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Wang J, Ding R, Ouyang T, Gao H, Kan H, Li Y, Hu Q, Yang Y. Systematic investigation of the mechanism of herbal medicines for the treatment of prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:1004-1024. [PMID: 36795572 PMCID: PMC10008508 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to various unpleasant side effects and general ineffectiveness of current treatments for prostate cancer (PCa), more and more people with PCa try to look for complementary and alternative medicine such as herbal medicine. However, since herbal medicine has multi-components, multi-targets and multi-pathways features, its underlying molecular mechanism of action is not yet known and still needs to be systematically explored. Presently, a comprehensive approach consisting of bibliometric analysis, pharmacokinetic assessment, target prediction and network construction is firstly performed to obtain PCa-related herbal medicines and their corresponding candidate compounds and potential targets. Subsequently, a total of 20 overlapping genes between DEGs in PCa patients and the target genes of the PCa-related herbs, as well as five hub genes, i.e., CCNA2, CDK2, CTH, DPP4 and SRC were determined employing bioinformatics analysis. Further, the roles of these hub genes in PCa were also investigated through survival analysis and tumour immunity analysis. Moreover, to validate the reliability of the C-T interactions and to further explore the binding modes between ingredients and their targets, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out. Finally, based on the modularization of the biological network, four signaling pathways, i.e., PI3K-Akt, MAPK, p53 and cell cycle were integrated to further analyze the therapeutic mechanism of PCa-related herbal medicine. All the results show the mechanism of action of herbal medicines on treating PCa from the molecular to systematic levels, providing a reference for the treatment of complex diseases using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China
| | - Ran Ding
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Honglei Gao
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hongxing Kan
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qiongying Hu
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinfeng Yang
- School of Medical Informatics Engineering, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Wei J, Fan S, Yu H, Shu L, Li Y. A New Strategy for the Rapid Identification and Validation of the Direct Targets of Aconitine-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4649-4664. [PMID: 34803375 PMCID: PMC8599306 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s335461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction of small molecules with direct targets constitutes the molecular initiation events of drug efficacy and toxicity. Aconitine, an active compound of the Aconitum species, has various pharmacological effects but is strongly toxic to the heart. The direct targets of aconitine-induced cardiotoxicity remain unclear. Methods We predicted the toxic targets of aconitine based on network pharmacology and followed a novel proteomic approach based on the "drug affinity responsive target stability" technology combined with LC-MS/MS to identify the direct targets of aconitine. The identified targets were analysed from the perspective of multilevel and multidimensional bioinformatics through a network integration method. The binding sites were investigated via molecular docking to explore the toxicity mechanism and predict the direct targets of aconitine. Finally, atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging was performed to verify the affinity of aconitine to the direct targets. Results PTGS2, predicted by network pharmacology as a toxic target, encodes cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which is closely related to myocardial injury. Furthermore, cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is the upstream signal protein of PTGS2, and it is a key enzyme in the metabolism of arachidonic acid during an inflammatory response. We determined cPLA2 as a direct target, and AFM imaging verified that aconitine could bind to cPLA2 well; thus, aconitine may cause the expression of PTGS2/COX-2 and release inflammatory factors, thereby promoting myocardial injury and dysfunction. Conclusion We developed a complete set of methods to predict and verify the direct targets of aconitine, and cPLA2 was identified as one. Overall, the novel strategy provides new insights into the discovery of direct targets and the molecular mechanism of toxic components that are found in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Simiao Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxin Yu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lexin Shu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Balázs K, Antal L, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33924671 PMCID: PMC8070149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (L.A.); (G.S.)
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Fan L, Li H, Wang W. Long non-coding RNA PRRT3-AS1 silencing inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis and autophagy. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:793-808. [PMID: 32086850 DOI: 10.1113/ep088011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the role of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 in the regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) gene-mediated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of prostate cancer cells? What is the main finding and its importance? The targeting relation between lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 and PPARγ was verified, and it was demonstrated that silencing of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 can upregulate apoptosis and autophagy yet downregulate proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells through the mTOR signalling pathway. Further work is needed to consolidate the therapeutic value of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 in clinical trials and treatment of prostate cancer. ABSTRACT Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are correlated with multiple cancers, their molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer (PC) remain inadequately understood. This study investigated the effects of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 on the progression of prostate cancer (PC) with involvement of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Microarray analysis was used to identify the differentially expressed genes and lncRNAs associated with PC. RT-qPCR and western blot analysis were employed to test the expression of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway-, apoptosis- and autophagy-related genes. A scratch test, Transwell assay, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry and monodansylcadaverine staining were employed to identify the migration, invasion, proliferation activity, cell cycle and apoptosis and autophagy of PC3 cells, respectively. Tumorigenicity assays in nude mice were used to detect the tumorigenic ability. GSE55945 and GSE46602 datasets indicated that lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 was highly expressed in PC. PPARγ was predicted as a target gene of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1. Ectopic overexpression of PPARγ or lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 silencing led to inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and accelerated apoptosis. Furthermore, the delivery of si-PRRT3-AS1 or PPARγ vector to PC3 cells resulted in the regression of xenografts in nude mice. Based on the in vitro and in vivo experiments, silencing of lncRNA PRRT3-AS1 was observed to activate the PPARγ gene, which in turn could inhibit PC cell proliferation and promote apoptosis and autophagy by blocking the mTOR signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Urology, China and Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Urology, China and Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Urology, China and Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, P.R. China
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Kim IJ, Kim SH, Cha DH, Lim SW, Moon JY, Kim JO, Ryu CS, Park HS, Sung JH, Kim NK. Association of COX2 -765G>C promoter polymorphism and coronary artery disease in Korean population. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1055-1062. [PMID: 31165994 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00835-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) plays a role in the formation of prostaglandins, which contribute to the inflammation involved in atherosclerosis. However, the role of the COX2 -765G>C polymorphism in susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) is controversial. OBJECTIVE To identify the association between COX2 -765G>C polymorphism with CAD risk in Korean patients. We recruited 622 patients who were diagnosed to have coronary artery disease and 202 controls who did not have history and vascular disease risk factors. METHODS Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, the COX2 -765G>C polymorphism was analyzed in 622 Korean patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention and in 202 healthy control subjects. RESULTS The GC+CC genotype frequencies of the -765G>C polymorphism were significantly different between the CAD and control groups. The COX2 -765G>C polymorphism showed peculiar associations with CAD according to the presence of hyperlipidemia and plasma folate levels. However, there were no associations between the -765G>C polymorphism and the rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or homocysteine levels. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the COX2 -765G>C polymorphism is a possible genetic determinant for the risk of CAD, and an individual risk factor in Koreans. Thus, further association studies between the COX2 polymorphism and atherosclerotic-related diseases such as cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases in other races or ethnicities will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Jai Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Kim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Cha
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Sang Wook Lim
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Jae Youn Moon
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea
| | - Jung Oh Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Sung
- Department of Cardiology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, School of Medicine, CHA University, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13497, South Korea.
| | - Nam Keun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13488, South Korea.
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Li Q, Ma C, Zhang Z, Chen S, Zhi W, Zhang L, Zhang G, Shi L, Cao F, Ma T. Association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) 8473 T > C polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:847. [PMID: 30143023 PMCID: PMC6109290 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between COX-2 8473 T > C polymorphism and cancer susceptibility, however, the results remain controversial. Therefore, we carried out the present meta-analysis to obtain a more accurate assessment of this potential association. Methods In this meta-analysis, 79 case-control studies were included with a total of 38,634 cases and 55,206 controls. We searched all relevant articles published in PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang Data, till September 29, 2017. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the strength of the association. We performed subgroup analysis according to ethnicity, source of controls, genotyping method and cancer type. Moreover, Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was implemented to decrease the risk of type I error and estimate whether the current evidence of the results was sufficient and conclusive. Results Overall, our results indicated that 8473 T > C polymorphism was not associated with cancer susceptibility. However, stratified analysis showed that the polymorphism was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk for nasopharyngeal cancer and bladder cancer, but an increased risk for esophageal cancer and skin cancer. Interestingly, TSA demonstrated that the evidence of the result was sufficient in this study. Conclusion No significant association between COX-2 8473 T > C polymorphism and cancer risk was detected. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4753-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Weiguo Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Guoyao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China
| | - Tianjiang Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Luohe Central Hospital, Luohe First People's Hospital, No. 56 People's East Road, Luohe City, 462000, Henan Province, China.
