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Barnes NG, Ahmed Mal Ullah AA, Ragazzon PA, Charafi N, Hadfield JA. Syntheses of Combretastatin A‐4 and Related Stilbenes by Using Aqueous Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G. Barnes
- Kidscan Laboratories Cockcroft Building School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK M5 4WT
- Department of Chemistry University College London London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Amjed A. Ahmed Mal Ullah
- Kidscan Laboratories Cockcroft Building School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK M5 4WT
- Chemistry Department Science College University of Basrah Iraq
| | - Patricia A. Ragazzon
- Kidscan Laboratories Cockcroft Building School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK M5 4WT
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering Keele University Newcastle ST5 5BG UK
| | - Nadia Charafi
- Kidscan Laboratories Cockcroft Building School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK M5 4WT
| | - John A. Hadfield
- Kidscan Laboratories Cockcroft Building School of Science Engineering and Environment University of Salford Salford UK M5 4WT
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Abstract
In this study, we describe a microwave-based click chemistry method used to prepare a family
of novel bis-flavone dimers. The substituted 7-hydroxy and 4’-hydroxy flavonoids were linked
through a triazole ring. The compounds were easily synthesized and purified in high yields. The bisflavonoids
were tested on different cell lines including HCT116, HepG2, MCF7 and MOLT-4. Several
analogues showed to have anticancer activity with IC50 values in the range of 20-60 μM. Flavonoids
are known for their anticancer properties and this method provides the basis for new medicinal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGown
- Biomedical Research Centre, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Abby Ragazzon-Smith
- Biomedical Research Centre, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hadfield
- Biomedical Research Centre, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Herman Potgetier
- School of Science and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Rossington SB, Hadfield JA, Shnyder SD, Wallace TW, Williams KJ. Tubulin-binding dibenz[c,e]oxepines: Part 2. Structural variation and biological evaluation as tumour vasculature disrupting agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:1630-1642. [PMID: 28143677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
5,7-Dihydro-3,9,10,11-tetramethoxybenz[c,e]oxepin-4-ol 1, prepared from a dibenzyl ether precursor via Pd-catalysed intramolecular direct arylation, possesses broad-spectrum in vitro cytotoxicity towards various tumour cell lines, and induces vascular shutdown, necrosis and growth delay in tumour xenografts in mice at sub-toxic doses. The biological properties of 1 and related compounds can be attributed to their ability to inhibit microtubule assembly at the micromolar level, by binding reversibly to the same site of the tubulin αβ-heterodimer as colchicine 2 and the allocolchinol, N-acetylcolchinol 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Rossington
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - John A Hadfield
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK
| | - Steven D Shnyder
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Timothy W Wallace
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Kaye J Williams
- Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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4
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Killoran PM, Rossington SB, Wilkinson JA, Hadfield JA. Expanding the scope of the Babler–Dauben oxidation: 1,3-oxidative transposition of secondary allylic alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Scherer KM, Bisby RH, Botchway SW, Hadfield JA, Haycock JW, Parker AW. Three-dimensional imaging and uptake of the anticancer drug combretastatin in cell spheroids and photoisomerization in gels with multiphoton excitation. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:78003. [PMID: 26146878 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.7.078003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of E -combretastatins, potential prodrugs of the anticancer Z -isomers, into multicellular spheroids has been imaged by intrinsic fluorescence in three dimensions using two-photon excited fluorescence lifetime imaging with 625-nm ultrafast femtosecond laser pulses. Uptake is initially observed at the spheroid periphery but extends to the spheroid core within 30 min. Using agarose gels as a three-dimensional model, the conversion of Z(trans)→E(cis) via two-photon photoisomerization is demonstrated and the location of this photochemical process may be precisely selected within the micron scale in all three dimensions at depths up to almost 2 mm. We discuss these results for enhanced tissue penetration at longer near-infrared wavelengths for cancer therapy and up to three-photon excitation and imaging using 930-nm laser pulses with suitable combretastatin analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Scherer
