1
|
de Leeuw SP, Pruis MA, Sikkema BJ, Mohseni M, Veerman GDM, Paats MS, Dumoulin DW, Smit EF, Schols AMWJ, Mathijssen RHJ, van Rossum EFC, Dingemans AMC. Analysis of Serious Weight Gain in Patients Using Alectinib for ALK-Positive Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:1017-1030. [PMID: 37001858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alectinib is a standard-of-care treatment for metastatic ALK+ NSCLC. Weight gain is an unexplored side effect reported in approximately 10%. To prevent or intervene alectinib-induced weight gain, more insight in its extent and etiology is needed. METHODS Change in body composition was analyzed in a prospective series of 46 patients with ALK+ NSCLC, treated with alectinib. Waist circumference, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and skeletal muscle were quantified using sliceOmatic software on computed tomography images at baseline, 3 months (3M), and 1 year (1Y). To investigate an exposure-toxicity relationship, alectinib plasma concentrations were quantified. Four patients with more than 10 kg weight gain were referred to Erasmus MC Obesity Center CGG for in-depth analysis (e.g., assessments of appetite, dietary habits, other lifestyle, medical and psychosocial factors, and extensive metabolic and endocrine assessments, including resting energy expenditure). RESULTS Mean increase in waist circumference was 9 cm (9.7%, p < 0.001) in 1Y with a 40% increase in abdominal obesity (p = 0.014). VAT increased to 10.8 cm2 (15.0%, p = 0.003) in 3M and 35.7 cm2 (39.0%, p < 0.001) in 1Y. SAT increased to 18.8 cm2 (12.4%, p < 0.001) in 3M and 45.4 cm2 (33.3%, p < 0.001) in 1Y. The incidence of sarcopenic obesity increased from 23.7% to 47.4% during 1Y of treatment. Baseline waist circumference was a positive predictor of increase in VAT (p = 0.037). No exposure-toxicity relationship was found. In-depth analysis (n = 4) revealed increased appetite in two patients and metabolic syndrome in all four patients. CONCLUSIONS Alectinib may cause relevant increased sarcopenic abdominal obesity, with increases of both VAT and SAT, quickly after initiation. This may lead to many serious metabolic, physical, and mental disturbances in long-surviving patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon P de Leeuw
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melinda A Pruis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barend J Sikkema
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Mohseni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G D Marijn Veerman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marthe S Paats
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne W Dumoulin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemie M W J Schols
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron H J Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth F C van Rossum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Obesity Center CGG, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Carlo V, Grancini B, Cassina N, Casati L, Piccoli E, Vismara M, Gobbo D, Zanaschi R, Lupo S, Olivieri S, Dell'Osso B. Cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in patients treated with long-acting injectables antipsychotics: a retrospective study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 38:160-168. [PMID: 36729532 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional, retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and metabolic syndrome in a sample of psychiatric patients treated with long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). The clinical charts of 120 patients, mainly diagnosed with schizophrenia (30.0%), schizoaffective disorder (15.0%), and bipolar disorder (13.3%) on LAIs therapy - initiated in the period from 2013 to 2019 and lasting at least one year - were retrospectively reviewed and related socio-demographic, clinical and laboratory variables were collected. The 70.8% of patients were treated with first-generation LAIs, and the remaining 29.2% with second-generation LAIs. The overall sample showed low compliance in performing the required exams and evaluations related to CVD risk factors. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 30.8%, and, considering specific CVD risk factors, 55% of the total sample reported abdominal obesity, 43.3% arterial hypertension, 41.7% low HDL-cholesterol, 25.8% hypertriglyceridemia, and 20.8% fasting hyperglycemia. Lastly, 6.7% showed prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval at the ECG. Patients treated with LAIs should be regularly monitored for metabolic changes and CVD risk factors. Metabolic changes rapidly develop after initiating an antipsychotic therapy and these often involve parameters, that can be easily recorded in an outpatient setting (e.g. abdominal obesity and hypertension).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera De Carlo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Grancini
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Cassina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Casati
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Piccoli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Vismara
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- 'Aldo Ravelli' Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Gobbo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Zanaschi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Lupo
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Olivieri
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Dell'Osso
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences 'Luigi Sacco', Psychiatric Clinic, Ospedale Sacco-Polo Universitario-ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- 'Aldo Ravelli' Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Solanke T, Kamau F, Esterhuizen T, Maartens G, Khoo S, Joska JA, Kellermann T, Strijdom H, Decloedt EH. Concentrations of Efavirenz, Tenofovir, and Emtricitabine in Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2022; 91:101-108. [PMID: 35972856 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is increasing worldwide including in people living with HIV (PLWH). Antiretroviral pharmacokinetic data in obesity are limited. OBJECTIVES To measure antiretroviral drug concentrations in obese and nonobese PLWH treated with the fixed-dose combination of efavirenz-tenofovir-emtricitabine. To determine pharmacokinetic differences across indicators of obesity and their associated immunovirological outcomes. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional sample analysis of 2 cohort studies. We measured mid-dose efavirenz, 8-hydroxy-efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine concentrations. Antiretroviral drug concentrations were analyzed by body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). RESULTS We performed a study of 213 participants: General obesity was detected in 20.4% using BMI and abdominal obesity in 53.6% using WC and 62.4% using WHR, respectively. The median concentrations of all antiretroviral drugs were lower among obese participants determined by BMI and WC, with efavirenz showing greater differences than tenofovir or emtricitabine. For BMI, results were most striking for efavirenz (1752.3 vs 2342.9 ng/mL, P = 0.002) with lower concentrations in obese participants. Using WC, efavirenz (1845.8 vs 2571.2 ng/mL, P < 0.001), tenofovir (65.8 vs 73.2 ng/mL, P = 0.036), and emtricitabine (159.5 vs 221.0 ng/mL, P = 0.005) concentrations were lower in obese participants. Eight-hydroxyefavirenz concentrations were similar in nonobese and obese participants for WC. Using WHR, the concentrations of all antiretroviral drugs were lower in the obese population, most strikingly for emtricitabine (173.5 vs 229.0 ng/mL, P = 0.015). There were no immunovirological associations. CONCLUSION We found lower antiretroviral concentrations in all obese groups, most strikingly in participants with abdominal obesity determined by WC. Lower drug concentrations had no immunovirological associations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyosi Solanke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Festus Kamau
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tonya Esterhuizen
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Biostatistics Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Saye Khoo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool; and
| | - John A Joska
- HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracy Kellermann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hans Strijdom
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Eric H Decloedt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruyvaran M, Zamani A, Mohamadian A, Zarshenas MM, Eftekhari MH, Pourahmad S, Abarghooei EF, Akbari A, Nimrouzi M. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) oil could improve abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance in patients with metabolic syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 282:114590. [PMID: 34487844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Carthamus tinctorius L. (Safflower) has been widely recommended to treat metabolic disorders in traditional herbal medicine in Persia, China, Korea, Japan, and other East-Asian countries. The anti-hypercholesterolemic and antioxidant effects of this plant have been well documented, but its protective effects against Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) have not been fully illustrated. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of safflower oil on MetS risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 67 patients with MetS were administered either divided 8 g safflower oil or placebo daily for 12 weeks. All patients were advised to follow their previous diets and physical activities. RESULTS Safflower oil resulted in a significant reduction in waist circumference (-2.42 ± 3.24 vs. 0.97 ± 2.53, p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (-8.80 ± 9.77 vs. -2.26 ± 8.56, p = 0.021), diastolic blood pressure (-3.53 ± 7.52 vs. -0.70 ± 6.21, p = 0.041), fasting blood sugar (-5.03 ± 10.62 vs. 2.94 ± 7.57, p = 0.003), and insulin resistance (-0.59 ± 1.43 vs. 0.50 ± 1, p = 0.012), but an increase in adiponectin level (0.38 ± 0.99 vs. -0.09 ± 0.81, p = 0.042) in the treatment group in comparison to the placebo group. The results revealed a direct relationship between leptin level and Body Mass Index (BMI) in both groups (p<0.001). In addition, increase in BMI resulted in a non-significant decrease in adiponectin level in both groups. Moreover, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding lipid profiles, leptin serum level, serum creatinine concentration, and other outcomes. CONCLUSION Safflower oil without lifestyle modification improved abdominal obesity, blood pressure, and insulin resistance in patients with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maede Ruyvaran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Zamani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Mohamadian
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Eftekhari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Saeedeh Pourahmad
- Department of Biostatics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Fallahzadeh Abarghooei
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Department of Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Majid Nimrouzi
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharifan P, Ziaee A, Darroudi S, Rezaie M, Safarian M, Eslami S, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Tayefi M, Mohammadi Bajgiran M, Ghazizadeh H, Khorasanchi Z, Bagherniya M, Sardar MA, Ferns G, Vatanparast H, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Effect of low-fat dairy products fortified with 1500IU nano encapsulated vitamin D 3 on cardiometabolic indicators in adults with abdominal obesity: a total blinded randomized controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2021; 37:579-588. [PMID: 33434080 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2021.1874324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Vitamin D deficiency is widespread worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a nano encapsulated form of vitamin D used for fortifying low-fat dairy products (milk and yogurt) on anthropometric indices, glycemic status, and lipid profile in subjects with abdominal obesity. METHODS In a totally (quadruple) blinded, randomized, and parallel-controlled trial, 306 individuals with abdominal obesity were randomly allocated to one of four groups: fortified low-fat yogurt (FY, 1500 IU nano encapsulated vitamin D3 per 150 g/d), non-fortified low-fat yogurt (nFY), fortified low-fat milk (FM, 1500 IU nano encapsulated vitamin D3 per 200 g/d), non-fortified low-fat milk (nFM), for 10 weeks (nFM and nFY, were considered as the control groups). Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured at baseline and after a ten-week trial in Mashhad, Iran. RESULTS After the ten-week intervention, we found a significant increase in serum concentration of 25(OH)D in both the FM and FY groups compared to the respective control groups (19.10 ± 5.69 ng/mL and 20.88 ± 5.76 ng/mL respectively, p < .001). We observed a significant reduction in weight to hip ratio (p = .04) and a significant improvement in triglyceride (p < .001) and HDL-C (p = .01) only in FM group compared to nFM group. Also, we found a significant reduction in fasting serum insulin (p < .001), and a significant improvement of HOMA-IR (p < .001) and QUICKI (p < .001) in both intervention groups compared to their placebos. CONCLUSIONS An intake of fortified dairy products containing nano-encapsulated vitamin D3 was associated with an improvement in some measures of anthropometric indices, glucose homeostasis, and lipid profiles, particularly in individuals receiving fortified milk. Hence, along with other benefits, fortification of dairy products with vitamin D may be an effective approach to improve some cardiometabolic indicators, such as insulin resistance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER IRCT20101130005280N27.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Sharifan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Ziaee
