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Ahmad F, Ma L, Wei W, Liu Y, Hakim I, Daugherty A, Mujahid S, Radin AA, Chua MS, So S. Identification and validation of microtubule depolymerizing agent, CYT997, as a potential drug candidate for hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2023; 43:2794-2807. [PMID: 37833852 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a typically fatal malignancy with limited treatment options and poor survival rates, despite recent FDA approvals of newer treatment options. We aim to address this unmet need by using a proprietary computational drug discovery platform that identifies drug candidates with the potential to advance rapidly and successfully through preclinical studies. METHODS We generated an in silico model of HCC biology to identify the top 10 small molecules with predicted efficacy. The most promising candidate, CYT997, was tested for its in vitro effects on cell viability and cell death, colony formation, cell cycle changes, and cell migration/invasion in HCC cells. We used an HCC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model to assess its in vivo efficacy. RESULTS CYT997 was significantly more cytotoxic against HCC cells than against primary human hepatocytes, and sensitized HCC cells to sorafenib. It arrested cell cycle at the G2/M phase with associated up-regulations of p21, p-MEK1/2, p-ERK, and down-regulation of cyclin B1. Cell apoptosis and senescence-like morphology were also observed. CYT997 inhibited HCC cell migration and invasion, and down-regulated the expressions of acetylated tubulins, β-tubulin, glypican-3 (GPC3), β-catenin, and c-Myc. In vivo, CYT997 (20 mg/kg, three times weekly by oral gavage) significantly inhibited PDX growth, while being non-toxic to mice. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the down-regulation of GPC3, c-Myc, and Ki-67, supporting its anti-proliferative effect. CONCLUSION CYT997 is a potentially efficacious and non-toxic drug candidate for HCC therapy. Its ability to down-regulate GPC3, β-catenin, and c-Myc highlights a novel mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiz Ahmad
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Isaac Hakim
- Aria Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Sana Mujahid
- Aria Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Mei-Sze Chua
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Samuel So
- Asian Liver Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Li Y, Du YF, Gao F, Xu JB, Zheng LL, Liu G, Lei Y. Taccalonolides: Structure, semi-synthesis, and biological activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968061. [PMID: 36034793 PMCID: PMC9407980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are the fundamental part of the cell cytoskeleton intimately involving in cell proliferation and are superb targets in clinical cancer therapy today. Microtubule stabilizers have become one of the effectively main agents in the last decades for the treatment of diverse cancers. Taccalonolides, the highly oxygenated pentacyclic steroids isolated from the genus of Tacca, are considered a class of novel microtubule-stabilizing agents. Taccalonolides not only possess a similar microtubule-stabilizing activity as the famous drug paclitaxel but also reverse the multi-drug resistance of paclitaxel and epothilone in cellular and animal models. Taccalonolides have captured numerous attention in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their variety of structures, unique mechanism of action, and low toxicity. This review focuses on the structural diversity, semi-synthesis, modification, and pharmacological activities of taccalonolides, providing bright thoughts for the discovery of microtubule-stabilizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Feng Du
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Bu Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Li Zheng, ; Gang Liu, ; Yu Lei,
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Li Zheng, ; Gang Liu, ; Yu Lei,
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Li Zheng, ; Gang Liu, ; Yu Lei,
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Liu L, O’Kelly D, Schuetze R, Carlson G, Zhou H, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP. Non-Invasive Evaluation of Acute Effects of Tubulin Binding Agents: A Review of Imaging Vascular Disruption in Tumors. Molecules 2021; 26:2551. [PMID: 33925707 PMCID: PMC8125421 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature proliferates rapidly, generally lacks pericyte coverage, and is uniquely fragile making it an attractive therapeutic target. A subset of small-molecule tubulin binding agents cause disaggregation of the endothelial cytoskeleton leading to enhanced vascular permeability generating increased interstitial pressure. The resulting vascular collapse and ischemia cause downstream hypoxia, ultimately leading to cell death and necrosis. Thus, local damage generates massive amplification and tumor destruction. The tumor vasculature is readily accessed and potentially a common target irrespective of disease site in the body. Development of a therapeutic approach and particularly next generation agents benefits from effective non-invasive assays. Imaging technologies offer varying degrees of sophistication and ease of implementation. This review considers technological strengths and weaknesses with examples from our own laboratory. Methods reveal vascular extent and patency, as well as insights into tissue viability, proliferation and necrosis. Spatiotemporal resolution ranges from cellular microscopy to single slice tomography and full three-dimensional views of whole tumors and measurements can be sufficiently rapid to reveal acute changes or long-term outcomes. Since imaging is non-invasive, each tumor may serve as its own control making investigations particularly efficient and rigorous. The concept of tumor vascular disruption was proposed over 30 years ago and it remains an active area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Devin O’Kelly
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Regan Schuetze
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Graham Carlson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Heling Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA; (G.C.); (M.L.T.); (K.G.P.)