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - Roger H Bisby
- University of Salford, Biomedical Research Centre, Kidscan Laboratories, Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hadfield
- University of Salford, Biomedical Research Centre, Kidscan Laboratories, Salford, Greater Manchester, M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - John W Haycock
- University of Sheffield, Kroto Research Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
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Scherer KM, Bisby RH, Botchway SW, Hadfield JA, Parker AW. Anticancer phototherapy using activation of E-combretastatins by two-photon-induced isomerization. J Biomed Opt 2015; 20:051004. [PMID: 25347575 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The photoisomerization of relatively nontoxic E-combretastatins to clinically active Z-isomers is shown to occur in solution through both one- and two-photon excitations at 340 and 625 nm, respectively. The photoisomerization is also demonstrated to induce mammalian cell death by a two-photon absorption process at 625 nm. Unlike conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT), the mechanism of photoisomerization is oxygen-independent and active in hypoxic environments such as in tumors. The use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light for two-photon excitation allows greater tissue penetration than conventional UV one-photon excitation. The results provide a baseline for the development of a novel phototherapy that overcomes nondiscriminative systemic toxicity of Z-combretastatins and the limitations of PDT drugs that require the presence of oxygen to promote their activity, with the added benefits of two-photon red or NIR excitation for deeper tissue penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin M Scherer
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0FA, United KingdombUniversity of Salford, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Roger H Bisby
- University of Salford, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
| | - John A Hadfield
- University of Salford, Biomedical Research Centre, Salford, Greater Manchester M5 4WT, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony W Parker
- Research Complex at Harwell, Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0FA, United Kingdom
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Hadfield JA, Hirst N, Gaukroger K, Lawrence NJ, McGown AT. A practical radiosynthesis of a tritium-labelled fluorocombretastatin. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Hadfield
- Kidscan Laboratories, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Manchester; M5 4WT; UK
| | - Nicholas Hirst
- Kidscan Laboratories, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Manchester; M5 4WT; UK
| | - Keira Gaukroger
- Department of Drug Development and Imaging; Paterson Institute for Cancer Research; Wilmslow Road; Manchester; M20 4BX; UK
| | - Nicholas J. Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery; Moffitt Cancer Center; 12902 Magnolia Drive; Tampa; FL; 33612; USA
| | - Alan T. McGown
- Kidscan Laboratories, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Environment and Life Sciences; University of Salford; Manchester; M5 4WT; UK
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Bisby RH, Botchway SW, Hadfield JA, McGown AT, Parker AW, Scherer KM. Fluorescence lifetime imaging of E-combretastatin uptake and distribution in live mammalian cells. Eur J Cancer 2011; 48:1896-903. [PMID: 22209092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To investigate within live mammalian cells the uptake and disposition of combretastatins, fluorescence lifetime imaging was used with two-photon excitation (2PE). Combretastatin A4 (CA4) and analogues are potential anticancer drugs due to their ability to inhibit angiogenesis. E(trans)-combretastatins are considerably less active than the Z(cis)-combretastatins proposed for clinical use. However the E-combretastatins exhibit stronger intrinsic fluorescence with quantum yields and lifetimes that depend markedly on solvent polarity and viscosity. It is proposed that 2PE in the red and near-infrared tissue window may allow in situ isomerization of E-combretastatins to the more active Z-isomer, offering spatial and temporal control of drug activation and constitute a novel form of photodynamic therapy. In the present work we have characterised 2PE of E-CA4 and have used fluorescence lifetime imaging with 2PE to study uptake and intracellular disposition of E-CA4 and an analogue. The results show that these molecules accumulate rapidly in cells and are located mainly in lipidic environments such as lipid droplets. Within the droplets the local concentrations may be up to two orders of magnitude higher than that of the drug in the surrounding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger H Bisby
- School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford M5 4WT, UK.
