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Jongen HJ, Steeneveld GJ, Beringer J, Christen A, Chrysoulakis N, Fortuniak K, Hong J, Hong JW, Jacobs CMJ, Järvi L, Meier F, Pawlak W, Roth M, Theeuwes NE, Velasco E, Vogt R, Teuling AJ. Urban Water Storage Capacity Inferred From Observed Evapotranspiration Recession. Geophys Res Lett 2022; 49:e2021GL096069. [PMID: 35859568 PMCID: PMC9285425 DOI: 10.1029/2021gl096069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water storage plays an important role in mitigating heat and flooding in urban areas. Assessment of the water storage capacity of cities remains challenging due to the inherent heterogeneity of the urban surface. Traditionally, effective storage has been estimated from runoff. Here, we present a novel approach to estimate effective water storage capacity from recession rates of observed evaporation during precipitation-free periods. We test this approach for cities at neighborhood scale with eddy-covariance based latent heat flux observations from 14 contrasting sites with different local climate zones, vegetation cover and characteristics, and climates. Based on analysis of 583 drydowns, we find storage capacities to vary between 1.3 and 28.4 mm, corresponding to e-folding timescales of 1.8-20.1 days. This makes the urban storage capacity at least five times smaller than all the observed values for natural ecosystems, reflecting an evaporation regime characterized by extreme water limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Jongen
- Hydrology and Quantitative Water ManagementWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
- Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - G. J. Steeneveld
- Meteorology and Air QualityWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - J. Beringer
- School of Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - A. Christen
- Chair of Environmental MeteorologyFaculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - N. Chrysoulakis
- Foundation for Research and Technology HellasInstitute of Applied and Computational MathematicsThe Remote Sensing LabHeraklionGreece
| | - K. Fortuniak
- Department of Meteorology and ClimatologyFaculty of Geographical SciencesUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - J. Hong
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesYonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - J. W. Hong
- Korea Environment InstituteSejongSouth Korea
| | - C. M. J. Jacobs
- Wageningen Environmental ResearchWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM)BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - L. Järvi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Helsinki Institute of Sustainability ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHesinkiFinland
| | - F. Meier
- Chair of ClimatologyTechnische Universität BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - W. Pawlak
- Department of Meteorology and ClimatologyFaculty of Geographical SciencesUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - M. Roth
- Department of GeographyNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - N. E. Theeuwes
- Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingUK
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI)De BiltThe Netherlands
| | - E. Velasco
- Independent Research ScientistSingaporeSingapore
| | - R. Vogt
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselAtmospheric SciencesBaselSwitzerland
| | - A. J. Teuling
- Hydrology and Quantitative Water ManagementWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
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Zhu TR, Cao J, Hong JW, Li J. [Effects of PFOS on inflammatory factors in human placental trophoblast cells]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:481-484. [PMID: 32746565 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121094-20190917-00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on inflammatory factors in human placental trophoblast (HTR-8/Svneo) cells. Methods: HTR-8/Svneo cells were exposed to different concentrations of PFOS (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mg/L) for 24 h, and the cell survival rates were measured by CCK8. Secretion levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. One-way ANOVA was used to analyse the expressions of inflammatory factors. Results: Compared with the control group, the survival rates of 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the secretion levels of IL-6 were decreased in the 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P<0.05) , the concentrations of TNF-α were increased in the 0.01 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P<0.05) , and the concentrations of IL-10 were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P<0.05) . Compared with the control group, the expressions of IL-6 mRNA were increased in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P<0.05) , and the expressions of IL-10 mRNA were decreased in the 0.01 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L PFOS groups (P<0.05) . Conclusion: PFOS can induce changes in the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines in HTR-8/Svneo cells, resulting in decreased activity of placental trophoblast cells and abnomal placental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Zhu
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - J Cao
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - J W Hong
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - J Li
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Fomina MA, Polishchuk LV, Tkachenko KS, Hong JW, Zelena LB, Ianieva OD, Pidgorskyi VS. Complex Identifcation of Red Yeast Isolate from Gastrointestinal Tract of Hucul Long-Liver (Carpathians, Ukraine). Mikrobiol Z 2016; 78:2-11. [PMID: 30141858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The red yeasts are currently widely discussed and controversial group of yeasts because of the growing number of reports of their ability to become opportunistic pathogens of plants, animals and humans. The aim of this work was complex identifcation of the red yeast culture isolated from gastrointestinal tract of healthy Hucul long-liver from the Carpathians highland region of Ukraine. Torularhodin was found to be a major component within yeast culture carotenoids complex. According to conventional biochemical and morphological approaches as well as to molecular biological investigation of internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of ribosomal operon it was concluded that isolate belonged to species Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.