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Susan Darroudi
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Rezaie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohamad Safarian
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Eslami
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Norwegian Center for e-health Research, University hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maryam Mohammadi Bajgiran
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sardar
- Department of General Courses, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Brighton, UK
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- International UNESCO Center for Health Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao N, Wang X, Wang Y, Yao J, Shi C, Du J, Bai R. The Effect of Liraglutide on Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:5578216. [PMID: 34825006 PMCID: PMC8610652 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5578216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of liraglutide on the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with abdominal obesity. METHODS Abdominal obesity T2DM patients with poor glycemic control were collected and treated with liraglutide. The changes of blood glucose, blood lipid, waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), and EAT thickness were compared after 3 months of treatment with liraglutide. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure EAT thickness. RESULTS After 3 months of treatment with liraglutide, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased from 9.81 ± 1.46% to 6.94 ± 1.29% (95%CI = 2.14-3.59, p < 0.001). The weight decreased from 91.67 ± 16.29 kg to 87.29 ± 16.43 kg (95%CI = 2.97-5.79, p < 0.001). Waist circumference before treatment was 103.69 ± 9.14 cm, and after treatment was 96.42 ± 8.42 cm (95%CI = 5.04-9.50, p < 0.001). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly lower than those before treatment. TC decreased from 5.34 ± 1.05 mmol/L to 4.86 ± 0.97 mmol/L (95%CI = 0.15-0.82, p < 0.001). TG was 1.89 (1.48-3.17) and then to 1.92 ± 0.69 (p = 0.03). LDL-C decreased from 3.39 ± 0.84 mmol/L to 3.01 ± 0.74 mmol/L (95%CI = 0.17-0.59, p = 0.001). HDL-C increased by 1.7% after treatment, with no significant difference (p = 0.062). More importantly, the thickness of EAT decreased from 5.0 (5.0-7.0) mm to 3.95 ± 1.43 mm (p < 0.001) after liraglutide administered for 3 months. CONCLUSION Liraglutide significantly reduces EAT thickness in T2DM with abdominal obesity, which provides theoretical support for the cardiovascular benefits of liraglutide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yongbo Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chunhong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianling Du
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ran Bai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aparecida Silveira E, Vaseghi G, de Carvalho Santos AS, Kliemann N, Masoudkabir F, Noll M, Mohammadifard N, Sarrafzadegan N, de Oliveira C. Visceral Obesity and Its Shared Role in Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scoping Review of the Pathophysiology and Pharmacological Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9042. [PMID: 33261185 PMCID: PMC7730690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between obesity, cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been demonstrated in animal and epidemiological studies. However, the specific role of visceral obesity on cancer and CVD remains unclear. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is a complex and metabolically active tissue, that can produce different adipokines and hormones, responsible for endocrine-metabolic comorbidities. This review explores the potential mechanisms related to VAT that may also be involved in cancer and CVD. In addition, we discuss the shared pharmacological treatments which may reduce the risk of both diseases. This review highlights that chronic inflammation, molecular aspects, metabolic syndrome, secretion of hormones and adiponectin associated to VAT may have synergistic effects and should be further studied in relation to cancer and CVD. Reductions in abdominal and visceral adiposity improve insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and cytokines, which consequently reduce the risk of CVD and some cancers. Several medications have shown to reduce visceral and/or subcutaneous fat. Further research is needed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms by which visceral obesity may cause both cancer and CVD. The role of visceral fat in cancer and CVD is an important area to advance. Public health policies to increase public awareness about VAT's role and ways to manage or prevent it are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Aparecida Silveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Annelisa Silva de Carvalho Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- United Faculty of Campinas, Goiânia 74525-020, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Kliemann
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, 69372 Lyon, France;
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran;
- Department of Cardiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1411713138, Iran
| | - Matias Noll
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil; (A.S.d.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Ceres 76300-000, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Hypertension Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran;
| | - Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cesar de Oliveira
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology & Health Care, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
A 79-year-old man without a history of diabetes underwent orchiectomy for prostate cancer. Eight months after the operation, he suffered severe deterioration of visceral fat deposition, fatty liver and diabetes. Treatment for diabetes with canagliflozin and dulaglutide resulted in improvement in his glycemic control, visceral fat and fatty liver. Visceral fat-dominant deposition, which differs from the typical course after androgen deprivation therapy, may have been associated with severe exacerbation of diabetes and fatty liver. Glycemic management with a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist may help improve the glucose metabolism, visceral fat deposition and fatty liver after orchiectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Kajitani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Okayama City Hospital, Japan
| | - Junko Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Okayama City Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Okayama City Hospital, Japan
| | - Jun Hamahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Okayama City Hospital, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ando
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes Center, Okayama City Hospital, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Bosco F, Nucera S, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Ruga S, Oppedisano F, Zito MC, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Palma E, Bombardelli E, Fini M, Mollace V. The Effect of Natural Antioxidants in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome: Focus on Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1504. [PMID: 32455840 PMCID: PMC7284500 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a set of clinical findings that include visceral adiposity, insulin-resistance, high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and hypertension, which is linked to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The pathogenesis of MetS involves both genetic and acquired factors triggering oxidative stress, cellular dysfunction and systemic inflammation process mainly responsible for the pathophysiological mechanism. In recent years, MetS has gained importance due to the exponential increase in obesity worldwide. However, at present, it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present review will summarize the pathogenesis of MetS and the existing pharmacological therapies currently used and focus attention on the beneficial effects of natural compounds to reduce the risk and progression of MetS. In this regard, emerging evidence suggests a potential protective role of bergamot extracts, in particular bergamot flavonoids, in the management of different features of MetS, due to their pleiotropic anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Chair of Cardiology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ezio Bombardelli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Massimo Fini
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00163 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.G.); (V.M.); (M.S.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (J.M.); (Roberta Macrì); (S.R.); (F.O.); (M.C.Z.); (L.G.); (Rocco Mollace); (A.T.); (E.P.); (E.B.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee D, Shin Y, Jang J, Park Y, Ahn J, Jeong S, Shin SS, Yoon M. The herbal extract ALS-L1023 from Melissa officinalis alleviates visceral obesity and insulin resistance in obese female C57BL/6J mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 253:112646. [PMID: 32027997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Melissa officinalis L. (Labiatae; lemon balm) has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb to treat stress, anxiety, and insomnia. Current reports suggest that not only chronic stress stimulates angiogenesis, but angiogenesis also regulates adipogenesis and obesity. Because the herbal extract ALS-L1023 from Melissa officinalis inhibits angiogenesis, we hypothesized that ALS-L1023 could suppress visceral obesity and insulin resistance in obese female C57BL/6J mice, a mouse model of obese premenopausal women. MATERIALS AND METHODS The mice were grouped and fed for 16 weeks as follows: 1) low-fat diet (LFD), 2) high-fat diet (HFD), or 3) HFD supplemented with 0.4 or 0.8% ALS-L1023. Variables and determinants of visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and pancreatic dysfunction were then assessed via blood analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS ALS-L1023 decreased weight gain, visceral adipocyte size, and serum lipid levels in HFD-fed obese mice. ALS-L1023 also normalized hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and concomitantly reduced blood glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance tests. The pancreatic islet size and insulin-positive β-cell area were significantly reduced in ALS-L1023-treated mice compared with untreated obese controls, reaching a level similar to that of LFD-fed lean mice. ALS-L1023 suppressed pancreatic lipid accumulation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and collagen levels. ALS-L1023 treatment altered the pancreatic expression of genes involved in steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the herbal extract ALS-L1023 from Melissa officinalis not only inhibits visceral obesity, but also attenuates the increased fasting blood glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and pancreatic dysfunction seen in female obese mice. These results suggest that ALS-L1023 may be effective in the prevention of visceral obesity and insulin resistance in obese premenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon, 35349, South Korea
| | - Yujin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon, 35349, South Korea
| | - Joonseong Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon, 35349, South Korea
| | - Yonghyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon, 35349, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sunhyo Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon, 35349, South Korea
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, 47340, South Korea.
