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Du J, Du Y, Chen L, Liu H. IL-17 promotes melanoma through TRAF2 as a scaffold protein recruiting PIAS2 and ELAVL1 to induce EPHA5. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119547. [PMID: 37481078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
An abnormal immune response induces melanoma development. IL-17 and the classical downstream signal STAT1 are associated with melanoma development. TRAF2 also mediates the downstream signaling of IL-17; however, its role in IL-17-stimulated melanoma remains unclear. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that TRAF2 can bind to PIAS2 (a SUMO E3 ligase), ELAVL1 (an RNA-binding protein), and EPHA5 (an ephrin receptor of the tyrosine kinase family). To elucidate the IL-17 downstream signal, the IL-17 receptor (R), STAT1, TRAF2, PIAS2, ELAVL1, and EPHA5 were knocked down before melanoma cells were treated with recombinant IL-17A protein. Co-immunoprecipitation and RNA immunoprecipitation were conducted to determine the interaction of TRAF2 with PIAS2, ELAVL1, and EPHA5 proteins, as well as the interaction of ELAVL1 protein with EPHA5 mRNA. STAT1 knockdown suppressed the proliferation and invasion triggered by IL-17A, but the suppressive effects were much weaker than those caused by IL-17R knockdown. This implies that another nonclassical signal mediates IL-17 effects. IL-17A induces TRAF2 recruitment of ELAVL1, PIAS2, and EPHA5 proteins. We speculated that ELAVL1 bound to the AU-rich elements in the 3' untranslated region of the EPHA5 mRNA, thereby enhancing mRNA stability. Furthermore, PIAS2 induced EPHA5 SUMOylation, which suppressed EPHA5 ubiquitination and degradation. Through pre- and post-translational regulation, IL-17A induced EPHA5 expression in melanoma, and EPHA5 knockdown markedly suppressed IL-17A-induced proliferation and invasion. This study revealed a non-classical signaling mechanism responsible for the effects of IL-17 in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Du
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yujia Du
- Medical college of Jianghan University, No. 8, Sanjiaohu Road, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510630, China; Innovative Technology Research Institute of Plastic Surgery, Guangzhou 510630, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Raza A, Archer SA, Thomas JA, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. Selectively inhibiting malignant melanoma migration and invasion in an engineered skin model using actin-targeting dinuclear Ru II-complexes. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:65-73. [PMID: 36755639 PMCID: PMC9890726 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the poor prognosis of metastatic cancers, there is a clinical need for agents with anti-metastatic activity. Here we report on the anti-metastatic effect of a previously reported Ru(ii) complex [{(phen)2Ru}2(tpphz)]4+, 14+, that has recently been shown to disrupt actin fiber assembly. In this study, we investigated the anti-migratory effect of +14+ and a close structural analogue+, 24+, on two highly invasive, metastatic human melanoma cell lines. Laser scanning confocal imaging was used to investigate the structure of actin filament and adhesion molecule vinculin and results show disassembly of central actin filaments and focal adhesions. The effect of both compounds on actin filaments was also found to be reversible. As these results revealed that the complexes were cytostatic and produced a significant inhibitory effect on the migration of both melanoma cell lines but not human dermal fibroblasts their effect on 3D-spheroids and a tissue-engineered living skin model were also investigated. These experiments demonstrated that the compounds inhibited the growth and invasiveness of the melanoma-based spheroidal tumor model and both complexes were found to penetrate the epidermis of the skin tissue model and inhibit the invasion of melanoma cells. Taken together, the cytostatic and antimigratory effects of the complexes results in an antimetastatic effect that totally prevent invasion of malignant melanoma into skin tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahtasham Raza
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield Mappin St Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - Stuart A. Archer
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK+44 (0)114 222 9325
| | - Jim A. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of SheffieldBrook HillSheffieldS3 7HFUK+44 (0)114 222 9325
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of Sheffield Mappin St Sheffield S1 3JD UK
| | - John W. Haycock
- Materials Science & Engineering, University of SheffieldMappin StSheffield S1 3JDUK
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3
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Mocellin D, Bratti LDOS, Silva AH, Assunção LS, Kretzer IF, Filippin-Monteiro FB. Serum from morbidly obese patients affects melanoma cell behavior in vitro. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-979020201000x42e19375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
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Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with few therapeutic options, increased biological understanding and unprecedented innovations in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints have substantially improved the prognosis of patients. However, the low response rate and inevitable occurrence of resistance to currently available targeted therapies have posed the obstacle in the path of melanoma management to obtain further amelioration. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying melanoma pathogenesis more comprehensively, which might lead to more substantial progress in therapeutic approaches and expand clinical options for melanoma therapy. In this review, we firstly make a brief introduction to melanoma epidemiology, clinical subtypes, risk factors, and current therapies. Then, the signal pathways orchestrating melanoma pathogenesis, including genetic mutations, key transcriptional regulators, epigenetic dysregulations, metabolic reprogramming, crucial metastasis-related signals, tumor-promoting inflammatory pathways, and pro-angiogenic factors, have been systemically reviewed and discussed. Subsequently, we outline current progresses in therapies targeting mutated driver genes and immune checkpoints, as well as the mechanisms underlying the treatment resistance. Finally, the prospects and challenges in the development of melanoma therapy, especially immunotherapy and related ongoing clinical trials, are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 of West Changle Road, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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5