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (L.L.); (D.O.); (R.S.); (H.Z.)
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HBV Core Promoter Inhibition by Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitor (SRI-32007). Adv Virol 2020; 2020:8844061. [PMID: 33110426 PMCID: PMC7582060 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8844061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 257 million people chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) worldwide are at risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, despite the availability of potent nucleoside/tide inhibitors, currently there are no curative therapies for chronic HBV infections. To identify potential new antiviral molecules, a select group of compounds previously evaluated in clinical studies were tested against 12 different viruses. Amongst the compounds tested, SRI-32007 (CYT997) demonstrated antiviral activity against HBV (genotype D) in HepG2.2.2.15 cell-based virus yield assay with 50% effective concentration (EC50) and selectivity index (SI) of 60.1 nM and 7.2, respectively. Anti-HBV activity of SRI-32007 was further confirmed against HBV genotype B in huh7 cells with secreted HBe antigen endpoint (EC50 40 nM and SI 250). To determine the stage of HBV life cycle inhibited by SRI-32007, time of addition experiment was conducted in HepG2-NTCP cell-based HBV infectious assay. Results indicated that SRI-32007 retained anti-HBV activity even when added 72 hours postinfection (72 h). Additional mechanism of action studies demonstrated potent inhibition of HBV core promoter activity by SRI-32007 with an EC50 of 40 nM and SI of >250. This study demonstrates anti-HBV activity of a repurposed compound SRI-32007 through inhibition of HBV core promoter activity. Further evaluation of SRI-32007 in HBV animal models is needed to confirm its activity in vivo. Our experiments illustrate the utility of repurposing strategy to identify novel antiviral chemical leads. HBV core promoter inhibitors such as SRI-32007 might enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies to combat HBV infections.
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Lorza AMA, Ravi H, Philip RC, Galons JP, Trouard TP, Parra NA, Von Hoff DD, Read WL, Tibes R, Korn RL, Raghunand N. Dose-response assessment by quantitative MRI in a phase 1 clinical study of the anti-cancer vascular disrupting agent crolibulin. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14449. [PMID: 32879326 PMCID: PMC7468301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71246-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular disrupting agent crolibulin binds to the colchicine binding site and produces anti-vascular and apoptotic effects. In a multisite phase 1 clinical study of crolibulin (NCT00423410), we measured treatment-induced changes in tumor perfusion and water diffusivity (ADC) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), and computed correlates of crolibulin pharmacokinetics. 11 subjects with advanced solid tumors were imaged by MRI at baseline and 2–3 days post-crolibulin (13–24 mg/m2). ADC maps were computed from DW-MRI. Pre-contrast T1 maps were computed, co-registered with the DCE-MRI series, and maps of area-under-the-gadolinium-concentration-curve-at-90 s (AUC90s) and the Extended Tofts Model parameters ktrans, ve, and vp were calculated. There was a strong correlation between higher plasma drug \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${C}^{max}$$\end{document}Cmax and a linear combination of (1) reduction in tumor fraction with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${AUC}_{90s}>15.8$$\end{document}AUC90s>15.8 mM s, and, (2) increase in tumor fraction with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${v}_{e}<0.3$$\end{document}ve<0.3. A higher plasma drug AUC was correlated with a linear combination of (1) increase in tumor fraction with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${\text{ADC}} < 1.1 \times 10^{ - 3} \;{\text{mm}}^{2} /{\text{s}}$$\end{document}ADC<1.1×10-3mm2/s, and, (2) increase in tumor fraction with \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$v_{e}<0.3$$\end{document}ve<0.3. These findings are suggestive of cell swelling and decreased tumor perfusion 2–3 days post-treatment with crolibulin. The multivariable linear regression models reported here can inform crolibulin dosing in future clinical studies of crolibulin combined with cytotoxic or immune-oncology agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres M Arias Lorza
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB-4, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Harshan Ravi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB-4, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Rohit C Philip
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | | | - Theodore P Trouard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Nestor A Parra
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB-4, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Daniel D Von Hoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA.,HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - William L Read
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raoul Tibes
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Julius Maximilians University and Medical Center, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Natarajan Raghunand