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10
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Edwards DJ, Hadfield JA, Wallace TW, Ducki S. Tubulin-binding dibenz[c,e]oxepines as colchinol analogues for targeting tumour vasculature. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:219-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob00500b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Hampson L, He XT, Oliver AW, Hadfield JA, Kemp T, Butler J, McGown A, Kitchener HC, Hampson IN. Analogues of Y27632 increase gap junction communication and suppress the formation of transformed NIH3T3 colonies. Br J Cancer 2009; 101:829-39. [PMID: 19707205 PMCID: PMC2736836 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Constitutive activation of RhoA-dependent RhoA kinase (ROCK) signalling is known to promote cellular transformation and the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 has the ability to suppress focus formation of RhoA transformed NIH3T3 cells. METHODS Sixty-four novel structural analogues of Y27632 were synthesised and tested for their ability to persistently inhibit the transformation of NIH3T3 cells by Rho guanidine exchange factor 16 (ARHGEF16) or Ras. In vitro kinase inhibitor profiling, co-culture of transformed cells with non-transformed cells and a novel Lucifer yellow/PKH67 dye transfer method were used to investigate their mode of action. RESULTS Four Y27632 analogues inhibited transformed focus formation that persisted when the compound was withdrawn. No toxicity was observed against either transformed or non-transformed cells and the effect was dependent on co-culture of these two cell types. In vitro kinase inhibitor profiling indicated that these compounds had reduced activity against ROCK compared with Y27632, targeting instead Aurora A (AURKA), p38 (MAPK14) and Hgk (MAP4K4). Dye transfer analysis showed they increased gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between transformed and non-transformed cells. CONCLUSIONS These data are the first to suggest that transient blockade of specific kinases can induce a persistent inhibition of non-contact inhibited transformed colony formation and can also remove pre-formed colonies. These effects could potentially be mediated by the observed increase in GJIC between transformed and non-transformed cells. Selection of kinase inhibitors with this property may thus provide a novel strategy for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hampson
- University of Manchester School of Cancer Studies and Imaging Science, Gynaecological Oncology Laboratories, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 OJH, UK
| | - X T He
- University of Manchester School of Cancer Studies and Imaging Science, Gynaecological Oncology Laboratories, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 OJH, UK
| | - A W Oliver
- University of Manchester School of Cancer Studies and Imaging Science, Gynaecological Oncology Laboratories, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 OJH, UK
| | - J A Hadfield
- Centre for Molecular Drug Design, Kidscan Laboratories, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - T Kemp
- Centre for Molecular Drug Design, Kidscan Laboratories, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - J Butler
- Centre for Molecular Drug Design, Kidscan Laboratories, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - A McGown
- Centre for Molecular Drug Design, Kidscan Laboratories, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK
| | - H C Kitchener
- University of Manchester School of Cancer Studies and Imaging Science, Gynaecological Oncology Laboratories, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 OJH, UK
| | - I N Hampson
- University of Manchester School of Cancer Studies and Imaging Science, Gynaecological Oncology Laboratories, St Mary's Hospital, Hathersage Road, Manchester M13 OJH, UK
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Romagnoli R, Baraldi PG, Carrion MD, Lopez Cara C, Preti D, Fruttarolo F, Pavani MG, Tabrizi MA, Tolomeo M, Grimaudo S, Di Cristina A, Balzarini J, Hadfield JA, Brancale A, Hamel E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2- and 3-Aminobenzo[b]thiophene Derivatives as Antimitotic Agents and Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization. J Med Chem 2007; 50:2273-7. [PMID: 17419607 DOI: 10.1021/jm070050f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of inhibitors of tubulin polymerization based on the 2-amino-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]thiophene molecular skeleton and its 3-amino positional isomer were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activity, inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and cell cycle effects. Although many more 3-amino derivatives have been synthesized so far, the most promising compound in this series was 2-amino-6-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)benzo[b]thiophene, which inhibits cancer cell growth at subnanomolar concentrations and interacts strongly with tubulin by binding to the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Hadfield JA, Gaukroger K, Hirst N, Weston AP, Lawrence NJ, McGown AT. Synthesis and evaluation of double bond substituted combretastatins. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:529-41. [PMID: 15922837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2004] [Revised: 12/21/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of combretastatins substituted with epoxides, amides and small alkyl groups has been synthesised and evaluated for cytotoxicity and their ability to inhibit the assembly of tubulin. The methyl and ethyl substituted phenols 36, 44 have shown potent antimitotic effects whilst exhibiting reduced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hadfield
- Centre for Molecular Drug Design, Cockcroft Building, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK.
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14
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Lawrence NJ, Rennison D, McGown AT, Hadfield JA. The total synthesis of an aurone isolated from Uvaria hamiltonii : aurones and flavones as anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3759-63. [PMID: 14552774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2003.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring aurone 1, isolated from Uvaria hamiltonii, and a series of aurones analogues based structurally on known tubulin binding agents were prepared and evaluated for anticancer activity. Aurone 20 was the most active (IC(50) K562 50 nM) and caused significant G2/M cell-cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, PO Box 912, Cardiff CF10 3TB, UK.