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Sobiepanek A, Paone A, Cutruzzolà F, Kobiela T. Biophysical characterization of melanoma cell phenotype markers during metastatic progression. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2021; 50:523-542. [PMID: 33730175 PMCID: PMC8190004 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-021-01514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most fatal form of skin cancer, with increasing prevalence worldwide. The most common melanoma genetic driver is mutation of the proto-oncogene serine/threonine kinase BRAF; thus, the inhibition of its MAP kinase pathway by specific inhibitors is a commonly applied therapy. However, many patients are resistant, or develop resistance to this type of monotherapy, and therefore combined therapies which target other signaling pathways through various molecular mechanisms are required. A possible strategy may involve targeting cellular energy metabolism, which has been recognized as crucial for cancer development and progression and which connects through glycolysis to cell surface glycan biosynthetic pathways. Protein glycosylation is a hallmark of more than 50% of the human proteome and it has been recognized that altered glycosylation occurs during the metastatic progression of melanoma cells which, in turn facilitates their migration. This review provides a description of recent advances in the search for factors able to remodel cell metabolism between glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and of changes in specific markers and in the biophysical properties of cells during melanoma development from a nevus to metastasis. This development is accompanied by changes in the expression of surface glycans, with corresponding changes in ligand-receptor affinity, giving rise to structural features and viscoelastic parameters particularly well suited to study by label-free biophysical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sobiepanek
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alessio Paone
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Cutruzzolà
- Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tomasz Kobiela
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Interactions Studies, Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Dong Z, Luo M, Wang L, Yin H, Zhu W, Fu J. MicroRNA-206 Regulation of Skin Pigmentation in Koi Carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.). Front Genet 2020; 11:47. [PMID: 32117457 PMCID: PMC7029398 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that act as crucial roles in plenty of biological processes. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of miRNAs to regulate skin color differentiation and pigmentation in fish have not been fully understood. Herein, we revealed that miR-206, a skin-enriched miRNA, regulates melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r, a key regulator of melanogenesis) expression by binding to its 3'-untranslated (UTR) region through bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The analysis of spatial and temporal expression patterns suggested that miR-206 is a potential regulator in the skin pigmentation process. Then, we silenced it in vivo with an antagomir method. The result showed a substantial increase of Mc1r mRNA expression and protein level, and also its downstream genes: tyrosinase (Tyr) and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) that encoding key enzymes involved in melanin synthesis. Moreover, we constructed the miRNA-206 sponge lentivirus vector to transfect koi carp melanocytes in vitro, further checked the functions of melanocytes using Cck-8 and Transwell assays. As a result, inhibition of miR-206 significantly up-regulated Mc1r mRNA expression and protein level and accelerated the melanocyte proliferation and migration ability compared with the scrambled-sequence negative control group (miR-NC). Overall, these findings provide the evidence that miR-206 plays a regulatory role in the skin color pigmentation through targeting the Mc1r gene and would facilitate understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying miRNA-mediated skin color pigmentation in koi carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaijie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu, China.,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingkun Luo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lanmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Yin
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenbin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Park J, Jeong D, Jang B, Oh ES. The melanocortin-1 receptor reversely regulates the melanin synthesis and migration of melanoma cells via dimerization-induced conformational changes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:739-745. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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8
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Saed GM, Fletcher NM, Diamond MP, Morris RT, Gomez-Lopez N, Memaj I. Novel expression of CD11b in epithelial ovarian cancer: Potential therapeutic target. Gynecol Oncol 2018; 148:567-575. [PMID: 29329880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the expression, and effect of targeting CD11b with a monoclonal antibody in ovarian cancer cells. METHODS CD11b expression was determined in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines and tissues by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity of the CD11b antibody and synergism with chemothearapeutic drugs were determined by the MTT Cell Proliferation Assay in human macrophages, normal ovarian epithelial cells, and in both sensitive and chemoresistant EOC cell lines. Cell migration was assessed with a scratch assay and in vivo effects of the CD11b antibody was assessed with a nude mouse ovarian cancer xenograft model. Data was analyzed with either t-tests or one-way ANOVA. RESULTS CD11b was unexpectedly expressed in several EOC lines and tissues, but not normal tissues. Targeting CD11b with its monoclonal antibody resulted in intriguing cytotoxic effects in sensitive and chemoresistant EOC lines, while surprisingly not affecting normal cells. More importantly, the cytotoxicity of the CD11b antibody when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin or docetaxel) was significantly synergistic, in both sensitive and chemoresistant EOC cells. The anti-tumorigenic effect of the CD11b antibody was confirmed in an ovarian cancer nude mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSION Here we identify CD11b as a novel target, which selectively induces cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan M Saed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Nicole M Fletcher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Michael P Diamond
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, 1120 15th Street, BA-7300, Augusta, GA 30912, United States.
| | - Robert T Morris
- Karmanos Cancer Center, 4100 John R, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
| | - Ira Memaj
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 275 E Hancock St, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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9
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Changchun K, Pengchao H, Ke S, Ying W, Lei W. Interleukin-17 augments tumor necrosis factor α-mediated increase of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and inhibits vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein expression to reduce the adhesion of breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:3253-3260. [PMID: 28521432 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α are able to cooperatively alter the expression levels of a number of genes. In the present study, the mRNA expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α were analyzed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells following treatment with IL-17, TNF-α or the combination of IL-17 and TNF-α. The protein expression levels of HIF-1α and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) were evaluated using western blot analysis. The adhesive ability of the cells was determined using an MTT assay following treatment with HIF-1α-small interfering RNA and short hairpin RNA-VASP that were used to suppress the expression levels of HIF-1α and VASP protein, respectively. These results demonstrated that IL-17 augmented TNF-α-induced gene expression of HIF-1α. The combination of IL-17 and TNF-α promoted an increase in HIF-1α expression and a decrease in VASP expression and a reduction in the adhesive ability of cells. These results demonstrated that IL-17 effectively enhanced the TNF-α-induced increase in HIF-1α and inhibited VASP expression, thus reducing the adhesion of MDA-MB-231 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Changchun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Hu Pengchao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Su Ke
- Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Wang Ying
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Research Center of Food and Drug Evaluation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
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10
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Babapoor S, Fleming E, Wu R, Dadras SS. A novel miR-451a isomiR, associated with amelanotypic phenotype, acts as a tumor suppressor in melanoma by retarding cell migration and invasion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107502. [PMID: 25237911 PMCID: PMC4169564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are key regulatory small non-coding RNAs involved in critical steps of melanoma tumorigenesis; however, the relationship between sequence specific variations at the 5′ or 3′ termini (isomiR) of a miRNA and cancer phenotype remains unclear. Deep-sequencing and qRT-PCR showed reduced expression of miR-144/451a cluster and most abundant isomiR (miR451a.1) in dysplastic nevi, in-situ and invasive melanomas compared to common nevi and normal skin (n = 101). miRNA in situ hybridization reproducibly confirmed lost miR-451a.1 in melanoma compared to nevus cells or adjacent keratinocytes. Significantly higher expression of miR-451a.1 was associated with amelanotic phenotype in melanomas (n = 47). In contrast, miR-451a was associated with melanotic phenotype, absent pagetoid scatter of intraepidermal melanocytes, superficial spreading histological subtype and tumor inflammation. Sequencing miRNAs from cultured melanocytes with cytoplasmic melanin gradient (light, medium to dark) showed absent miR-451a while revealing other melanin-associated miRNAs, e.g. miR-30b, miR-100 and miR-590 in darkly and let-7a, let-7i and let-7f in lightly to moderately pigmented cultured melanocytes. Ectopic expression of miR-144/451a in melanoma cell lines resulted in markedly higher levels of mature miR-451a.1 than miR451a or miR-144; and significantly retarded cell migration and inhibited invasion in a glucose-sensitive manner. Surprisingly, these effects were not mediated by calcium binding protein 39 (CAB39), a proven miR451a gene target. miR-144/miR-451a cluster is a novel miRNA locus with tumor suppressive activity in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhiros Babapoor
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Fleming
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Rong Wu
- CICATS Biostatistics Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Soheil S. Dadras
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Ma YL, Lin SW, Fang HC, Chou KJ, Bee YS, Chu TH, Chang MC, Weng WT, Wu CY, Cho CL, Tai MH. A novel poly-naphthol compound ST104P suppresses angiogenesis by attenuating matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression in endothelial cells. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16611-27. [PMID: 25244013 PMCID: PMC4200753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of neovascularization, plays an important role in physiological and pathological conditions. ST104P is a soluble polysulfated-cyclo-tetrachromotropylene compound with anti-viral and anti-thrombotic activities. However, the functions of ST104P in angiogenesis have never been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of ST104P in angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Application of ST104P potently suppressed the microvessels sprouting in aortic rings ex vivo. Furthermore, ST104P treatment significantly disrupted the vessels' development in transgenic zebrafish in vivo. Above all, repeated administration of ST104P resulted in delayed tumor growth and prolonged the life span of mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. Mechanistic studies revealed that ST104P potently inhibited the migration, tube formation and wound closure of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs). Moreover, ST104P treatment inhibited the secretion and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these results suggest that ST104P is a potent angiogenesis inhibitor and may hold potential for treatment of diseases due to excessive angiogenesis including cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/chemistry
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/toxicity
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Aorta
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/drug therapy
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/blood supply
- Embryo, Nonmammalian/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Macrocyclic Compounds/chemistry
- Macrocyclic Compounds/pharmacology
- Macrocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Macrocyclic Compounds/toxicity
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Morphogenesis/drug effects
- Naphthalenesulfonates/chemistry
- Naphthalenesulfonates/pharmacology
- Naphthalenesulfonates/therapeutic use
- Naphthalenesulfonates/toxicity
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Zebrafish/embryology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Ma
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Wei Lin
- National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Hua-Chang Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Kang-Ju Chou
- Division of Nephrology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Youn-Shen Bee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Tian-Huei Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Chi Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Tsan Weng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Lung Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hong Tai
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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12
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TNFR1 mediates TNF-α-induced tumour lymphangiogenesis and metastasis by modulating VEGF-C-VEGFR3 signalling. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4944. [PMID: 25229256 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and lymphangiogenesis are two cohesively coupled processes that promote tumour growth and invasion. Here we report that TNF-α markedly promotes tumour lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. The TNF-α-TNFR1 signalling pathway directly stimulates lymphatic endothelial cell activity through a VEGFR3-independent mechanism. However, VEGFR3-induced lymphatic endothelial cell tips are a prerequisite for lymphatic vessel growth in vivo, and a VEGFR3 blockade completely ablates TNF-α-induced lymphangiogenesis. Moreover, TNF-α-TNFR1-activated inflammatory macrophages produce high levels of VEGF-C to coordinately activate VEGFR3. Genetic deletion of TNFR1 (Tnfr1(-/-)) in mice or depletion of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) virtually eliminates TNF-α-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Gain-of-function experiments show that reconstitution of Tnfr1(+/+) macrophages in Tnfr1(-/-) mice largely restores tumour lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. These findings shed mechanistic light on the intimate interplay between inflammation and lymphangiogenesis in cancer metastasis, and propose therapeutic intervention of lymphatic metastasis by targeting the TNF-α-TNFR1 pathway.