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon, 35349, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
German CA, Laughey B, Bertoni AG, Yeboah J. Associations between BMI, waist circumference, central obesity and outcomes in type II diabetes mellitus: The ACCORD Trial. J Diabetes Complications 2020; 34:107499. [PMID: 31813770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.107499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Our study aimed to investigate associations between BMI, waist circumference (WC), and central obesity (CO) with outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes using data from the ACCORD trial. METHODS WC was assessed as a continuous variable. CO was derived as a dichotomous variable using cutoffs from the World Health Organization. BMI was assessed as a continuous and categorical variable using BMI ≤ 24.9 kg/m2 as normal weight, 25-30 kg/m2 as overweight, and >30 kg/m2 as obese. Incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and all-cause mortality were assessed. Cox proportional hazards were used to assess associations between our predictors and outcomes after adjusting for confounders. Bonferroni correction was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS BMI and WC were associated with CHF [HR (95%CI): 1.41 (1.28-1.56), p ≤ 0.001; 1.43 (1.30-1.58), p ≤ 0.001 respectively] and all-cause mortality [HR (95%CI): 1.20 (1.11-1.30), p ≤ 0.001; 1.22 (1.13-1.37), p ≤ 0.001 respectively], though CO was not associated with any outcome after adjustment. No associations were seen between any adiposity metric and ASCVD. CONCLUSION Both BMI and WC independently capture the risk associated with adiposity in type 2 diabetes. However, those considered overweight and obese by BMI, and those with CO were not independently associated with outcomes in this cohort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A German
- Heart and Vascular Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Brian Laughey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Alain G Bertoni
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Joseph Yeboah
- Heart and Vascular Center of Excellence, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Zhao X, Gu Y, Zhu X, Yin T, Tang Z, Yuan J, Chen W, OuYang R, Yao L, Zhang R, Yuan J, Zhou R, Sun Y, Cui S. Effects of Exenatide and Humalog Mix25 on Fat Distribution, Insulin Sensitivity, and β-Cell Function in Normal BMI Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Visceral Adiposity. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:9783859. [PMID: 32566685 PMCID: PMC7273456 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9783859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, most normal BMI (body mass index of ≥18.5 to <25 kg/m2) adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) exhibit visceral adiposity. This study compared the effects of exenatide and humalog Mix25 on normal BMI patients with T2DM and visceral adiposity. A total of 95 patients were randomized to receive either exenatide or humalog Mix25 treatment for 24 weeks. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and liver fat content (LFC) by liver proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS). Each patient's weight, waist circumference, BMI, blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, pancreatic β-cell function, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) levels were measured. Data from 81 patients who completed the study (40 and 41 in the exenatide and humalog Mix25 groups, respectively) were analysed. The change in 2 h plasma blood glucose was greater in the exenatide group (P = 0.039). HOMA-IR and MBCI improved significantly after exenatide therapy (P < 0.01, P = 0.045). VAT and LFC decreased in both groups (P < 0.01 for all) but to a greater extent in the exenatide group, while SAT only decreased with exenatide therapy (P < 0.01). FGF-21 levels declined more in the exenatide group (P < 0.01), but were positively correlated with VAT in the entire cohort before (r = 0.244, P = 0.043) and after (r = 0.290, P = 0.016) the intervention. The effects of exenatide on glycaemic metabolism, insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell function, and fat deposition support its administration to normal BMI patients with T2DM and visceral adiposity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yunjuan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Tong Yin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Zhuqi Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rong OuYang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Lili Yao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Rongping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ranran Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Shiwei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lim J, Lee H, Ahn J, Kim J, Jang J, Park Y, Jeong B, Yang H, Shin SS, Yoon M. The polyherbal drug GGEx18 from Laminaria japonica, Rheum palmatum, and Ephedra sinica inhibits hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammtion in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Ethnopharmacol 2018; 225:31-41. [PMID: 29958960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The herbal composition Gyeongshingangjeehwan 18 (GGEx18), composed of Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminariaceae), and Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae), is used as an antiobesity drug in Korean clinics. The constituents of GGEx18 have traditionally been reported to inhibit obesity and related metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effects of GGEx18 on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS C57BL/6 J mice were fed either a low-fat diet (LFD), an HFD, or an HFD supplemented with GGEx18 (125, 250, or 500 mg/kg of body weight/day). After 13 weeks, blood analyses, histology, immunohistochemistry, and real-time PCR were performed to assess NAFLD development in these mice. RESULTS Mice fed an HFD had increases in body weight, epididymal adipose tissue mass, adipocyte size, and adipose expression of inflammation-related genes compared with those fed an LFD. These increases were ameliorated in mice treated with 500 mg/kg/day GGEx18 without affecting food consumption profiles. GGEx18 not only decreased serum levels of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and alanine aminotransferase, but also decreased hepatic lipid accumulation, numbers of mast cells and α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, and collagen levels induced by an HFD. Consistent with the histological data, the hepatic expression of lipogenesis-, inflammation-, and fibrosis-related genes was lower, while hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation-related gene expression was higher, in mice receiving GGEx18 compared to mice fed only the HFD. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicate that GGEx18 attenuates visceral obesity and NAFLD, in part by altering the expression of genes involved in hepatic steatosis and fibroinflammation in HFD-induced obese mice. These findings suggest that GGEx18 may be effective for preventing and treating NAFLD associated with visceral obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonghoon Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Haerim Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ahn
- Genome Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseong Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea
| | - Birang Jeong
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejung Yang
- Laboratory of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Shik Shin
- Department of Formula Sciences, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.
| | - Michung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mokwon University, Daejeon 35349, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fillo J, Breza J, Ondrusova M, Luha J, Ondrus D, Dubravicky J, Breza J, Labas P, Levcikova M. Results of long term testosterone replacement therapy in men with abdominal obesity, erectile dysfunction and testosterone deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 119:577-580. [PMID: 30226069 DOI: 10.4149/bll_2018_061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this article, the authors evaluate subjective and objective results of long testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and possible risk. METHODS In a single center study, the authors treated 69 men with testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS). The average age was 57.84 years and the follow-up period was 94.62 months. All men had at beginning a complete urological and internal examination. All the men were treated with three-month i.m. injections of 1000 mg testosterone undecanoate. The men were regularly checked according to the EAU guidelines. RESULTS All of the men on treatment felt much better. Weight and waist circumference during monitoring showed a mild improvement. Excellent results were on red blood cells. Glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides had stable values. PSA slightly increased and testosterone was within the normal range. In two men during treatment, we found a prostate cancer (low risk). Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine revealed a significant improvement. CONCLUSION TRT had multiple positive effect on affected men with TDS. Our long-term results showed a long mild improvement during the time. Authors concluded that long term treatment had multiple benefit for affected men (Fig. 11, Ref. 13).
Collapse
|
16
|
Engeli S, Stinkens R, Heise T, May M, Goossens GH, Blaak EE, Havekes B, Jax T, Albrecht D, Pal P, Tegtbur U, Haufe S, Langenickel TH, Jordan J. Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan on Exercise-Induced Lipid Metabolism in Patients With Obesity and Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 71:70-77. [PMID: 29180454 PMCID: PMC5753808 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Sacubitril/valsartan (LCZ696), a novel angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor, was recently approved for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Neprilysin degrades several peptides that modulate lipid metabolism, including natriuretic peptides. In this study, we investigated the effects of 8 weeks’ treatment with sacubitril/valsartan on whole-body and adipose tissue lipolysis and lipid oxidation during defined physical exercise compared with the metabolically neutral comparator amlodipine. This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group study enrolling subjects with abdominal obesity and moderate hypertension (mean sitting systolic blood pressure ≥130–180 mm Hg). Lipolysis during rest and exercise was assessed by microdialysis and [1,1,2,3,3-2H]-glycerol tracer kinetics. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured simultaneously using indirect calorimetry. Plasma nonesterified fatty acids, glycerol, insulin, glucose, adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, blood pressure, and heart rate were also determined. Exercise elevated plasma glycerol, free fatty acids, and interstitial glycerol concentrations and increased the rate of glycerol appearance. However, exercise-induced stimulation of lipolysis was not augmented on sacubitril/valsartan treatment compared with amlodipine treatment. Furthermore, sacubitril/valsartan did not alter energy expenditure and substrate oxidation during exercise compared with amlodipine treatment. In conclusion, sacubitril/valsartan treatment for 8 weeks did not elicit clinically relevant changes in exercise-induced lipolysis or substrate oxidation in obese patients with hypertension, implying that its beneficial cardiovascular effects cannot be explained by changes in lipid metabolism during exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Engeli
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Rudi Stinkens
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Tim Heise
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Marcus May
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Gijs H Goossens
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Bas Havekes
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Thomas Jax
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Diego Albrecht
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Parasar Pal
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Uwe Tegtbur
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Sven Haufe
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Thomas H Langenickel
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.)
| | - Jens Jordan
- From the Institute of Clinical Pharmacology (S.E., M.M., S.H., J.J.), Institute of Sports Medicine (U.T.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (R.S., G.H.G., E.E.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (B.H.), Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands; Profil, Neuss, Germany (T.H., T.J.); Translational Medicine, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland (D.A., T.H.L.); Biostatistical Sciences, Integrated Development Functions and Regions, Novartis Healthcare Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad, India (P.P.); and Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR) and Chair of Aerospace Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany (J.J.).