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Dell'Atti L. Correlation between Prolonged Use of Aspirin and Prognostic Risk in Prostate Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1660.18156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucio Dell'Atti
- Department of Urology, University Hospital S Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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Fawzy MS, Elfayoumi AR, Mohamed RH, Fatah IRA, Saadawy SF. Cyclooxygenase 2 (rs2745557) Polymorphism and the Susceptibility to Benign Prostate Hyperplasia and Prostate Cancer in Egyptians. Biochem Genet 2016; 54:326-336. [PMID: 26920155 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-016-9722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase, has been reported to be correlated with tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. We aimed to evaluate the association between COX-2 (rs2745557) polymorphism and prostate cancer (PCa), benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) risk. We also assessed the influence of other risk factors such as obesity, smoking, diabetes in modulating the risk of PCa in Egyptian men. COX-2 (rs2745557) was genotyped in 112 PC patients, 111 BPH and 120 subjects as a control group. COX-2 and PSA levels were measured by ELISA. We found that GG genotype was associated with a 17-fold increased risk for PCa and 20-fold increased the risk for BPH more than AA genotype. Also, G allele carriers of COX-2 were associated with metastatic cancer (OR = 1.3, P < 0.05) and disease aggressiveness (OR = 3.5, P < 0.001). The coexistence of obesity, smoking, or diabetes with GG genotype may lead to increasing the risk of developing BPH (OR = 3.3, 4, and 2.7, respectively) and of developing PCa (OR = 2.9, 4.9, and 3.2, respectively). Our results showed evidence suggesting the involvement of the COX-2 (rs2745557) polymorphism and its protein in PCa or BPH initiation and progression. Also, the coexistence of COX-2 (rs2745557) and obesity, smoking, or diabetes may lead to the development of PCa or BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Fawzy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Randa H Mohamed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Ihab R Abdel Fatah
- Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Sara F Saadawy
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Genetic Variations in Inflammatory Response Genes and Their Association with the Risk of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:674039. [PMID: 26788504 PMCID: PMC4691602 DOI: 10.1155/2015/674039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men. Genetic variations in inflammatory response genes can potentially influence the risk of prostate cancer. We aimed to examine the association between PPARG Pro12Ala, NFKB1 -94 ins/del, NFKBIA -826C/T, COX-1 (50C>T), and COX-2 (-1195G>A) polymorphisms on prostate cancer risk. The genotypes of the polymorphisms were ascertained in 543 prostate cancer patients and 753 controls through PCR-RFLP and the risk association was evaluated statistically using logistic regression analysis. The NFKB1 -94 polymorphism was shown to decrease prostate cancer risk in both heterozygous and homozygous comparison models (odds ratios of 0.74 (95% CI = 0.58-0.96) (P = 0.02) and 0.57 (95% CI = 0.42-0.78) (P < 0.01), resp.). An opposite finding was observed for COX-2 (-1195) polymorphism (odds ratios of 1.58 (95% CI = 1.15-2.18) (P < 0.01) for heterozygous comparison model and 2.08 (95% CI = 1.48-2.92) (P < 0.01) for homozygous comparison model). No association was observed for other polymorphisms. In conclusion, NFKB1 -94 ins/del and COX-2 (-1195G>A) polymorphisms may be, respectively, associated with decreased and increased prostate cancer risk in the Chinese population.
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Hong B. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) rs20417 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: a meta analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:20454-20462. [PMID: 26884961 PMCID: PMC4723806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variation of SNPs in the PTGS2 gene is reported to be capable of creating tissue milieu favoring tumorigenesis. Some studies have implicated the common SNP rs20417 has association with PCa risk, while others showed reverse results. The study was performed with an aim to reconcile the existing controversy by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS We searched databases of Embase and PubMed and identified 8 publications fulfilling the specified inclusion criteria. X(2)-based Q-test and I(2) statistic were quantified to measure the heterogeneity across studies. The pooled ORs and 95% CIs were calculated to estimate the association between SNP rs20417 and PCa risk. RESULTS Based on an enlarged sample size by combining the data from published meta-analyses and those missed in them, the results of the present meta-analysis revealed the association of SNP rs20417 and overall PCa risk was not significant. Subgroup analyses according to ethnicity and source of controls did not show any significant results, either. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggests that the presence of SNP rs20417 is unlikely to be associated with PCa risk. Our understanding of the genetic risk for PCa should be further expanded and refined through future research in a much larger number of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
- Department of Urology, 305 Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
| | - Baofa Hong
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing, China
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12
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Liu T, Tang W, Ma Z. Cyclooxygenase-2 -1195G>A (rs689466) polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis involving 50,672 subjects. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12448-12462. [PMID: 26550156 PMCID: PMC4612841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The association between cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) -1195G>A (rs689466) polymorphism and cancer risk has been extensively explored. However, the results of previous studies remain controversial. To address this gap, we performed an updated meta-analysis of fifty-eight studies involving a total of 50,672 subjects. Searching of PubMed and Embase databases was performed for publications on the association between COX-2 -1195G>A polymorphism and the risk of cancer. Statistical correlation was identified between COX-2 -1195G>A variants and overall cancer risk in five genetic models. In a sub-group analysis based on cancer type, significant association between COX-2 -1195G>A polymorphism and increased risk of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and other cancers was found. In a sub-group analysis by ethnicity, increased cancer risk was observed among Asians instead of Caucasians, Africans and mixed populations. Furthermore, in a sub-group analysis based on cancer system, increased cancer risk was found in digestive system cancer and other system cancer. Non-parametric "trim-and-fill" method was harnessed as a sensitivity analysis method and the results suggested our findings reliable. In summary, the results of our meta-analysis highlight that COX-2 -1195G>A polymorphism may be a risk factor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The People’s Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous PrefectureJinghong, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Heping Jiang
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Jintan People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityJintan, China
| | - Tianyun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical UniversityQuanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous PrefectureJinghong, Yunnan Province, China
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Marshall L, Khan AH, Buggy DJ. Can Anaesthetic and Analgesic Techniques for Cancer Surgery Affect Cancer Recurrence and Metastasis? CURRENT ANESTHESIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40140-015-0108-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Agúndez JAG, Blanca M, Cornejo-García JA, García-Martín E. Pharmacogenomics of cyclooxygenases. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:501-22. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) are key enzymes in several physiopathological processes. Many adverse drugs reactions to NSAIDs are attributable to COX-inhibition. The genes coding for these enzymes (PTGS1 and PTGS2) are highly variable, and variations in these genes may underlie the risk of developing, or the clinical evolution of, several diseases and adverse drug reactions. We analyze major variations in the PTGS1 and PTGS2 genes, allele frequencies, functional consequences and population genetics. The most salient clinical associations of PTGS gene variations are related to colorectal cancer and stroke. In many studies, the SNPs interact with NSAIDs use, dietary or environmental factors. We provide an up-to-date catalog of PTGS clinical associations based on case–control studies and genome-wide association studies, and future research suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José AG Agúndez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanca
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
- Allergy Service, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A Cornejo-García
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
- Allergy Service, Carlos Haya Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Red de Investigación de Reacciones Adversas a Alergenos y Fármacos, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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15
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Shalaby MA, Nounou HA, Ms A, O A, Azzam N, Saeed HM. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of COX-2 and MMP-2 genes and colorectal cancer susceptibility in the Saudi population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:4989-94. [PMID: 24998576 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.12.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that COX-2 expression is associated with MMP-2 expression in thyroid and breast cancers, suggesting that MMPs are linked to COX-2-mediated carcinogenesis. Several polymorphisms within the MMP2 promoter region have been reported in cases with oncogenesis and tumor progression, especially in colorectal carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This research evaluated risk of association of the SNPs, including genes for COX-2 (A/G transition at +202) and MMP-2 (C/T transition at-1306), with colorectal cancer in 125 patients and 125 healthy controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our data confirmed that MMP2 C-1306 T mutations were significantly more common in colon cancer patients than in our control Saudi population; p=0.0121. On the other hand in our study, there was no significant association between genotype distribution of the COX2 polymorphism and colorectal cancer; p=0.847. An elevated frequency of the mutated genotype in the control group as compared to the patients subjects indeed suggested that this polymorphism could decrease risk in the Saudi population. Our study confirmed that the polymorphisms that could affect the expressions of MMP-2 and COX-2 the colon cancer patients were significantly higher than that in the COX-2 negative group. The frequency of individuals with MMP2 polymorphisms in colon cancer patients was higher than individuals with combination of COX2 and MMP2 polymorphisms. Our study confirmed that individuals who carried the polymorphisms that could affect the expressions of COX2 are more susceptible to colon cancer. MMP2 regulatory polymorphisms could be considered as protective; further studies need to confirm the results with more samples and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Ali Shalaby