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13
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Weng WT, Huang SC, Ma YL, Chan HH, Lin SW, Wu JC, Wu CY, Wen ZH, Wang EM, Wu CL, Tai MH. α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibits angiogenesis through attenuation of VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:1850-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Boecke A, Carstens AC, Neacsu CD, Baschuk N, Haubert D, Kashkar H, Utermöhlen O, Pongratz C, Krönke M. TNF-receptor-1 adaptor protein FAN mediates TNF-induced B16 melanoma motility and invasion. Br J Cancer 2013; 109:422-32. [PMID: 23674089 PMCID: PMC3721409 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locomotion of cancer cells can be induced by TNF and other motogenic factors secreted by cells of the tumour microenvironment such as macrophages. Based on our recent findings that the TNF receptor adaptor protein FAN mediates TNF-induced actin reorganisation and regulates the directed migration of immune cells responding to chemotactic cues, we addressed the role of FAN in cancer cell motility and the formation of invadopodia, a crucial feature in tumour invasion. METHODS In B16 mouse melanoma cells, FAN was downregulated and the impact on FAN on cell motility and invasion was determined using in vitro assays and in vivo animal models. RESULTS Like FAN(-/-) murine embryonic fibroblasts, FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells showed defective motility responses to TNF in vitro. In vivo FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells produced significantly less disseminated tumours after i.v. injection into mice. Danio rerio used as a second in vivo model also revealed impaired spreading of FAN-deficient B16 melanoma cells. Furthermore, FAN mediated TNF-induced paxillin phosphorylation, metalloproteinase activation and increased extracellular matrix degradation, the hallmarks of functionally active invadopodia. CONCLUSION The results of our study suggest that FAN through promoting melanoma cellular motility and tumour invasiveness is critical for the tumour-promoting action of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Boecke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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15
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Albano F, Arcucci A, Granato G, Romano S, Montagnani S, De Vendittis E, Ruocco MR. Markers of mitochondrial dysfunction during the diclofenac-induced apoptosis in melanoma cell lines. Biochimie 2012; 95:934-45. [PMID: 23274131 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is an aggressive cutaneous cancer, whose incidence is growing in recent years, especially in the younger population. The favorable therapy for this neoplasm consists in its early surgical excision; otherwise, in case of late diagnosis, melanoma becomes very refractory to any conventional therapy. Nevertheless, the acute inflammatory response occurring after excision of the primary melanoma can affect the activation and/or regulation of melanoma invasion and metastasis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), widely employed in clinical therapy as cyclooxygenase inhibitors, also display a cytotoxic effect on some cancer cell lines; therefore, their possible usage in combination with conventional chemo- and radio-therapies of tumors is being considered. In particular, diclofenac, one of the most common NSAIDs, displays its anti-proliferative effect in many tumor lines, through an alteration of the cellular redox state. In this study, the possible anti-neoplastic potential of diclofenac on the human melanoma cell lines A2058 and SAN was investigated, and a comparison was made with the results obtained from the nonmalignant fibroblast cell line BJ-5ta. Either in A2058 or SAN, the diclofenac treatment caused typical apoptotic morphological changes, as well as an increase of the number of sub-diploid nuclei; conversely, the same treatment on BJ-5ta had only a marginal effect. The observed decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and a parallel increase of caspase-3 activity confirmed the pro-apoptotic role exerted by diclofenac in melanoma cells; furthermore, the drug provoked an increase of the ROS levels, a decrease of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), the cytosolic translocation of both SOD2 and cytochrome c, and an increase of caspase-9 activity. Finally, the cytotoxic effect of diclofenac was amplified, in melanoma cells, by the silencing of SOD2. These data improve the knowledge on the effects of diclofenac and suggest that new anti-neoplastic treatments should be based on the central role of mitochondrion in cancer development; under this concern, the possible involvement of SOD2 as a novel target could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Albano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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16
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CCR7-expressing B16 melanoma cells downregulate interferon-γ-mediated inflammation and increase lymphangiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Oncogenesis 2012; 1:e9. [PMID: 23552640 PMCID: PMC3412639 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of the CC chemokine receptor-7 (CCR7) by cancers, including melanoma, augments lymph node (LN) metastasis, but little is known about its role in lymphangiogenesis and anti-tumor immunity. We injected control B16 murine melanoma cells (pLNCX2-B16) and CCR7-overexpressing B16 cells (CCR7-B16) in murine footpads and compared resulting tumors at the protein and mRNA level using immunostaining, Affymetrix gene microarray and quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR. Although control and CCR7-B16 primary tumors were of similar size, LN metastasis was dramatically enhanced in CCR7-B16 tumors. Microarray analysis of leukocyte-depleted pLNCX2-B16 and CCR7-B16 tumor cell suspensions showed that three major groups of genes linked to interferon (IFN)-γ signaling pathways (for example, STAT1, CXCR 9-11, CCL5 and CXCL10, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and MHC II) were downregulated in the CCR7-B16 tumor microenvironment, suggesting activation through CCR7 can downregulate pathways critical for host anti-tumor immunity. In addition, mRNA expression of the lymphatic marker podoplanin was upregulated in CCR7-B16 tumors by 3.35-fold versus control tumors. Anti-podoplanin monoclonal antibody staining revealed a three-fold increase in intratumoral CCL21-expressing lymphatic vessels, as well as a two-fold increase in the number of invading tumor cells per lymphatic vessel in CCR7-B16 versus control tumors. Enhanced anti-vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) staining was present in CCR7-B16 versus control tumors, suggesting that VEGF-C may have a role in the CCR7-mediated lymphangiogenesis. In summary, CCR7-B16 tumors show a striking decrease in IFN-γ-mediated inflammatory gene expression in contrast to increased expression of VEGF-C, CCL21 and podoplanin by lymphatic vessels. Enhanced lymphangiogenesis may contribute to the dramatic increase in LN metastasis that is observed in the CCR7-expressing tumors.
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17
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Chung H, Lee JH, Jeong D, Han IO, Oh ES. Melanocortin 1 receptor regulates melanoma cell migration by controlling syndecan-2 expression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19326-35. [PMID: 22493442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.334730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a key regulator of melanogenesis, is known to control inflammation, acting in concert with the MC1R ligand α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Although cell migration is a key event in inflammation, few studies have addressed the function of MC1R in this context. Using highly motile melanoma cells, we found that the expression level of MC1R was associated with the extent of migration of mouse melanoma cells, suggesting that MC1R plays a functional role in controlling this migration. Overexpression of MC1R enhanced melanoma cell migration, whereas the opposite was true when MC1R levels were knocked down using small inhibitory RNAs. Interestingly, MC1R expression enhanced the synthesis of syndecan-2, a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan known to be involved in melanoma cell migration. Knockdown of syndecan-2 expression decreased MC1R-mediated cell migration. Further, MC1R inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK, subsequently enhancing expression of sydnecan-2, in parallel with an increase in the extent of cell migration. Consistently, activation of p38 by H(2)O(2) inhibited syndecan-2 expression and cell migration, whereas inhibition of p38 activation enhanced syndecan-2 expression and cell migration. Finally, we found that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone inhibited MC1R-mediated cell migration via activation of p38 and inhibition of syndecan-2 expression. Together, the data strongly suggest that MC1R regulates melanoma cell migration via inhibition of syndecan-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Chung