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Bredella MA, Karastergiou K, Bos SA, Gerweck AV, Torriani M, Fried SK, Miller KK. GH administration decreases subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size in men with abdominal obesity. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 35:17-20. [PMID: 28628810 PMCID: PMC5585040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of short-term GH administration on abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size and CT attenuation in men with abdominal obesity. DESIGN 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of GH (starting dose 2μg/kg/d) vs placebo of 15 abdominally obese men (mean age: 34±6years; mean BMI: 37.7±6.1kg/m2, mean IGF-1 SDS: -1.9±0.5) who underwent abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) aspirations to determine adipocyte size, CTs for body composition and measures of glucose tolerance at baseline and 6weeks. GH dosing was titrated to target IGF-1 levels in the upper normal age-appropriate range. RESULTS GH administration decreased subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size compared to placebo. Adipocyte size was positively associated with 120-min glucose and HOMA-IR and inversely associated with peak-stimulated GH and CT attenuation. CT attenuation of SAT was inversely associated with 120-min glucose and HOMA-IR and increased following GH administration. CONCLUSION In men with abdominal obesity, subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size is positively associated with measures of impaired glucose tolerance and administration of GH at doses that raise IGF-1 levels within the normal range, decreases abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size, suggesting that GH administration improves the health of adipose tissue. Clinical trials number: NCT00131378.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Kalypso Karastergiou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., EBRC 810, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Stijn A Bos
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anu V Gerweck
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin Torriani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan K Fried
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., EBRC 810, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gomes AC, de Sousa RGM, Botelho PB, Gomes TLN, Prada PO, Mota JF. The additional effects of a probiotic mix on abdominal adiposity and antioxidant Status: A double-blind, randomized trial. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:30-38. [PMID: 28008750 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a probiotic mix has additional effects when compared with an isolated dietary intervention on the body composition, lipid profile, endotoxemia, inflammation, and antioxidant profile. METHODS Women who had excess weight or obesity were recruited to a randomized, double-blind trial and received a probiotic mix (Lactobacillus acidophilus and casei; Lactococcus lactis; Bifidobacterium bifidum and lactis; 2 × 1010 colony-forming units/day) (n = 21) or placebo (n = 22) for 8 weeks. Both groups received a dietary prescription. Body composition was assessed by anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The lipid profile, lipid accumulation product, plasma fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, adiponectin, and the antioxidant enzymes activities were analyzed. RESULTS In comparison with the dietary intervention group, the dietary intervention + probiotic mix group showed a greater reduction in the waist circumference (-3.40% vs. -5.48%, P = 0.03), waist-height ratio (-3.27% vs. -5.00%, P = 0.02), conicity index (-2.43% vs. -4.09% P = 0.03), and plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids (5.65% vs. -18.63%, P = 0.04) and an increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (-16.67% vs. 15.62%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of a probiotic mix reduced abdominal adiposity and increased antioxidant enzyme activity in a more effective way than an isolated dietary intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Corado Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rávila Graziany Machado de Sousa
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Borges Botelho
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Tatyanne Letícia Nogueira Gomes
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - João Felipe Mota
- Clinical and Sports Nutrition Research Laboratory (Labince), Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fiore D, Gianfrilli D, Giannetta E, Galea N, Panio G, di Dato C, Pofi R, Pozza C, Sbardella E, Carbone I, Naro F, Lenzi A, Venneri MA, Isidori AM. PDE5 Inhibition Ameliorates Visceral Adiposity Targeting the miR-22/SIRT1 Pathway: Evidence From the CECSID Trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:1525-34. [PMID: 26964730 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-4252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Visceral adiposity plays a significant role in cardiovascular risk. PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i) can improve cardiac function and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes patients. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether PDE5i affect visceral adipose tissue (VAT), specifically epicardial fat (epicardial adipose tissue [EAT]), and what mechanism is involved, using microarray-based profiling of pharmacologically modulated microRNA (miRNAs). DESIGN Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in type 2 diabetes. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION A total of 59 diabetic patients were randomized to receive 100-mg/d sildenafil or placebo for 12 weeks. Fat biopsies were collected in a subgroup of patients. In a parallel protocol, db/db mice were randomized to 12 weeks of sildenafil or vehicle, and VAT was collected. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, EAT quantification through cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, array of 2005 circulating miRNAs, quantitative PCR, and flow cytometry of VAT. RESULTS Compared with placebo, sildenafil reduced waist circumference (P = .024) and EAT (P = .045). Microarray analysis identified some miRNAs differentially regulated by sildenafil, including down-regulation of miR-22-3p, confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (P < .001). Sildenafil's modulation of miR-22-3p expression was confirmed in vitro in HL1 cardiomyocytes. Up-regulation of SIRT1, a known target of miR-22-3p, was found in both serum and sc fat in sildenafil-treated subjects. Compared with vehicle, 12-week sildenafil treatment down-regulated miR-22-3p and up-regulated Sirtuin1 (SIRT1) gene expression in VAT from db/db mice, shifting adipose tissue cell composition toward a less inflamed profile. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with PDE5i in humans and murine models of diabetes improves VAT, targeting SIRT1 through a modulation of miR-22-3p expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fiore
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panio
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carla di Dato
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlotta Pozza
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Carbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mary A Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine (D.F., D.G., E.G., C.d.D., R.P., C.P., E.S., A.L., M.A.V., A.M.I.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences (N.G., I.C.), Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; and Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic, and Orthopaedic Sciences (G.P., F.N.), Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wong WY, Ward LC, Fong CW, Yap WN, Brown L. Anti-inflammatory γ- and δ-tocotrienols improve cardiovascular, liver and metabolic function in diet-induced obese rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 56:133-150. [PMID: 26446095 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study tested the hypothesis that γ- and δ-tocotrienols are more effective than α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol in attenuating the signs of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. METHODS Five groups of rats were fed a corn starch-rich (C) diet containing 68 % carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other five groups were fed a diet (H) high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25 % fructose in drinking water, total 68 %) and fats (beef tallow, total 24 %) for 16 weeks. Separate groups from each diet were supplemented with either α-, γ-, δ-tocotrienol or α-tocopherol (85 mg/kg/day) for the final 8 of the 16 weeks. RESULTS H rats developed visceral obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling and fatty liver. α-Tocopherol, α-, γ- and δ-tocotrienols reduced collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart. Only γ- and δ-tocotrienols improved cardiovascular function and normalised systolic blood pressure compared to H rats. Further, δ-tocotrienol improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and abdominal adiposity. In the liver, these interventions reduced lipid accumulation, inflammatory infiltrates and plasma liver enzyme activities. Tocotrienols were measured in heart, liver and adipose tissue showing that chronic oral dosage delivered tocotrienols to these organs despite low or no detection of tocotrienols in plasma. CONCLUSION In rats, δ-tocotrienol improved inflammation, heart structure and function, and liver structure and function, while γ-tocotrienol produced more modest improvements, with minimal changes with α-tocotrienol and α-tocopherol. The most important mechanism of action is likely to be reduction in organ inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weng-Yew Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Signalling, Centenary Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Chee Wai Fong
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Davos Life Science Pte Ltd, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19 Synapse, Singapore, 138623, Singapore
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chiswick C, Reynolds RM, Denison F, Drake AJ, Forbes S, Newby DE, Walker BR, Quenby S, Wray S, Weeks A, Lashen H, Rodriguez A, Murray G, Whyte S, Norman JE. Effect of metformin on maternal and fetal outcomes in obese pregnant women (EMPOWaR): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:778-86. [PMID: 26165398 PMCID: PMC4673088 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(15)00219-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is associated with increased birthweight, and obesity and premature mortality in adult offspring. The mechanism by which maternal obesity leads to these outcomes is not well understood, but maternal hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance are both implicated. We aimed to establish whether the insulin sensitising drug metformin improves maternal and fetal outcomes in obese pregnant women without diabetes. METHODS We did this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in antenatal clinics at 15 National Health Service hospitals in the UK. Pregnant women (aged ≥16 years) between 12 and 16 weeks' gestation who had a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or more and normal glucose tolerance were randomly assigned (1:1), via a web-based computer-generated block randomisation procedure (block size of two to four), to receive oral metformin 500 mg (increasing to a maximum of 2500 mg) or matched placebo daily from between 12 and 16 weeks' gestation until delivery of the baby. Randomisation was stratified by study site and BMI band (30-39 vs ≥40 kg/m(2)). Participants, caregivers, and study personnel were masked to treatment assignment. The primary outcome was Z score corresponding to the gestational age, parity, and sex-standardised birthweight percentile of liveborn babies delivered at 24 weeks or more of gestation. We did analysis by modified intention to treat. This trial is registered, ISRCTN number 51279843. FINDINGS Between Feb 3, 2011, and Jan 16, 2014, inclusive, we randomly assigned 449 women to either placebo (n=223) or metformin (n=226), of whom 434 (97%) were included in the final modified intention-to-treat analysis. Mean birthweight at delivery was 3463 g (SD 660) in the placebo group and 3462 g (548) in the metformin group. The estimated effect size of metformin on the primary outcome was non-significant (adjusted mean difference -0·029, 95% CI -0·217 to 0·158; p=0·7597). The difference in the number of women reporting the combined adverse outcome of miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, stillbirth, or neonatal death in the metformin group (n=7) versus the placebo group (n=2) was not significant (odds ratio 3·60, 95% CI 0·74-17·50; p=0·11). INTERPRETATION Metformin has no significant effect on birthweight percentile in obese pregnant women. Further follow-up of babies born to mothers in the EMPOWaR study will identify longer-term outcomes of metformin in this population; in the meantime, metformin should not be used to improve pregnancy outcomes in obese women without diabetes. FUNDING The Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) Programme, a Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research partnership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Chiswick
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Denison
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shareen Forbes
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- Chancellor's Building, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Siobhan Quenby
- Division of Reproductive Health, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Susan Wray
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, First Floor, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew Weeks
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, First Floor, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hany Lashen
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, The Jessop Wing, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Gordon Murray
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sonia Whyte
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane E Norman
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jerrie Refuerzo
- Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ng TWK, Ooi EMM, Watts GF, Chan DC, Meikle PJ, Barrett PHR. Association of Plasma Ceramides and Sphingomyelin With VLDL apoB-100 Fractional Catabolic Rate Before and After Rosuvastatin Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:2497-501. [PMID: 25816050 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of the study was to examine post hoc associations between plasma sphingolipids and lipoprotein kinetics in men with the metabolic syndrome after rosuvastatin treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma sphingolipid profiling, determined by tandem mass spectrometry, was performed in a randomized, double-blind, triple-crossover trial (n = 12) of 5-week treatment periods with placebo or rosuvastatin (10 or 40 mg/d) with 2-week washouts between treatments. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Baseline plasma ceramides were associated with very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein (apo)-B-100 concentration (r = 0.58, P < .05) and inversely with VLDL apoB-100 fractional catabolic rate (FCR; r = -0.67, P = .02). Posttreatment changes with rosuvastatin (40 mg/d) in plasma ceramides were inversely associated with VLDL apoB-100 FCR (r = -0.62, P = .03) independent of changes in plasma triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. By contrast, baseline and postrosuvastatin treatment plasma sphingomyelin levels were not associated with apoB-100 kinetics. Plasma ceramides and sphingomyelin were not associated with the kinetics or concentrations of high-density lipoprotein apoA-I, and low-density lipoprotein apoB. In the metabolic syndrome, the ability of rosuvastatin to increase VLDL apoB-100 FCR may reflect ceramide-specific mechanistic actions and/or sphingolipid exchange.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W K Ng