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Choi HS, Hong JW, Lee JH, Noh JH, Kim DJ. Association of heart rate with albuminuria in a general adult population: the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Intern Med J 2016; 45:428-35. [PMID: 25533739 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Albuminuria is associated with increased risk of multiple adverse health outcomes, such as progressive renal failure, cardiovascular disease and death. However, in the general population, it is uncertain whether albuminuria is associated with elevated heart rate, which is an independent and powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease. AIM To investigate whether an elevated heart rate is an independent factor associated with albuminuria in the general adult population of Korea. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis was carried out on 5198 Korean adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the fifth (2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-2). RESULTS The prevalence of albuminuria showed an increasing trend throughout the whole range of heart rate, even after adjusting for confounders (P = 0.002). The increment was most profound at the heart rate of 70-75 and >76 beats per minute (b.p.m.; P = 0.011). In multiple logistic regression analysis, age (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), hypertriglyceridaemia (P = 0.025), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.028) and heart rate (P = 0.023) were independently associated with the presence of albuminuria in Korean adults. Compared with participants with heart rate ≤ 64 b.p.m., the odds ratio (95% CI) for albuminuria was 1.50 (1.15-1.96) for those with heart rate ≥ 76 b.p.m. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of albuminuria is independently associated with heart rate in the general adult population of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Koyang, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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Han S, Sung KR, Lee KS, Hong JW. Outcomes of Laser Peripheral Iridotomy in Angle Closure Subgroups According to Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:6795-801. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lee KY, Jeon SY, Hong JW, Choi KW, Lee CY, Choi SJ, Kim JH, Song KH, Kim KH. Endothelin-1 enhances the proliferation of normal human melanocytes in a paradoxical manner from the TNF-α-inhibited condition, but tacrolimus promotes exclusively the cellular migration without proliferation: a proposed action mechanism for combination therapy of phototherapy and topical tacrolimus in vitiligo treatment. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2012; 27:609-16. [PMID: 22404745 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder caused by the destruction of melanocytes. Two of the major theories regarding the pathogenesis of vitiligo are the autoimmune theory and autocytotoxicity theory, but, the precise pathogenetic mechanism is still not clarified. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of ET-1, tacrolimus and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on proliferation and migration of cultured normal human melanocytes (NHMs). We also sought to clarify the theoretical rationale underlying the topical tacrolimus monotherapy or tacrolimus-UV combination therapy as tools for vitiligo treatment. METHODS The effects of ET-1, tacrolimus and TNF-α on proliferation/migration of cultured NHMs were investigated by MTT assay/Boyden chamber transwell migration assay. We also examined roles of CXC-chemokine receptor II (CXCR II) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in such conditions. RESULTS ET-1 exerted a stimulatory effect on melanocyte proliferation and migration, but, tacrolimus exerted a stimulatory effect only on melanocyte migration higher than ET-1. TNF-α inhibited melanocyte proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Paradoxically, TNF-α-pretreated NHMs exhibited an enhanced proliferative efficiency after being switched to ET-1. We found CXCRII was highly expressed in TNF-α-incubated melanocytes than the agents-free control, and ET-1 treatment after TNF-α preincubation showed the higher levels of CXCRII expression than the condition incubated with TNF-α alone. Moreover, the greater activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 induced by tacrolimus than ET-1, reflected tacrolimus would enhance migration stimulatory effect in cultured NHMs. CONCLUSIONS Topical tacrolimus can be used an effective agent for vitiligo treatment as monotherapy, maybe due to its migration stimulatory action or TNF-α inhibitory property, and also as a component in combination therapy with UV treatment, considering the more upregulated MMPs activities are induced and the more effective migrations are feasible by itself than ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Hong JW, Park JK, Lim CY, Kim SW, Chung YS, Kim SW, Lee EJ. A weekly administered sustained-release growth hormone reduces visceral fat and waist circumference in abdominal obesity. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:956-61. [PMID: 22072433 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in obesity has been known to lead to a decrease in visceral adiposity and an increase in lean body mass. Most studies have used supraphysiological doses of rhGH, which were administered daily or every other day. We aimed to evaluate whether weekly administered low dose of sustained-release rhGH (SR-rhGH) could play a therapeutic role in the treatment of abdominal obesity. Prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter pilot study was carried out. Participants were 26 adults aged 40-65 years old with abdominal obesity (male: waist circumference >90 cm, female: waist circumference >85 cm). The subjects were given 3 mg of SR-rhGH, administered subcutaneously, weekly for 26 weeks. SR-rhGH treatment for 26 weeks increased the IGF-1 level by 56.53±76.09 μg/l (SDS 0.77±1.12) compared to the baseline (p=0.0022). After 26 weeks, SR-rhGH treatment reduced abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (140.35±75.97 to 128.43±73.85 cm2, p=0.0038). Average waist circumference decreased from 96.25±6.41 to 91.93±6.13 cm (p<0.0001) after treatment. However, body weight or lean body mass did not show any significant change. In conclusion, SR-rhGH treatment for 26 weeks reduced abdominal visceral fat and waist circumference without severe adverse events. Further studies may be considered on the role of weekly administered SR-rhGH as a treatment for abdominal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Patients with hypopituitarism have the feature of metabolic syndrome, including central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Because metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance, is the main pathogenesis of the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we considered that patients diagnosed with hypopituitarism have an increased risk of developing NAFLD. We compared control subjects and hypopituitary men in metabolic parameters and the frequency of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography, and analyzed associating factors with the severity of the fatty liver in patients with hypopituitarism. 