described only partially. In addition, the relations between these alterations and the aggressiveness of the phenotype remain unknown. METHODS Genomic DNA and total RNA from 5 pancreatic cell lines, of which 2 have an aggressive phenotype and are gemcitabine-resistant (Mia-Paca2 and Panc-1), and 3 less aggressive and gemcitabine-sensitive (Capan-1, Capan-2 and BxPC3), have been purified. DNA abnormalities have been analyzed using an ultra-high-resolution CGH array and mRNA expression was studied with an Affymetrix GeneChip expression array. RESULTS We identified 573 amplified and 30 deleted genes common to all 5 cell lines. Some of them have already been described, whereas other genes, implicated in signal transduction, apoptosis, cell cycle or cell migration, are described for the first time as being related to this cancer. Comparison of genomic abnormalities between the 2 most aggressive and the 3 less aggressive cell lines led to the identification of 368 genes specifically amplified in the aggressive cell lines. However, no specific gene deletion seems to be associated with the aggressive phenotype. CONCLUSION Using a high-resolution approach, we could precisely describe the genomic alterations associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and determine those associated with an aggressive phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Legoffic
- INSERM U.624, Stress Cellulaire, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Darnel AD, Wang D, Ghabreau L, Yasmeen A, Sami S, Akil N, Al Moustafa AE. Correlation between the presence of high-risk human papillomaviruses and Id gene expression in Syrian women with cervical cancer. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 16:262-6. [PMID: 19438642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Infection by high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is considered to be the central cause of invasive cervical cancer. Previously reported studies have shown that Id genes regulate cell invasion and metastasis in several human carcinomas including cervical cancer. In order to investigate the correlation between high-risk HPVs and Id genes in human cervical cancer, the presence of high-risk HPVs and their association with Id gene expression was examined using PCR methods and tissue microarray analyses in a cohort of 44 cervical cancer patients from Syria. This study showed that high-risk HPVs were present in 42 samples (95%) that represent invasive cervical cancers and that the most frequent high-risk HPV types in Syrian women were 33, 16, 18, 45, 52, 58, 35, 51 and 31. Furthermore, the expression of E6 oncoprotein of high-risk HPVs was found to correlate with overexpression of Id-1, but not of Id-2, Id-3 or Id-4 in the majority of invasive cervical cancer tissue samples. These data suggest that high-risk HPVs can enhance the progression of human cervical cancer through Id-1 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Darnel
- Segal Cancer Center, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research of the Sir Mortimer B. Davis-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Shuno Y, Tsuno NH, Okaji Y, Tsuchiya T, Sakurai D, Nishikawa T, Yoshikawa N, Sasaki K, Hongo K, Tsurita G, Sunami E, Kitayama J, Tokunaga K, Takahashi K, Nagawa H. Id1/Id3 knockdown inhibits metastatic potential of pancreatic cancer. J Surg Res 2008; 161:76-82. [PMID: 19515385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2008.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Id (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation) proteins belong to the helix-loop-helix transcriptional regulatory factors, and play important roles in tumor development. Previously, we and others have shown that targeting Id in tumor cells could have important clinical implications. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Id inhibition in human pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Id1 and Id3 were stably double-knockdown in human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA-Paca2 by means of RNA interference. Expression of Id and integrins were analyzed by flow-cytometry. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTS assay. Migration was measured by wound closure assay. Adhesion assay was performed to evaluate binding capacity for different extracellular matrix proteins. Finally, in vivo properties of tumor cells were observed in a mouse model of peritoneal metastasis. RESULTS Id1/Id3 double-knockdown resulted in decreased ability of pancreatic cancer cells to proliferate and migrate. In addition, Id1/Id3 double-knockdown caused decreased expression of integrins alpha3, alpha6, and beta1, and consequently reduced adhesion of tumor cells to laminin. Finally, peritoneal metastases of Id1/Id3 double-knockdown tumor cells were significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the Id proteins play a pivotal role in the development of peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer, and consequently, their targeting would be a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Shuno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Expression of the inhibitor of DNA-binding (ID)-1 protein as an angiogenic mediator in tumour advancement of uterine cervical cancers. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1557-63. [PMID: 19002177 PMCID: PMC2584935 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ID protein, an inhibitor of basic helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcription factors, has been involved in multiple cellular processes. To investigate the association between tumour advancement and ID expressions of uterine cervical cancers, the levels of ID-1, ID-2 and ID-3 mRNAs were determined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the histoscore with the localisation of ID-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry and patient survival in 60 patients. ID-1 histoscores and mRNA levels both significantly (P<0.05) increased in uterine cervical cancers according to clinical stage regardless of histopathological type or lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, the 36-month survival rate of the 30 patients with high ID-1 was poor (60%), whereas that of the other 30 patients with low ID-1 was significantly higher (83%). ID-1 histoscores and mRNA levels significantly (P<0.0001) correlated with microvessel counts in uterine cervical cancers. Tumour cells show mostly diffuse to strong cytoplasmic expression of ID-1 and also very faint expression in endothelial cells. Moreover, ID-1 expression not only correlated with microvessel counts but also correlated significantly with histoscore. Therefore, ID-1 might work on tumour advancement through angiogenic activity and is considered to be a candidate for a prognostic indicator in uterine cervical cancers.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yu WP, Scott SA, Dong WF. Induction of ID1 expression and apoptosis by the histone deacetylase inhibitor (trichostatin A) in human acute myeloid leukaemic cells. Cell Prolif 2008; 41:86-97. [PMID: 18211287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2007.00499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ID1, founding member of the inhibitor of differentiation (ID) family, is involved in cell population growth, apoptosis and tumourigenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated mRNA levels of ID1 in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines and in specimens of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of ID1 in human myeloid leukaemic cell lines using Western blot analysis. Six of seven AML cell lines and 12 of 15 AML patient samples were found to have barely detectable ID1 mRNA. All of these cell lines showed the same levels of protein in proportion to levels of mRNA. Two of the AML cell lines with low ID1 expression, KG1 and KG-1a, were chosen for treatment with either the DNA demethylation reagent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC), or the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA). These treatments were alone or in combination, and ID1 expression was induced by both DAC and TSA. No hypermethylated ID1 gene promoter was detected in the majority of the cell lines and patient specimens, by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that induction of ID1 in KG1 and KG-1a was not due to direct demethylation of the ID1 gene promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that accumulation of acetyl-histone H3 and release of HDAC1 were correlated with ID1 induction by these drugs. Flow cytometric assay demonstrated more apoptosis induced by TSA or TSA in combination with DAC, in both KG-1 and KG-1a cell lines. Increase of intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed when treated with TSA. CONCLUSION Most AML cell lines and human AML samples have very low levels of expression of ID1. TSA or TSA in combination with DAC is able to restore ID1 expression in low ID1-expressing AML cell lines by re-activating the aberrantly deacetylated promoter, and this also results in more apoptotic cell death, in which ID1 and the redox pathway may be involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-P Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Shepherd TG, Thériault BL, Nachtigal MW. Autocrine BMP4 signalling regulates ID3 proto-oncogene expression in human ovarian cancer cells. Gene 2008; 414:95-105. [PMID: 18372118 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2008.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4 signalling leads to the direct upregulation of ID3 proto-oncogene expression in human ovarian cancer cells. An upstream BMP4-responsive enhancer element consisting of a palindromic BMP response element (BRE) site and CAGA box was identified ~3.0 kb upstream of the human ID3 gene, and a nearly-identical element exists in the second intron of the ID3 gene. BMP4 stimulation leads to the direct binding of Smads 1/5 and Smad4 to the upstream and intronic enhancers, and together both enhancers cooperate to yield heightened BMP4-mediated ID3 promoter activity. We further demonstrate that ID3 is overexpressed in human ovarian cancer cells when compared to normal ovarian surface epithelial cells, and treatment of ovarian cancer cells with the BMP4 antagonist Noggin abrogates endogenous ID3 gene expression. Our findings define the mechanism of BMP4-mediated ID3 gene expression, and support the notion that ovarian cancer cells possess autocrine BMP4 signalling required to sustain ID3 overexpression which may contribute to human ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor G Shepherd