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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18
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Lee KY, Jeon SY, Hong JW, Choi KW, Lee CY, Choi SJ, Kim JH, Song KH, Kim KH. Endothelin-1 enhances the proliferation of normal human melanocytes in a paradoxical manner from the TNF-α-inhibited condition, but tacrolimus promotes exclusively the cellular migration without proliferation: a proposed action mechanism for combination therapy of phototherapy and topical tacrolimus in vitiligo treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:609-16. [PMID: 22404745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder caused by the destruction of melanocytes. Two of the major theories regarding the pathogenesis of vitiligo are the autoimmune theory and autocytotoxicity theory, but, the precise pathogenetic mechanism is still not clarified. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of ET-1, tacrolimus and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on proliferation and migration of cultured normal human melanocytes (NHMs). We also sought to clarify the theoretical rationale underlying the topical tacrolimus monotherapy or tacrolimus-UV combination therapy as tools for vitiligo treatment. METHODS The effects of ET-1, tacrolimus and TNF-α on proliferation/migration of cultured NHMs were investigated by MTT assay/Boyden chamber transwell migration assay. We also examined roles of CXC-chemokine receptor II (CXCR II) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in such conditions. RESULTS ET-1 exerted a stimulatory effect on melanocyte proliferation and migration, but, tacrolimus exerted a stimulatory effect only on melanocyte migration higher than ET-1. TNF-α inhibited melanocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Paradoxically, TNF-α-pretreated NHMs exhibited an enhanced proliferative efficiency after being switched to ET-1. We found CXCRII was highly expressed in TNF-α-incubated melanocytes than the agents-free control, and ET-1 treatment after TNF-α preincubation showed the higher levels of CXCRII expression than the condition incubated with TNF-α alone. Moreover, the greater activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by tacrolimus than ET-1, reflected tacrolimus would enhance migration stimulatory effect in cultured NHMs. CONCLUSIONS Topical tacrolimus can be used an effective agent for vitiligo treatment as monotherapy, maybe due to its migration stimulatory action or TNF-α inhibitory property, and also as a component in combination therapy with UV treatment, considering the more upregulated MMPs activities are induced and the more effective migrations are feasible by itself than ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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19
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Ridenour DA, McKinney MC, Bailey CM, Kulesa PM. CycleTrak: a novel system for the semi-automated analysis of cell cycle dynamics. Dev Biol 2012; 365:189-95. [PMID: 22387844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell proliferation is crucial to tissue growth and form during embryogenesis, yet dynamic tracking of cell cycle progression and cell position presents a challenging roadblock. We have developed a fluorescent cell cycle indicator and single cell analysis method, called CycleTrak, which allows for better spatiotemporal resolution and quantification of cell cycle phase and cell position than current methods. Our method was developed on the basis of the existing Fucci method. CycleTrak uses a single lentiviral vector that integrates mKO2-hCdt1 (30/120), and a nuclear-localized eGFP reporter. The single vector and nuclear localized fluorescence signals simplify delivery into cells and allow for rapid, automated cell tracking and cell cycle phase readout in single and subpopulations of cells. We validated CycleTrak performance in metastatic melanoma cells and identified novel cell cycle dynamics in vitro and in vivo after transplantation and 3D confocal time-lapse imaging in a living chick embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis A Ridenour
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E. 50th St., Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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20
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Su K, Tian Y, Wang J, Shi W, Luo D, Liu J, Tong Z, Wu J, Zhang J, Wei L. HIF-1α acts downstream of TNF-α to inhibit vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein expression and modulates the adhesion and proliferation of breast cancer cells. DNA Cell Biol 2012; 31:1078-87. [PMID: 22320863 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation-related cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is implicated in tumor invasion and metastasis, but the mechanism of its involvement remains elusive. In this study, we employed MCF-7 breast cancer cells as an experimental model to demonstrate that TNF-α inhibits breast cancer cell adhesion and cell proliferation through hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) mediated suppression of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). We observed that TNF-α treatment attenuated the adhesion and proliferation of MCF-7 cells it also dramatically increased HIF-1α expression and decreased VASP expression. Through a variety of approaches, including promoter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we identified VASP as a direct target gene of HIF-1α. In addition, we confirmed that HIF-1α mediated the repression of VASP expression by TNF-α in MCF-7 cells. We also demonstrated that exogenous VASP expression or knockdown of HIF-1α relieved TNF-α induced inhibition of cell adhesion and proliferation. We identified a novel TNF-α/HIF-1α/VASP axis in which HIF-1α acts downstream of TNF-α to inhibit VASP expression and modulate the adhesion and proliferation of breast cancer cells. These data provide new insight into the potential anti-tumor effects of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Su
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Centre for Medical Research, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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21
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Nakasone Y, Fujimoto M, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Huu DL, Yanaba M, Sato S, Takehara K, Hasegawa M. Host-derived MCP-1 and MIP-1α regulate protective anti-tumor immunity to localized and metastatic B16 melanoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 180:365-74. [PMID: 22037251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Leukocytic infiltration into malignant melanoma lesions is tightly regulated by chemokines. To assess the role of the CC chemokines monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/chemokine ligand 2) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α/chemokine ligand 3) in this process, s.c. primary and metastatic B16 F10 melanoma tumor growth levels were examined in mice lacking MCP-1 or MIP-1α. Primary s.c. B16 F10 melanoma growth was augmented by loss of MCP-1 or MIP-1α. Similarly, lung metastasis was enhanced by the deficiency of MCP-1 or MIP-1α. Enhanced tumor outgrowth was associated with decreased percentages of infiltrating CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and natural killer cells. In the absence of MCP-1 or MIP-1α, melanoma outgrowth was correlated with reduced local expression of interferon-γ, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and transforming growth factor-β. Among these cytokines, reduced expression levels of interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α on leukocytes from the spleen were associated with the development of lung metastasis in chemokine-deficient mice. The local s.c. administration of these four cytokines significantly augmented another chemokine's expression and suppressed primary melanoma growth in mice deficient for MCP-1 or MIP-1α. The s.c. injection of MCP-1 or MIP-1α significantly inhibited the primary tumor growth in wild-type mice. These results indicate that host-derived MCP-1 and MIP-1α regulate protective anti-tumor immunity to B16 F10 melanoma by promoting lymphocyte infiltration into the tumor and subsequent cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakasone
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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22
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Chung H, Suh EK, Han IO, Oh ES. Keratinocyte-derived laminin-332 promotes adhesion and migration in melanocytes and melanoma. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:13438-47. [PMID: 21349841 PMCID: PMC3075690 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.166751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are highly motile cells that play an integral role in basic skin physiological processes such as wound healing and proper skin pigmentation. It has been postulated that surrounding keratinocytes contribute to melanocyte migration, but underlying mechanisms remain rather vague so far. In this study, we set out to analyze the specific potential contribution of keratinocyte components to melanocytes and melanoma cell migration-related processes. Our studies revealed that A375 human melanoma cell attachment, spreading, and migration are interestingly better supported by HaCaT keratinocyte extracellular matrix (ECM) than by self-derived A375 ECM. Moreover, HaCaT ECM caused increased integrin α6 expression, adhesion-mediated focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation, and focal adhesion formations. Similar effects were confirmed in human melanocytes. Furthermore, we found that keratinocyte-derived soluble factors did not appear to significantly contribute to these processes. Specific extrinsic factors that promoted melanoma migration were attributed to keratinocyte-derived laminin-332, whereas alternative ECM component such as laminin-111 and fibronectin functions appeared to have insignificant contributions. Taken together, these studies implicate extrinsic laminin-332 in promoting the high mobility property and perhaps invasiveness inherently characteristic of, and that are the menace of, melanocytes and melanomas, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesung Chung
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and
| | - Eun-Kyung Suh
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
| | - Eok-Soo Oh
- From the Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, and the Center for Cell Signaling & Drug Discovery Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea and
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23
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Wu X, Takekoshi T, Sullivan A, Hwang ST. Inflammation and tumor microenvironment in lymph node metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:927-44. [PMID: 24212647 PMCID: PMC3756397 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3010927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In nearly all human cancers, the presence of lymph node (LN) metastasis increases clinical staging and portends worse prognosis (compared to patients without LN metastasis). Herein, principally reviewing experimental and clinical data related to malignant melanoma, we discuss diverse factors that are mechanistically involved in LN metastasis. We highlight recent data that link tumor microenvironment, including inflammation (at the cellular and cytokine levels) and tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis, with nodal metastasis. Many of the newly identified genes that appear to influence LN metastasis facilitate general motility, chemotactic, or invasive properties that also increase the ability of cancer cells to disseminate and survive at distant organ sites. These new biomarkers will help predict clinical outcome and point to novel future therapies in metastatic melanoma as well as other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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24
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Rennalls LP, Seidl T, Larkin JMG, Wellbrock C, Gore ME, Eisen T, Bruno L. The melanocortin receptor agonist NDP-MSH impairs the allostimulatory function of dendritic cells. Immunology 2010; 129:610-9. [PMID: 20074207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is released by immunocompetent cells and has potent immunosuppressive properties, it was determined whether human dendritic cells (DCs) express the receptor for this hormone. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected messenger RNA specific for all of the known melanocortin receptors in DCs. Mixed lymphocyte reactions also revealed that treatment with [Nle(4), DPhe(7)]-alpha-MSH (NDP-MSH), a potent alpha-MSH analogue, significantly reduced the ability of DCs to stimulate allogeneic T cells. The expression of various cell surface adhesion, maturation and costimulatory molecules on DCs was also investigated. Although treatment with NDP-MSH did not alter the expression of CD83 and major histocompatibility complex class I and II, the surface expression of CD86 (B7.2), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1/CD54) and CD1a was reduced. In summary, our data indicate that NDP-MSH inhibits the functional activity of DCs, possibly by down-regulating antigen-presenting and adhesion molecules and that these events may be mediated via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- La'Verne P Rennalls
- Section of Structural Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK.
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25
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Valero T, Steele S, Neumüller K, Bracher A, Niederleithner H, Pehamberger H, Petzelbauer P, Loewe R. Combination of dacarbazine and dimethylfumarate efficiently reduces melanoma lymph node metastasis. J Invest Dermatol 2009; 130:1087-94. [PMID: 19940857 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2009.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dimethylfumarate (DMF) has been shown to reduce melanoma growth and metastasis in animal models. We addressed the question of whether DMF is as effective in its antitumor activity as the US Food and Drug Administration-approved alkylating agent dacarbazine (DTIC). We also tested the possibility of an improved antitumoral effect when both therapeutics were used together. Using our severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model, in which xenografted human melanoma cells metastasize from primary skin sites to sentinel nodes, we show that these treatments, alone or in combination, reduce tumor growth at primary sites. Our main finding was that metastasis to sentinel nodes is significantly delayed only in mice treated with a combination of DTIC and DMF. Subsequent experiments were able to show that a combination of DTIC/DMF significantly reduced lymph vessel density in primary tumors as examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In addition, DTIC/DMF treatment significantly impaired melanoma cell migration in vitro. In vivo, DTIC/DMF therapy significantly reduced mRNA expression and protein concentration of the promigratory chemokines CXCL2 and CXCL11. In addition, our data suggest that this xenotransplantation model is suitable for preclinical testing of various combinations of antimelanoma agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Valero
- Skin and Endothelial Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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26