34 male patients with hypopituitarism and 40 age and sex-matched control subjects were included. The frequency of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography was significantly higher in hypopituitary men compared to control subjects (32.5% vs. 70.6%, p=0.001). Ln CRP and free fatty acids were significantly elevated in hypopituitary patients with fatty liver compared to patients without fatty liver. Ln GH was significantly lower in hypopituitary patients with fatty liver. The severity of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography correlated with negatively Ln GH, after adjusting for the BMI effect (p=0.020). There is a difference only between the severe fatty liver group and normal liver group in the analysis of the mean Ln GH level between 4 groups according to the severity of fatty liver (p=0.036). In conclusion, NAFLD is more common in hypopituitary patients than control subject. Severe growth hormone deficiency in hypopituitarism was associated with the severe degree of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hong JW, Nam W, Cha IH, Chung SW, Choi HS, Kim KM, Kim KJ, Rhee Y, Lim SK. Oral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: the first report in Asia. Osteoporos Int 2010; 21:847-53. [PMID: 19633881 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-009-1024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is a serious side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. The incidence of BRONJ is known to be low among patients treated with oral bisphosphonates. We investigated the prevalence, demographics, clinical manifestations, and treatment outcome of 24 patients with oral BRONJ in Asian populations. INTRODUCTION The long-term safety of oral bisphosphonates is clinically important considering the rare but potentially serious complications such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) versus the effect of reducing and preventing osteoporotic fracture. The incidence of BRONJ is known to be low among patients treated with oral bisphosphonates around the world. However, the prevalence in those taking oral bisphosphonates for osteoporosis in Asian populations is unknown. Moreover, a recent article, showing that the majority of reported patients who received alendronate were Asian American, raised concern about the prevalence of oral BRONJ in Asian populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the estimated prevalence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcome of oral BRONJ in Asian populations. METHODS From October 2005 to December 2008, a retrospective review of medical charts identified 24 patients receiving oral bisphosphonates diagnosed as BRONJ at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. RESULTS The estimated prevalence of oral BRONJ was 0.05-0.07%. The average oral bisphosphonate treatment duration was 43.1 months (range, 5-120 months). Treatment with oral antibiotics and/or surgery including sequestrectomy or alveolectomy showed relatively favorable results. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of oral BRONJ in Korea is similar to that reported previously in Western populations. We suggest that recognition of BRONJ and appropriate management pre- and post-dental surgery might reduce the frequency of BRONJ among patients receiving oral bisphosphonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
Strontium stannate is under study as an ultra-stable dielectric material for microelectronic applications at low temperatures. It is known to have a remarkably temperature-independent dielectric constant from 27 K to room temperature. However, we report anomalies in the Raman spectra, dielectric response, and differential thermal analysis of strontium stannate compatible with a structural phase transition at 160 K. Further anomalies are seen in calorimetric and Raman data (but not dielectric data) that suggest another phase transition at 270 K. A preliminary x-ray powder diffraction study confirms a small change in the pseudo-cubic lattice constant a(T) at the lower transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Singh
- Center of Material Science, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India
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Shin C, Jeon I, Khim ZG, Hong JW, Nam H. Study of sensitivity and noise in the piezoelectric self-sensing and self-actuating cantilever with an integrated Wheatstone bridge circuit. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:035109. [PMID: 20370215 DOI: 10.1063/1.3327822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A detection method using a self-sensing cantilever is more desirable than other detection methods (optical fiber and laser beam bounce detection) that are bulky and require alignment. The advantage of the self-sensing cantilever is its simplicity, particularly its simple structure. It can be used for the construction of an atomic force microscopy system with a vacuum, fluids, and a low temperature chamber. Additionally, the self-actuating cantilever can be used for a high speed scanning system because the bandwidth is larger than the bulk scanner. Frequently, ZnO film has been used as an actuator in a self-actuating cantilever. In this paper, we studied the characteristics of the self-sensing and self-actuating cantilever with an integrated Wheatstone bridge circuit substituting the ZnO film with a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) film as the actuator. We can reduce the leakage current (to less than 10(-4) A/cm(2)) in the PZT cantilever and improve sensor sensitivity through a reduction of noise level from the external sensor circuit using the Wheatstone bridge circuit embedded into the cantilever. The self-sensing and actuating cantilever with an integrated Wheatstone bridge circuit was compared with a commercial self-sensing cantilever or self-sensing and actuating cantilever without an integrated Wheatstone bridge circuit. The measurement results have shown that sensing the signal to noise level and the minimum detectable deflection improved to 4.78 mV and 1.18 nm, respectively. We believe that this cantilever allows for easier system integration and miniaturization, provides better controllability and higher scan speeds, and offers the potential for full automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChaeHo Shin