- Metabolic Research Centre (T.W.K.N., E.M.M.O., G.F.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Metabolomics Laboratory (T.W.K.N., P.J.M.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Esther M M Ooi
- Metabolic Research Centre (T.W.K.N., E.M.M.O., G.F.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Metabolomics Laboratory (T.W.K.N., P.J.M.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Metabolic Research Centre (T.W.K.N., E.M.M.O., G.F.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Metabolomics Laboratory (T.W.K.N., P.J.M.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Dick C Chan
- Metabolic Research Centre (T.W.K.N., E.M.M.O., G.F.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Metabolomics Laboratory (T.W.K.N., P.J.M.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Metabolic Research Centre (T.W.K.N., E.M.M.O., G.F.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Metabolomics Laboratory (T.W.K.N., P.J.M.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - P Hugh R Barrett
- Metabolic Research Centre (T.W.K.N., E.M.M.O., G.F.W., D.C.C., P.H.R.B.), School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia and Lipid Disorders Clinic (G.F.W.), Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Faculty of Engineering, Computing, and Mathematics (P.H.R.B.), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6847, Australia; and Metabolomics Laboratory (T.W.K.N., P.J.M.), Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar SA, Magnusson M, Ward LC, Paul NA, Brown L. A green algae mixture of Scenedesmus and Schroederiella attenuates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome in rats. Nutrients 2015; 7:2771-87. [PMID: 25875119 PMCID: PMC4425172 DOI: 10.3390/nu7042771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the responses to a green algae mixture of Scenedesmus dimorphus and Schroederiella apiculata (SC) containing protein (46.1% of dry algae), insoluble fibre (19.6% of dry algae), minerals (3.7% of dry algae) and omega-3 fatty acids (2.8% of dry algae) as a dietary intervention in a high carbohydrate, high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in four groups of male Wistar rats. Two groups were fed with a corn starch diet containing 68% carbohydrates as polysaccharides, while the other two groups were fed a diet high in simple carbohydrates (fructose and sucrose in food, 25% fructose in drinking water, total 68%) and fats (saturated and trans fats from beef tallow, total 24%). High carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats showed visceral obesity with hypertension, insulin resistance, cardiovascular remodelling, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. SC supplementation (5% of food) lowered total body and abdominal fat mass, increased lean mass, and attenuated hypertension, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, endothelial dysfunction, infiltration of inflammatory cells into heart and liver, fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the high carbohydrate, high fat diet-fed rats. This study suggests that the insoluble fibre or protein in SC helps reverse diet-induced metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Senthil Arun Kumar
- Centre for Systems Biology, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
| | - Marie Magnusson
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Leigh C Ward
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
| | - Nicholas A Paul
- MACRO-the Centre for Macroalgal Resources & Biotechnology, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chou CL, Pang CY, Lee TJF, Fang TC. Beneficial effects of calcitriol on hypertension, glucose intolerance, impairment of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, and visceral adiposity in fructose-fed hypertensive rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119843. [PMID: 25774877 PMCID: PMC4361671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides regulating calcium homeostasis, the effects of vitamin D on vascular tone and metabolic disturbances remain scarce in the literature despite an increase intake with high-fructose corn syrup worldwide. We investigated the effects of calcitriol, an active form of vitamin D, on vascular relaxation, glucose tolerance, and visceral fat pads in fructose-fed rats. Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 6 per group). Group Con: standard chow diet for 8 weeks; Group Fru: high-fructose diet (60% fructose) for 8 weeks; Group Fru-HVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, high-dose calcitriol treatment (20 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding; and Group Fru-LVD: high-fructose diet as Group Fru, low-dose calcitriol treatment (10 ng / 100 g body weight per day) 4 weeks after the beginning of fructose feeding. Systolic blood pressure was measured twice a week by the tail-cuff method. Blood was examined for serum ionized calcium, phosphate, creatinine, glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Intra-peritoneal glucose intolerance test, aortic vascular reactivity, the weight of visceral fat pads, adipose size, and adipose angiotensin II levels were analyzed at the end of the study. The results showed that the fructose-fed rats significantly developed hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, heavier weight and larger adipose size of visceral fat pads, and raised adipose angiotensin II expressions compared with the control rats. High- and low-dose calcitriol reduced modestly systolic blood pressure, increased endothelium-dependent aortic relaxation, ameliorated glucose intolerance, reduced the weight and adipose size of visceral fat pads, and lowered adipose angiotensin II expressions in the fructose-fed rats. However, high-dose calcitriol treatment mildly increased serum ionized calcium levels (1.44 ± 0.05 mmol/L). These results suggest a protective role of calcitriol treatment on endothelial function, glucose tolerance, and visceral adiposity in fructose-fed rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Lin Chou
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yoong Pang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Tony J. F. Lee
- Institutes of Life Sciences, Pharmacology & Toxicology, and Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Te-Chao Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Oh J, Lee H, Lim H, Woo S, Shin SS, Yoon M. The herbal composition GGEx18 from Laminaria japonica, Rheum palmatum, and Ephedra sinica inhibits visceral obesity and insulin resistance by upregulating visceral adipose genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Pharm Biol 2015; 53:301-12. [PMID: 25243869 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.917328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The herbal composition Gyeongshingangjeehwan 18 (GGEx18) extracted from Rheum palmatum L. (Polygonaceae), Laminaria japonica Aresch (Laminariaceae), and Ephedra sinica Stapf (Ephedraceae) is traditionally used as an anti-obesity drug by local clinics in Korea. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of GGEx18 on visceral obesity and insulin resistance and determines the molecular mechanisms involved in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS After C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with GGEx18 (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) for 8 weeks and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with GGEx18 (0.1, 1, and 10 μg/ml); variables and determinants of visceral obesity and insulin resistance were measured using in vivo and in vitro approaches. RESULTS Administration of GGEx18 to obese mice decreased visceral adipose tissue weight with an ED50 value of 232 mg/kg. 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with GGEx18 showed a reduction in lipid accumulation with an ED50 value of 0.7 µg/ml. GGEx18 significantly increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes, including adiponectin, AMPKs, PPARα and its target enzymes, and CPT-1, in both mesenteric adipose tissues and 3T3-L1 cells. However, GGEx18 treatment decreased the mRNA levels of adipocyte marker genes such as PPARγ, aP2, TNFα, and leptin. GGEx18 normalized hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in obese mice. Blood glucose levels of GGEx18-treated mice were significantly reduced during oral glucose tolerance tests compared with obese controls. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results suggest that GGEx18 may treat visceral obesity and visceral obesity-related insulin resistance by upregulating the visceral adipose expression of fatty acid oxidative genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Mokwon University , Daejeon , Korea and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Russo GT, Labate AM, Giandalia A, Romeo EL, Villari P, Alibrandi A, Perdichizzi G, Cucinotta D. Twelve-month treatment with Liraglutide ameliorates Visceral Adiposity Index and common cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes outpatients. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:81-9. [PMID: 25173876 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM In addition to the effects on glycemic control and body weight, GLP-1 receptor agonists may favorably affect other major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, although currently available data are still sparse. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the effects of 12-month treatment with liraglutide on major CVD risk factors in 115 type 2 diabetes outpatients (60 men and 55 women), on stable hypoglycemic, anti-hypertensive and/or lipid-lowering therapy. METHODS Clinical and anthropometric data, metabolic and lipid profile, as well as the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), an obesity-related CVD risk factor, were measured in all participants at baseline and after 12-month treatment. RESULTS Treatment with liraglutide was associated with a significant reduction from baseline values of fasting blood glucose (-42.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05), HbA1c (-1.5 %, -17 mmol/mol, P < 0.05), body weight (-7.1 kg, P < 0.05), waist circumference (-6.8 cm, P < 0.001), total-cholesterol (-27.4 mg/dl, P < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (-25.4 mg/dl, P < 0.05), triglycerides (-56.1 mg/dl, P < 0.05), and non-HDL-C (-36.6 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and an increase of HDL-cholesterol concentrations (+9.3 mg/dl, P < 0.001), a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-14.7 mmHg, P < 0.001 and -9.0 mmHg, P < 0.05, respectively) and a decrease of VAI values (-1.6, P < 0.001). All these differences were independent of changes in BMI and comparable in men and women. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, 12-month treatment with liraglutide in add-on to on-going hypoglycemic therapy significantly ameliorates all major CVD risk factors and reduces cardiometabolic risk, as estimated by VAI values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G T Russo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy.
| | - A M Labate
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - A Giandalia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - E L Romeo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - P Villari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - A Alibrandi
- Department of Economical, Business and Environmental Sciences and Quantitative Methods, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - G Perdichizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy
| | - D Cucinotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, University of Messina, Via C. Valeria, 98121, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pligovka VM. [Rational therapy of patients with essential hypertension and abdominal obesity with concomitant subclinical hypothyroidism]. Lik Sprava 2014:97-101. [PMID: 25528843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It was determined the characteristics of lipid status of patients with essential hypertension, abdominal obesity with concomitant subclinical hypothyroidism--mostly increased levels of total and LDL cholesterol. In assessing the effectiveness of statin therapy in combination with levothyroxine replacement therapy compared with statin monotherapy, combination therapy showed the best result in terms of achievement of target levels of both total cholesterol and LDL. The obtained results allow us to recommend the use of combination therapy for patients with hypertension, abdominal obesity with concomitant subclinical hypothyroidism in order to achieve the target values of LDL and thus to reduce the cardiovascular risk of these patients.
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen M, Deng D, Fang Z, Xu M, Hu H, Luo L, Wang Y. Fenofibrate increases serum vaspin by upregulating its expression in adipose tissue. Endocrine 2014; 45:409-21. [PMID: 23918212 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0023-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α that has been clinically used to treat dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying fenofibrate action, we investigated whether fenofibrate affects serum levels of vaspin, an adipocytokine that has recently been shown to link obesity and insulin resistance. Fenofibrate treatment significantly increased serum vaspin levels of dyslipidemic patients, which correlated with reduced body weight and increased insulin sensitivity. To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms of fenofibrate action, we investigated the effect of fenofibrate on vaspin mRNA and protein expressions in obese rats. Fenofibrate greatly increased vaspin mRNA and protein levels in visceral adipose tissue consisting of retroperitoneal, mesenteric, and periepididymal adipose tissue but not in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, which correlated with increased serum vaspin levels and increased insulin sensitivity in obese rats. Consistent with a direct effect on vaspin expression, fenofibrate treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of vaspin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Together, our results demonstrate for the first time that fenofibrate upregulates vaspin expression in dyslipidemic human subjects and suggest that upregulation of vaspin expression in adipocytes may provide a mechanism by which fenofibrate improves insulin sensitivity in dyslipidemic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Chen
- Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mkrtumian AM, Markova TN, Kichigin VA, Podachina SV, Zhuchkova SM. [Efficacy of metformin in abdominal obesity]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2014; 86:80-84. [PMID: 25306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of metformin on metabolic parameters, body weight (BW), and waist circumference (WC) in patients with abdominal obesity (AO). SUBJECTS AND METHODS The results of using metformin 2000 mg daily for 3 months in 46 patients with AO. The comparison group consisted of 50 people. BW, WC, and blood pressure (BP) were measured; lipid profile parameters and blood insulin concentrations were determined; and Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) estimates were calculated. Metabolic syndrome (MS) and AO were judged by the 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. RESULTS The study and comparison groups showed were reductions in BW by 4.2 and 1.7 kg and in WC by 4.2 and 1.1 cm, respectively. Metformin used in the patients with AO contributed to a more significant improvement in the lipid profile than in those who received no medication. A decrease in the HOMA index was observed only in the metformin group. The effects of the drug were more pronounced in MS and insulin resistance. The use of metformin in the patients with AO decreased lower BW and HOMA index and improved lipid metabolism even in the absence of MS. CONCLUSION The trial has demonstrated that the people with AO may take metformin could be used in to reduce BW and WC and to treat and prevent MS.