- Department of Cancer Physiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, SRB-4, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA. .,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Cao Y, Wang J, Tian H, Fu GH. Mitochondrial ROS accumulation inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a critical modulator of CYT997-induced autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:119. [PMID: 32576206 PMCID: PMC7310559 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a common form of malignant cancer in worldwide which has a poor prognosis. Despite recent improvements in the treatment of GC, the prognosis is not yet satisfactory for GC patients. CYT997, a novel microtubule-targeting agent, recently has been identified to be a promising anticancer candidate for the treatment of cancers; however, the effects of CYT997 in GC remain largely unknown. Methods Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK8 assay and flow cytometry. The mitochondrial ROS were detected by confocal microscope and flow cytometry. Gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model was used to evaluate its antitumor activity of CYT997 in vivo. Results CYT997 inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis and triggered autophagy. CYT997 induced apoptosis through triggering intracellular mitochondrial ROS generation in GC cells. ROS scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) distinctly weakened CYT997-induced cell cycle G2/M arrest and apoptosis in GC cells. Pretreatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-MA promoted the effect of CYT997 on cells apoptosis. Mechanistically, CYT997 performed its function through regulation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in GC cells. In addition, CYT997 inhibited growth of gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors. Conclusions CYT997 induces autophagy and apoptosis in gastric cancer by triggering mitochondrial ROS accumulation to silence JAK2/STAT3 pathway. CYT997 might be a potential antitumor drug candidate to treat GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hua Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 25/Ln 2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Guo-Hui Fu
- Pathology Center, Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Institutes of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 280, South Chong-Qing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Wang Z, Yin F, Xu J, Zhang T, Wang G, Mao M, Wang Z, Sun W, Han J, Yang M, Jiang Y, Hua Y, Cai Z. CYT997(Lexibulin) induces apoptosis and autophagy through the activation of mutually reinforced ER stress and ROS in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:44. [PMID: 30704503 PMCID: PMC6357486 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common malignant cancer in children and adolescents and has a cure rate that has not improved in the last two decades. CYT997 (lexibulin) is a novel potent microtubule-targeting agent with various anticancer activities, such as proliferation inhibition, vascular disruption, and cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction, in multiple cancers. However, the direct cytotoxic mechanisms of CYT997 have not yet been fully characterized. Methods We evaluated apoptosis and autophagy in human osteosarcomas after treatment with CYT997 and investigated the underlying mechanisms. To explore relationships, we used the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, ERO1 inhibitor EN460 and mitochondrial targeted protection peptide elamipretide. BALB/c-nu mice were inoculated with 143B tumor cells to investigate the in vivo effect of CYT997. Results We explored the efficacy and mechanism of CYT997 in osteosarcoma (OS) in vitro and in vivo and demonstrated that CYT997 potently suppresses cell viability and induces apoptosis and autophagy. CYT997 triggered production of ROS and exerted lethal effects via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in OS cells. NAC attenuated these effects. The PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, which can block the ER stress pathway, reduced ROS production and enhanced cell viability. Moreover, activation of ERO1 in the ER stress pathway was responsible for inducing ROS production. ROS produced by the mitochondrial pathway also aggravate ER stress. Protection of mitochondria can reduce apoptosis and autophagy. Finally, CYT997 prominently reduced tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions This study suggests that CYT997 induces apoptosis and autophagy in OS cells by triggering mutually enhanced ER stress and ROS and may thus be a promising agent against OS. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1047-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Gangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Ming Mao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Mengkai Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Yafei Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China
| | - Yingqi Hua
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China.
| | - Zhengdong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Bone Tumor Institute, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Poster address: 100 Haining Road Shanghai, Shanghai, 20160, China.