- Interdisciplinary Program of Nano-Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Hong JW, Lee IH, Kwak YH, Park YT, Sung HC, Kwon IC, Chung H. Efficacy and tissue distribution of DHP107, an oral paclitaxel formulation. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:3239-47. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chen YJ, Kwon OS, Min BJ, Son KS, Cho JH, Hong JW, Kim IH. The Effects of Dietary Biotite V Supplementation as an Alternative Substance to Antibiotics in Growing Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2005.1642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shon KS, Hong JW, Kwon OS, Min BJ, Lee WB, Kim IH, Park YH, Lee IS. Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri-based Direct-fed Microbial Supplementation for Growing-Finishing Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2005.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jhee OH, Hong JW, Om AS, Lee MH, Lee WS, Shaw LM, Lee JW, Kang JS. Direct determination of verapamil in rat plasma by coupled column microbore-HPLC method. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 37:405-10. [PMID: 15708686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2004] [Revised: 10/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This report describes an automated coupled column microbore-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection for direct determination of verapamil in small volume of rat plasma. We used HPLC system consisting of three columns such as precolumn, intermediate and analytical column and six-port switching valve and injected small volume of rat plasma to the system without sample preparation. An aliquot of sample was directly injected into Capcell Pak MF Ph precolumn for clean-up and enrichment, 35 mm Capcell Pak C18, intermediate column for concentration of compounds and 250 mm Capcell Pak C18 analytical column for separation of compounds and two mobile phases are used as mobile phase A (50mM ammonium phosphate, pH 4.5) and B (50mM ammonium phosphate:acetonitrile=70:30 v/v). Analysis of verapamil and internal standard, propranolol was performed with direct injection of 10 microl of rat plasma to the system and were eluted at 22 and 12 min, respectively, at a mobile phase flow rate of 0.5 (mobile phase A) and 0.15 ml/min (mobile phase B). The peaks of verapamil and internal standard were good shapes and well separated from any interfering endogenous peaks during a total run time of 25 min. The calibration curve for verapamil showed good linearity (r(2)=0.9997) over the concentration range of 0.01-2.50 microg/ml. The mean RSD (%) values of intra-day (n=5) and inter-day (n=5) variability of verapamil ranged from 1.96 to 9.06 and 0.62 to 3.08%, respectively. The LOD and LOQ were 0.01 and 0.025 microg/ml, respectively, for verapamil using 10 microl of rat plasma. An automated coupled column microbore-HPLC method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study after intravenous injection of 3mg/kg of verapamil to the normal and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced hepatofibrotic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Jhee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology and Institute of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea
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Hong JW, Kwon OS, Min BJ, Lee WB, Shon KS, Kim IH, Kim JW. Evaluation Effects of Spray-dried Egg Protein Containing Specific Egg Yolk Antibodies as a Substitute for Spray-dried Plasma Protein or Antibiotics in Weaned Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hong JW, Kim IH, Kwon OS, Min BJ, Lee WB, Shon KS. Influences of Plant Extract Supplementation on Performance and Blood Characteristics in Weaned Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Min BJ, Hong JW, Kwon OS, Lee WB, Kim YC, Kim IH, Cho WT, Kim JH. The Effect of Feeding Processed Soy Protein on the Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Digestibility in Weanling Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2004.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Han YK, Kim IH, Hong JW, Kwon OS, Lee SH, Kim JH, Min BJ, Lee WB. Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Nutrient in Plant Protein Feedstuffs for Finishing Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Park JS, Kim IH, Hancock JD, Hines RH, Cobb C, Cao H, Hong JW, Kwon OS. Effects of Amylase and Cellulase Supplementation in Sorghum-based Diets for Finishing Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kwon EH, Park CM, Kang KW, Hong JW, Yun BJ, Park SY. Some fact findings on pregnancy and birth interval: based on pregnancy history data on currently pregnant women residing in Sungdong Gu, Seoul. Ren Kou Xue Kan (Taipei) 2002; 13:152-4. [PMID: 12159727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Hong JW, Kim HK, Yu JA, Kim YB. Characterization of UV-curable reactive diluent containing quaternary ammonium salts for antistatic coating. J Appl Polym Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/app.10273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim IH, Hancock JD, Hong JW, Cabrera MR, Hines RH, Behnke KC. Corn Particle Size Affects Nutritional Value of Simple and Complex Diets for Nursery Pigs and Broiler Chicks. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2002.