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15
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Lawrence NJ, Hepworth LA, Rennison D, McGown AT, Hadfield JA. Synthesis and anticancer activity of fluorinated analogues of combretastatin A-4. J Fluor Chem 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(03)00117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hadfield JA, Ducki S, Hirst N, McGown AT. Tubulin and microtubules as targets for anticancer drugs. Prog Cell Cycle Res 2003; 5:309-25. [PMID: 14593726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules are intracellular organelles formed from the protein tubulin. These organelles have a number of essential cellular functions including chromosome segregation, the maintenance of cell shape, transport, motility, and organelle distribution. Drugs that affect the tubulin-microtubule equilibrium (taxol, vinca alkaloids) are effective anticancer drugs. This review describes the molecular target, methods used in screening, the structures of compounds known to interact with tubulin, and the clinical use of these agents. In addition the ability of these agents to destroy tumour vasculature is described. This represents an exciting new molecular target in the design of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hadfield
- Centre for Molecular Drug Design, Department of Chemistry, University of Salford, Manchester, M5 4WT, UK
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Gaukroger K, Hadfield JA, Lawrence NJ, Nolan S, McGown AT. Structural requirements for the interaction of combretastatins with tubulin: how important is the trimethoxy unit? Org Biomol Chem 2003; 1:3033-7. [PMID: 14518125 DOI: 10.1039/b306878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of combretastatins possessing both a trimethoxy unit and other substituents on ring A has been synthesised and tested for cytotoxicity and their ability to interact with the protein tubulin. All previous studies have indicated that the trimethoxy unit is essential for interaction with tubulin. The studies herein show that molecules possessing functionalities other than trimethoxy can also interact with tubulin. Importantly a trimethyl substituted agent 52a has shown reduced cytotoxicity, but increased potency in its ability to inhibit the assembly of tubulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keira Gaukroger
- Drug Development Section, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX
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18
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Abstract
A high-yielding, two-step stereoselective synthesis of the anticancer drug (Z)-combretastatin A-4 (1) has been devised. The method uses the Perkin condensation of 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylacetic acid and 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde followed by decarboxylation of the cinnamic acid intermediate using copper and quinoline. The iodine-catalyzed isomerization of the Z isomer 1 results in complete conversion to the E isomer. The Suzuki cross-coupling of an aryl boronic acid and vinyl bromide has also been successfully employed to produce both Z and E isomers of combretastatin A-4 stereoselectively. Both methods are far superior to the current five-step Wittig synthesis in which both isomers are produced nonstereoselectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gaukroger
- CRC Drug Development Group and CRC Radiochemical Targeting and Imaging Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, M20 4BX, U.K
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Lawrence NJ, Rennison D, McGown AT, Ducki S, Gul LA, Hadfield JA, Khan N. Linked parallel synthesis and MTT bioassay screening of substituted chalcones. J Comb Chem 2001; 3:421-6. [PMID: 11549359 DOI: 10.1021/cc000075z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A 644-membered library of chalcones was prepared by parallel synthesis using the Claisen-Schmidt base-catalyzed aldol condensation of substituted acetophenones and benzaldehydes. The cytotoxicity of these chalcones was conveniently determined upon the crude products directly in 96-well microtiter test plates by the conventional MTT assay. This method revealed seven chalcones of IC(50) less than 1 microM of which 4'-hydroxy-2,4,6,3'-tetramethoxychalcone (5a) was the most active [IC(50) (K562), 30 nM]; it causes cell cycle arrest at the G(2)/M point and binds to tubulin at the colchicine binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK.
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Lawrence NJ, McGown AT, Nduka J, Hadfield JA, Pritchard RG. Cytotoxic Michael-type amine adducts of alpha-methylene lactones alantolactone and isoalantolactone. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:429-31. [PMID: 11212128 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two series of cytotoxic (IC50, K562 cell line, 1-24 microM) alpha-aminomethyl substituted lactones 3 and 4 were prepared by stereoselective Michael-type addition of amines to alantolactone (1) and isoalantolactone (2). The lactones 1 and 2 and their amine adducts induce apoptosis and act as alkylating agents.
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Abstract
A series of diarylamines, diaryl and arylbenzyl ethers based on combretastatin A-4 was prepared and evaluated for anticancer activity. 2-Methoxy-5-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenoxymethyl)phenol was the most active (IC50, K562 20 nM) and caused significant G2/M cell cycle arrest.