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Schmitt F, Gold M, Rothemund M, Andronache I, Biersack B, Schobert R, Mueller T. New naphthopyran analogues of LY290181 as potential tumor vascular-disrupting agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 163:160-168. [PMID: 30503940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 19 analogues of the antiproliferative naphthopyran LY290181 were prepared for structure-activity relationship studies. We found the best activities for test compounds bearing small substituents at the meta position of the phenyl ring. The mode of action of LY290181 and eight new analogues was studied in detail. The compounds were highly anti-proliferative with IC50 values in the sub-nanomolar to triple-digit nanomolar range. The new analogues led to G2/M arrest due to interruption of the microtubule dynamics. In 518A2 melanoma cells they caused a mitotic catastrophe which eventually led to apoptosis. The naphthopyrans also induced a disruption of the vasculature in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs as well as in xenograft tumors in mice. In a preliminary therapy trial, the difluoro derivative 2b retarded the growth of resistant xenograft tumors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Madeleine Gold
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Rothemund
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Ion Andronache
- University of Bucharest, Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial Management, 4-12, Regina Elisabeta Avenue, Bucharest, 3rd District, 030018, Romania
| | - Bernhard Biersack
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Straße 40, 06120, Halle, Germany
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Lei X, Chen M, Huang M, Li X, Shi C, Zhang D, Luo L, Zhang Y, Ma N, Chen H, Liang H, Ye W, Zhang D. Desacetylvinblastine Monohydrazide Disrupts Tumor Vessels by Promoting VE-cadherin Internalization. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:384-398. [PMID: 29290815 PMCID: PMC5743555 DOI: 10.7150/thno.22222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinca alkaloids, the well-known tubulin-binding agents, are widely used for the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, little attention has been paid to their vascular disrupting effects, and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aims to investigate the vascular disrupting effect and the underlying mechanisms of vinca alkaloids. Methods: The capillary disruption assay and aortic ring assay were performed to evaluate the in vitro vascular disrupting effect of desacetylvinblastine monohydrazide (DAVLBH), a derivate of vinblastine, and the in vivo vascular disrupting effect was assessed on HepG2 xenograft model using magnetic resonance imaging, hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Tubulin polymerization, endothelial cell monolayer permeability, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms of DAVLBH-mediated tumor vascular disruption. Results: DAVLBH has potent vascular disrupting activity both in vitro and in vivo. DAVLBH disrupts tumor vessels in a different manner than classical tubulin-targeting VDAs; it inhibits microtubule polymerization, promotes the internalization of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and inhibits the recycling of internalized VE-cadherin to the cell membrane, thus increasing endothelial cell permeability and ultimately resulting in vascular disruption. DAVLBH-mediated promotion of VE-cadherin internalization and inhibition of internalized VE-cadherin recycling back to the cell membrane are partly dependent on inhibition of microtubule polymerization, and Src activation is involved in DAVLBH-induced VE-cadherin internalization. Conclusions: This study sheds light on the tumor vascular disrupting effect and underlying mechanisms of vinca alkaloids and provides new insight into the molecular mechanism of tubulin-targeting VDAs.