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Harms JH, Lautenschlager S, Minder CE, Minder EI. Mitigating Photosensitivity of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria Patients by an Agonistic Analog of α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone. Photochem Photobiol 2009; 85:1434-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Lee JH, Park H, Chung H, Choi S, Kim Y, Yoo H, Kim TY, Hann HJ, Seong I, Kim J, Kang KG, Han IO, Oh ES. Syndecan-2 regulates the migratory potential of melanoma cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:27167-75. [PMID: 19641225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.034678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndecan-2, a transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is a critical mediator in the tumorigenesis of colon carcinoma cells. We explored the function of syndecan-2 in melanoma, one of the most invasive types of cancers, and found that the expression of this protein was elevated in tissue samples from both nevus and malignant human melanomas but not in melanocytes of the normal human skin tissues. Similarly, elevated syndecan-2 expression was observed in various melanoma cell lines. Overexpression of syndecan-2 enhanced migration and invasion of melanoma cells, whereas the opposite was observed when syndecan-2 levels were knocked down using small inhibitory RNAs. Syndecan-2 expression was enhanced by fibroblast growth factor-2, which is known to stimulate melanoma cell migration; however, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone decreased syndecan-2 expression and melanoma cell migration and invasion in a melanin synthesis-independent manner. Furthermore, syndecan-2 overexpression rescued the migration defects induced by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone treatment. Together, these data strongly suggest that syndecan-2 plays a crucial role in the migratory potential of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-hyun Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
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28
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Massodi I, Bidwell GL, Davis A, Tausend A, Credit K, Flessner M, Raucher D. Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell metastasis by a fusion polypeptide Tat-ELP. Clin Exp Metastasis 2009; 26:251-60. [PMID: 19169893 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-009-9237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cell metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is a major cause of death and morbidity amongst cancer patients. Cell adhesion plays a critical role in the development of metastatic cancer, and it is mediated by interactions between receptors on the cell surface and ligands of the extracellular matrix or other surfaces. Therefore, inhibition of the cell adhesion process appears to be an effective method of preventing metastasis. This work describes a genetically engineered polypeptide with the potential to prevent cell adhesion and inhibit metastasis. We have found that the cell penetrating peptide Tat, fused with elastin-like polypeptide (ELP) inhibited adhesion, spreading, invasion and migration of SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells in cell culture. Furthermore, we have also confirmed that Tat-ELP has anti-metastatic potential in an experimental ovarian cancer metastasis model in vivo, causing approximately 80% reduction in the tumor burden. Since cell attachment is an important step in tumor cell invasion and metastasis, these results suggest a novel role of Tat-ELP as a therapeutic intervention in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Massodi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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29
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Petersen EJ, Miyoshi T, Yuan Z, Hirohata S, Li JZ, Shi W, Angle JF. siRNA silencing reveals role of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Atherosclerosis 2007; 198:301-6. [PMID: 18054358 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is an adhesion molecule expressed by endothelial cells for recruitment of leukocytes during inflammation. It is also abundantly expressed by smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic lesions and in injured arteries. In this study, we examined the role of VCAM-1 in smooth muscle cell migration. Smooth muscle cells were isolated from the aorta of C57BL/6 mice and transfected with short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting VCAM-1. Inhibition on VCAM-1 expression by siRNAs was assessed by Western blot analysis, RT-PCR and by measuring soluble VCAM-1 concentrations in the incubation medium. One siRNA that showed greater suppression on VCAM-1 expression was used for migration assay. A single scratch wound was made on 70% confluent cells and cells migrated from wounded monolayer were counted 24 and 48h after injury. Treatment with VCAM-1 siRNA resulted in a significant reduction in the number of migrated cells. This siRNA also exhibited a minor effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, our findings indicate that VCAM-1 is necessary for the migration of smooth muscle cells and interfering VCAM-1 expression could be an effective approach to prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Petersen
- Department of Radiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Fallani A, Calorini L, Mannini A, Gabellieri S, Mugnai G, Ruggieri S. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is the effector of IFNγ-stimulated invasiveness and motility in a B16 melanoma line. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2006; 81:171-7. [PMID: 17085325 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2006.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated whether PAF synthesized by F10-M3 cells (a clone of B16-F10 melanoma line) mediates the increased capacity of these cells to penetrate into Matrigel upon stimulation with IFN gamma. The determination of PAF synthesized by IFN gamma-stimulated tumor cells revealed that 70% of newly synthesized PAF was released into growth media, while the remaining 30% was associated with the cell bodies. An experimental protocol based on the use of WEB 2086, a PAF receptorial antagonist, was designed to explore which of the two fractions of PAF synthesized by IFN gamma-stimulated F10-M3 cells (released into the growth medium or associated with the cell bodies) is essential to their capacity to migrate through Matrigel. We found that the PAF secreted into growth medium is the fraction responsible for the enhanced invasiveness of melanoma cells stimulated with IFN gamma. We also investigated whether motility of melanoma cells is stimulated by IFN gamma, and, if so, whether PAF is involved in this effect. We found that WEB 2086 prevented the remodeling of stress fibers, examined as an index of cell motility, that we observed in F10-M3 cells stimulated with IFN gamma. Furthermore, the observation that PAF receptor is expressed in IFN gamma-stimulated melanoma cells suggests that the invasive phenotype (e.g. migration through a reconstituted basement membrane and motility) promoted by PAF is based on an autocrine mechanism. On the whole, these results might indicate that PAF contributes to the expression of properties typical of an invasive phenotype in tumor cells stimulated with cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fallani
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale GB Morgagni, 50, 50134 Florence, Italy
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31
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Automated time-lapse microscopy and high-resolution tracking of cell migration. Cytotechnology 2006; 51:7-19. [PMID: 19002890 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-006-9006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel fully automated high-throughput time-lapse microscopy system and evaluate its performance for precisely tracking the motility of several glioma and osteoblastic cell lines. Use of this system revealed cell motility behavior not discernable with conventional techniques by collecting data (1) from closely spaced time points (minutes), (2) over long periods (hours to days), (3) from multiple areas of interest, (4) in parallel under several different experimental conditions. Quantitation of true individual and average cell velocity and path length was obtained with high spatial and temporal resolution in "scratch" or "wound healing" assays. This revealed unique motility dynamics of drug-treated and adhesion molecule-transfected cells and, thus, this is a considerable improvement over current methods of measurement and analysis. Several fluorescent vital labeling methods commonly used for end-point analyses (GFP expression, DiO lipophilic dye, and Qtracker nanocrystals) were found to be useful for time-lapse studies under specific conditions that are described. To illustrate one application, fluorescently labeled tumor cells were seeded onto cell monolayers expressing ectopic adhesion molecules, and this resulted in consistently reduced tumor cell migration velocities. These highly quantitative time-lapse analysis methods will promote the creation of new cell motility assays and increase the resolution and accuracy of existing assays.