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Peptide-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides for targeted inhibition of a transcriptional regulator in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2008; 26:91-100. [PMID: 18176556 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are important targets for the treatment of a variety of malignancies but are extremely difficult to inhibit, as they are located in the cell's nucleus and act mainly by protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions. The transcriptional regulators Id1 and Id3 are attractive targets for cancer therapy as they are required for tumor invasiveness, metastasis and angiogenesis. We report here the development of an antitumor agent that downregulates Id1 effectively in tumor endothelial cells in vivo. Efficient delivery and substantial reduction of Id1 protein levels in the tumor endothelium were effected by fusing an antisense molecule to a peptide known to home specifically to tumor neovessels. In two different tumor models, systemic delivery of this drug led to enhanced hemorrhage, hypoxia and inhibition of primary tumor growth and metastasis, similar to what is observed in Id1 knockout mice. Combination with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin yielded virtually complete growth suppression of aggressive breast tumors.
Collapse
|
43
|
Hua H, Sarvetnick N. Expression of Id1 in adult, regenerating and developing pancreas. Endocrine 2007; 32:280-6. [PMID: 18322823 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/20/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Several key transcription factors are necessary for alpha cell development in the pancreas. In this study, we describe the expression of Inhibition of DNA-binding protein 1 (Id1) in the developing as well as the normal adult pancreas. We found co-expression of Id1 with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor in alpha cells. Inhibition of BMP4 signaling with a specific neutralizing antibody slightly decreases the proportion of glucagon cells in the adult pancreas but had a significant effect in a model of pancreas regeneration. In late embryonic pancreas, Id1 co-localized with GATA4, a transcription factor known for its critical function in glucagon cell development. However, in early postnatal period, the expression of Id1 and GATA4 diverged with Id1 identified in glucagon cells and GATA4 restricted to the acinar pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hua
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd, IMM-23, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hua H, Sarvetnick N. ID2 promotes the expansion and survival of growth-arrested pancreatic beta cells. Endocrine 2007; 32:329-37. [PMID: 18322822 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-008-9039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of DNA binding proteins (Ids) are implicated in the control of proliferation and differentiation. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that Id2 could stimulate proliferation and survival in differentiated pancreatic beta cells. We showed that Id2-enhanced proliferation of a growth-arrested pancreatic beta cell line (BTC-tet). This was mediated by the Rb pathway, as shown by an E2F1-driven reporter assay and Western immunoblot of phosphorylated Rb protein. Id2 also induced expression of Bcl-2, accompanied by a significant reduction of critical mediators of cytokine stimulation, including p38 MAPK and NFkappaB, as well as apoptosis markers, caspase-3 and Annexin-V. Overall, our data suggest that Id2 enhances proliferation and survival of growth-arrested BTC-tet cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hua
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Rd., IMM-23, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Id protein family consists of four members namely Id-1 to Id-4. Different from other basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, they lack the DNA binding domain. Id proteins have been shown to be dysregulated in many different cancer types and their prognostic value has also been demonstrated. Recently, Id-1 has been shown to be upregulated in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the prognostic implications of Id proteins in ESCC have not been reported. We examined the expression of the Id proteins in ESCC cell lines and clinical ESCC specimens and found that Id protein expressions were dysregulated in both the ESCC cell lines and specimens. By correlating the expression levels of Id proteins and the clinicopathological data of our patient cohort, we found that M1 stage tumours had significantly higher nuclear Id-1 expression (P=0.012) while high nuclear Id-1 expression could predict development of distant metastasis within 1 year of oesophagectomy (P=0.005). In addition, high levels of Id-2 expression in both cytoplasmic and nuclear regions predicted longer patient survival (P=0.041). Multivariate analysis showed that high-level expression of Id-2 in both cytoplasmic and nuclear regions and lower level of nuclear Id-1 expression were independent favourable predictors of survival in our ESCC patients. Our results suggest that Id-1 may promote distant metastasis in ESCC, and both Id-1 and Id-2 may be used for prognostication for ESCC patients.