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Egypt E-mail : ,
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Qin S, Xu C, Li S, Yang C, Sun X, Wang X, Tang SC, Ren H. Indomethacin induces apoptosis in the EC109 esophageal cancer cell line by releasing second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase and activating caspase-3. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4694-700. [PMID: 25673090 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of non‑steroidal anti‑inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with a reduced risk of various types of cancer, including esophageal cancer. However, the mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effects of NSAIDs in esophageal cancer remain to be elucidated. In the present study, a significant inhibition in cell viability was observed in the EC109 cells following treatment with different concentrations of indomethacin, and these effects occurred in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner. This inhibition was due to the release of second mitochondria‑derived activator of caspase (Smac) into the cytosol and the activation of caspase‑3. Subsequently, flow cytometry was performed to investigate indomethacin‑induced apoptosis following the overexpression or knockdown of Smac, and western blot analysis was performed to determine the expression of Smac and the activation of caspase‑3. Overexpression of Smac was promoted apoptosis, while downregulation of Smac significantly inhibited apoptosis. Western blot analysis demonstrated that indomethacin induced apoptosis through releasing Smac into the cytosol and activating caspase‑3. These results indicated that Smac is essential for the apoptosis induced by indomethacin in esophageal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chongwen Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xifang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Ching Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georgia Regents University Cancer Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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17
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Campanholo VMDLP, Felipe AV, de Lima JM, Pimenta CAM, Ventura RM, Forones NM. -765 g>c polymorphism of the cox-2 gene and gastric cancer risk in Brazilian population. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2015; 51:79-83. [PMID: 25003256 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-28032014000200002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Genomic alterations play important roles in gastric cancer carcinogenesis. Cyclooxygenases (COX) are important enzymes in the maintenance of mucosal integrity and in pathological processes, mainly in inflammation and cancer. The -765G>C COX-2 polymorphism has been implicated in gastric cancer risk. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the COX-2 gene polymorphism as a predictor of gastric cancer risk. METHODS One hundred gastric cancer patients and 150 controls were enrolled from a Brazilian centre. Personal data regarding related risk factors, including alcohol consumption and smoking behavior, were collected via questionnaire. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and the genotypes were analyzed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS G/G, G/C and C/C genotypes frequencies was 42.7%, 50% and 7.3%, respectively in controls and 59.0%, 34.0% and 7.0% in gastric cancer. The frequency of the genotypes differed between the groups (P = 0.033). A higher risk of gastric cancer was associated with COX-2 -765G/G genotype (P = 0.048; OR:1.98, 95% CI = 1.01-3.90). Alcohol consumption and smoking in patients with -765G/G genotype also increased the risk of gastric cancer. CONCLUSIONS The -765G/G genotype and the -765G allele had been associated with an increased risk for gastric cancer. The presence of smoking and alcohol consumption increased the risk for gastric cancer in subjects with -765G/G genotype compared with the control group. Polymorphism of COX-2 gene and gastric cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aledson Vitor Felipe
- Grupo de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline Miranda de Lima
- Grupo de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rogéria Maria Ventura
- Grupo de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Nora Manoukian Forones
- Grupo de Oncologia, Disciplina de Gastroenterologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Khorshidi F, Haghighi MM, Nazemalhosseini Mojarad E, Azimzadeh P, Damavand B, Vahedi M, Almasi S, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR. The prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2/ COX2) rs5277 polymorphism does not influence risk of colorectal cancer in an Iranian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:3507-11. [PMID: 24870748 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.8.3507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 [PTGS2, commonly known as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] is an enzyme induced by proinflammatory stimuli that is often overexpressed in malignant tissue and involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes, regulators of processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis, all relevant for cancer development. We investigated whether a functional genetic polymorphism, rs5277, in COX-2 may have a risk-modifying effect on sporadic colorectal cancer in an Iranian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a case-control study on 167 patients with colorectal cancer and 197 cancer-free controls in Taleghani Hospital in Tehran, Iran, between 2007 and 2011. Peripheral blood samples of both groups were processed for DNA extraction and genotyping of the COX-2 gene polymorphism (rs5277) using PCR-RFLP. RFLP results were confirmed by direct sequencing. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the distribution of COX-2 gene rs5277 polymorphism genotype and the allelic form, among CRC patients compared with the healthy control group (p: 0.867). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rs5277 polymorphism in COX2 could not be a good prognostic indicator for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khorshidi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran E-mail :
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Weng PH, Huang YL, Page JH, Chen JH, Xu J, Koutros S, Berndt S, Chanock S, Yeager M, Witte JS, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Neal DE, Donovan J, Hamdy FC, Muir KR, Giles G, Severi G, Smith JR, Balistreri CR, Shui IM, Chen YC. Polymorphisms of an innate immune gene, toll-like receptor 4, and aggressive prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110569. [PMID: 25360682 PMCID: PMC4215920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is one of the best known TLR members expressed on the surface of several leukocytes and tissue cells and has a key function in detecting pathogen and danger-associated molecular patterns. The role of TLR4 in the pathophysiology of several age-related diseases is also well recognized, such as prostate cancer (PCa). TLR4 polymorphisms have been related to PCa risk, but the relationship between TLR4 genotypes and aggressive PCa risk has not been evaluated by any systematic reviews. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of candidate-gene and genome-wide association studies analyzing this relationship and included only white population. Considering appropriate criteria, only nine studies were analyzed in the meta-analysis, including 3,937 aggressive PCa and 7,382 controls. RESULTS Using random effects model, no significant association was found in the ten TLR4 SNPs reported by at least four included studies under any inheritance model (rs2737191, rs1927914, rs10759932, rs1927911, rs11536879, rs2149356, rs4986790, rs11536889, rs7873784, and rs1554973). Pooled estimates from another ten TLR4 SNPs reported by three studies also showed no significant association (rs10759930, rs10116253, rs11536869, rs5030717, rs4986791, rs11536897, rs1927906, rs913930, rs1927905, and rs7045953). Meta-regression revealed that study type was not a significant source of between-study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS TLR4 polymorphisms were not significantly associated with the risk of aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hsuan Weng
- Department of Family Medicine, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Huang
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John H. Page
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jen-Hau Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stella Koutros
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Core Genotyping Facility, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Center of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Epidemiology, Departments of Public Health and Primary Care and Oncology, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Neal
- Surgical Oncology (Uro-Oncology: S4), Departments of Oncology and Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Donovan
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Freddie C. Hamdy
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth R. Muir
- University of Nottingham Medical School, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeffrey R. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Carmela R. Balistreri
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical and Forensic Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Irene M. Shui
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yen-Ching Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Genes, Environment and Human Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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20