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chang SW, Hong JM, Hong JW, Cho HN. Synthesis and characterization of fluorene-based electroluminescent polymers containing silyl groups. Polym Bull (Berl) 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s289-001-8176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hong JW, Liu JJ, Lee JS, Mohan RR, Mohan RR, Woods DJ, He YG, Wilson SE. Proinflammatory chemokine induction in keratocytes and inflammatory cell infiltration into the cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:2795-803. [PMID: 11687520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of interleukin (IL)-1alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on cytokine, chemokine, and receptor expression in corneal stromal cells; the effect of corneal scrape injury on monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) expression and monocyte-macrophage influx into the stroma; and the effect of MCAF and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) microinjection on inflammatory cell infiltration into the stroma. METHODS Gene array technology was used to evaluate changes in cytokine, chemokine, and receptor gene expression in stromal fibroblasts in response to IL-1alpha and TNFalpha. Expression of MCAF mRNA and protein was monitored with an RNase protection assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. Keratocyte MCAF protein expression in the rabbit cornea was detected with immunocytochemistry. After epithelial scrape injury, monocytes-macrophages were detected in rabbit corneas, by immunocytochemistry for monocyte-macrophage antigen. Inflammatory cell infiltration after MCAF and G-CSF microinjection into the stroma of mouse corneas was monitored with hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS IL-1alpha or TNFalpha upregulated the expression of several proinflammatory chemokines in stromal fibroblasts in culture. These included G-CSF, MCAF, neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78), and monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor (MDNCF). MCAF mRNA upregulation was confirmed by RNase protection assay, and MCAF protein was detected by Western blot analysis. MCAF protein was detected in keratocytes at 4 hours and 24 hours after epithelial injury, but not in keratocytes in the unwounded cornea. Corneal epithelial injury triggered the influx of monocytes-macrophages into the corneal stroma in the rabbit. Microinjection of MCAF and G-CSF into mouse cornea resulted in the influx of monocytes-macrophages and granulocytes, respectively, into the stroma. CONCLUSIONS Proinflammatory chemokine induction in keratocytes is mediated by IL-1alpha and TNFalpha. The proinflammatory chemokines produced by the keratocytes probably trigger the influx of inflammatory cells into the stroma after epithelial injury associated with corneal surgery, contact lenses, or trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6485, USA
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Hong JW, Kim IH, Kwon OS, Lee SH, Bae HD, Kang SJ, Yang UM. Effects of Phytezyme Supplementation on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility in Growing Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2001.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
A polymer (PDMS: poly(dimethylsiloxane)) microchip for capillary gel electrophoresis that can separate different sizes of DNA molecules in a small experimental scale is presented. This microchip can be easily produced by a simple PDMS molding method against a microfabricated master without the use of elaborate bonding processes. This PDMS microchip could be used as a single use device unlike conventional microchips made of glass, quartz or silicon. The capillary channel on the chip was partially filled with agarose gel that can enhance separation resolution of different sizes of DNA molecules and can shorten the channel length required for the separation of the sample compared to capillary electrophoresis in free-flow or polymer solution format. We discuss the optimal conditions for the gel preparation that could be used in the microchannel. DNA molecules were successfully driven by an electric field and separated to form bands in the range of 100 bp to 1 kbp in a 2.0% agarose-filled microchannel with 8 mm of effective separation length.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Hong JW, Kim IH, Moon TH, Kwon OS, Lee SH, Kim YG. Effects of Yucca Extract and (or) Far Infrared Emitted Materials Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Serum Characteristics and Ammonia Production of Growing and Finishing Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2001.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee JS, Liu JJ, Hong JW, Wilson SE. Differential expression analysis by gene array of cell cycle modulators in human corneal epithelial cells stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), or keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). Curr Eye Res 2001; 23:69-76. [PMID: 11821989 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.23.1.69.5421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and differentiate cell cycle and differentiation genes that are up-regulated or down-regulated in human corneal epithelial cells in response to alternative epithelium-modulating cytokines epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). METHODS Primary cultures human corneal epithelial cell (HCE) were treated with 25 ng/ml of EGF, 25 ng/ml HGF, 25 ng/ml KGF, or vehicle for 8 hours. Complementary DNA (cDNA) probes were synthesized from total cellular RNA isolated from the HCE cells. The cDNA probes were hybridized to the Atlas human cell cycle/differentiation array membrane. RNAse protection assay was used to confirm up-regulation of the serine/threonine-protein kinase PITALRE gene by EGF, KGF, and HGF. RESULTS The expression of one hundred and eleven cell cycle and differentiation genes was monitored with the gene array system. It was found that these epithelial cell-modulating cytokines shared similar effects on some of the cell cycle and differentiation genes that were monitored, but had specific effects on some cytokines. Up-regulation of PITALRE gene expression was confirmed using RNAse protection assay. CONCLUSION EGF, HGF and KGF had differential effects on cell cycle- and differentiation-related gene expression in corneal epithelial cells. For example, all three mitogenic growth factors up-regulated the expression of cyclin D1 (BCL-1 oncogene) and serine/threonine-protein kinase PITALRE in the primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells. However, EGF and KGF, but not HGF, up-regulated expression of the E2F-1 pRB-binding protein gene. Thus, while these three epithelial mitogens have similar effects on many genes that were analyzed, important differences were noted that may relate to differing effects of these growth factors on corneal epithelial cells. Studies to analyze the significance of the identified differences among these growth factors are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6485, USA