Collapse
|
31
|
Medvedev IN, Briukhovetskiĭ AG. [The use of verospiron and the degree of platelet aggregation in arterial hypertension with abdominal obesity]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:50-53. [PMID: 25269197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Comparative analysis of effects of hypothiazide and verospiron on platelet aggregation in patients with arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hypothiazide and verospiron were prescribed to 28 and 23 patients respectively for 16 weeks. The parameters estimated included dynamics of blood lipid profile, lipid peroxidation in plasma and platelets, antioxidant protection of the blood liquid fraction and platelets, platelet aggregation. The results were treated with the use of Student's t-test. RESULTS Verospiron had positive influence on peroxidation syndrome and platelet aggregation. Its prolonged application maintained the achieved effect. Hypothiazide did not change the parameters of interest. CONCLUSION Combined verospiron and non-medicamental therapy is recommended to reduce body mass in patients with arterial hypertension and abdominal obesity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Andreeva AA. [Dynamics the level of visfatin and markers of immune inflammation in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity using the combination of antihypertensive therapy]. Georgian Med News 2013:72-77. [PMID: 24423680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Today is actively discussing the impact of the new adipocytokin visfatin on the processes of atherosclerosis and inflammation. In this regard, of particular interest is a contingent of patients with hypertension in combination with abdominal obesity (AO). According to the patient should receive an adequate selection of antihypertensive therapy in connection with common pathology. The aim of the study was improved the treatment of hypertensive patients combined with abdominal obesity, which based on determining the level of visfatin and markers of immune inflammation. There were 64 patients which separated on the 1st group of hypertensive patients (n=28), 2d hypertensive with AO (n=36) and the 3d group of 19 healthy individuals. Patients matched for age and sex. All patients were determined in serum the level of visfatin («RayBioteeh», USA) interleukin-6 (IL -6) ("Vector -Best", Russia) interleukin-4 (IL-4) ("Vector -Best ", Russian) and C -reactive protein (CRP) («DRG International Inc.», USA) - ELISA. The treatment was carrying out with a combination of antihypertensive therapy: angiotensin receptor blocker-II of olmesartan medoxomil (10-20 mg dose once daily) with a calcium antagonist amlodipine (5-10 mg once a day) as hypertensive patients with AO, and without. It was noted the achievement of target blood pressure in both groups. On the antihypertensive therapy the 1st group in serum the level of IL-6 and CRP was significantly decreased by 48.7% and 60,6% (p <0,05). Whereas in the 2nd group there were a statistically significant reduction in the level of IL-6 and CRP in serum by 43.6% and 63.4% and detected statistically significant change in the level of serum visfatin 37.3%, respectively (p <0,05). The level of IL-4 in serum was increased in the 1st and 2nd groups by 29.7% and 11.6%, respectively (p>0.05). Conducted combination of antihypertensive therapy reducing the level of visfatin in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity. As well, as has contributed to the target blood pressure and reduce inflammation in both groups.
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim CM, Yi SJ, Cho IJ, Ku SK. Red-koji fermented red ginseng ameliorates high fat diet-induced metabolic disorders in mice. Nutrients 2013; 5:4316-32. [PMID: 24177708 PMCID: PMC3847732 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of medicinal herbs improves their pharmacological efficacy. In this study, we investigated the effects of red-koji fermented red ginseng (fRG) on high-fat diet (HFD)-mediated metabolic disorders, and those effects were compared to those of non-fermented red ginseng (RG). fRG (500, 250 or 125 mg/kg), RG (250 mg/kg), simvastatin (10 mg/kg), silymarin (100 mg/kg) and metformin (250 mg/kg) were orally administered from 1 week after initiation of HFD supply for 84 days. The diameter of adipocytes in periovarian and abdominal fat pads and the thickness of the abdominal fat were significantly decreased by fRG treatment, while HFD-mediated weight gain was partly alleviated by fRG in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, biochemical and histomorphometrical analyses clearly indicated that fRG significantly inhibited HFD-induced metabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hepatopathy and nephropathy in a dose-dependent manner. More favorable pharmacological effects on HFD-mediated metabolic disorders were also observed with fRG compared to an equal dose of RG. This finding provides direct evidence that the pharmacological activities of RG were enhanced by red-koji fermentation, and fRG could be a neutraceutical resource for the alleviation of obesity-mediated metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Man Kim
- Department of Science Education, College of Education, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-714, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Seong Joon Yi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Il Je Cho
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.J.C.); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1549; Fax: +82-53-819-1436
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- MRC-GHF, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongsangbuk-do 712-715, Korea
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (I.J.C.); (S.K.K.); Tel.: +82-53-819-1549; Fax: +82-53-819-1436
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Azushima K, Tamura K, Wakui H, Maeda A, Ohsawa M, Uneda K, Kobayashi R, Kanaoka T, Dejima T, Fujikawa T, Yamashita A, Toya Y, Umemura S. Bofu-tsu-shosan, an oriental herbal medicine, exerts a combinatorial favorable metabolic modulation including antihypertensive effect on a mouse model of human metabolic disorders with visceral obesity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75560. [PMID: 24130717 PMCID: PMC3794018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic dysfunction with visceral obesity is a major medical problem associated with the development of hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and dyslipidemia, and ultimately severe cardiovascular and renal disease. Therefore, an effective anti-obesity treatment with a concomitant improvement in metabolic profile is important for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction with visceral obesity. Bofu-tsu-shosan (BOF) is one of oriental herbal medicine and is clinically available to treat obesity in Japan. Although BOF is a candidate as a novel therapeutic strategy to improve metabolic dysfunction with obesity, the mechanism of its beneficial effect is not fully elucidated. Here, we investigated mechanism of therapeutic effects of BOF on KKAy mice, a model of human metabolic disorders with obesity. Chronic treatment of KKAy mice with BOF persistently decreased food intake, body weight gain, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and systolic blood pressure. In addition, both tissue weight and cell size of white adipose tissue (WAT) were decreased, with concomitant increases in the expression of adiponectin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors genes in WAT as well as the circulating adiponectin level by BOF treatment. Furthermore, gene expression of uncoupling protein-1, a thermogenesis factor, in brown adipose tissue and rectal temperature were both elevated by BOF. Intriguingly, plasma acylated-ghrelin, an active form of orexigenic hormone, and short-term food intake were significantly decreased by single bolus administration of BOF. These results indicate that BOF exerts a combinatorial favorable metabolic modulation including antihypertensive effect, at least partially, via its beneficial effect on adipose tissue function and its appetite-inhibitory property through suppression on the ghrelin system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinobu Maeda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Dejima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bredella MA, Gerweck AV, Lin E, Landa MG, Torriani M, Schoenfeld DA, Hemphill LC, Miller KK. Effects of GH on body composition and cardiovascular risk markers in young men with abdominal obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:3864-72. [PMID: 23824419 PMCID: PMC3763970 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Visceral adiposity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk and decreased GH secretion. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effects of GH administration in abdominally obese young men on body composition, including liver fat, mitochondrial function, and cardiovascular (CV) risk markers. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This was a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 62 abdominally obese men (IGF-1 below the mean, no exclusion based on GH level), 21 to 45 years of age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated abdominal fat depots, thigh muscle and fat (computed tomography), fat and lean mass (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), intramyocellular and intrahepatic lipids (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy), mitochondrial function (dynamic phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy), CV risk markers, carotid intimal-medial thickness, and endothelial function. RESULTS GH administration resulted in a mean IGF-1 SD score increase from -1.9 ± 0.08 to -0.2 ± 0.3 in the GH group and a decrease in visceral adipose tissue (VAT), VAT/sc adipose tissue, trunk/extremity fat, intrahepatic lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and apolipoprotein B/low-density lipoprotein vs placebo after controlling for the increase in weight observed in both groups. There were inverse associations between change in IGF-1 levels and change in VAT, VAT/sc adipose tissue, trunk fat, trunk/extremity fat, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and apolipoprotein B. Mitochondrial function improved in the GH group compared with placebo after controlling for change in glucose. There was no change in thigh fat, muscle mass, intramyocellular lipids, cholesterol, fibrinogen, intimal-medial thickness, or endothelial function. There was no increase in fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c in the GH vs placebo group, although glucose during the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test increased slightly. CONCLUSION GH replacement in abdominally obese men improves body composition, including liver fat, mitochondrial function, and markers of CV risk. Although fasting glucose was unchanged, a slight increase in 2-hour glucose during an oral glucose tolerance test was noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Makimura H, Feldpausch MN, Rope AM, Hemphill LC, Torriani M, Lee H, Grinspoon SK. Metabolic effects of a growth hormone-releasing factor in obese subjects with reduced growth hormone secretion: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:4769-79. [PMID: 23015655 PMCID: PMC3513535 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-2794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is associated with reduced GH secretion and increased cardiovascular disease risk. OBJECTIVE We performed this study to determine the effects of augmenting endogenous GH secretion on body composition and cardiovascular disease risk indices in obese subjects with reduced GH secretion. DESIGN, PATIENTS AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed involving 60 abdominally obese subjects with reduced GH secretion. Subjects received tesamorelin, a GHRH(1-44) analog, 2 mg once daily, or placebo for 12 months. Abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was assessed by abdominal computed tomography scan, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was assessed by ultrasound. Treatment effect was determined by longitudinal linear mixed-effects modeling. RESULTS VAT [-16 ± 9 vs.19 ± 9 cm(2), tesamorelin vs. placebo; treatment effect (95% confidence interval): -35 (-58, -12) cm(2); P = 0.003], cIMT (-0.03 ± 0.01 vs. 0.01 ± 0.01 mm; -0.04 (-0.07, -0.01) mm; P = 0.02), log C-reactive protein (-0.17 ± 0.04 vs. -0.03 ± 0.05 mg/liter; -0.15 (-0.30, -0.01) mg/liter, P = 0.04), and triglycerides (-26 ± 16 vs. 12 ± 8 mg/dl; -37 (-67, -7) mg/dl; P = 0.02) improved significantly in the tesamorelin group vs. placebo. No significant effects on abdominal sc adipose tissue (-6 ± 6 vs. 3 ± 11 cm(2); -10 (-32, +13) cm(2); P = 0.40) were seen. IGF-I increased (86 ± 21 vs. -6 ± 8 μg/liter; 92 (+52, +132) μg/liter; P < 0.0001). No changes in fasting, 2-h glucose, or glycated hemoglobin were seen. There were no serious adverse events or differences in adverse events between the groups. CONCLUSION Among obese subjects with relative reductions in GH, tesamorelin selectively reduces VAT without significant effects on sc adipose tissue and improves triglycerides, C-reactive protein, and cIMT, without aggravating glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Makimura