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Rossington SB, Hadfield JA, Shnyder SD, Wallace TW, Williams KJ. Tubulin-binding dibenz[c,e]oxepines: Part 2. Structural variation and biological evaluation as tumour vasculature disrupting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1630-1642. [PMID: 28143677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Dihydro-3,9,10,11-tetramethoxybenz[c,e]oxepin-4-ol 1, prepared from a dibenzyl ether precursor via Pd-catalysed intramolecular direct arylation, possesses broad-spectrum in vitro cytotoxicity towards various tumour cell lines, and induces vascular shutdown, necrosis and growth delay in tumour xenografts in mice at sub-toxic doses. The biological properties of 1 and related compounds can be attributed to their ability to inhibit microtubule assembly at the micromolar level, by binding reversibly to the same site of the tubulin αβ-heterodimer as colchicine 2 and the allocolchinol, N-acetylcolchinol 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Rossington
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - John A Hadfield
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Timothy W Wallace
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Wang Y, Zhang H, Gigant B, Yu Y, Wu Y, Chen X, Lai Q, Yang Z, Chen Q, Yang J. Structures of a diverse set of colchicine binding site inhibitors in complex with tubulin provide a rationale for drug discovery. FEBS J 2015; 283:102-11. [PMID: 26462166 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Benoît Gigant
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC); CEA; CNRS; Université Paris-Sud; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Yamei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Yangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Xiangzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Zhaoya Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Wang Z, Dabrosin C, Yin X, Fuster MM, Arreola A, Rathmell WK, Generali D, Nagaraju GP, El-Rayes B, Ribatti D, Chen YC, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Nowsheen S, Amedei A, Niccolai E, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Helferich B, Yang X, Guha G, Bhakta D, Ciriolo MR, Aquilano K, Chen S, Halicka D, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bilsland A, Keith WN, Jensen LD. Broad targeting of angiogenesis for cancer prevention and therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S224-S243. [PMID: 25600295 PMCID: PMC4737670 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of angiogenesis – the growth of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature – is a main driving force in many severe human diseases including cancer. As such, tumor angiogenesis is important for delivering oxygen and nutrients to growing tumors, and therefore considered an essential pathologic feature of cancer, while also playing a key role in enabling other aspects of tumor pathology such as metabolic deregulation and tumor dissemination/metastasis. Recently, inhibition of tumor angiogenesis has become a clinical anti-cancer strategy in line with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, which underscore the critical importance of the angiogenic switch during early tumor development. Unfortunately the clinically approved anti-angiogenic drugs in use today are only effective in a subset of the patients, and many who initially respond develop resistance over time. Also, some of the anti-angiogenic drugs are toxic and it would be of great importance to identify alternative compounds, which could overcome these drawbacks and limitations of the currently available therapy. Finding “the most important target” may, however, prove a very challenging approach as the tumor environment is highly diverse, consisting of many different cell types, all of which may contribute to tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, the tumor cells themselves are genetically unstable, leading to a progressive increase in the number of different angiogenic factors produced as the cancer progresses to advanced stages. As an alternative approach to targeted therapy, options to broadly interfere with angiogenic signals by a mixture of non-toxic natural compound with pleiotropic actions were viewed by this team as an opportunity to develop a complementary anti-angiogenesis treatment option. As a part of the “Halifax Project” within the “Getting to know cancer” framework, we have here, based on a thorough review of the literature, identified 10 important aspects of tumor angiogenesis and the pathological tumor vasculature which would be well suited as targets for anti-angiogenic therapy: (1) endothelial cell migration/tip cell formation, (2) structural abnormalities of tumor vessels, (3) hypoxia, (4) lymphangiogenesis, (5) elevated interstitial fluid pressure, (6) poor perfusion, (7) disrupted circadian rhythms, (8) tumor promoting inflammation, (9) tumor promoting fibroblasts and (10) tumor cell metabolism/acidosis. Following this analysis, we scrutinized the available literature on broadly acting anti-angiogenic natural products, with a focus on finding qualitative information on phytochemicals which could inhibit these targets and came up with 10 prototypical phytochemical compounds: (1) oleanolic acid, (2) tripterine, (3) silibinin, (4) curcumin, (5) epigallocatechin-gallate, (6) kaempferol, (7) melatonin, (8) enterolactone, (9) withaferin A and (10) resveratrol. We suggest that these plant-derived compounds could be combined to constitute a broader acting and more effective inhibitory cocktail at doses that would not be likely to cause excessive toxicity. All the targets and phytochemical approaches were further cross-validated against their effects on other essential tumorigenic pathways (based on the “hallmarks” of cancer) in order to discover possible synergies or potentially harmful interactions, and were found to generally also have positive involvement in/effects on these other aspects of tumor biology. The aim is that this discussion could lead to the selection of combinations of such anti-angiogenic compounds which could be used in potent anti-tumor cocktails, for enhanced therapeutic efficacy, reduced toxicity and circumvention of single-agent anti-angiogenic resistance, as well as for possible use in primary or secondary cancer prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xin Yin