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Yang M, Li C, Li M. Association of interleukin-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism with the prostate cancer risk: A meta-analysis. Biomed Rep 2014; 2:637-643. [PMID: 25054003 DOI: 10.3892/br.2014.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the interleukin-6 (IL-6) (-174 G/C) gene polymorphism correlates with prostate cancer. A meta-analysis based on former studies was conducted and the results suggest that there was no significant association between IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism and the prostate cancer risk. However, a recent study published in January 2014 showed that the GG genotype may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer in Caucasian subjects, whereas the CC genotype was associated with an increased risk in the African-American subjects, which was inconsistent with former studies. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database and Wanfang database, were searched between January 1994 and March 2014 to determine the eligible IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism studies and the susceptibility of the prostate cancer risk. A total of 11 studies with 10,745 cases and 13,473 controls fulfilled the inclusion criteria subsequent to assessment by two investigators. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated to examine the associations, and subgroup analyses were performed according to the ethnicity. Overall, no significant association was found between the IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism and prostate cancer risk, whereas the subgroup analysis suggested that the association between the IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism and prostate cancer was slightly significant under the homozygote (CC vs. GG: OR, 3.43; 95% CI, 1.01-11.71; P=0.049) and recessive models (CC vs. GG/GC OR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.04-11.82; P=0.042) in African-American patients. However, no significant association was found in the Caucasian, Asian or mixed populations under the five genetic models by stratifying studies for ethnicity. In conclusion, the present study suggested that there was no significant association between the IL-6 (-174 G/C) polymorphism and prostate cancer risk in Caucasian and Asian patients, whereas the CC genotype may be associated with an increased risk in the African-American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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Sugie S, Tsukino H, Mukai S, Akioka T, Shibata N, Nagano M, Kamoto T. Cyclooxygenase 2 genotypes influence prostate cancer susceptibility in Japanese Men. Tumour Biol 2013; 35:2717-21. [PMID: 24203817 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) G1195A (rs689465) polymorphism and the risk of prostate cancer in a Japanese population and the associations between COX2 polymorphisms and clinicopathological characteristics, including Gleason grade and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) grade. We recruited 134 patients with prostate cancer and 86 healthy controls matched for age and smoking status. The COX2 G1195A polymorphism status was determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Genotype distributions (p = 0.028) and allelic frequencies (p = 0.014) differed significantly between prostate cancer and control groups in terms of the COX2 G1195A polymorphism (Pearson's χ (2) test). Logistic regression analysis of case and control outcomes showed an odds ratio between the GG and AA genotypes of 3.15 (95% confidence interval = 1.27-8.08, p = 0.014), indicating an increased risk of prostate cancer associated with the AA genotype. Subset analysis revealed no significant associations between this polymorphism and clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer. This study demonstrated a relationship between the COX2 G1195A variant and prostate cancer risk. This polymorphism may merit further investigation as a potential genomic marker for the early detection of prostate cancer. Our results support the hypothesis that rs689465 influences susceptibility to prostate cancer; however, prostate cancer progression was not associated with rs689465 in a Japanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Sugie
- Departments of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, 5200 Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, Miyazaki, 889-1692, Japan
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22
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Wang XF, Huang MZ, Zhang XW, Hua RX, Guo WJ. COX-2-765G>C polymorphism increases the risk of cancer: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73213. [PMID: 24023834 PMCID: PMC3762903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation has been regarded as an important mechanism in carcinogenesis. Inflammation-associated genetic variants have been highly associated with cancer risk. Polymorphisms in the gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a pro-inflammation factor, have been suggested to alter the risk of multiple tumors, but the findings of various studies are not consistent. Methods A literature search through February 2013 was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and CNKI databases. We used odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals (CIs) of 95% to assess the strength of the association between the COX-2-765G>C polymorphism and cancer risk in a random-effect model. We also assessed heterogeneity and publication bias. Results In total, 65 articles with 29,487 cancer cases and 39,212 non-cancer controls were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled OR (95% CIs) in the co-dominant model (GC vs. GG) was 1.11 (1.02–1.22), and in the dominant model ((CC+GC) vs. GG), the pooled OR was 1.12 (1.02–1.23). In the subgroup analysis, stratified by cancer type and race, significant associations were found between the-765 C allele and higher risk for gastric cancer, leukemia, pancreatic cancer, and cancer in the Asian population. Conclusion In summary, the COX-2-765 C allele was related to increased cancer susceptibility, especially gastric cancer and cancer in the Asian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-feng Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-zhu Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-xi Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-jian Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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23
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A meta-analysis of PTGS1 and PTGS2 polymorphisms and NSAID intake on the risk of developing cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71126. [PMID: 23967159 PMCID: PMC3742790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have investigated whether the polymorphisms in the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 1 (PTGS1) and PTGS2 genes and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use are associated with cancer risk; however, those studies have produced mixed results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association between the PTGS1 and PTGS2 polymorphisms and the effect of NSAID use on the risk of developing cancer. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed through March 2012. The odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the fixed-effect model or the random-effect model. Results The database search generated 13 studies that met the inclusion criteria. For PTGS1 rs3842787, NSAID users homozygous for the major allele (CC) had a significantly decreased cancer risk compared with non-NSAID users (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.59–0.89). For PTGS2 rs5275 and rs20417, there were no significant differences between the gene polymorphism and NSAID use on cancer risk among the 8 and 7 studies, respectively. However, in the stratified analysis by the type of cancer or ethnicity population, NSAID users homozygous for the major allele (TT) in rs5275 demonstrated significantly decreased cancer risk compared with non-NSAID users in cancer type not involving colorectal adenoma (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.59–0.83) and among the USA population (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.56–0.82). NSAID users homozygous for the major allele (GG) in rs20417 displayed a significantly decreased cancer risk than non-NSAID users among the US population (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58–0.88). For the PTGS2 rs689466 and rs2745557 SNPs, there were no significant differences. Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that the associations between PTGS polymorphisms and NSAID use on cancer risk may differ with regard to the type of cancer and nationality.
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Kopp TI, Friis S, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Vogel U. Polymorphisms in genes related to inflammation, NSAID use, and the risk of prostate cancer among Danish men. Cancer Genet 2013; 206:266-78. [PMID: 23880210 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of prostate cancer (PC) remains mostly unknown, but increasing evidence suggests that chronic inflammation in the prostate is associated with an increased risk of PC. Epidemiological studies have suggested that use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may protect against PC. Inborn variations in genes involved in the inflammatory response may modulate the risk of PC and interact with NSAIDs. The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate whether polymorphisms and haplotypes of the inflammation-related genes COX-2, Il1B, NFKB1, and PPARG are associated with risk of PC; 2) to investigate gene-environment interactions between polymorphisms and NSAID use; and 3) to examine whether the studied polymorphisms were associated with the aggressiveness of PC. The study population consisted of 370 cases of PC and 370 risk-set matched (age) controls nested within the prospective Danish "Diet, Cancer, and Health" cohort. Carriers of the variant deletion allele of NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG had a tendency toward a reduced risk of PC (incidence rate ratio (IRR), 0.73; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.52-1.04). A lowered risk for PC was also found for carriers of variant allele NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG among non-users of NSAIDs (IRR 0.68; 95% CI 0.47-0.99), for non-aggressive disease (IRR 0.64; 95% CI 0.42-0.99), and among men with a body mass index above 30 kg/m(2) (IRR 0.56; 95% CI 0.27-1.16), although the latter estimate was based on small numbers. A similar pattern was seen for the variant C allele of the COX-2 +8473T→C polymorphism. No apparent association with PC was observed for the other studied polymorphisms. Our study did not indicate that chronic inflammation is a major risk factor for aggressive PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Iskov Kopp
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute, Søborg, Denmark; Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Guan X. Association between a functional variant atPTGS2gene 3′UTR and its mRNA expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines. Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:516-9. [PMID: 23444045 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Department of School of Public Health; Boston University; 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118; USA
| | - Yunzhao Zhao
- Department of General Surgery; Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine; Nanjing 210002; China
| | - Yanru Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine; 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002; China
| | - Zexing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine; 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002; China
| | - Xiaoxiang Guan
- Department of Medical Oncology; Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine; 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002; China