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Westerhof GR, Ploemacher RE, Boudewijn A, Blokland I, Dillingh JH, McGown AT, Hadfield JA, Dawson MJ, Down JD. Comparison of different busulfan analogues for depletion of hematopoietic stem cells and promotion of donor-type chimerism in murine bone marrow transplant recipients. Cancer Res 2000; 60:5470-8. [PMID: 11034090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Busulfan (1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate, BU) is relatively unique among other standard chemotherapy compounds in its ability to deplete noncycling primitive stem cells in the host and consequently to allow for high levels of long-term, donor-type engraftment after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Such a property explains why this drug can be used as an alternative to total body irradiation in preparative regimes for BMT. However, as with radiation, BU conditioning is still troubled by severe toxicities that limit its applications to suboptimal drug doses. These problems stress the need for other BMT-conditioning drugs that are better tolerated and more selectively targeted toward normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cells. We have therefore compared the effects of various novel dimethanesulfonate compounds (related to BU) in terms of their toxicity to different stem cell subsets in vivo and in vitro and their ability to provide for long-term donor bone marrow engraftment using the congenic glucose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 marker. Introduction of a benzene or cyclohexane ring in some of these drugs affords rigidity to the molecule and restricts the spatial positioning of the alkylating groups. Among 25 different compounds thus far tested at single doses, PL63 [cis-1,2-(2-hydroxyethyl) cyclohexane dimethanesulfonate] proved to be the most effective in providing for hematopoietic engraftment. The transisomer of the same compound gave significantly less engraftment and was comparable with the effects of dimethylbusulfan and Hepsulfam. The engraftment data correlated well with the depletion of different bone marrow stem cell subsets in the host as measured using the cobblestone area forming cell assay. The extent of stem cell depletion could not be explained on the basis of the distance and orientation of the two alkylating groups. Pharmacokinetic data, however, indicate that there is a correlation between biological activity and plasma levels reached. The diverse cytotoxic effects shown by these novel analogues of BU have provided a basis for relating biological activity with pharmacokinetic properties rather than with structural properties such as distance and orientation of the two alkylating groups. The identification of highly active compounds such as PL63 offers an opportunity for further developing other closely related drugs for potential application in clinical BMT conditioning therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Westerhof
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Lawrence NJ, McGown AT, Ducki S, Hadfield JA. The interaction of chalcones with tubulin. Anticancer Drug Des 2000; 15:135-41. [PMID: 10901301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The chalcone 3,4,3',4',5'-pentamethoxychalcone is a potent cytotoxic agent. A series of chalcones and (E)-4-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)but-3-en-2-one were prepared and assessed for their ability to inhibit cell growth in vitro. The cytotoxicity correlates with their ability to bind to tubulin as measured by immunofluorescence, cell cycle analysis and disruption of microtubule assembly. Some of the chalcones were shown to bind to the type II oestrogen receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK.
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25
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Abstract
There have been many reports that high soya-based diets reduce the risk of certain types of cancer. This effect may be due to the presence of high levels of isoflavones derived from the soya bean, particularly genistein which has been shown to be a protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitor and have both oestrogenic and anti-oestrogenic properties. We have examined the effect of genistein and a number of novel synthetic analogues on both normal (IEC6, IEC18) and transformed (SW620, HT29) intestinal epithelial cell lines. Responses were compared to those elicited by oestradiol, the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor tyrphostin. Genistein and tamoxifen were potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. Of seven novel isoflavones tested, none were more potent inhibitors than genistein, and all displayed similar relative activities across the different cell lines. In addition to inhibiting cell proliferation, cell death via apoptosis was observed when the cells were exposed to the isoflavones and all but one exhibited PTK inhibitory activity. These data suggest that by reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis, possibly due in part to PTK inhibition, isoflavones may have a role in protecting normal intestinal epithelium from tumour development (reducing the risk) and may reduce colonic tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Booth
- Epithelial Biology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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26
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Abstract
Several 2-aryl-4-oxoxbenzopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines have previously been shown to exhibit in vivo antitumor activity in mice with P388 lymphocytic leukemia. In the present study, a series of novel substituted benzopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines have been prepared and tested for cytotoxic activity against a panel of cancer cell lines including the P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell line. The unsubstituted parent compound, some methoxylated derivatives and a cyclohexyl derivative all exhibited potent cytotoxic activity (IC50 values 0.3-0.64 microM). A number of derivatives, including the unsubstituted parent pyrimidine, were shown to cause a significant perturbation in cell cycle kinetics with an observed 2- to 3-fold increase in cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, a polymethoxylated derivative, 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-9-methoxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzopyrano[ 2,3-d]pyrimidine 13, was shown to be selectively active against a number of human ovarian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hadfield