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System & University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark M Fuster
- Medicine and Research Services, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System & University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Arreola
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - W Kimryn Rathmell
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniele Generali
- Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomics Unit, AO Isituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Ganji P Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bassel El-Rayes
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; National Cancer Institute Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Yi Charlie Chen
- Department of Biology, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV, USA
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroplasty and Regenerative Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Arthroplasty and Regenerative Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirate University, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirate University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bill Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Bio Technology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | | | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guilford, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Lasse D Jensen
- Department of Medical, and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Chen X, Yang C, Xu Y, Zhou H, Liu H, Qian W. The microtubule depolymerizing agent CYT997 effectively kills acute myeloid leukemia cells via activation of caspases and inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway proteins. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:299-304. [PMID: 24137178 PMCID: PMC3786882 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The orally active microtubule-depolymerizing agent CYT997 is potently cytotoxic to a variety of tumors in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of this agent on acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells and its mechanisms are unknown. The present study demonstrated that CYT997 effectively inhibited the growth of AML cells in vitro. Treatment of AML cells with CYT997 resulted in G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and induced apoptosis through the activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Furthermore, CYT997 induced cell death in CD123+ leukemia cells and significantly reduced leukemia colony formation. CYT997 was also demonstrated to exert dual effects on the expression of PI3K/Akt and mechanistic target of rampamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway proteins. Therefore, CTY997, used alone or in combination with chemotherapy, may represent a promising approach for the treatment of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015
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Evaluation of cell death mechanisms induced by the vascular disrupting agent OXi4503 during a phase I clinical trial. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1766-71. [PMID: 22538971 PMCID: PMC3364117 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: OXi4503 is a tubulin-binding vascular disrupting agent that has recently completed a Cancer Research UK-sponsored phase I trial. Preclinical studies demonstrated early drug-induced apoptosis in tumour endothelial cells at 1–3 h and secondary tumour cell necrosis between 6 and 72 h. Methods: To capture both possible outcomes of OXi4503 treatment on cell death, plasma samples for analysis by M30 and M65 ELISAs, which measure different circulating forms of cytokeratin 18 as biomarkers of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively, were collected from patients entered into the trial at early (4/6 h) and later time points (24 h, day 8 and day 15). Results: OXi4503 induced a selective dose-dependent elevation in M30 antigen levels (apoptosis) at 4/6 h and a similar elevation in M65 antigen levels at 24 h (necrosis) consistent with its preclinical cell death profile. For the purposes of investigating potential biomarker relationships to patient characteristics, the trial population was divided into three groups based on radiological and clinical response: (a) early progression, (b) progressive disease and (c) stable disease (SD)/partial response. A significant increase in antigen concentrations was measured by M65 at 24 h in the SD group compared with the two other groups (P=0.015, mean increase 30.9%). Conclusion: These results provide pharmacodynamic evidence of drug mechanism of action in cancer patients and highlight the M65 ELISA as a potentially useful biomarker assay of response to OXi4503.
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Phase I, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of CYT997, an orally-bioavailable cytotoxic and vascular-disrupting agent. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:126-35. [PMID: 22451157 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CYT997 is a novel microtubule inhibitor and vascular disrupting agent. This phase I trial examined the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and vascular-disrupting effects of orally-administered CYT997. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed a phase I accelerated dose-escalation study of CYT997 given orally once every 2 to 3 weeks in patients with advanced solid tumours. Vascular disruption was assessed by measurement of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) levels and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI). RESULTS A total of 56 doses were administered to 21 patients over 8 dose levels (15-164 mg/m(2)). Grade 3 fatigue and grade 3 hypoxia were dose limiting. Oral bioavailability was observed with approximate linear pharmacokinetics over the 11-fold dose range. At doses of 84 mg/m(2) and above, plasma vWF levels increased above baseline and DCE-MRI scans showed reductions in tumour K(trans) in some patients. CONCLUSIONS CYT997 is orally bioavailable. The 118 mg/m(2) dose level should be used to guide dosing in future studies.