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Wilson SE, Mohan RR, Hong JW, Lee JS, Choi R, Mohan RR. The wound healing response after laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy: elusive control of biological variability and effect on custom laser vision correction. Arch Ophthalmol 2001; 119:889-96. [PMID: 11405841 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.119.6.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological diversity in the wound healing response is thought to be a major factor limiting the predictability of the outcome of refractive surgical procedures such as laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy. Corneal wound healing is critical to the success of topography-linked or wave front-linked excimer laser ablation to optimize visual performance. This is because of the importance of retaining subtle features of custom ablation and the tendency of epithelial hyperplasia and stromal remodeling to obscure these features following either procedure. The corneal wound healing response is exceedingly complex. Keratocyte apoptosis, which occurs in response to epithelial injury, is the earliest observable event in the wound healing cascades and is therefore an excellent target for pharmacological intervention. Alterations of surgical technique can be designed to limit keratocyte apoptosis and the subsequent events in corneal wound healing. Abnormalities of the cascades could contribute to the pathogenesis of corneal diseases. For example, recent data have suggested that perturbation of the keratocyte apoptosis/mitosis balance could underlie the development of keratoconus in a proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Box 356485, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
We report on the development of a hybrid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-glass microchip for genetic analysis by functional integration of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE), and on related temperature control systems for PCR on a PDMS-glass hybrid microchip. The microchip was produced by molding PDMS against a microfabricated master with comparatively simple and inexpensive methods. PCR was successfully carried out on the PDMS-glass hybrid microchip with 500 bp target of lambdaDNA and the amplified gene was subsequently analyzed by CGE on the same PDMS-glass microchip. The chip could be considered as an inexpensive single-use apparatus compared to glass or silicon-made microchips for the same purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Hong JW, Lee TS. The relationship between rabbit corneal opacity and immunohistochemical expression of heat shock protein 72/73 and c-fos after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. Ophthalmic Res 2000; 31:203-9. [PMID: 10224503 DOI: 10.1159/000055533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the etiology of corneal opacities, a study was done on the immunohistochemical staining for heat shock protein (HSP) 72/73 and c-fos after myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). New Zealand white rabbits (60 eyes) were divided into four groups: -6-, -9- and -15-dpt operation groups and a control group (only corneal epithelium removed). Using an excimer laser (VisX 20/20, Sunnyvale, Calif., USA), myopic PRK was performed on the rabbit's cornea by a single or multizone technique followed by an immunohistochemical stain to detect the expression of HSP 72/73 and c-fos at 6, 24, 48 h, 1 week and 8 weeks. Corneal epithelia were healed within 3 days in all groups, and 8 weeks after the operation, the mean density of corneal opacity was 0.83 (-6-dpt operation group), 1 (-9-dpt operation group) and 1.67 (-15-dpt operation group). All groups exhibited HSP 73 in corneal epithelium and stroma. However, the maximal expression of c-fos and HSP 72 appeared in corneal epithelium at 24 and 48 h, respectively, after the operation in the -15-dpt group. These results suggest that the expressions of HSP 72 and c-fos in rabbit corneal epithelium are significant factors in relation to corneal opacity after excimer laser PRK.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to review available information regarding development, structure, and function of Bowman's layer in the cornea. Disease-related abnormalities of Bowman's layer are described. A hypothesis is advanced to explain the development and maintenance of Bowman's layer. METHODS Literature review and hypothesis formulation based on previous studies. RESULTS Information is presented that supports the hypothesis that Bowman's layer forms as a result of cytokine-mediated interactions occurring between corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes that include chemotactic and apoptotic effects on the keratocytes. This hypothesis suggests that Bowman's layer results from such interactions beginning in early development and continuing into adulthood in humans and other animals, such as chickens. CONCLUSIONS Bowman's layer may be a visible indicator of ongoing stromal-epithelial interactions in the human and have no critical function in corneal physiology. Bowman's layer is commonly destroyed in diseases such as advanced bullous keratopathy where stromal-epithelial interactions may be interrupted. Bowman's-like layers often form in response to epithelium, for example when epithelial plugs extend into the stroma in corneas with radial keratotomy incisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Wilson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle 98195-6485, USA
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Hong JW, Baik SK, Shin MJ, Choi HY, Kim BG. Successful management with glue injection of arterial rupture seen during embolization of an arteriovenous malformation using a flow-directed catheter: a case report. Korean J Radiol 2000; 1:208-11. [PMID: 11752956 PMCID: PMC2718202 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2000.1.4.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case in which an arterial rupture occurring during embolization of an arteriovenous malformation of the left occipital lobe with a flow-directed microcatheter, was successfully sealed with a small amount of glue. We navigated a 1.8-Fr Magic catheter through the posterior cerebral artery, and during superselective test injection, extravasation was observed at the parieto-occipital branch. The catheter was not removed and the perforation site was successfully sealed with a small amount of glue injected through the same catheter. Prompt recognition and closure of the perforation site is essential for good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Wallace Memorial Baptist Hospital, Pusan, Korea.