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kim HJ, Chung H, Yoo YG, Kim H, Lee JY, Lee MO, Kong G. Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 activates vascular endothelial growth factor through enhancing the stability and activity of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Mol Cancer Res 2007; 5:321-9. [PMID: 17426247 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-06-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (Id-1) has been implicated in tumor angiogenesis by regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but its molecular mechanism has not been fully understood. Here, we show the cross talk between Id-1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), that Id-1 induces VEGF by enhancing the stability and activity of HIF-1alpha in human endothelial and breast cancer cells. Although both the transcript and proteins levels of VEGF were induced by Id-1, only the protein expression of HIF-1alpha was induced without transcriptional changes in both human umbilical endothelial cells and MCF7 breast cancer cells. Such induction of the HIF-1alpha protein did not require de novo protein synthesis but was dependent on the active extracellular response kinase (ERK) pathway. In addition, stability of the HIF-1alpha protein was enhanced in part by the reduced association of the HIF-1alpha protein with von Hippel-Lindau protein in the presence of Id-1. Furthermore, Id-1 enhanced nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activity of HIF-1alpha. Transcriptional activation of HIF-1-dependent promoters was dependent on the active ERK pathway, and the association of HIF-1alpha protein with cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein was enhanced by Id-1. Finally, Id-1 induced tube formation in human umbilical endothelial cells, which also required active ERK signaling. In conclusion, we provide the molecular mechanism of the cross talk between HIF-1alpha and Id-1, which may play a critical role in tumor angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jun Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Id-1 (Inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding) is a member of the helix-loop-helix protein family expressed in actively proliferating cells. It regulates gene transcription by heterodimerization with the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors and therefore inhibits them from DNA binding and transactivation of their target genes. Early studies showed that Id-1 functions mainly as a regulator in cellular differentiation of the muscle cells. The oncogenic role of Id-1 was revealed recently by the finding that Id-1 expression was able to induce cancer cell growth and promote cell survival. In addition, Id-1 protein was frequently overexpressed in over 20 types of cancer, supporting its role in the tumorigenesis of a wide range of tissues. However, the fact that Id-1 was able to activate multiple pathways involved in tumor progression suggests that Id-1 may in addition function in promotion of tumor development. For example, overexpression of Id-1 was found to induce expression of MT1-MMP protein, leading to invasion of breast cancer cells. A close association between Id-1 expression and angiogenesis has also been demonstrated recently in both normal and cancer cells. Accordingly, in prostate cancer cells, expression of Id-1 was able to activate EGF-R and nuclear factor-kappaB activities and resulted in progression to androgen independence. In addition, in both nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prostate cancer cells, Id-1 expression was found to protect the cells from chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis through regulation of the Raf-1/MAPK and JNK pathways. This review will discuss recent evidence supporting the role of Id-1 in tumor progression and the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tat Ling
- Cancer Biology Group, Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jang KS, Paik SS, Chung H, Oh YH, Kong G. MTA1 overexpression correlates significantly with tumor grade and angiogenesis in human breast cancers. Cancer Sci 2006; 97:374-9. [PMID: 16630134 PMCID: PMC11159072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2006.00186.