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Lee HY, Chang JY, Nien CY, Kuo CC, Shih KH, Wu CH, Chang CY, Lai WY, Liou JP. 5-Amino-2-aroylquinolines as highly potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Part 2. The impact of bridging groups at position C-2. J Med Chem 2011; 54:8517-25. [PMID: 22060033 DOI: 10.1021/jm201031f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A variety of studies on the modification of combretastatin A-4 triggered our interest in the impact of the linkers between the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring and 5-amino-6-methoxyquinoline on biological activity. The replacement of the carbonyl group with bond, amine, ether, sulfide, and sulfone groups was evaluated in this study. The results showed that compounds 14 and 15 containing sulfide and sulfone groups between the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl ring (A-ring) and 5-amino-6-methoxyquinoline exhibited substantial antiproliferative activity against KB, HT29, and MKN45 cells with mean IC50 values of 42 and 12 nM, respectively. 15 inhibited the tubulin polymerization with an IC50 value of 2.0 μM, similar to that with CA4. The continued work on the C-5 substituents of 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoyl-6-methoxyquinoline derivatives demonstrated that compound 7 possessing OH at C-5 exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity with mean IC50 values of 3.4 nM and microtubule destabilizing potency with an IC50 of 1.5 μM, comparable to that of CA4 (IC50=1.9 μM). It also exhibited substantial vascular disrupting effects. Compounds 7 and 15 exhibited significant efficacy against MDR/MRP-related drug-resistant cell lines (KB-vin10, KB-S15, and KB-7D) with mean IC50 values of 6.7 and 2.6 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Burns CJ, Fantino E, Powell AK, Shnyder SD, Cooper PA, Nelson S, Christophi C, Malcontenti-Wilson C, Dubljevic V, Harte MF, Joffe M, Phillips ID, Segal D, Wilks AF, Smith GD. The microtubule depolymerizing agent CYT997 causes extensive ablation of tumor vasculature in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011; 339:799-806. [PMID: 21917561 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.186965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The orally active microtubule-disrupting agent (S)-1-ethyl-3-(2-methoxy-4-(5-methyl-4-((1-(pyridin-3-yl)butyl)amino)pyrimidin-2-yl)phenyl)urea (CYT997), reported previously by us (Bioorg Med Chem Lett 19:4639-4642, 2009; Mol Cancer Ther 8:3036-3045, 2009), is potently cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines in vitro and shows antitumor activity in vivo. In addition to its cytotoxic activity, CYT997 possesses antivascular effects on tumor vasculature. To further characterize the vascular disrupting activity of CYT997 in terms of dose and temporal effects, we studied the activity of the compound on endothelial cells in vitro and on tumor blood flow in vivo by using a variety of techniques. In vitro, CYT997 is shown to potently inhibit the proliferation of vascular endothelial growth factor-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (IC(50) 3.7 ± 1.8 nM) and cause significant morphological changes at 100 nM, including membrane blebbing. Using the method of corrosion casting visualized with scanning electron microscopy, a single dose of CYT997 (7.5 mg/kg i.p.) in a metastatic cancer model was shown to cause destruction of tumor microvasculature in metastatic lesions. Furthermore, repeat dosing of CYT997 at 10 mg/kg and above (intraperitoneally, b.i.d.) was shown to effectively inhibit development of liver metastases. The time and dose dependence of the antivascular effects were studied in a DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma xenograft model using the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. CYT997 demonstrated rapid and dose-dependent vascular shutdown, which persists for more than 24 h after a single oral dose. Together, the data demonstrate that CYT997 possesses potent antivascular activity and support continuing development of this promising compound.