- Program in Nutritional Metabolism and Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pu P, Wang XA, Salim M, Zhu LH, Wang L, Chen KJ, Xiao JF, Deng W, Shi HW, Jiang H, Li HL. Baicalein, a natural product, selectively activating AMPKα(2) and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 362:128-38. [PMID: 22698522 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of baicalein on metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat diet in mice. The mice developed obesity, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and insulin resistance. These disorders were effectively normalized in baicalein-treated mice. Further investigation revealed that the inhibitory effect on inflammation and insulin resistance was mediated by inhibition of the MAPKs pathway and activation of the IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway. The lipid-lowering effect was attributed to the blocking of synthesis way mediated by SERBP-1c, PPARγ and the increased fatty acid oxidation. All of these effects depended on AMPKα activation. These results were confirmed in the primary hepatocytes from wild type and AMPKα(2)(-/-) mice. However, the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway showed no change, which may be due to the time of stimulation and concentration. Thus, these data suggested that baicalein protects mice from metabolic syndrome through an AMPKα(2)-dependent mechanism involving multiple intracellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nielsen MS, Gammelmark A, Madsen T, Obel T, Aardestrup I, Schmidt EB. The effect of low-dose marine n-3 fatty acids on the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites in overweight subjects: a randomized controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2012; 87:43-8. [PMID: 22748976 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Revised: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have a variety of anti-inflammatory properties. This study evaluated the effect of n-3 PUFA in a low, but recommended cardioprotective dosage on the formation of 5-lipoxygenase pathway metabolites in overweight subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty subjects were randomized to 1.1g of n-3 PUFA or olive oil for 6 weeks. RESULTS Leukotriene B(4) formation decreased by 14% in the n-3 PUFA group which proved to be significant within the group (p=0.005) but not between groups (p=0.25). The formation of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) did not differ significantly between the groups. In the n-3 PUFA group, both 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic (5-HEPE) acid and leukotriene B(5) increased significantly compared to the control group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION In conclusion, we did not observe any significant net anti-inflammatory effect on the 5-lipoxygenase pathway from a daily supplement of 1.1g marine n-3 PUFA for 6 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bogdanski P, Suliburska J, Grabanska K, Musialik K, Cieslewicz A, Skoluda A, Jablecka A. Effect of 3-month L-arginine supplementation on insulin resistance and tumor necrosis factor activity in patients with visceral obesity. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16:816-823. [PMID: 22913215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), one of the adipose tissue products, in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance is well-documented. Many recent studies have shown beneficial influence of L-arginine supplementation on cardiovascular system. However, molecular mechanisms of its positive actions are not fully elucidated. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of L-arginine supplementation on tumor necrosis factor alpha, insulin resistance and selected anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with visceral obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS 60 patients with visceral obesity were randomly assigned to either receive 9 g of L-arginine or placebo for 3 months. 20 healthy lean subjects were used as control. Selected anthropometrical measurements and blood biochemical analyses were performed at baseline and after 3-months. TNF-alpha and its soluble receptor 2 (sTNFR2) were assessed in both treated groups. Insulin resistance in the participants was evaluated according to the homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) protocol. RESULTS The concentration of insulin, TNF-a and sTNFR2 and HOMA-IR level in both obese groups significantly exceeded these observed in the control. Basal TNF-alpha and sTNFR2 concentrations were positively correlated with basal body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent of body fat and HOMA-IR. We found that 3-month L-arginine supplementation resulted in significant decrease of HOMA-IR and insulin concentration. Only insignificant tendency to decrease of TNF-alpha and sTNFR2 was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm TNF-alpha role in the complex pathogenesis of insulin resistance in patients with visceral obesity. 3-months L-arginine supplementation in a dose of 9 g improves insulin sensitivity in patients with visceral obesity with no impact on tumor necrosis factor alpha concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Bogdanski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Metabolic Disorders and Hypertension, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Park JB, Wang TTY. Safflomide increases the expression of adiponectin in vitro and in vivo: potential implication for hypoadiponectemia, visceral obesity, and insulin resistance. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:4048-4052. [PMID: 22428927 DOI: 10.1021/jf2044108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Safflomide (N-caffeoyltryptamine) is a phenolic amide with serotonin receptor antagonist and antioxidant activities. We investigated the potential effects of safflomide on the expression of adipokines in vitro and in vivo. Safflomide did not affect the expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1/CCL2 in hypertrophic 3T3-L1 cells but upregulated adiponectin mRNA 1-5-fold at concentrations between 1 and 20 μM (p < 0.05). Because safflomide is a non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist and because the expression of 5-HT2A receptor is often inversely correlated to adiponectin expression, the potential effects of 5-HT receptor antagonist activity of safflomide on the expression of adiponectin was further investigated in 3T3-L1 cells. At the concentration of 10 μM, safflomide was able to increase adiponectin protein production in 3T3-L1 cells more than 4-fold (p < 0.05), which was greater than the 5-HT2A antagonist ketanserin. The upregulation was partially suppressed by treatment with 5-HT2A agonists (serotonin and α-Me-5-HT), suggesting that safflomide may upregulate adiponectin expression more than by blocking 5-HT2A receptors in 3T3-L1 cells. Likely, the upregulation was also attributed to the antioxidant activity of safflomide because two safflomide analogues (N-cinnamoyltryptamine and N-coumaroyltryptamine) with less antioxidant activity were not as potent as safflomide. Rats supplemented with safflomide (3 mg/day) in a high-fat diet showed a significant plasma adiponectin increase (more than 30%) with a significant reduction in body weight, visceral fat, and improved insulin resistance compared to non-supplemented rats, demonstrating the in vivo activity of safflomide. These data suggest that safflomide may have beneficial effects on obesity-related conditions, such as low adiponectin, visceral obesity, and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae B Park
- Diet, Genomics, and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center (BHNRC), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Based on the role of polycystic ovary syndrome as a cause of metabolic syndrome with chronic anovulation, obesity, hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism, development of effective treatment for its obesity is a priority. MATERIALS/METHODS We designed a study, involving 52 patients of 19-36 years of age, to test the pioglitazone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Subjects were assigned to receive pioglitazone for 3 months. Body mass index, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured before and after 3 months of pioglitazone prescription. RESULTS Fifty patients completed the study. No complication reported during the study period. Waist circumference, hip circumference and waist to height ratio decreased significantly. Body weight and body mass index increased. No significant improvement was seen in acne, acanthosis, hirsutism and menstrual irregularities. CONCLUSION Pioglitazone has beneficial effects on central obesity of the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome but other clinical consequences of the syndrome may not improve with the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Asadipooya
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Retnakaran R, Ye C, Hanley AJ, Harris SB, Zinman B. Discordant effects on central obesity, hepatic insulin resistance, and alanine aminotransferase of low-dose metformin and thiazolidinedione combination therapy in patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:91-3. [PMID: 21812893 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01481.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) predicts incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM), possibly reflecting early fatty liver and hepatic insulin resistance. Thiazolidinediones and metformin can improve fatty liver and hepatic insulin resistance, respectively. In the Canadian Normoglycemia Outcome Evaluation trial, rosiglitazone/metformin (Rosi/Met, 4/1000 mg) reduced incident T2DM by 66% in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. For insight on the hepatic effects of this therapy in relation to T2DM, we evaluated the temporal changes in waist, hepatic insulin sensitivity (1/Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) and ALT in the Rosi/Met (n = 103) and placebo (n = 104) arms over median of 3.9 years. Waist did not differ between the arms. Hepatic insulin sensitivity improved in the Rosi/Met arm in year 1, but deteriorated thereafter as in the placebo arm. In contrast, Rosi/Met lowered ALT in year 1 and maintained this effect throughout the trial. Thus, low-dose Rosi/Met had no effect on central obesity, a transient effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity, and a sustained effect on ALT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Retnakaran
- Leadership Sinai Centre for Diabetes, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Hong JW, Park JK, Lim CY, Kim SW, Chung YS, Kim SW, Lee EJ. A weekly administered sustained-release growth hormone reduces visceral fat and waist circumference in abdominal obesity. Horm Metab Res 2011; 43:956-61. [PMID: 22072433 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1291246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Administration of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in obesity has been known to lead to a decrease in visceral adiposity and an increase in lean body mass. Most studies have used supraphysiological doses of rhGH, which were administered daily or every other day. We aimed to evaluate whether weekly administered low dose of sustained-release rhGH (SR-rhGH) could play a therapeutic role in the treatment of abdominal obesity. Prospective, single-arm, open-label, multicenter pilot study was carried out. Participants were 26 adults aged 40-65 years old with abdominal obesity (male: waist circumference >90 cm, female: waist circumference >85 cm). The subjects were given 3 mg of SR-rhGH, administered subcutaneously, weekly for 26 weeks. SR-rhGH treatment for 26 weeks increased the IGF-1 level by 56.53±76.09 μg/l (SDS 0.77±1.12) compared to the baseline (p=0.0022). After 26 weeks, SR-rhGH treatment reduced abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (140.35±75.97 to 128.43±73.85 cm2, p=0.0038). Average waist circumference decreased from 96.25±6.41 to 91.93±6.13 cm (p<0.0001) after treatment. However, body weight or lean body mass did not show any significant change. In conclusion, SR-rhGH treatment for 26 weeks reduced abdominal visceral fat and waist circumference without severe adverse events. Further studies may be considered on the role of weekly administered SR-rhGH as a treatment for abdominal obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Hong