- Cancer Research Campaign Section of Drug Development and Imaging, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Zhao S, Moore JV, Waller ML, McGown AT, Hadfield JA, Pettit GR, Hastings DL. Positron emission tomography of murine liver metastases and the effects of treatment by combretastatin A-4. Eur J Nucl Med 1999; 26:231-8. [PMID: 10079313 DOI: 10.1007/s002590050382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There are major potential advantages in non-invasive measurement of preclinical tumour biology and therapeutic response in clinically relevant, internal body sites, notably the ability to follow outcome in individual animals rather than averaging results from groups. We have exploited positron emission tomography (PET) to determine the feasibility of detecting liver metastases in B6D2F1 mice using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) both before and after treatment by the novel cytotoxic agent, combretastatin A-4. The normal distribution of [18F]FDG in the absence of disease was characterised, with the clear delineation of the brain, the heart and the urinary bladder in all studies. In untreated mice with liver metastases, a strong correlation (r2 = 0.98) was found between the quantitative estimates of [18F]FDG uptake obtained by analysis of PET images, and those obtained from ex vivo assay of liver plus metastases excised immediately after imaging. In this first series, the effective limit of resolution was in livers containing a number of small metastases (range 8-14) with a single volume equivalent of approximately 200 mm3. PET image analysis was concordant with histological measurements in showing that single intraperitoneal doses of combretastatin A-4 resulted in an average 30% volume destruction of metastatic mass by 24 h following administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhao
- North West Medical Physics, Christie Hospital (NHS) Trust, Manchester, UK
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28
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Abstract
Tubulin is the biochemical target for several clinically used anticancer drugs, including paclitaxel and the vinca alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. This review describes both the natural and synthetic agents which are known to interact with tubulin. Syntheses of the more complex agents are referenced and the potential clinical use of the compounds is discussed. This review describes the biochemistry of tubulin, microtubules, and the mitotic spindle. The agents are discussed in relation to the type of binding site on the protein with which they interact. These are the colchicine, vinca alkaloid, rhizoxin/maytansine, and tubulin sulfhydryl binding sites. Also included are the agents which either bind at other sites or unknown sites on tubulin. The literature is reviewed up to October 1997.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK
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29
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Abstract
Series of diaryl ethers, amines and amides have been synthesized and tested for antitumor activity. These diaryl compounds possess some of the structural features of combretastatin A-4 (a potent antimitotic agent). They were designed to discover whether transferring these structural motifs from stilbenes to heterosubstituted diaryl compounds would enhance their biochemical activities. Molecular modeling studies suggested that these diaryl compounds could adopt conformations similar to combretastatin A-4. However, although some agents (5-7) were cytotoxic and others (10 and 12) could interact with tubulin, none were as potent as combretastatin A-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aleksandrzak
- Cancer Research Campaign Section of Drug Development and Imaging, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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30
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Ducki S, Forrest R, Hadfield JA, Kendall A, Lawrence NJ, McGown AT, Rennison D. Potent antimitotic and cell growth inhibitory properties of substituted chalcones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:1051-6. [PMID: 9871706 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted chalcones was synthesised and screened for cytotoxic activity against the K562 human leukaemia cell line. (E)-3-(3"-Hydroxy-4"-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-(3',4',5'- trimethoxyphenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one [IC50 (K562) 0.21 nM] was found to be the most active. A relationship between the conformation and cytotoxicity of the chalcones is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Dept. of Chemistry, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, UK
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31
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32
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Ducki S, Hadfield JA, Hepworth LA, Lawrence NJ, Liu CY, McGown AT. Synthesis and cell growth inhibitory properties of substituted (E)-1-phenylbut-1-en-3-ones. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(97)10147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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33
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Perry PJ, Pavlidis VH, Hadfield JA. Synthesis of cytotoxic furonaphthoquinones: Regiospecific synthesis of diodantunezone and 2-ethylfuronaphthoquinones. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Cummings J, Hadfield JA, Meikle I, McGown AT, Smyth JF. Molecular modeling of the interaction of anthracenyl-amino acid topoisomerase inhibitors with the DNA sequence d(CGTACG). Anticancer Drugs 1996; 7:636-41. [PMID: 8913431 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199608000-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Anthracenyl-amino acid and dipeptide conjugates represent new classes of topoisomerase (topo) inhibitors. To investigate the structural basis for their different selectivity against topo I and II and varying potency, the binding of six compounds to d(CGTACG) was studied by molecular modeling. Modeling data were in good agreement with physical data showing that five compounds intercalated DNA with the anthraquinone chromophore orientated in parallel to the long dimension of the d(CpG) base pairs and the amino acid placed in the minor groove. Differences in binding modes emerged which correlated to different biological properties. The amino acid chain of the topo I inhibitor (NU/ICRF 600, gly-phe) extended significantly out from the helical axis horizontal. The amino acid side chains of two topo II inhibitors (NU/ICRF 510, arginine and NU/ ICRF 512, methionine) were inserted into the minor groove, whereas the C-terminal groups (hydrazide) of two potent topo II inhibitors (NU/ICRF 500 and 506, serine) were placed into the minor groove while the amino acid side chains pointed away from the minor groove. These data provide structural information which may prove valuable in rational design of second generation analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cummings