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Katerinaki E, Haycock JW, Lalla R, Carlson KE, Yang Y, Hill RP, Lorigan PC, MacNeil S. Sodium salicylate inhibits TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation, cell migration, invasion and ICAM-1 expression in human melanoma cells. Melanoma Res 2006; 16:11-22. [PMID: 16432451 DOI: 10.1097/01.cmr.0000195698.58013.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) upregulates human melanoma cell integrin expression, migration and invasion in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent sodium salicylate on TNF-alpha-induced activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and TNF-alpha-stimulated cell migration and invasion through fibronectin. HBL human melanoma cells were pre-incubated with sodium salicylate prior to stimulation with TNF-alpha for 24 h. NF-kappaB activation was measured using an assay that detects changes in the expression of a luciferase reporter gene under the direct control of NF-kappaB transcriptional activity. The effect of sodium salicylate and TNF-alpha on HBL cell invasion over 20 h and migration over 24 h was studied using fibronectin invasion and 'scratch wound' migration models in vitro, as described previously. Sodium salicylate inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated NF-kappaB activation in melanoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and this was achieved with pre-incubation times as short as 15 min. TNF-alpha-stimulated ICAM-1 expression in HBL cells was also downregulated by sodium salicylate, although in a manner inversely related to the concentration of this agent. In functional assays, TNF-alpha stimulated migration and invasion, and sodium salicylate significantly reduced the extent of melanoma invasion and migration in both the presence and absence of TNF-alpha. In conclusion, sodium salicylate effectively inhibited TNF-alpha-induced upregulation of NF-kappaB, ICAM-1 expression, in-vitro migration and invasion in human melanoma cells, indicating that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be a useful therapeutic approach to oppose inflammation-induced melanoma invasion and metastasis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymia Katerinaki
- University of Sheffield, Section of Human Metabolism, Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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Eves PC, MacNeil S, Haycock JW. alpha-Melanocyte stimulating hormone, inflammation and human melanoma. Peptides 2006; 27:444-52. [PMID: 16274844 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2005.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) arises from the proteolytic cleavage of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and is the most potent naturally occurring melanotropic peptide. The biological effects of alpha-MSH are mediated via melanocortin receptors (MCRs), which are expressed in virtually every cutaneous cell type. alpha-MSH has pleiotrophic functions including the modulation of a wide range of inflammatory stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines, adhesion molecules and inflammatory transcription factors. All of the former would be consistent with a cytoprotective role for this hormone in protecting skin cells from exogenous stress, as would occur following UV exposure or exposure to agents inducing inflammation or oxidative stress. In addition to actions on normal skin cells it also modulates both cutaneous and uveal melanoma cell behavior. With respect to melanoma, alpha-MSH is intriguing as studies have shown that while alpha-MSH has the potential to retard metastatic spread (by reducing cell migration and invasion) it is also capable of reducing the ability of the immune system to detect tumor cells (by down regulating adhesion molecules that would normally assist in immune cell interaction with melanoma cells). This review considers the evolving biology of alpha-MSH and discusses its role in man that extend far beyond pigmentation of skin melanocytes, suggesting that the detoxifying role of alpha-MSH in inducing melanogenesis is only one aspect of the stress-coping role of this hormone. Indeed melanoma cells may owe at least some of their success to the 'protective' role of alpha-MSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C Eves
- Department of Engineering Materials, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
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Yamada M, Yanaba K, Hasegawa M, Matsushita Y, Horikawa M, Komura K, Matsushita T, Kawasuji A, Fujita T, Takehara K, Steeber DA, Tedder TF, Sato S. Regulation of local and metastatic host-mediated anti-tumour mechanisms by L-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 143:216-27. [PMID: 16412045 PMCID: PMC1809598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02989.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is often accompanied by a host response of inflammatory cell infiltration that is highly regulated by multiple adhesion molecules. To assess the role of adhesion molecules, including L-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), in this process, subcutaneous primary growth and metastasis to the lung of B16 melanoma cells not expressing L-selectin, ICAM-1 or their ligands were examined in mice lacking L-selectin, ICAM-1 or both. Primary subcutaneous growth of B16 melanoma was augmented by loss of L-selectin, ICAM-1 or both, while pulmonary metastasis was enhanced by the loss of L-selectin or combined loss of L-selectin and ICAM-1. In both situations, the combined loss of L-selectin and ICAM-1 exhibited the greatest effect. This enhancement was associated generally with a reduced accumulation of natural killer (NK) cells, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells and also with a diminished release of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha but not interleukin (IL)-6. Cytotoxicity against melanoma was not defective by the absence of ICAM-1, L-selectin or both, suggesting that the enhancement of tumour growth and metastasis caused by the loss of adhesion molecules results from an impaired migration of effector cells into the tissue rather than from a suppression of the cytotoxic response. The results indicate that L-selectin and ICAM-1 contribute co-operatively to the anti-tumour reaction by regulating lymphocyte infiltration to the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamada
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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Liu GS, Liu LF, Lin CJ, Tseng JC, Chuang MJ, Lam HC, Lee JK, Yang LC, Chan JHY, Howng SL, Tai MH. Gene transfer of pro-opiomelanocortin prohormone suppressed the growth and metastasis of melanoma: involvement of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-mediated inhibition of the nuclear factor kappaB/cyclooxygenase-2 pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2005; 69:440-51. [PMID: 16269535 DOI: 10.1124/mol.105.015404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a prohormone of various neuropeptides, including corticotropin, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and beta-endorphin (beta-EP). POMC neuropeptides are potent inflammation inhibitors and immunosuppressants and may exert opposite influences during tumorigenesis. However, the role of POMC expression in carcinogenesis remains elusive. We evaluated the antineoplastic potential of POMC gene delivery in a syngenic B16-F10 melanoma model. Adenovirus-mediated POMC gene delivery in B16-F10 cells increased the release of POMC neuropeptides in cultured media, which differentially regulated the secretion of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in lymphocytes. POMC gene transfer significantly reduced the anchorage-independent growth of melanoma cells. Moreover, pre- or post-treatment with POMC gene delivery effectively retarded the melanoma growth in mice. Intravenous injection of POMC-transduced B16-F10 cells resulted in reduced foci formation in lung by 60 to 70% of control. The reduced metastasis of POMC-transduced B16-F10 cells could be attributed to their attenuated migratory and adhesive capabilities. POMC gene delivery reduced the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) synthesis in melanoma cells and tumor tissues. In addition, application of NS-398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, mimicked the antineoplastic functions of POMC gene transfer in melanoma. The POMC-mediated COX-2 down-regulation was correlated with its inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) activities. Exogenous supply of alpha-MSH inhibited NFkappaB activities, whereas application of the alpha-MSH antagonist growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) abolished the POMC-induced inhibition of NFkappaB activities and melanoma growth in mice. In summary, POMC gene delivery suppresses melanoma via alpha-MSH-induced inhibition of NFkappaB/COX-2 pathway, thereby constituting a novel therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guei-Sheung Liu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
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