- Endocrinology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Kunos G, Tam J. The case for peripheral CB₁ receptor blockade in the treatment of visceral obesity and its cardiometabolic complications. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1423-31. [PMID: 21434882 PMCID: PMC3165952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01352.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we consider the role of endocannabinoids and cannabinoid-1 (CB(1)) cannabinoid receptors in metabolic regulation and as mediators of the thrifty phenotype that underlies the metabolic syndrome. We survey the actions of endocannabinoids on food intake and body weight, as well as on the metabolic complications of visceral obesity, including fatty liver, insulin resistance and dyslipidemias. Special emphasis is placed on weighing the relative importance of CB(1) receptors located in peripheral tissues versus the central nervous system in mediating the metabolic effects of endocannabinoids. Finally, we review recent observations that indicate that peripherally restricted CB(1) receptor antagonists retain efficacy in reducing weight and improving metabolic abnormalities in mouse models of obesity without causing behavioural effects predictive of neuropsychiatric side effects in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Metabolic toxicities in HIV patients are common and contribute to clinical status and long-term sequelae. Body fat mass alterations, of multifactorial causes, continue to occur, despite use of antiretroviral drugs associated with fewer metabolic side-effects. The role of HIV itself in the development of these changes is being better defined and a deeper understanding of perturbations in intermediary metabolic processes is emerging. Treatment options are also being identified. RECENT FINDINGS HIV itself may be a direct causal factor in the accelerated atherosclerosis and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein that occur and contribute to increased cardiovascular complications. Antiretroviral drug-related and inflammation-related effects can cause mitochondrial toxicity and are an emerging area of research. The association of increased visceral adipose tissue with both drug-related and chronic inflammation-related factors is now better understood. The role of accelerated aging as a paradigm is useful to understand long-term outcome risks for patients. The use of growth hormone-releasing factor as a viable treatment option for increased visceral abdominal tissue has recently been confirmed for selected patients. SUMMARY Metabolic issues persist in HIV patients who are otherwise stable. Understanding the various inter-related contributing factors has allowed for rapid improvement in patients' clinical status, but long-term consequences are of concern and require ongoing investigation in order to prevent limiting the otherwise important clinical achievements that have recently occurred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Falutz
- McGill University Health Center, Immunodeficiency Treatment Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yarasheski KE, Cade WT, Overton ET, Mondy KE, Hubert S, Laciny E, Bopp C, Lassa-Claxton S, Reeds DN. Exercise training augments the peripheral insulin-sensitizing effects of pioglitazone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E243-51. [PMID: 20959530 PMCID: PMC3023206 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00468.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are higher in people treated for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) infection than in the general population. Identifying safe and effective interventions is a high priority. We evaluated whether the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ agonist pioglitazone with exercise training improves central and peripheral insulin sensitivity more than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. Forty-four HIV-infected adults with baseline insulin resistance and central adiposity were randomly assigned to 4 mo of pioglitazone (30 mg/day) with or without supervised, progressive aerobic, and resistance exercise training (1.5-2 h/day, 3 days/wk). The hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was used to evaluate alterations in central and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Thirty-nine participants completed the study. Hepatic insulin sensitivity improved similarly in both groups. Exercise training augmented the beneficial effects of pioglitazone on peripheral insulin sensitivity. Greater improvements in peripheral insulin sensitivity were associated with reductions in total body and limb adipose content rather than increases in limb adiposity or pioglitazone-induced increases in adiponectin concentration. We conclude that supplementing pioglitazone with increased physical activity improved insulin sensitivity more effectively than pioglitazone alone in HIV-infected adults with insulin resistance and central adiposity. Pioglitazone alone did not significantly increase limb adipose content. Potential cardiovascular benefits of these interventions in HIV need investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Yarasheski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ametov AS, Kamynina LL. [Efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of intestinal saccharases in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and/or visceral obesity]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2011; 83:76-81. [PMID: 21780663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of intestinal enzymes regulate carbohydrate metabolism reducing glycemic index, glycemic load of food and postprandial glycemia which is a prognostic factor of DM2-related cardiovascular complications and death. This class of drugs was proposed for DM2 treatment in 1970s but still holds perspectives. The article gives a detailed description of the mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amilase in experimental and clinical controlled trials.
Collapse
|
48
|
Falutz J, Mamputu JC, Potvin D, Moyle G, Soulban G, Loughrey H, Marsolais C, Turner R, Grinspoon S. Effects of tesamorelin (TH9507), a growth hormone-releasing factor analog, in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with excess abdominal fat: a pooled analysis of two multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 3 trials with safety extension data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4291-304. [PMID: 20554713 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT HIV patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) often develop increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT). OBJECTIVE Our objective was to perform a pooled analysis of two phase-3 studies of tesamorelin in ART-treated HIV patients with excess abdominal fat. DESIGN AND SETTING Two multicenter, international studies were conducted; a 26-wk randomized, placebo-controlled primary intervention phase was followed by a 26-wk safety extension. PATIENTS A total of 806 ART-treated HIV patients with excess abdominal fat were randomized in a 2:1 fashion to receive tesamorelin 2 mg (n = 543) or placebo (n = 263) sc daily. At wk 26, patients initially on tesamorelin were rerandomized to 2 mg tesamorelin (T-T group, n = 246) or placebo (T-P, n = 135) for an additional 26 wk, whereas patients on placebo were switched to tesamorelin (P-T, n = 197). INTERVENTIONS Tesamorelin (GHRH(1-44)) at a dose of 2 mg or identical placebo, sc, was given daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We evaluated percent change in VAT by computed tomography scan at wk 26. RESULTS At wk 26, VAT decreased significantly in tesamorelin-treated patients (-24 +/- 41 vs. 2 +/- 35 cm(2), tesamorelin vs. placebo, P < 0.001; treatment effect, -15.4%). No significant changes were observed in abdominal sc adipose tissue (-2 +/- 32 vs. 2 +/- 29 cm(2), P = 0.08; treatment effect, -0.6%). Treatment with tesamorelin resulted in significant decreases in triglycerides (-37 +/- 139 vs. 6 +/- 112 mg/dl, P < 0.001; treatment effect, -12.3%) and cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio (-0.18 +/- 1.00 vs. 0.18 +/- 0.94, P < 0.001; treatment effect, -7.2%) vs. placebo. Tesamorelin improved body image [belly appearance distress (P = 0.002)], patient rating of belly profile (P = 0.003), and physician rating of belly profile (P < 0.001). Mean IGF-I increased 108 +/- 112 vs.-7 +/- 64 ng/ml (P < 0.001 vs. placebo). At wk 52, decreases in VAT [-35 +/- 50 cm(2) (-17.5 +/- 23.3%)], waist circumference (-3.4 +/- 6.0 cm), triglycerides (-48 +/- 182 mg/dl), cholesterol (-8 +/- 38 mg/dl), and non-high-density lipoprotein (-7 +/- 38 mg/dl) were maintained (all P < 0.001 vs. original baseline) in the T-T group. Treatment with tesamorelin was generally well tolerated. No clinically meaningful differences were observed between groups in glucose parameters at wk 26 and 52. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with tesamorelin reduces VAT and maintains the reduction for up to 52 wk, preserves abdominal sc adipose tissue, improves body image and lipids, and is overall well tolerated without clinically meaningful changes in glucose parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Falutz
- Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal H3G 1A4, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rao MN, Mulligan K, Tai V, Wen MJ, Dyachenko A, Weinberg M, Li X, Lang T, Grunfeld C, Schwarz JM, Schambelan M. Effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I/IGF-binding protein-3 treatment on glucose metabolism and fat distribution in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:4361-6. [PMID: 20610601 PMCID: PMC2936071 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2009-2502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy are at increased risk for excess visceral adiposity and insulin resistance. Treatment with GH decreases visceral adiposity but worsens glucose metabolism. IGF-I, which mediates many of the effects of GH, improves insulin sensitivity in HIV-negative individuals. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine whether IGF-I, complexed to its major binding protein, IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), improves glucose metabolism and alters body fat distribution in HIV-infected patients with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. METHODS We conducted a pilot, open-label study in 13 HIV-infected men with excess abdominal adiposity and insulin resistance to assess the effect of 3 months of treatment with IGF-I/IGFBP-3 on glucose metabolism and fat distribution. Glucose metabolism was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Endogenous glucose production (EGP), gluconeogenesis, whole-body lipolysis, and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) were measured with stable isotope infusions. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography scan. RESULTS Glucose tolerance improved and insulin-mediated glucose uptake increased significantly during treatment. EGP increased under fasting conditions, and suppression of EGP by insulin was blunted. Fasting triglycerides decreased significantly in association with a decrease in hepatic DNL. Lean body mass increased and total body fat decreased, whereas visceral adipose tissue did not change. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with IGF-I/IGFBP-3 improved whole-body glucose uptake and glucose tolerance, while increasing hepatic glucose production. Fasting triglycerides improved, reflecting decreased DNL, and visceral adiposity was unchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu N Rao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Rong X, Li Y, Ebihara K, Zhao M, Naowaboot J, Kusakabe T, Kuwahara K, Murray M, Nakao K. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor-independent beneficial effects of telmisartan on dietary-induced obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver in mice. Diabetologia 2010; 53:1727-31. [PMID: 20390403 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Evidence suggests that telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1) blocker and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma partial agonist, has beneficial actions that limit development of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. However, the role played by AT1 inhibition in metabolic effects elicited by telmisartan remains uncertain. Here we isolated the metabolic effects of telmisartan from AT1 antagonism. METHODS Male At1a (also known as Agtr1a)-deficient mice were fed a standard diet or 60% high-fat diet; those on high-fat diet were co-administered telmisartan (3 mg kg(-1) day(-1) by oral gavage) or vehicle for 12 weeks. RESULTS In At1a-null mice, telmisartan prevented high-fat-diet-induced increases in (1) body weight, epididymal and inguinal white adipose tissue weight, adipocyte size and plasma leptin concentration; (2) plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA index; and (3) liver weight and triacylglycerol content. Insulin tolerance testing also indicated that telmisartan improved the high-fat-diet-induced reduction of glucose-lowering by insulin. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present findings demonstrate beneficial, AT1-independent effects of the AT1 blocker telmisartan on dietary-induced obesity, insulin resistance and fatty liver in animals.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers
- Animals
- Benzimidazoles/administration & dosage
- Benzoates/administration & dosage
- Blood Glucose/analysis
- Cell Size
- Diet, High-Fat
- Fatty Liver/drug therapy
- Fatty Liver/pathology
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin Resistance
- Leptin/blood
- Lipids/analysis
- Liver/chemistry
- Liver/pathology
- Male
- Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Skeletal/chemistry
- Obesity, Abdominal/drug therapy
- Obesity, Abdominal/etiology
- Organ Size
- PPAR gamma/agonists
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/physiology
- Telmisartan
- Triglycerides/analysis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Rong
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|