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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35
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Abstract
Aurantiamide acetate (N-benzoyl-1-phenylalanyl-1-pheylalaninol acetate) has been isolated by chromatographic separation of a methanol extract of Arisaema erubescens and its structure confirmed by synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Department of Chemistry, UMIST, Manchester, U.K
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36
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Ducki S, Hadfield JA, Lawrence NJ, Liu CY, McGown AT, Zhang X. Isolation of E-1-(4'-Hydroxyphenyl)-but-1-en-3-one from Scutellaria barbata. Planta Med 1996; 62:185-186. [PMID: 8657758 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-957853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Department of Chemistry, UMIST, Manchester, U.K
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37
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ducki
- Cancer Research Campaign Department of Drug Development, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, U.K
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39
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Meikle I, Cummings J, Macpherson JS, Hadfield JA, Smyth JF. Biochemistry of topoisomerase I and II inhibition by anthracenyl-amino acid conjugates. Biochem Pharmacol 1995; 49:1747-57. [PMID: 7598737 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(95)00086-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mono-conjugation of an anthraquinone nucleus with a range of naturally occurring amino acids chemically modified at their C-terminus has been adopted as a synthetic approach in the rational design of novel topoisomerase (topo) inhibitors. The biochemistry of topo I and II inhibition has been investigated for a series of 16 new compounds (NU/ICRF 500-515) from which structure-activity relationships have been investigated. Only three compounds could be demonstrated to bind to DNA: two serine derivatives (NU/ICRFs 500 and 506) and an arginine derivative (NU/ICRF 510). In decatenation and relaxation assays with purified enzyme, several compounds were shown to be potent catalytic inhibitors of topo II (100% inhibition at 5 micrograms/mL (10-15 microM) or less) without stabilizing cleavable complex formation. These included the three DNA binding species (of which NU/ICRF 506 was the most active) and a dihydroxyphenylalanine analogue (NU/ICRF 513). Both NU/ICRFs 500 and 506 were further shown to antagonize DNA cleavage induced by amsacrine. Only NU/ICRF 506 unequivocally inhibited the catalytic activity of topo I without induction of DNA cleavage, and was the only combined topo I and II catalytic inhibitor. One compound, NU/ICRF 505 (tyrosine conjugate), stabilized topo I cleavable complexes without inhibiting the catalytic activity of topo I and II. Modifications to the structure of NU/ICRF 505 revealed that the presence of an unhindered hydroxyl on the tyrosine ring and a more hydrophobic ethyl ester at the amino acid C-terminal were both essential, suggesting a highly specific interaction between drug, enzyme and DNA in the ternary complex. Molecular modelling studies suggested that the observed differences in topo inhibition are a consequence of major conformational alterations brought about by small changes in the amino acid substituent, and confirmed a rigid structural requirement for the induction of topo I cleavage, in addition to a less rigid structural requirement for topo II inhibition. A strong correlation was observed between topo inhibition and in vitro cytotoxicity against the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780 (IC50 range 3.4-11.6 microM), suggesting a mechanism of cell kill, at least in part, involving topo inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Meikle
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund Medical Oncology Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, U.K
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40
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41
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Abstract
A series of stilbenes, based on combretastatin A-4, were synthesised. A structure-activity study was carried out to characterise the interaction of these agents with tubulin. The substitution of small alkyl substituents for the 4'-methoxy group of combretastatin A-4 and the loss of the 3'-hydroxyl group does not have a major effect on the interaction with tubulin. trans-Stilbenes were shown to bind tubulin, but do not inhibit microtubule assembly. This work, together with previous studies, has been used to propose an idealised structure for a tubulin-binding agent of this type.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Woods
- CRC Department of Experimental Chemotherapy, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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42
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Perry PJ, Pavlidis VH, Hadfield JA, Coutts IGC. Efficient regiospecific synthesis of two cytotoxic furonaphthoquinones, 5,7-dimethoxy-4,9-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione and 5,6,7-trimethoxy-4,9-dihydronaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-dione. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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43
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Brown RT, Fox BW, Hadfield JA, McGown AT, Mayalarp SP, Pettit GR, Woods JA. Synthesis of water-soluble sugar derivatives of combretastatin A-4. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1039/p19950000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Hadfield JA, Pavlidis VH, McGown AT, Whitworth C, Perry PJ, Fox BW. Structure-activity studies on 2-aryl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones. Anticancer Drugs 1994; 5:533-8. [PMID: 7858285 DOI: 10.1097/00001813-199410000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Eight benzoxazin-4-ones related in structure to NSC 341964 (1) have been tested for cytotoxicity in two different cell systems. Two of the benzoxazin-4-ones (3 and 10) showed good cytotoxicity (ID50 = 9.9 and 8.9 microM) in P388 cells. The nitrobenzoxazin-4-one (10) caused a significant alteration in cell cycle distribution when administered to P388 cells and was an inhibitor of porcine pancreatic elastase. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hadfield