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis associated antigen 1 (MTA1) is a recently identified candidate metastasis-associated gene that plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness, especially tumor invasiveness and metastasis. We analyzed the relationship between MTA1 expression and variable clinicopathological features and characterized its role in tumor angiogenesis in human breast cancers. Two hundred and sixty-three breast cancer cases that successfully underwent surgery at Hanyang University Hospital (Seoul, Korea) between January 1989 and December 1997 were enrolled. MTA1 expression was observed by immunohistochemical staining and correlated with intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) and other clinicopathological parameters. MTA1 overexpression correlated significantly with higher tumor grade (grades 1 and 2 vs grade 3, P = 0.009). However, MTA1 expression did not correlate with tumor stage, status of estrogen and progesterone receptors, or axillary lymph node metastasis. Interestingly, MTA1 expression was found to correlate significantly with tumor MVD (P = 0.002). Survival analysis did not show a significant difference between MTA1 overexpression and poorer survival. In conclusion, MTA1 overexpression was found to be closely associated with higher tumor grade and increased tumor angiogenesis. These findings suggest MTA1 as a predictor of aggressive phenotype and a possible target molecule for anti-angiogenic drugs in breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Seok Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jang KS, Han HX, Paik SS, Brown PH, Kong G. Id-1 overexpression in invasive ductal carcinoma cells is significantly associated with intratumoral microvessel density in ER-negative/node-positive breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2006; 244:203-10. [PMID: 16469432 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2005.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2005] [Revised: 12/08/2005] [Accepted: 12/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the possible role of inhibitor of DNA binding (Id-1) overexpression in human breast cancer. We examined Id-1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 263 human breast cancers, 15 in situ lesions and 248 invasive cancers to investigate the relationship between its expression and various clinicopathological factors. Id-1 expression was significantly higher in invasive ductal carcinoma than in in situ ductal carcinoma or other invasive cancer subtypes (P=0.029 and 0.006, respectively). We also examined the association between Id-1 expression and tumor angiogenesis by measuring microvessel densities (MVD). Regarding the endothelial cells of microvessels showed negative or very weak Id-1 expression, Id-1 overexpression was found to be significantly related to MVD (P=0.014). Furthermore, Id-1 overexpression was found to be significantly associated with higher MVD in the ER-negative and node-involved subgroups of breast cancer (P=0.040 and 0.046, respectively). These data indicate that Id-1 overexpression is significantly associated with tumor angiogenesis, especially in the ER-negative and node-positive subtypes of invasive breast cancer. Thus, Id-1 presents a possible therapeutic antitumor target molecule in ER-negative and node-positive breast cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/blood supply
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/blood supply
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 1/metabolism
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Microcirculation
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Seok Jang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dang, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Straume O, Akslen LA. Strong expression of ID1 protein is associated with decreased survival, increased expression of ephrin-A1/EPHA2, and reduced thrombospondin-1 in malignant melanoma. Br J Cancer 2005; 93:933-8. [PMID: 16189525 PMCID: PMC2361652 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ID1 protein, an inhibitor of basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors, has been involved in multiple cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. To evaluate the importance of ID1 in malignant melanoma, tumour cell expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 119 cases of nodular melanoma using tissue microarray technique, and related to multiple tumour markers including proliferation, p16 expression, angiogenesis and patient survival. Strong ID1 expression was significantly associated with increased tumour thickness, and significantly reduced survival. Also, increased ID1 was associated with loss of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression, a known inhibitor of angiogenesis, and increased intensity of ephrin-A1 and its receptor EPHA2. Presence of BRAF mutations was related to strong ID1 expression, but there was no relationship with p16 protein expression. Further, no significant correlation was found between ID1 and microvessel density. In conclusion, our study supports a significant role of the ID1 protein in melanoma progression and patient prognosis. The absence of correlation with p16 protein expression and angiogenesis suggests that other regulatory pathways and mechanisms might be influenced by ID1 in melanomas. An inverse relation between ID1 and TSP-1 expression support an important role of ID1 in the regulation of this complex multitarget protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Straume
- The Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - L A Akslen
- The Gade Institute, Section for Pathology, University of Bergen, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Vascular Biology Program, Karp Family Research Labs 12.125, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5737, USA. E-mail: or
| |
Collapse
|