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Flynn BL, Gill GS, Grobelny DW, Chaplin JH, Paul D, Leske AF, Lavranos TC, Chalmers DK, Charman SA, Kostewicz E, Shackleford DM, Morizzi J, Hamel E, Jung MK, Kremmidiotis G. Discovery of 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan (BNC105), a tubulin polymerization inhibitor with potent antiproliferative and tumor vascular disrupting properties. J Med Chem 2011; 54:6014-27. [PMID: 21774499 DOI: 10.1021/jm200454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A structure-activity relationship (SAR) guided design of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors has resulted in a series of benzo[b]furans with exceptional potency toward cancer cells and activated endothelial cells. The potency of early lead compounds has been substantially improved through the synergistic effect of introducing a conformational bias and additional hydrogen bond donor to the pharmacophore. Screening of a focused library of potent tubulin polymerization inhibitors for selectivity against cancer cells and activated endothelial cells over quiescent endothelial cells has afforded 7-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]furan (BNC105, 8) as a potent and selective antiproliferative. Because of poor solubility, 8 is administered as its disodium phosphate ester prodrug 9 (BNC105P), which is rapidly cleaved in vivo to return the active 8. 9 exhibits both superior vascular disrupting and tumor growth inhibitory properties compared with the benchmark agent combretastatin A-4 disodium phosphate 5 (CA4P).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L Flynn
- Bionomics Ltd., 31 Dalgleish Street, Thebarton, South Australia, 5031, Australia.
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Rischin D, Bibby DC, Chong G, Kremmidiotis G, Leske AF, Matthews CA, Wong SS, Rosen MA, Desai J. Clinical, pharmacodynamic, and pharmacokinetic evaluation of BNC105P: a phase I trial of a novel vascular disrupting agent and inhibitor of cancer cell proliferation. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:5152-60. [PMID: 21690571 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-0937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the recommended phase II dose and evaluate the safety and toxicity profile and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of BNC105P, an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization that has vascular disrupting and antiproliferative effects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN BNC105P was administered as a 10-minute infusion on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle in a first-in-human phase I study. A dynamic accelerated dose titration method was used for dose escalation. Plasma concentrations of BNC105P (phosphate prodrug) and BNC105 (active agent) were determined. PD assessments were carried out using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI and analysis of a blood-borne biomarker. RESULTS Twenty-one subjects with advanced solid tumors were enrolled on 6 dose levels (range: 2.1-18.9 mg/m(2)). The recommended dose level was 16 mg/m(2) and was well tolerated. BNC105P (prodrug) rapidly converted to BNC105 with a half-life of 0.13 hours. Plasma concentrations of BNC105 generally increased in proportion to dose with a half-life of 0.57 hours. Pharmacodymanically active plasma levels were obtained with a dose dependant reduction in the levels of polymerized tubulin (on-target action) being observed in PBMCs. DCE-MRI also indicated blood flow changes in the tumor lesions of a number of subjects. CONCLUSIONS BNC105P has a favorable toxicity profile at the recommended dose of 16 mg/m(2) and is associated with PD changes consistent with its known mechanism of action. Phase II studies in renal cancer and mesothelioma have commenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Rischin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre/University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mason RP, Zhao D, Liu L, Trawick ML, Pinney KG. A perspective on vascular disrupting agents that interact with tubulin: preclinical tumor imaging and biological assessment. Integr Biol (Camb) 2011; 3:375-87. [PMID: 21321746 PMCID: PMC3071431 DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment provides a rich source of potential targets for selective therapeutic intervention with properly designed anticancer agents. Significant physiological differences exist between the microvessels that nourish tumors and those that supply healthy tissue. Selective drug-mediated damage of these tortuous and chaotic microvessels starves a tumor of necessary nutrients and oxygen and eventually leads to massive tumor necrosis. Vascular targeting strategies in oncology are divided into two separate groups: angiogenesis inhibiting agents (AIAs) and vascular disrupting agents (VDAs). The mechanisms of action between these two classes of compounds are profoundly distinct. The AIAs inhibit the actual formation of new vessels, while the VDAs damage and/or destroy existing tumor vasculature. One subset of small-molecule VDAs functions by inhibiting the assembly of tubulin into microtubules, thus causing morphology changes to the endothelial cells lining the tumor vasculature, triggered by a cascade of cell signaling events. Ultimately this results in catastrophic damage to the vessels feeding the tumor. The rapid emergence and subsequent development of the VDA field over the past decade has led to the establishment of a synergistic combination of preclinical state-of-the-art tumor imaging and biological evaluation strategies that are often indicative of future clinical efficacy for a given VDA. This review focuses on an integration of the appropriate biochemical and biological tools necessary to assess (preclinically) new small-molecule, tubulin active VDAs for their potential to be clinically effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Dawen Zhao
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9058 USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, One Bear Place #97348, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7348, USA
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