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Abstract
The structural differences between two types of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) isoproteins (GDH I and GDH II), homogeneously isolated from bovine brain, were investigated using a biosensor technology and monoclonal antibodies. A total of seven monoclonal antibodies raised against GDH II were produced, and the antibodies recognized a single protein band that comigrates with purified GDH II on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblot. Of seven anti-GDH II monoclonal antibodies tested in the immunoblot analysis, all seven antibodies interacted with GDH II, whereas only four antibodies recognized the protein band of the other GDH isoprotein, GDH I. When inhibition tests of the GDH isoproteins were performed with the seven anti-GDH II monoclonal antibodies, three antibodies inhibited GDH II activity, whereas only one antibody inhibited GDH I activity. The binding affinity of anti-GDH II monoclonal antibodies for GDH II (K(D) = 1.0 nM) determined using a biosensor technology (Pharmacia BIAcore) was fivefold higher than for GDH I (K(D) = 5.3 nM). These results, together with epitope mapping analysis, suggest that there may be structural differences between the two GDH isoproteins, in addition to their different biochemical properties. Using the anti-GDH II antibodies as probes, we also investigated the cross-reactivities of brain GDHs from some mammalian and an avian species, showing that the mammalian brain GDH enzymes are related immunologically to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Choi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea
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Abstract
We compared the tear break-up time (BUT) and Schirmer test value after myopic excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Patients with normal preoperative Schirmer test value and BUT were included. Pre- and post-operative tear break-up time and Schirmer test values were measured in 220 eyes who underwent PRK. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. Visx 20/20 B excimer laser was used for myopic PRK. Six months after surgery, no significant changes in Schirmer test value between pre- and post-operation were observed. However, 47.8% of eyes showed a decrease in BUT after surgery, and 72.7% of patients with decreased BUT complained of dry eye symptom. There was no significant relationship between BUT changes and uncorrected visual acuity after PRK. BUT changes did not influence the PRK visual outcome, but excimer laser PRK may change the tear break-up time and cause a dry eye symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Hong JW, Cho SW, Yoo JS, Yoo BK, Lee KS, Choi SY. Modulation of the catalytic activity of brain succinic semialdehyde reductase by reaction with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Eur J Biochem 1997; 247:274-9. [PMID: 9249037 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An NADPH-dependent succinic semialdehyde reductase from bovine brain was inactivated by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Spectral evidence is presented to indicate that the inactivation proceeds through formation of a Schiff's base with amino groups of the enzyme. After sodium borohydride reduction of the inactivated enzyme, it was observed that 1 mol phosphopyridoxyl residue was incorporated/mol enzyme monomer. The coenzyme, NADPH, protected the enzyme against inactivation by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. After tryptic digestion of the enzyme modified with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the presence and absence of NADPH followed by [1H]NaBH4 reduction, a radioactive peptide absorbing at 310 nm was isolated by reverse-phase HPLC. The amino acid sequence of the peptide identified a portion of the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-binding site as the region containing the sequence I-L-E-N-I-Q-V-F-X-K, where X indicates that the phenylthiohydantoin amino acid could not be assigned. The missing residue, however, can be designated as a phosphopyridoxyl lysine as interpreted from the result of amino acid composition of the peptide. It is suggested that the catalytic function of succinic semialdehyde reductase is modulated by binding of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to a specific lysyl residue at or near the coenzyme-binding site of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Natural Sciences, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwondo, Korea
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Lee JE, Choi SY, Suk JW, Hong JW, Yoo BK, Choi EY, Jang SH, Park KA, Cho SW. Distribution of succinic semialdehyde reductase in rat brain. Mol Cells 1997; 7:13-20. [PMID: 9085259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde reductase (SSR) that catalyzes the reduction of succinic semialdehyde (SSA) to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has been identified as one of the NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductases. Reduction of SSA to GHB strongly supports the proposal that GHB biosynthesis may be an important step in the GABA shunt. It is pharmacologically significant in anesthesia, evoking the state of sleep, and an increase in brain dopamine level. Monoclonal antibodies against bovine brain succinic semialdehyde reductase were produced. Using the anti-succinic semialdehyde reductase antibodies, we investigated the distribution of brain succinic semialdehyde reductase in rat brain. The brain tissues were sectioned with a basis on the rat brain atlas of Paxinos and were stained by the immunoperoxidase staining method using monoclonal antibodies. In the section of the frontal lobe, immunoreactive cells were observed in the lateral septal area, the ventral pallidum, which belongs to the substantia innominata. We could observe immunoreactive cells in the reticular thalamic nucleus, which is closely related with 'sleeping', the basal nuclei of Meynert, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, and hypothalamic nuclei. Immunoreactive cells were also shown in raphe nuclei or the reticular formation of the midbrain, cerebellum, and inferior olivary nuclei of the medulla oblongata. Succinic semialdehyde reductase-immunoreactive cells were distributed extensively in rat brain, especially immunoreactive cells were strongly observed in the areas associated with the limbic system and reticular formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nowicki BH, Haughton VM, Schmidt TA, Lim TH, An HS, Riley LH, Yu L, Hong JW. Occult lumbar lateral spinal stenosis in neural foramina subjected to physiologic loading. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1996; 17:1605-14. [PMID: 8896609 PMCID: PMC8338311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the effect of extension, flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation loads applied to the spine on the anatomic relationship of the spinal nerves in the neural foramen to the ligamentum flavum and the intervertebral disk, anc to determine the effect of disk degeneration on the response to loading. METHODS Cadaveric lumbar motion segments were examined with CT and MR imaging, loaded with pure moment forces, frozen in situ, reexamined with CT, and sectioned with a cryomicrotome. The morphology of the intervertebral disks was classified on the basis of the appearance of the cryomicrotome sections. The neural foramina were classified as having no evident stenosis, as being stenotic, as having occult stenosis, or as showing resolved stenosis on the basis of the images and sections before and after loading. The stenotic and nonstenotic foramina were stratified by disk level, intervertebral disk classification, and type of loading applied. The effect of spinal level, disk type, and load type on the prevalence of stenosis was studied. RESULTS On average, extension, flexion, lateral bending, and axial rotation resulted in the ligamentum flavum or intervertebral disk contacting or compressing the spinal nerve in 18% of the neural foramina. Extension loading produced the most cases of nerve root contact, and lateral bending produced the fewest cases. Each of the loading types resulted also in diminished contact between the spinal nerve and the intervertebral disk or ligamentum flavum in some cases. Disk degeneration significantly increased the prevalence of spinal stenosis. All foramina associated with advanced disk degeneration and half of the foramina associated with disks having radial tears of the annulus fibrosus either developed occult stenosis or were stenotic before loading. CONCLUSIONS The study supports the concept of dynamic spinal stenosis; that is, intermittent stenosis of the neural foramina. Flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation significantly changed the anatomic relationships of the ligamentum flavum and intervertebral disk to the spinal nerve roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Nowicki
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
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Abstract
Incubation of an NADPH-dependent succinic semi-aldehyde reductase from bovine brain with o-phthalaldehyde resulted in a time-dependent loss of enzyme activity. The inactivation followed pseudo first-order kinetics with the second-order rate constant of 28 M(-1) s(-1). The inactivation was prevented by preincubation of the enzymes with NADPH, but not by succinic semialdehyde. There was a linear relationship between isoindole formation and the loss of enzyme activity. Spectrophotometric studies indicated that complete inactivation of the enzyme resulted from the formation of one isoindole derivative per molecule of enzyme, which was formed from the reaction of cysteine and lysine residues with o-phthalaldehyde at or near the enzyme active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
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Shiozawa H, Ishibashi K, Hokoishi F, Hong JW, Miki M. [Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy without pneumoperitoneum--experiments in pigs]. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1995; 86:996-9. [PMID: 7596086 DOI: 10.5980/jpnjurol1989.86.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic nephrectomy has been performed widely for minimally invasive therapy. However, the procedure of insertion of needles and trocars can cause vascular and intestinal injuries. In addition, pneumoperitoneum using high pressure CO2 gas can cause circulatory and respiratory problems. In order to avoid these problems, we tried retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy without CO2 gas in 8 kidneys of 4 pigs. A 1.5 cm skin incision was made just below the lowest rib and a small retroperitoneal space was made with the forefinger. The sheath of a 27 Fr rigid nephroscope was covered with a condom balloon and inserted into the retroperitoneal space. Under observing through the nephroscope, the condom was filled with 150-200 ml saline to make a space for the operation. After removing the nephroscope with condom, a scope and trocars were inserted into the space and retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy was performed. Making the space with condom balloon in the retroperitoneal space was very efficient. The procedures succeeded in 8 and average procedure time was 3 hours. Retroperitoneoscopic nephrectomy without gas is a very attractive minimally invasive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shiozawa
- Department of Urology, Tokyo Medical College
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Ryu HS, Hong JW. [A review on prematurity and low-birth-weight among the new-born infants in hospitals, Korea]. Ingu Pogon Nonjip 1986; 6:131-49. [PMID: 12341406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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Kwon EH, Kim TR, Hong JW, Ahn YO, Kim EI. [The interrelationship between family planning and child health (author's transl)]. Seoul J Med 1975; 16:217-27. [PMID: 12261529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Kwon EH, Kim TR, Park HJ, Kang KW, Park SY, Hong JW, Lee YW, Yun BJ. [A study on the effectiveness of special incentive program for insertion of IUD in urban Korea]. Seoul J Med 1971; 12:59-65. [PMID: 12332913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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