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Masuda H, Fukushima H, Kawakami S, Numao N, Fujii Y, Saito K, Koga F, Ishioka J, Yokoyama M, Kihara K. Impact of Advanced Age on Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy in Japanese Men According to Pathological Stage. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2013; 43:410-6. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyt017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Yang X, Li B, Si T, Liu Y, Guo Z. Association between the 8473T>C Polymorphism ofPTGS2and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Metaanalysis Including 24,716 Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 36:182-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000349951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kazma R, Mefford JA, Cheng I, Plummer SJ, Levin AM, Rybicki BA, Casey G, Witte JS. Association of the innate immunity and inflammation pathway with advanced prostate cancer risk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51680. [PMID: 23272139 PMCID: PMC3522730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent and second most lethal cancer in men in the United States. Innate immunity and inflammation may increase the risk of prostate cancer. To determine the role of innate immunity and inflammation in advanced prostate cancer, we investigated the association of 320 single nucleotide polymorphisms, located in 46 genes involved in this pathway, with disease risk using 494 cases with advanced disease and 536 controls from Cleveland, Ohio. Taken together, the whole pathway was associated with advanced prostate cancer risk (P = 0.02). Two sub-pathways (intracellular antiviral molecules and extracellular pattern recognition) and four genes in these sub-pathways (TLR1, TLR6, OAS1, and OAS2) were nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk and harbor several SNPs nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk. Our results suggest that the innate immunity and inflammation pathway may play a modest role in the etiology of advanced prostate cancer through multiple small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Kazma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Mefford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Plummer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shao N, Feng N, Wang Y, Mi Y, Li T, Hua L. Systematic review and meta-analysis of COX-2 expression and polymorphisms in prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:10997-1004. [PMID: 23053989 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) may play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, gene polymorphisms in COX-2 have been implicated to alter the risk of PCa and overexpression of COX-2 may be associated with clinical and prognostic significance in PCa. However, the results of these studies are inconclusive or controversial. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationships, we performed an updated meta-analysis. A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies of COX-2 polymorphism and expression in PCa. We used odds ratios (ORs) to assess the strength of the association and the 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) give a sense of the precision of the estimate. Overall, no significant associations between COX-2 polymorphism and PCa risk were found. However, high expression of COX-2 was significantly higher in T3-T4 stages of PCa than in T1-T2 stages of PCa (OR = 2.33, 95 %CI: 1.54-3.53, P < 0.0001). COX-2 might play an important role in the progress of PCa, overexpression of COX-2 correlates with T3-T4 stages of PCa. COX-2 might be a potential therapy target for PCa and work as a prognostic factor for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shao
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Geriatric Hospital, 65 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, 210024, China
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Sitarek P, Zielińska-Bliźniewska H, Miłoński J, Przybyłowska K, Majsterek I, Olszewski J. [Role of the -765 G/C polymorphism of COX-2 gene in pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nose polyps in a Polish population]. Otolaryngol Pol 2012; 66:181-4. [PMID: 22748678 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(12)70766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is believed that local factors within the nasal cavities contribute to the formation of nasal polyps. The disruption of local homeostasis mechanisms in a chronic inflammatory process is one of those factors. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression is activated in the course of the immune response to extracellular and intracellular stimuli. Also, an increase of the gene expression can be associated with the development of nasal polyps in patients with chronic sinusitis. THE AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was an evaluation of the role of the -765G/C COX-2 polymorphism in sinusitis pathogenesis in patients with nasal polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 100 patients, aged 35-65, with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps and 150 people in the age, sex-, age- and ethnicity-matched control group. The study material included DNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients and the controls. PCR-RFLP method was used in genotyping polymorphic variants of COX-2. RESULTS In comparison to the control group, the group of the patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps showed a statistically significant increase in the occurrence frequency of the -765G/C polymorphic variant of COX-2 gene (OR 4.04; 95% CI 2.32-7.03; p > 0.001) and C allele (OR 3.68; 95% CI 2.38-5.68; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The -765G/C genotype of COX-2 can be associated with an increased risk of the occurrence of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sitarek
- Zakład Chemii I Biochemii Klinicznej Katedry Biomedycznych Podstaw Fizjoterapii UM w Łodzi
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation is now known to contribute to several forms of human cancer, with an estimated 20% of adult cancers attributable to chronic inflammatory conditions caused by infectious agents, chronic non-infectious inflammatory diseases and/or other environmental factors. Indeed, chronic inflammation is now regarded as an 'enabling characteristic' of human cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature on the evidence for a role for chronic inflammation in prostate cancer aetiology, with a specific focus on recent advances regarding the following: (i) potential stimuli for prostatic inflammation; (ii) prostate cancer immunobiology; (iii) inflammatory pathways and cytokines in prostate cancer risk and development; (iv) proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) as a risk factor lesion to prostate cancer development; and (v) the role of nutritional or other anti-inflammatory compounds in reducing prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Aspirin but not ibuprofen use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer: a PLCO study. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:207-14. [PMID: 22722313 PMCID: PMC3389420 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most epidemiological studies suggest that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is inversely associated with prostate cancer risk, the magnitude and specificity of this association remain unclear. METHODS We examined self-reported aspirin and ibuprofen use in relation to prostate cancer risk among 29 450 men ages 55-74 who were initially screened for prostate cancer from 1993 to 2001 in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. Men were followed from their first screening exam until 31 December 2009, during which 3575 cases of prostate cancer were identified. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratios (HRs) of prostate cancer associated with <1 and ≥ 1 pill of aspirin daily were 0.98 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-1.07) and 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85-0.99), respectively, compared with never use (P for trend 0.04). The effect of taking at least one aspirin daily was more pronounced when restricting the analyses to men older than age 65 or men who had a history of cardiovascular-related diseases or arthritis (HR (95% CI); 0.87 (0.78-0.97), 0.89 (0.80-0.99), and 0.88 (0.78-1.00), respectively). The data did not support an association between ibuprofen use and prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSION Daily aspirin use, but not ibuprofen use, was associated with lower risk of prostate cancer risk.
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Kim HY, Cho S, Choi YS, Yang HI, Lee KE, Seo SK, Lee BS. Cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX -2) gene-765G/C polymorphism and advanced-stage endometriosis in Korean women. Am J Reprod Immunol 2012; 68:238-43. [PMID: 22587873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2012.01151.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM We investigated the association of COX -2 gene-765G/C polymorphism and risk of advanced-stage endometriosis in Korean women. METHOD OF STUDY This study consisted of 268 women with advanced-stage endometriosis and 242 control women without endometriosis in Korea. Subjects were genotyped for the -765G/C polymorphism of the COX -2 gene by RFLP-PCR analysis. RESULTS There were significant differences in the genotype distributions of the -765G/C polymorphism between patients with advanced-stage endometriosis and control subjects. The C allele for -765G/C was associated with significantly lower risk of advanced-stage endometriosis (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06-0.30). CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated a significant genetic association between the -765G/C polymorphism and advanced-stage endometriosis in Korean women. The -765C allele may be protective against the development of the disease in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Yeon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Garlick DS, Li J, Sansoucy B, Wang T, Griffith L, FitzGerald TJ, Butterfield J, Charbonneau B, Violette SM, Weinreb PH, Ratliff TL, Liao CP, Roy-Burman P, Vietri M, Lian JB, Stein GS, Altieri DC, Languino LR. α(V)β(6) integrin expression is induced in the POET and Pten(pc-/-) mouse models of prostatic inflammation and prostatic adenocarcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2012; 4:165-174. [PMID: 22611469 PMCID: PMC3353537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is proposed to prime the development of prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms of prostate cancer initiation and development are not completely understood. The α(v)β(6) integrin has been shown to play a role in epithelial development, wound healing and some epithelial cancers [1, 2]. Here, we investigate the expression of α(v)β(6) in mouse models of prostatic inflammation and prostate cancer to establish a possible relationship between inflammation of the prostate, α(v)β(6) expression and the progression of prostate cancer. Using immunohistochemical techniques, we show expression of α(v)β(6) in two in vivo mouse models; the Pten(pc)-/- model containing a prostate- specific Pten tumor suppressor deletion that causes cancer, and the prostate ovalbumin-expressing transgenic (POET) inflammation mouse model. We show that the α(v)β(6) integrin is induced in prostate cancer and inflammation in vivo in these two mouse models. α(v)β(6) is expressed in all the mice with cancer in the Pten(pc-/-) model but not in age-matched wild-type mice. In the POET inflammation model, α(v)β(6) is expressed in mice injected with activated T-cells, but in none of the control mice. In the POET model, we also used real time PCR to assess the expression of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGFβ1), a factor in inflammation that is activated by α(v)β(6). In conclusion, through in vivo evidence, we conclude that α(v)β(6) integrin may be a crucial link between prostatic inflammation and prostatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Garlick
- Department of Cancer Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Cancer Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Brian Sansoucy
- Department of Cancer Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Leeanne Griffith
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA.
| | - TJ FitzGerald
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Julie Butterfield
- Department of Cancer Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Bridget Charbonneau
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN
| | | | | | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN
| | - Chun-Peng Liao
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
| | - Pradip Roy-Burman
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA
| | - Michele Vietri
- Department of Cancer Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcester, MA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute Cancer CenterPhiladelphia, PA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA.