- CRC Department of Experimental Chemotherapy, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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45
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Abstract
Bis(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)sulfide (5) and bis(2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl) selenide (7) have been shown to block cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, whereas the debromo (4,6) equivalents do not. The biobromoselenide (7) is cytotoxic to tumour cells in vitro and has been shown to increase the mitotic index of treated cells. These biological effects are consistent with disruption of the mitotic apparatus. This agent does not inhibit microtubule assembly in vitro, but does bind to tubulin. Molecular modelling of these structures indicates that their spatial and electronic structures may make an important contribution to the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Woods
- CRC Department of Experimental Chemotherapy, Pateson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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46
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Hadfield JA, McGown AT, Dawson MJ, Thatcher N, Fox BW. The suitability of carboplatin solutions for 14-day continuous infusion by ambulatory pump: an HPLC-dynamic FAB study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 1993; 11:723-7. [PMID: 8257737 DOI: 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80181-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The stability of aqueous carboplatin solutions over 14 days has been studied at 37 and 60 degrees C. High-performance liquid chromatography and dynamic FAB mass spectrometry studies have shown that carboplatin solutions were stable at 37 degrees C but degraded at 60 degrees C. Fluid loss through evaporation was significant at the higher temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hadfield
- CRC Department of Experimental Chemotherapy, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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47
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Hadfield JA, Fox BW, Caffrey R. Dimethanesulphonate esters in receptor mapping studies. 2. Antitumour activities of alkyl and alkoxy dimethanesulphonates substituted on a benzene nucleus. Anticancer Drug Des 1992; 7:263-75. [PMID: 1610483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The antitumour activities of 15 novel aromatic dimethanesulphonate esters were studied. Several alkyl and alkoxy compounds have shown good antitumour activity whilst similar isomers have proved ineffective as antitumour agents. These differences in activity have been correlated with the length of the sidechain substituents and their relative flexibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hadfield
- Department of Experimental Chemotherapy, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital Trust, Withington, Manchester, UK
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48
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Fox BW, Hadfield JA, O'Connor PM. Dimethanesulphonate esters in receptor mapping studies. 1. Benzene 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,4-diol, dimethanol and diethanol dimethanesulphonates and anti-tumour activity. Anticancer Drug Des 1991; 6:71-82. [PMID: 2039583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The anti-tumour activities of nine aromatic dimethanesulphonate esters were examined. Their biological effects have been related to both their chemical reactivity and to the computer-modelled vectorial positions of the centres of alkylation of the compounds. One compound (19) has shown activity between sensitive and resistant Yoshida tumours in vivo and also shows the highest activity between these two cell lines in vitro. In its minimal energy form, this compound would require to interact with converging nucleophilic centres about 6 A apart, and it is tentatively suggested that this may be an appropriate dimension for a receptor which is required to be alkylated in order to show anti-tumour activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Fox
- Department of Experimental Chemotherapy, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital and Holt Radium Institute, Withington, Manchester, UK
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49
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Lind MJ, McGown AT, Hadfield JA, Thatcher N, Crowther D, Fox BW. The effect of ifosfamide and its metabolites on intracellular glutathione levels in vitro and in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 1989; 38:1835-40. [PMID: 2735940 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ifosfamide and its metabolites on intracellular levels of glutathione in P388 cells in vitro has been studied. It is demonstrated that glutathione depletion occurs only in the presence of 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide and chloroacetaldehyde. In contrast isophosphoramide mustard had no effect on glutathione levels in intact cells. The concentration of 4-hydroperoxyifosfamide required to reduce glutathione levels by 50% was approximately 1 mM and this represents a concentration far in excess of that achievable in patients receiving the drug. However the concentration of chloroacetaldehyde (approximately 100 microM) required to reduce intracellular levels of glutathione to a similar extent is attained in patients receiving ifosfamide. The glutathione levels in lymphocytes isolated from a patient undergoing an eight hour infusion of ifosfamide showed a marked decrease to about 30% of their original value. We conclude that ifosfamide causes glutathione depletion in vivo and the majority of this can be accounted for by the production of chloroacetaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lind
- CRC Department of Medical Oncology, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital, Manchester, U.K
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50
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Crout DHG, Hadfield JA. An elimination–rearrangement of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate with implications for riboflavin biosynthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1039/c39870000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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