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Zhang H, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Liu R, Ma B. Association between COX-2 rs2745557 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Immunol 2012; 13:14. [PMID: 22435969 PMCID: PMC3337286 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-13-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence is accumulating that chronic inflammation may have an important role in prostate cancer (PCa). The COX-2 polymorphism rs2745557 (+202 C/T) has been extensively investigated as a potential risk factor for PCa, but the results have thus far been inconclusive. This meta-analysis was performed to derive a more precise estimation of the association. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case-control studies of COX-2 rs2745557 polymorphism and PCa risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) to assess the strength of the association, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) give a sense of the precision of the estimate. Statistical analyses were performed by Review Manage, version 5.0 and Stata 10.0. Results A total of 8 available studies were considered in the present meta-analysis, with 11356 patients and 11641 controls for rs2745557. When all groups were pooled, there was no evidence that rs2745557 had significant association with PCa under co-dominant, recessive, over-dominant, and allelic models. However, our analysis suggested that rs2745557 was associated with a lower PCa risk under dominant model in overall population (OR = 0.85, 95%CI = 0.74-0.97, P = 0.02). When stratifying for race, there was a significant association between rs2745557 polymorphism and lower PCa risk in dominant model comparison in the subgroup of Caucasians (OR = 0.86, 95%CI = 0.75-0.99, P = 0.04), but not in co-dominant, recessive, over-dominant and allelic comparisons. Conclusion Based on our meta-analysis, COX-2 rs2745557 was associated with a lower PCa risk under dominant model in Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, China.
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Ifere GO, Abebe F, Ananaba GA. Emergent trends in the reported incidence of prostate cancer in Nigeria. Clin Epidemiol 2012; 4:19-32. [PMID: 22291480 PMCID: PMC3266866 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s23536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date there has not been any nationwide age-standardized incidence data reported for prostate cancer in Nigeria. We examined and integrated diverse trends in the age-specific incidence of prostate cancer into a comprehensive trend for Nigeria, and examined how best the existing data could generate a countrywide age-standardized incidence rate for the disease. METHODS Data were obtained from studies undertaken between 1970 and 2007 in referral hospital-based cancer registries. Records from at least one tertiary hospital in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria were examined retrospectively. Data were also reported for the rural population in cross-sectional prospective studies. Age-standardized incidence rates and the annual incidence of disease were calculated. RESULTS Higher incidence rates for prostate cancer during this period were recorded for patients aged 60-69 years and 70-79 years, with a lower incidence rate for patients aged younger than 50 years. An exponential annual incidence rate of disease was observed in the 50-79 year age group and peaked at 70-79 years before dropping again at age 80 years. The results showed metastasis in more than half of these hospital-based prostate tumors. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that prostate cancer occurs at a relatively young age in Nigerians and that hospital-based registry reports may not appropriately reflect the incidence of the disease in Nigeria. A countrywide screening program is urgently needed. Finally, the difference in reported stages of disease found in Nigerians and African-Americans versus Caucasians suggests biological differences in the prognosis. Nigeria may thus typify one of the ancestral populations that harbor inherited genes predisposing African-Americans to high-risk prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin O Ifere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fisseha Abebe
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Godwin A Ananaba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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PTGS2 (COX2) -765G>C gene polymorphism and risk of sporadic colorectal cancer in Iranian population. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:5219-24. [PMID: 22173719 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Through genome wide association studies, several single nucleotide polymorphisms scattered in the genome emerged to be influential in the development of sporadic CRC in some populations. However, replicative studies failed to prove a particular SNP-CRC association in populations and ethnic groups. Cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) is a crucial enzyme involved in the metabolism of prostaglandins. The aim of this replicative study is to investigate the possible association between PTGS2 -765G>C polymorphism and sporadic CRC risk in a subset of Iranian population. A total of 110 patients with sporadic CRC, and 120 controls were genotyped for PTGS2 -765G>C polymorphism by using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of PTGS2 -765G>C between two groups except in irregular aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) consumers. Frequencies of genotypes and alleles were as follows: GG = 44.2, GC = 48.3, CC = 7.5%, in controls and GG = 34.55, GC = 60.9, CC = 4.55% in cases. Regarding the allele frequency, the following values were found: G = 65, C = 35% in cases and 68.3, 31.7% in the controls, respectively. In irregular aspirin or NSAID consumers combined GC+CC genotype was found to be a risk genotype (OR = 1.933, 95% CI: 1.067-3.501, P = 0.036). Overall, no significant relation was found between this polymorphism and sporadic CRC in Iranians. However, in irregular aspirin or NSAID consumers the combined GC+CC genotype proved to be a risk genotype.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES DNA sequence variants in the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene may lead to altered COX-2 production and/or activity, resulting in interindividual differences in susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in the COX-2 gene and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a European population. METHODS The COX-2 genotypes for 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2745557, rs5277, rs2066826, rs4648261, rs4648262, rs2206593, and rs5275) were determined in 162 pancreatic cancer patients and 170 control subjects without cancer who were matched for age and sex. Data analysis was by conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, sex, and smoking. RESULTS Two haplotypes (GGAGGGT and GCGGGGT for rs2745557, rs5277, rs2066826, rs4648261, rs4648262, rs2206593, rs5275, respectively) were more frequent among the patients compared with control subjects (P < 0.024), although no individually statistically significant associations for the 7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms studied were detected. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the individual polymorphisms we studied in the COX-2 gene are not associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. However, the finding of a modest association with 2 haplotypes might be consistent with a small effect, which could be also seen at the genotype level had more samples been available.
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Festa-Vasconcellos JS, Piranda DN, Amaral LM, Indio-do-Brasil V, Koifman S, Vianna-Jorge R. Polymorphisms in cycloxygenase-2 gene and breast cancer prognosis: association between PTGS2 haplotypes and histopathological features. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 132:251-8. [PMID: 22037828 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression is associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer. COX-2 is encoded by a polymorphic gene, called PTGS2, and its expression may be genetically influenced. In this article, we investigate the association between PTGS2 haplotypes and histopathological parameters with prognostic value on the clinical outcome of breast cancer. The study involved 606 women under current treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer. Patients were genotyped for rs689465, rs689466, rs20417, and rs5275, and their haplotypes were inferred. The distribution of PTGS2 genotypes and haplotypes was evaluated according to histopathological categorical groups used for prognostic determination of low/intermediate versus high risk of tumor recurrence. Our results indicate positive associations between variant genotypes of rs689465 and estrogen receptor negativity (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.04-2.44, P: 0.02) or HER2 positivity (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.00-3.18, P: 0.03), and between variant genotypes of rs20417 and estrogen receptor negativity (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.15-2.57, P: 0.005), progesterone receptor negativity (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.09-2.22, P: 0.01) or HER2 positivity (OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.04-3.13, P: 0.02). In contrast, variant genotypes of rs689466 are negatively associated with estrogen receptor negativity (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.33-0.98, P: 0.03). A total of eight haplotypes were inferred, and there was a significant difference in their distribution as a function of tumor size (P: 0.011), estrogen receptor status (P: 0.018), and HER2 status (P: 0.025). PTGS2 haplotype *7 (formed by rs689465G, rs689466A, rs20417C, and rs5275T) is positively associated with higher tumor size (OR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.19-11.22, P: 0.006), estrogen receptor negativity (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 0.97-5.98, P: 0.032), progesterone receptor negativity (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 1.05-6.39, P: 0.02), and HER2 positivity (OR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.19-14.44, P: 0.007). Our results suggest that PTGS2 haplotype *7 may contribute to higher growth of untreated breast cancer and that PTGS2 haplotypes need to be considered in the characterization of breast cancer prognosis.
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Mandal RK, Mittal RD. Polymorphisms in COX-2 gene influence prostate cancer susceptibility in a northern Indian cohort. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:620-6. [PMID: 22023987 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, which are important mediators of cell proliferation and inflammation. Evidence indicates that COX-2 plays a role in carcinogenesis and that it is overexpressed in prostate tumors. We examined whether sequence variants in the COX-2 gene were associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk. METHODS In a hospital-based case/control study, 195 subjects with PCa and 250 healthy controls were investigated for the association of COX-2 -765 G>C (rs20417) and +8473 T>C (rs5275) promoter polymorphism with PCa susceptibility using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. RESULT Variant allele 'C' carriers of COX-2 -765 G>C polymorphism were associated with a 1.7-fold increased risk for PCa (p = 0.016; OR = 1.74). The variant genotype CC of COX-2 +8473 T>C polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with the overall higher risk of PCa (p = 0.045; OR = 1.82). Combined genotype (TC + CC) also demonstrated a 1.5-fold significant risk with PCa (p = 0.040; OR = 1.52). The diplotype C-C was observed to be associated with a significant increase in PCa risk (Bonferroni corrected p value, Pc = 0.004; OR = 4.26). Stratification of cases based on clinical pathological grade of tumors revealed no association with PCa risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest COX-2 -765G>C and +8473 T>C polymorphism and diplotype C-C to be a risk factor for PCa. However, further validation in large population-based studies is needed to confirm the finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju K Mandal
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Anti-neoplastic action of aspirin against a T-cell lymphoma involves an alteration in the tumour microenvironment and regulation of tumour cell survival. Biosci Rep 2011; 32:91-104. [DOI: 10.1042/bsr20110027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the potential of the anti-neoplastic action of aspirin in a transplantable murine tumour model of a spontaneously originated T-cell lymphoma designated as Dalton's lymphoma. The antitumour action of aspirin administered to tumour-bearing mice through oral and/or intraperitoneal (intratumoral) routes was measured via estimation of survival of tumour-bearing mice, tumour cell viability, tumour progression and changes in the tumour microenvironment. Intratumour administration of aspirin examined to assess its therapeutic potential resulted in retardation of tumour progression in tumour-bearing mice. Oral administration of aspirin to mice as a prophylactic measure prior to tumour transplantation further primed the anti-neoplastic action of aspirin administered at the tumour site. The anti-neoplastic action of aspirin was associated with a decline in tumour cell survival, augmented induction of apoptosis and nuclear shrinkage. Tumour cells of aspirin-treated mice were found arrested in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and showed nuclear localization of cyclin B1. Intratumoral administration of aspirin was accompanied by alterations in the biophysical, biochemical and immunological composition of the tumour microenvironment with respect to pH, level of dissolved O2, glucose, lactate, nitric oxide, IFNγ (interferon γ), IL-4 (interleukin-4), IL-6 and IL-10, whereas the TGF-β (tumour growth factor-β) level was unaltered. Tumour cells obtained from aspirin-treated tumour-bearing mice demonstrated an altered expression of pH regulators monocarboxylate transporter-1 and V-ATPase along with alteration in the level of cell survival regulatory molecules such as survivin, vascular endothelial growth factor, heat-shock protein 70, glucose transporter-1, SOCS-5 (suppressor of cytokine signalling-5), HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) and PUMA (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis). The study demonstrates a possible indirect involvement of the tumour microenvironment in addition to a direct but limited anti-neoplastic action of aspirin in the retardation of tumour growth.
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Amirian ES, Ittmann MM, Scheurer ME. Associations between arachidonic acid metabolism gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 2011; 71:1382-9. [PMID: 21308720 PMCID: PMC7339922 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway is suspected to be involved in the development of various cancers, including prostate cancer. However, the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AA pathway genes remains unclear. The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the association between prostate cancer risk and 14 such SNPs in the PTGS2, PTGES2, ALOX5, ALOX5AP, and LTA4H genes. METHODS Genotyping was conducted on 585 white prostate cancer cases and 585 healthy, age-matched controls. The best genetic model for each SNP was determined using Akaike's information criterion. Odds ratios for the association between each SNP and prostate cancer risk were calculated, both overall and stratified by obesity (BMI ≥ 30). Haplotype analysis was conducted for the PTGES2 SNPs. RESULTS LTA4H rs1978331 was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk overall (unadjusted, overdominant model OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.51-0.91 for TC vs. TT/CC). Among non-obese individuals, the GG genotype of PTGES2 rs10987883 was associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer (unadjusted, recessive model OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.27-8.23). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that SNPs in certain AA metabolism genes may influence prostate cancer susceptibility. Furthermore, it is possible that obesity, which induces a chronic state of low-level inflammation in addition to several metabolic sequelae, may modify the impact of these SNPs. These findings should be confirmed in a larger study with power to detect differential effects by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Susan Amirian
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael M. Ittmann
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Dept. of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Michael E. Scheurer
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Tang Z, Nie ZL, Pan Y, Zhang L, Gao L, Zhang Q, Qu L, He B, Song G, Zhang Y, Shukui Wang. The Cox-2 -1195 G > A polymorphism and cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 25 case-control studies. Mutagenesis 2011; 26:729-34. [PMID: 21734230 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2, a rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids) has been implicated in several physiological and pathological processes, and it has been reported that polymorphisms in the regulatory region of Cox-2 might influence its expression, contributing to the interindividual susceptibility to cancer. However, results from published studies on the association between the Cox-2 -1195G > A polymorphism and the risk of cancer are conflicting. We performed a meta-analysis based on 25 case-control studies, including a total of 9482 cancer cases and 12 206 controls to derive a more precise estimation of the association and its possible influence on cancer risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. The overall results indicated that the variant genotypes moderately increased risk of cancer (AA/AG versus GG, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31). In the stratified analysis for the -1195G > A polymorphism, a proximate association was observed in Asian populations (AA/AG versus GG, OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.46), but no significant association except for oesophageal cancer and 'others' was found when stratified by cancer type. In conclusion, our meta-analysis indicates that -1195G > A of Cox-2 is a low penetration risk factor for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tang
- Central Laboratory of Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
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Kwon EM, Salinas CA, Kolb S, Fu R, Feng Z, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA. Genetic polymorphisms in inflammation pathway genes and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:923-33. [PMID: 21430300 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-10-0994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is an important mechanism for the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC). To better understand the potential relationship between genes in the inflammation pathway and PC risk, we evaluated variants in 16 candidate genes. METHODS A total of 143 tagging and amino acid altering single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in Caucasian and African American men participating in one of two population-based, case-control studies (n = 1,458 cases and 1,351 controls). The relative risk of PC was estimated using logistic and polytomous regression models. RESULTS Ten SNPs in seven genes (CXCL12, IL4, IL6, IL6ST, PTGS2, STAT3, and TNF) were nominally associated (P < 0.05) with risk of PC in Caucasians. The most significant effect on risk was seen with rs11574783 in the interleukin 6 signal transducer (IL6ST) gene (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.63). Cumulatively, four SNPs in genes interleukin 4 (IL4), IL6ST, PTGS2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) conferred a three-fold elevation in PC risk among men carrying the maximum number of high-risk alleles (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.41-6.25, P(trend) = 0.0003). Risk estimates for seven SNPs varied significantly according to disease aggressiveness (P(homogeneity) < 0.05), with SNPs in AKT1, PIK3R1, and STAT3 independently associated with more aggressive PC; OR = 5.1 (95% CI: 2.29-11.40, P(trend) = 3.8 × 10(-5)) for carriers of all high-risk genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that variants in genes within the inflammation pathway may play a role in the development of PC, however, further studies are needed to replicate our findings. IMPACT These results underline the potential importance of the inflammation pathway in PC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M Kwon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Zheng X, Cui XX, Gao Z, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Huang MT, Liu Y, Wagner GC, Lin Y, Shih WJ, Rao CV, Yang CS, Conney AH. Inhibitory effect of dietary atorvastatin and celecoxib together with voluntary running wheel exercise on the progression of androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate tumors to androgen independence. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:221-228. [PMID: 21660218 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the inhibitory effect of dietary atorvastatin, dietary celecoxib and voluntary running wheel exercise (RW) alone or in combination on the formation and growth of androgen-independent LNCaP tumors in castrated SCID mice. Male SCID mice were injected subcutaneously with androgen-dependent prostate cancer LNCaP cells. When the tumors reached a moderate size, the mice were surgically castrated and treated with atorvastatin (0.02% in the diet), celecoxib (0.05% in the diet) or RW alone or in combination for 42 days. RW or celecoxib alone had a moderate inhibitory effect on the androgen-independent growth of LNCaP tumors, but atorvastatin alone had little or no effect on tumor growth. Combinations of atorvastatin and celecoxib had a stronger inhibitory effect on the formation and growth of androgen-independent LNCaP tumors than either drug alone. A combination of RW together with atorvastatin and celecoxib had the most potent inhibitory effect on the progression of LNCaP tumors to androgen independent growth. The serum concentration of atorvastatin after two weeks of oral administration of atorvastatin was 6.1 ng/ml. The serum concentration of celecoxib after treatment with dietary celecoxib for two weeks was 1090 ng/ml. The serum concentration of atorvastatin but not that of celecoxib was substantially reduced when the two drugs were given in combination. The drug concentrations observed in our animal studies are comparable or less than those commonly found in humans treated with atorvastatin or celecoxib. Our results indicate that administration of atorvastatin and celecoxib together with voluntary exercise may be an effective strategy for the prevention of prostate cancer progression from androgen dependence to androgen independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Piranda DN, Festa-Vasconcellos JS, Amaral LM, Bergmann A, Vianna-Jorge R. Polymorphisms in regulatory regions of cyclooxygenase-2 gene and breast cancer risk in Brazilians: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:613. [PMID: 21059239 PMCID: PMC2992523 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is up-regulated in several types of cancer, and it is hypothesized that COX-2 expression may be genetically influenced. Here, we evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COX-2 gene (PTGS2) and the occurrence of breast cancer among Brazilian women. Methods The study was conducted prospectively in two steps: First, we screened the promoter region and three fragments of the 3'-untranslated region of PTGS2 from 67 healthy Brazilians to identify SNPs and to select those with a minor allele frequency (MAF) of at least 0.10. The MAF of these selected SNPs was further characterized in 402 healthy volunteers to evaluate potential differences related to heterogeneous racial admixture and to estimate the existence of linkage disequilibrium among the SNPs. The second step was a case-control study with 318 patients and 273 controls designed to evaluate PTGS2 genotype- or haplotype-associated risk of breast cancer. Results The screening analysis indicated nine SNPs with the following MAFs: rs689465 (0.22), rs689466 (0.15), rs20415 (0.007), rs20417 (0.32), rs20419 (0.015), rs5270 (0.02), rs20424 (0.007), rs5275 (0.22) and rs4648298 (0.01). The SNPs rs689465, rs689466, rs20417 and rs5275 were further studied: Their genotypic distributions followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the MAFs were not affected by gender or skin color. Strong linkage disequilibrium was detected for rs689465, rs20417 and rs5275 in the three possible pairwise combinations. In the case-control study, there was a significant increase of rs5275TC heterozygotes in cases compared to controls (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.01-2.06; P = 0.043), and the haplotype formed by rs689465G, rs689466A, rs20417G and rs5275C was only detected in cases. The apparent association with breast cancer was not confirmed for rs5275CC homozygotes or for the most frequent rs5275C-containing haplotypes. Conclusions Our results indicate no strong association between the four most frequent PTGS2 SNPs and the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo N Piranda
- Divisão de Farmacologia, Coordenação de Pesquisa Instituto Nacional do Câncer - INCA, RJ, Brazil
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Reese AC, Hardin J, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, Variation in Inflammatory Genes, and Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:3127-3142. [PMID: 24023525 PMCID: PMC3766748 DOI: 10.3390/ph3103127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that prostatic inflammation plays a key role in the development of prostate cancer. It remains controversial whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Here, we investigate how a previously reported inverse association between NSAID use and the risk of aggressive prostate cancer is modulated by variants in several inflammatory genes. We found that NSAIDs may have differential effects on prostate cancer development, depending on one’s genetic makeup. Further study of these inflammatory pathways may clarify the mechanisms through which NSAIDs impact prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Reese
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (A.C.R.)
| | - Jill Hardin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (J.H.)
| | - Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawai`i, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Urology, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (A.C.R.)
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California at San Francisco, 1450 3 Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; E-Mail: (J.H.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-415-502-6882; Fax: +1-415-476-1356
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Jeong HS, Choi HY, Lee ER, Kim JH, Jeon K, Lee HJ, Cho SG. Involvement of caspase-9 in autophagy-mediated cell survival pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2010; 1813:80-90. [PMID: 20888374 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 09/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been considered for use in the prevention and treatment of cancer malignancy. FR122047 (FR) is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, but the anticancer activity of the chemical has not yet been identified. In the present study, we could find that treatment of breast cancer MCF-7 cells with FR led to apoptosis accompanying with apparent activation of caspases. Treatment of caspase-specific inhibitors revealed that FR-induced apoptosis was caspase-8-dependent and inhibition of caspase-9 activity resulted in unexpected, marked enhancement of cell death. Knockdown of caspase-9 expression by specific siRNA caused increased susceptibility to FR-induced cell death, consistent with the results obtained with treatment of caspase-9 inhibitor. Inhibition of caspase-9 blocked the autophagic process by modulating lysosomal pH and acid-dependent cathepsin activities and augmented cell death due to blockage of cytoprotective autophagy. MCF-7 cells treated with sulforaphane, an autophagy-inducing drug, also showed marked accumulation of LC3-II, and co-treatment with caspase-9 inhibitor brought about increased susceptibility to sulforaphane-induced cell death. Different from the cases with FR or sulforaphane, etoposide- or doxorubicin-induced cell death was suppressed with co-treatment of caspase-9 inhibitor, and the drugs failed to induce significant autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, our data originally suggest that inhibition of caspase-9 may block the autophagic flux and enhance cell death due to blockage of cytoprotective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Soon Jeong
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mahmud SM, Franco EL, Aprikian AG. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:1680-91. [PMID: 20091856 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk of prostate cancer remains controversial despite many observational epidemiological studies. We conducted a systematic meta-analysis of these studies to examine both the strength and the consistency of the association, and to explore sources of variability between studies. We searched 12 computerized literature databases for reports published before June 2008 and included any epidemiologic studies where the outcome was prostate cancer incidence or mortality, and the exposure was use of NSAIDs. Studies that met the inclusion criteria comprised 10 case-control and 14 cohort studies with a total of 24,230 prostate cancer cases. Studies that assessed the effect of aspirin use on total prostate cancer had a pooled odds ratio (POR) of 0.83 (95%CI: 0.77-0.89), whereas those that assessed the effect of aspirin on advanced prostate cancer had a POR of 0.81 (0.72-0.92). Studies that examined the effects of non-aspirin NSAIDs or all NSAIDs were less consistent but still suggestive of reduced risks. However, most reviewed studies were limited by exposure and disease misclassification, by inadequate information on dose and duration of use and by the possibility of screening and other biases. In conclusion, the epidemiologic evidence for a protective effect of aspirin and other NSAID use against prostate cancer is suggestive but not conclusive. There is a need for well-designed observational studies with adequate exposure measurements, accurate case definition, attention to latency effects, and careful adjustment for screening and other biases.
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Salinas CA, Kwon EM, FitzGerald LM, Feng Z, Nelson PS, Ostrander EA, Peters U, Stanford JL. Use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications in relation to prostate cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:578-90. [PMID: 20688905 PMCID: PMC2950822 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent interest has focused on the role that inflammation may play in the development of prostate cancer and whether use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) affects risk. In a population-based case-control study designed to investigate the relation between these medications and prostate cancer risk, detailed exposure data were analyzed from 1,001 cases diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2005, and 942 age-matched controls from King County, Washington. A significant 21% reduction in the risk of prostate cancer was observed among current users of aspirin compared with nonusers (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 0.96). Long-term use of aspirin (>5 years: odds ratio = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.96) and daily use of low-dose aspirin (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.90) were also associated with decreased risk. There was no evidence that the association with aspirin use varied by disease aggressiveness, but there was effect modification (P(interaction) = 0.02) with a genetic variant in prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) (rs12042763). Prostate cancer risk was not related to use of either nonaspirin NSAIDs or acetaminophen. These results contribute further evidence that aspirin may have chemopreventive activity against prostate cancer and highlight the need for additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia A Salinas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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